Tesis sobre el tema "Interactions rapides"
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Gremillet, Laurent Yvan André. "Etude théorique et expérimentale du transport des électrons rapides dans l'interaction laser-solide à très haut flux". Palaiseau, École polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPXX0022.
Texto completoDammak, Hichem. "Changement de phase cristalline induit par irradiation aux ions lourds rapides dans un métal pur /". Gif-sur-Yvette : Service de documentation et d'édition multimédia, Centre d'études de Saclay, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35771191c.
Texto completoJadon, Ankita. "Interactions between sodium carbonate aerosols and iodine fission-products". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR021.
Texto completoThe safety analysis of Generation IV sodium-cooled fast neutron reactors requires the study of the consequences of a severe accident in case of release into the environment of sodium and the radionuclides it carries (term chemical and radiological source). The global source term therefore depends on both the chemical speciation of sodium aerosols, resulting from the combustion of sodium in the containment, and their interactions with radionuclides. During this thesis, the interactions between sodium carbonate and iodinated gaseous fission products (I2 and HI) were studied at the atomic and macroscopic scales, via a combined theoretical and experimental approach. An analytical expression of the adsorption isotherm has been developed. The relative stability of the sodium carbonate surfaces was determined by ab initio calculations using density functional theory. The reactivity of iodine has been studied for the most stable surfaces and the adsorption isotherms evaluated. In parallel, the kinetics of capture of molecular iodine by sodium carbonate has been determined experimentally for different boundary conditions.The results show an effective capture of the molecular iodine by sodium carbonate at 373 K, varying according to the partial pressure of iodine and the surface of the carbonate sorbent. For the representative conditions of a severe accident, the adsorption sites of the most favorable sodium carbonate surfaces will be mostly bare or doubly occupied depending on the partial pressure of molecular iodine; leading to an equilibrium pressure of less than 2x10-4 bar at 373 K
Cenier, Tristan. "Interactions entre rythmes rapides et rythmes lents dans la représentation de l'information olfactive dans le réseau bulbaire". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543909.
Texto completoCenier, Tristan. "Interactions entre rythmes rapides et rythmes lents dans la représentation de l’information olfactive dans le réseau bulbaire". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10093/document.
Texto completoA striking feature of the olfactory sensory system is its ability to deal with a complex multi-dimensional chemical stimuli. Receptor cells in the nasal cavity are sensitive to specific features of molecules and transmit this information to the olfactory bulb, first relay for olfaction in the central nervous system. Due to the organization of projection pathways to the bulb, afferent information activates the structure in a topographical fashion ; although this may constitute a coding strategy for olfactory information it has proven insufficient, and other strategies must be investigated. Dynamic phenomenons are a preponderant feature of the olfactory bulb. The respiratory rhythm imposes a sinusoidal level of activation to the system, oscillations in local field potentials and subthreshold oscillations in neurons membrane potentials may interact and lead to the transient synchronization of sub-populations of neurons. This particular mechanism, designated as neural assemblies, is in theory a good candidate for the representation of olfactory information. The work presented here is based on conjoint recordings, in anesthetized animals, of unitary activities, oscillations in the LFP and respiration, in response to olfactory stimulation. We show the relationships existing between the various dynamic phenomenons, and hypothesize on their functional roles. We propose that a same mechanism may form different neural assemblies each assuming a specific functional role. The respiratory rhythm acts as a gating system, organizing the formation of successive yet different neural assemblies
Vauzour, Benjamin. "Étude expérimentale du transport d'électrons rapides dans le cadre de l'allumage rapide pour la fusion inertielle". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14496/document.
Texto completoThe framework of this PhD thesis is the validation of the fast ignition scheme for the nuclear fusion by inertial confinement. It consists in the experimental study of the various processes involved in fast electron beams propagation, produced by intense laser pulses (10^{19} W.cm-2), through dense matter either solid or compressed. In this work we present the results of three experiments carried out on different laser facilities in order to generate fast electron beams in various conditions and study their propagation in different states of matter, from the cold solid to the warm and dense plasma.The first experiment was performed with a high intensity contrast on the UHI100 laser facility (CEA Saclay). The study of fast electron energy deposition inside thin aluminium targets highlights a strong target heating at shallow depths, where the collectivs effects are predominant, thus producing a steep temperature profile between front (300eV) and rear (20eV) sides over 20µm thickness. A numerical simulation of the experiment shows that this temperature gradient induces the formation of a shock wave, breaking through the rear side of the target and thus leading to increase the thermal emission. The experimental chronometry of the shock breakthrough allowed validating the model of the collective transport of electrons.Two other experiments were dedicated to the study of fast electron beam propagation inside compressed targets. In the first experiment on the LULI2000 laser facility, the plane compression geometry allowed to precisely dissociate the energy losses due to resistive effects from those due to the collisional ones. By comparing our experimental results with simulations, we observed a significative increase of the fast electron beam energy losses with the compression and the target heating to temperatures close to the Fermi temperature. The second experiment, performed in a cylindrical geometry, demonstrated a fast electron beam guiding phenomenon due to self-generated magnetic fields in presence of sharp radial resistivity gradients. Furthermore, in the temperature and density conditions achieved here, the increase of collisional energy losses with density is compensated by the decreasing resistive energy losses due to the transition of the conductivity into the high-temperatures Spitzer regime
Dammak, Hichem. "Changement de phase cristalline induit par irradiation aux ions lourds rapides dans un métal pur". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EPXX0005.
Texto completoBodenreider, Christophe. "Étude des cinétiques de repliement et d'assemblage de la dihydrofolate réductase R67". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077028.
Texto completoDufour, Christian. "Modélisation de la formation de traces dues au ralentissement électronique des ions lourds rapides dans les matériaux métalliques et études expérimentales dans le bismuth /". Gif-sur-Yvette : Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35581763n.
Texto completoJadon, Ankita. "Interactions between sodium carbonate aerosols and iodine fission-products". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R021/document.
Texto completoThe safety analysis of Generation IV sodium-cooled fast neutron reactors requires the study of the consequences of a severe accident in case of release into the environment of sodium and the radionuclides it carries (term chemical and radiological source). The global source term therefore depends on both the chemical speciation of sodium aerosols, resulting from the combustion of sodium in the containment, and their interactions with radionuclides. During this thesis, the interactions between sodium carbonate and iodinated gaseous fission products (I2 and HI) were studied at the atomic and macroscopic scales, via a combined theoretical and experimental approach. An analytical expression of the adsorption isotherm has been developed. The relative stability of the sodium carbonate surfaces was determined by ab initio calculations using density functional theory. The reactivity of iodine has been studied for the most stable surfaces and the adsorption isotherms evaluated. In parallel, the kinetics of capture of molecular iodine by sodium carbonate has been determined experimentally for different boundary conditions.The results show an effective capture of the molecular iodine by sodium carbonate at 373 K, varying according to the partial pressure of iodine and the surface of the carbonate sorbent. For the representative conditions of a severe accident, the adsorption sites of the most favorable sodium carbonate surfaces will be mostly bare or doubly occupied depending on the partial pressure of molecular iodine; leading to an equilibrium pressure of less than 2x10-4 bar at 373 K
Floquet, Vincent. "Génération d’ions rapides par impulsions laser ultra intenses et ultra courtes". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112269/document.
Texto completoAccelerating ions/protons can be done using short laser pulse (few femtoseconds) focused on few micrometers area on solid target (carbon, aluminum, plastic...). The electromagnetic field intensity reached on target (1019 W.cm-2) allows us to turn the solid into a hot dense plasma. The dynamic motion of the electrons is responsible for the creation of intense static electric field at the plasma boundaries. These electric fields accelerate organic pollutants (including protons) located at the boundaries. This acceleration mechanism known as the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) has been the topic of the research presented in this thesis.The goal of this work has been to study the acceleration mechanism and to increase the maximal ion energy achievable. Indeed, societal application such as proton therapy requires proton energy up to few hundreds of MeV. To proceed, we have studied different target configurations allowing us to increase the laser plasma coupling and to transfer as much energy as possible to ions (target with microspheres deposit, foam target, grating). Different experiments have also dealt with generating a pre-plasma on the target surface thanks to a pre-pulse. On the application side, fluorescent material such as CdWO4 has been studied under high flux rate of protons. These high flux rates have been, up to now, beyond the conventional accelerators capabilities
Legendre, Sébastien. "Etude de l'ionisation et de la dissociation d'H2O induites par collision avec des ions multichargés rapides". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090898.
Texto completobranchement entre les différentes voies de fragmentation, de sections efficaces d'ionisation simple et multiple et des distributions d'énergie cinétique des fragments ont été réalisées, des informations relatives à la dynamique de fragmentation extraites. L'ionisation multiple représente environ 30 % des événements d'ionisation. La double ionisation produit de façcon importante de l'oxygène atomique, considéré comme un intermédiaire réactionnel important en ce qui concerne la production du radical HO2 dont le rendement restait jusqu'il y a peu inexpliqué par les différentes simulations de la radiolyse de l'eau liquide par des ions de fort pouvoir d'arrêt. L'étude de la dynamique de la fragmentation de la molécule HOD induite par ces ions multichargés rapides a révélé une forte sélectivité de la rupture des liaisons. Une fois la molécule doublement ionisée, la rupture de la liaison O-H est trouvée 6,5 fois plus probable que celle de la liaison O-D. Un calcul semi-classique simulant la dynamique de la fragmentation sur la surface d'énergie potentielle de l'état fondamental du dication H2O2+ a permis de
reproduire aussi bien la nature préférentielle de la rupture de la liaison O-H qu'un décalage des distributions d'énergie cinétique. De premiers résultats concernant l'interaction d'agrégats d'eau sont également reportés. Le spectre de masse pointe le transfert de proton rapide intra-agrégat se produisant, conduisant à l'émission de fragments agrégats protonnés.
Singh, Shifali. "Radioscopie X pour les interactions corium-sodium lors d'un scénario d'accident grave". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS114.
Texto completoIn Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors (SFR), hypothetical failure of the core cooling system or the plant protection system may lead to a severe accident scenario. In such a scenario, core materials (fuel and cladding) melt down generating a hot molten mixture called corium. This corium may interact with the coolant (liquid sodium) leading to Fuel Coolant Interaction (FCI) which can generate energetic events and hence jeopardize the reactor structures. The yield of these energetic events strongly depends on the state of the corium-sodium mixture prior to the energetic event. Therefore, the knowledge of the features of the mixture composed of three-phases (i.e., corium, liquid sodium, and sodium vapor) is crucial. The lack of knowledge on the phenomenology of the interaction emphasizes the need to study it with the help of experiments. PLINIUS-2, the future large-mass experimental platform of CEA Cadarache, will be dedicated to experiments aiming at understanding the interaction phenomenology of prototypic corium with coolant (sodium and water). The present research aims to develop a high-energy X-Ray imaging system for this facility, to visualize and better understand the corium-sodium interaction. An image-processing algorithm to analyze the three-phase repartition is also developed to contribute to the improvement of numerical modeling. This Ph.D. research has been executed in three steps. In the first step, a bibliographic study of the past experiments was carried out to better understand the physics of the interaction and the mechanism of fragmentation during corium-sodium interaction. This bibliographic study, along with a statistical analysis of the particle size distribution data of various experiments conducted in the past, revealed that the particles formed in these tests are extremely fine fragments with characteristic diameters smaller than 1 mm. Due to the small particle size and the detection limitations of corium fragments in sodium with our X-Ray system, clouds of particles were detected instead of individual particles. In the second phase, the simulation of clouds of corium particles followed by the designing of phantoms (3D mock-ups) representing the 3-phase medium was carried out. Simulations of clouds of corium fragments in liquid sodium and vapor were performed using the CEA Cadarache in-house tool MODHERATO. Based on the results obtained from the simulations, certain phantoms were designed to conduct some physical experiments. These phantoms representative of the FCI interaction zone were manufactured to experimentally evaluate the performance of the radioscopy system and to facilitate the development and calibration of the image processing software. The third step of this work was dedicated to performing experiments with the phantoms and analyzing the radiographic images by developing an image processing algorithm. Experiments were carried out with phantoms in several configurations with the X-Ray radiography system at the CEA Cadarache KROTOS facility. The radioscopic images obtained were treated by developing a new comprehensive image processing and analysis code called PICSEL to identify the three phases composing the medium. Further verification and validation of the PICSEL software were carried out on a test conducted between corium and water at the KROTOS facility under the Euro-Chinese project “ALISA”. Thus, in this Ph.D. research, an X-Ray imaging system was qualified to visualize the corium-sodium interaction in the future PLINIUS-2-FR facility. A qualitative analysis of the images produced by this system was also performed using the PICSEL software to better characterize the evolution of the three-phase mixture and understand the FCI phenomenon, knowledge of which is deemed essential to improve the safety and designs of future sodium-cooled fast reactors
Chatry, Christian. "Contribution à la dosimétrie des neutrons rapides par l'analyse des traces de protons de recul dans un détecteur solide de traces polymétrique de type CR-39". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20101.
Texto completoRangama, Jimmy. "Ionisation et excitation de l'atome de lithium par impact de particules chargées rapides : identification des mécanismes de création de deux lacunes en couche K du lithium en fonction de la charge et de la vitesse du projectile". Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2041.
Texto completoBillebaud, Annick. "Etude expérimentale de l'émission électronique secondaire de cibles minces de carbone sous l'impact de projectiles rapides : ions lourds, ions hydrogène (atomiques, moléculaires, ou sous forme d'agrégats)". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10170.
Texto completoKelada, Fadi Sameh Aziz. "Étude des dynamiques et de la stabilité des réseaux électriques faible inertie avec une forte pénétration de ressources renouvelables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT065.
Texto completoPower systems are evolving significantly due to economic, geopolitical, and environmental factors, notably the increasing integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) interfaced through power electronic converters, known as Inverter-Based Resources (IBR). This shift from synchronous machine (SM)-dominated systems to IBR-dominated systems introduces challenges such as reduced inertia, intermittency, and stability issues. Traditional stability analysis and modeling techniques, which assume slower dynamics inherent in SMs, are inadequate for the fast dynamics of IBRs. The emerging dominance of IBRs necessitates the development of detailed Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) models, which are computationally intensive but essential for capturing the fast dynamics of modern power systems. Existing stability classification frameworks, historically based on SM-dominated systems, are being revised to incorporate IBR influences, introducing new stability categories like Converter-Driven Stability (CDS). This work investigates novel insights into the interactions between SMs, IBR unit dynamics, and network dynamics that have been overlooked in the literature. It provides a comprehensive framework that is open-source and adaptable for generic power system topologies, allowing for scalable results and analyses. Furthermore, the proposed framework is utilized to determine optimal allocations of virtual inertia and damping in low inertia power systems to enhance frequency stability metrics
Leiva, Germán. "Interactive Prototyping of Interactions : from Throwaway Prototypes to Takeaway Prototyping". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS551/document.
Texto completoPrototyping is essential in any design process. During the early stages, designers rely on rapid prototyping to explore ideas. Current rapid prototyping tools and techniques focus on paper representations and their disposability. However, while these throwaway prototypes are quick to create they are difficult to iterate over. I argue that rapid prototyping tools can effectively support reusable as well as throwaway artifacts for sketching interaction in early-stage design. First, I investigate tools in the context of video prototyping. Designers experience two main barriers to use video in interaction design: the time to capture and edit the video artifacts. To aid during the capturing-phase of video prototyping I created VideoClipper. This tool embodies an integrated iterative design method that rewards discipline but permits flexibility for video prototyping. The tool provides a storyboard-style overview to organize multiple videos in story Lines. VideoClipper offers editable and reusable TitleCards, video capture for steady-state and rough stop-motion filming and the ability to recombine videos in new ways for redesign. I present informal user studies with interaction design students using VideoClipper in three design courses. Results suggest that participants spend less time capturing and editing in VideoClipper than with other video tools. However, many designers find tedious to create stop-motion videos for continuous interactions and to re-shoot clips as the design evolves. Participants continuously try to reduce re-shooting by reusing backgrounds or mixing different levels of fidelity. Inspired by this behavior, I created Montage, a prototyping tool for video prototyping that lets designers progressively augment paper prototypes with digital sketches, facilitating the creation, reuse and exploration of dynamic interactions. Montage uses chroma keying to decouple the prototyped interface from its context of use, letting designers reuse or change them independently. I describe how Montage enhances video prototyping by combining video with digital animated sketches, encourages the exploration of different contexts of use, and supports prototyping of different interaction styles. Second, I investigate how early designs start being implemented into interactive prototypes. Professional designers and developers often struggle when transitioning from the illustration of the design to the actual implementation of the system. In collaboration with Nolwenn Maudet, I conducted three studies that focused on the design and implementation of custom interactions to understand the mismatches between designers' and developers' processes, tools and representations. We find that current practices induce unnecessary rework and cause discrepancies between design and implementation and we identify three recurring types of breakdowns: omitting critical details, ignoring edge cases, and disregarding technical limitations. I propose four design principles to create tools that mitigate these problems: Provide multiple viewpoints, maintain a single source of truth, reveal the invisible and support design by enaction. We apply these principles to create Enact, an interactive live environment for prototyping touch-based interactions. We introduce two studies to assess Enact and to compare designer-developer collaboration with Enact versus current tools. Results suggest that Enact helps participants detect more edge cases, increases designers' participation and provides new opportunities for co-creation. These three prototyping tools rely on the same underlying theoretical principles: reification, polymorphism, reuse, and information substrates. Also, the presented tools outline a new prototyping approach that I call "Takeaway Prototyping". In contrast to throwaway prototypes, instead of emphasizing disposability, tools for "Takeaway Prototyping" support design by enaction and reify design artifacts to materialize the lessons learned
Lejman, Mariusz. "Ultrafast photogeneration and photodetection of coherent acoustic phonons in ferroelectric BiFeO3". Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA1015/document.
Texto completoUltrafast optical pump-probe technique, by exploiting ultrashort laser pulses (femtosecond), allows to initiate and monitor ultrafast processes in matter. Picosecond acoustics is a research field that focuses on the generation and detection mechanisms of high frequency coherent acoustic phonons in different media, as well as on their application in testing of nanomaterials and nanostructures. This PhDs research project was devoted to study of electron-acoustic phonon coupling in ferroelectric BiFeO3 (bismuth ferrite, BFO) by ultrafast acoustics. We have evidenced that depending on the BFO crystal orientation it was possible to tune the coherent phonons spectrum with in particular variable amplitude of longitudinal (LA) and transverse (TA) acoustic modes. In some grains with particular crystallographic orientations much stronger TA than LA signal was observed. Spectacularly, we have revealed an efficient coupling between electron and transverse acousticphonon. Such high ratio never reported before in any metal, semiconductor or nanostructure before, can be principally attributed to the photoinduced inverse piezoelectric effect (Lejman et al Nature Communications 2014). In a second part, we have shown that BFO as well as another birefringent ferroelectric LiNbO3 (LNO) can be used for ultrafast acousto-optic modeconversion (manipulation of light polarization at the picosecond time scale with coherent acoustic phonons). This effect, never reported at GHz up to now, can be potentially applied in photonics for ultrafast manipulation of light polarization bycoherent acoustic phonons in next generation photonic/phononic devices
Joubert, Olivier R. "Catégorisation rapide des scènes naturelles : L'objet, le contexte, et leurs interactions". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00334756.
Texto completoLlaser, Nicolas. "Interaction entre architecture et technologie pour la conception de cellules analogiques ultra-rapides". Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112152.
Texto completoFernier, Alexandre. "Couplage multi-échelle pour l'intéraction fluide structure en dynamique rapide". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLY001/document.
Texto completoIn nuclear industry, simulating accidental transient sequences at full reactor scale is becoming an increasingly important feature of the safety demonstration towards national agencies. It thus allows limiting the number of complex and costly experiments, while simplifying and accelerating the evaluation of mitigation strategies. However, the implemented numerical models are inevitably heavy to build and maintain, with a global modelling scale making it difficult to account for local geometric details yet able to significantly influence the physical solution. To provide an answer to these problems, this PhD work is dedicated to multi-model approaches designed to integrate such details into bigger models with no modification at the global level (techniques often designated as numerical zoom techniques). Some methods are proposed for both structures and fluids, with special care given to the accuracy and stability of the coupled multi-scale solution compared to a single-scale reference solution. This work handles two very specific topics, namely its compatibility with numerical features imposed by fast transient dynamics with explicit time integration, and the general objective of simultaneously dealing with superimposed models and fluid-structure interaction
Fernier, Alexandre. "Couplage multi-échelle pour l'intéraction fluide structure en dynamique rapide". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLY001.
Texto completoIn nuclear industry, simulating accidental transient sequences at full reactor scale is becoming an increasingly important feature of the safety demonstration towards national agencies. It thus allows limiting the number of complex and costly experiments, while simplifying and accelerating the evaluation of mitigation strategies. However, the implemented numerical models are inevitably heavy to build and maintain, with a global modelling scale making it difficult to account for local geometric details yet able to significantly influence the physical solution. To provide an answer to these problems, this PhD work is dedicated to multi-model approaches designed to integrate such details into bigger models with no modification at the global level (techniques often designated as numerical zoom techniques). Some methods are proposed for both structures and fluids, with special care given to the accuracy and stability of the coupled multi-scale solution compared to a single-scale reference solution. This work handles two very specific topics, namely its compatibility with numerical features imposed by fast transient dynamics with explicit time integration, and the general objective of simultaneously dealing with superimposed models and fluid-structure interaction
Potapov, Sergueï. "Un algorithme ALE de dynamique rapide basé sur une approche mixte éléments finis - volumes finis : Implémentation en langage orienté objet C++". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0534.
Texto completoXiang, Yang. "Interaction d'atomes /ions hydrogène rapides (keV) avec des surfaces : diffraction et formation d'ions négatifs". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863479.
Texto completoXiang, Yang. "Interaction d’atomes /ions hydrogène rapides (keV) avec des surfaces : diffraction et formation d’ions négatifs". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112161/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we have investigated experimentally the scattering of hydrogen atoms and ions on solid surfaces at grazing incidence. The projectile energy ranges from several hundred eV to few keV. The formation of H- ions is studied on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface; and surface diffraction is carried out on LiF(001) surface with H° and H+ particle scattering. Both experiments were performed in the same experimental setup (see Figure 1.2 and 2.1)—with grazing scattering geometry and a PSD (position sensitive detector) located downstream to record scattered particles. For charge state analysis a set of electrostatic plates is inserted between sample and PSD. During the experiment, coincident measurement technique is used to identify the energy loss associated to 0, 1, 2…electrons emission. Clear evidence of diffraction with inelastic scattering by proton on LiF(001) has been obtained, which has not been observed before. Indeed, the group of H. Winter reported that no diffraction exists with inelastic scattering of H° on LiF(001). However, according to our result, a coherence scattering factor still exists even though the electron capture by the proton is an inelastic process. For negative ion formation on HOPG surface, we report here the highest fraction of H- (~10%) measured in grazing scattering experiments; it is larger than those obtained on ionic insulators, the latter being typically 10 times larger than those measured on clean metals. These results confirm the high yields of negative hydrogen ions from graphite reported in the literature. Electron emission and energy loss of scattered beam have also been deciphered via coincidence measurement. Due to the special structure of HOPG, two kinds of electron emissions (σ and π-band electron) and energy losses (cycles and metal-like energy loss) have been measured. Furthermore, the total electron emission on HOPG with insulator-like behavior and total energy loss with metal-like are the most representative property of HOPG which have been first presented in this thesis
Sadaka, Samir. "Etude theorique et experimentale d'un dosimetre de neutrons rapides". Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30032.
Texto completoRoss, Gregory A. "Improving rapid affinity calculations for drug-protein interactions". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:62ccfb5e-10f1-40ec-9a2b-936277944d87.
Texto completoBrice, Goglin. "Réseaux rapides et stockage distribué dans les grappes de calculateurs : propositions pour une interaction efficace". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408722.
Texto completoGoglin, Brice. "Réseaux rapides et stockage distribué dans les grappes de calculateurs : propositions pour une interaction efficace". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSL0328.
Texto completoThis work aims at studying the exploitation of high-speed networks of clusters for distributed storage. Parallel applications running on clusters require both high-performance communications between nodes and efficient access to the storage system. Many studies on network technologies led to the design of dedicated architectures for clusters with very fast communications between computing nodes. Efficient distributed storage in clusters have been essentially developed by adding parallelization mechanisms so that the server(s) may sustain an increased workload. In this work, we propose to improve the performance of distributed storage systems in clusters by efficiently using the underlying high-performance network to access distant storage systems. The main question we are addressing is: do high-speed networks of clusters fit the requirements of a transparent, efficient and high-performance access to remote storage? We show that storage requirements are very different from those of parallel computation. High-speed networks of clusters were designed to optimize communications between different nodes of a parallel application. We study their utilization in a very different context, storage in clusters, where client-server models are generally used to access remote storage (for instance NFS, PVFS or Lustre). Our experimental study based on the usage of the GM programming interface of Myrinet high-speed networks for distributed storage did raised several interesting problems. Firstly, the specific memory utilization in the storage access system layers does not easily fit the traditional memory model of high-speed networks. Secondly, client-server models that are used for distributed storage have specific requirements on message control and event processing, which are not handled by existing interfaces. We propose different solutions to solve communication control problems at the file-system level. We show that a modification of the network programming interface is required. Data transfer issues need an adaptation of the operating system. We detail several propositions for network programming interfaces which make their utilization easier in the context of distributed storage. The integration of a flexible processing of data transfer in the new programming interface Myrinet/MX is finally presented. Performance evaluations show that its usage in the context of both storage and other types of applications is easy and efficient
Klughertz, Guillaume. "Dynamique d'aimantation ultra-rapide de nanoparticules magnétiques". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE004/document.
Texto completoThe goal of this thesis is to explore analytically and numerically the magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanoparticles. Firstly, we study the Néel dynamics of fixed. We show that one can efficiently control the magnetization reversal of a nanoparticle by using a chirped excitation (autoresonance). This study reveals that the Gilbert damping and the temperature alter the efficiency of the reversal, while dipolar interactions can improve it. The stationary properties of a monolayer of nanoparticles are then examined by computing ZFC curves with a Monte Carlo method. We observe that structural disorder has no effect on the blocking temperature. Finally, we investigate the behavior of an ensemble of interacting nanoparticles moving in a fluid with a molecular dynamics approach. Our numerical simulations reproduce the usual chain and ring-like equilibrium configurations. We then study the dynamics of these structures and show the existence of super-spin waves
Kesserwan, Hasan. "Dynamique d'aimantation ultra-rapide de nanostructures magnétiques". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637078.
Texto completode, la Riva Diego Horacio. "Turbulence Interaction in a Highly Sataggered Cascade-Propulsor Configuration". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31963.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Wong, Seck Hoe. "Interactions of micromachines and the fluid environment : rapid mixing micromixers". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403920.
Texto completoBERGEAUD, VINCENT. "Interaction des ions rapides avec les ondes a la frequence cyclotronique ionique dans un plasma de tokamak". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112346.
Texto completoJust, Xavier. "Interaction entre arc et matière granulaire lors d’une coupure ultra-rapide dans un fusible". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI080/document.
Texto completoThis work is part of a project called Environmentally and Economically Effective Fuses (FE2E) driven by the Mersen company. The studied fuses are silver blades embedded in agglomerated silica sand. In case of short circuit, an electric arc appears in shrinked parts (“notches”) of silver blades. The structure formed after the cut (fulgurite) consists in an arc channel surrounded by amorphous silica. Extremely fast cuts (less than 100 microseconds) have been poorly studied.After a bibliographical review, an experimental work was performed to understand how the arc power is absorbed by the surrounding material. Power cuts observations using in situ radiography performed at the ESRF allowed to establish links between fulgurite formation phenomena and electric measurements. Observations and measurements led to correlations between volume, nature and structure of the insulating mass generated during the power cut and electrical characteristics of the arc. In particular, these measurements provided characteristic sizes and shapes for heat affected zones during power cuts at high di/dtNumerical models were developed on this basis for describing the arc channel formation and determining the role of silica sand containment. 1D then 2D axisymmetric geometries were used. The electric arc was considered as a power source and the sand as an equivalent continuous medium. Two extreme cases were tested: when the vaporized material was confined to a closed arc channel and when it escapeed immediately from the arc channel. The results helped identify the consequences of gas containment in the arc channel during power cut.Modeling vs experience correlations led to a simple model which gives information for optimizing new fuses. Some phenomena to be taken into account in future works have been identified, such as the liquid silica penetration and gas flow in the granular packing and the early stages of arc formation
Artaud, Philippe. "Contribution à l'évaluation d'algorithmes adaptatifs rapides dans le contexte des modems : interaction entre algorithme et structure d'annuleur d'écho". Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10629.
Texto completoBardin, Sébastien. "Etude des interactions plasma-paroi par imagerie rapide : application aux plasmas de laboratoire et de tokamak". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0012/document.
Texto completoThe necessity to find a new energy source has lead scientists to explore the way of thermonuclear fusion by magnetic confinement considered as one of the most promising possibility. However the production of such plasmas in the current tokamaks lies to several challenges like the interactions between the plasma and the first wall which spark off the creation of a lot of dust in the plasma which could be problematic for the operation of the next fusion reactors. The knowledge of dust production rates, localisation and transport through the vacuum vessel during plasma phases is of primary importance and must be investigated in preparation of ITER. A time and resource efficient algorithm named TRACE, validated thanks to a dedicated laboratory experiment, is used to detect and track dust particles in ASDEX Upgrade during plasma phase. It allows for automatically analyzing videos originating from fast framing cameras. A statistic about micron sized dust detection rate as a function of cumulated discharge duration is made on a large number of discharges (1470). First analyses covering five last campaigns clearly confirm that the amount of dust is significantly low in most of discharges realized in ASDEX Upgrade, excepted for specific conditions corresponding to off-normal plasma phases (disruptions, strong plasma fluctuations including ELMs, plasma displacement toward PFCs and inefficient absorption of heating power). These observations allow to identify the risky plasma discharges and choose the most efficient plasmas scenarios for ITER. It seems to also confirm the applicability of an all tungsten first wall for future fusion reactors as ITER
Arrabito, Luisa. "Développement d'un systeme ultra rapide pour le scan des émulsions nucléaires d'OPERA et étude sur la localistion des vertex de l'interaction des neutrinos à l'aide de ce système". Lyon 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/28/32/67/PDF/tesi_dottorato.pdf.
Texto completoAmin, Chalhoub Eliane. "Etude des processus thermophysiques en régime d'interaction laser/matière nanoseconde par pyro/réflectométrie rapide". Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2081/document.
Texto completoThe recent development of nanotechnology has made the study and the characterisation of thermal properties of thin films and nanomaterials very important for the development and the quality of new technologies. Our experimental setup is designed and built in order to study different phenomena, in real time, that arise while the interaction of a laser with materials at the nanosecond scale. This system is composed of two complementary optical diagnostics, the time resolved reflectivity and the fast infrared pyrometry. First, we have shown the ability to study in real time the surface structural changes in the case of a thin metal layer deposited on an insulating substrate, the phenomenon of photoluminescence and the kinetics of melting/resolidification and also the ablation. In addition, we present a novel method in order to determine the thermal properties (volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity) of nanostructured surfaces. The analysis is based on the use of a proven theoretical model that is adjusted with an optimisation algorithm on our experimental measurements
Hornung, Grégoire. "Etude de la turbulence plasma par réflectrométrie à balayage ultra-rapide dans le tokamak Tore Supra". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4741/document.
Texto completoThe performance of a fusion reactor is closely related to the turbulence present in the plasma. The latter is responsible for anomalous transport of heat and particles that degrades the confinement. The measure and characterization of turbulence in tokamak plasma is therefore essential to the understanding and control of this phenomenon. Among the available diagnostics, the sweeping reflectometer installed on Tore Supra allows to access the plasma density fluctuations from the edge to the centre of the plasma discharge with a fine spatial (mm) and temporal resolution (µs ) , that is of the order of the characteristic turbulence scales.This thesis consisted in the characterization of plasma turbulence in Tore Supra by ultrafast sweeping reflectometry measurements. Correlation analyses are used to quantify the spatial and temporal scales of turbulence as well as their radial velocity. In the first part, the characterization of turbulence properties from the reconstructed plasma density profiles is discussed, in particular through a comparative study with Langmuir probe data. Then, a parametric study is presented, highlighting the effect of collisionality on turbulence, an interpretation of which is proposed in terms of the stabilization of trapped electron turbulence in the confined plasma. Finally, it is shown how additional heating at ion cyclotron frequency produces a significant though local modification of the turbulence in the plasma near the walls, resulting in a strong increase of the structure velocity and a decrease of the correlation time. The supposed effect of rectified potentials generated by the antenna is investigated via numerical simulations
Laura, Messner. "Paratransit and Bus Rapid Transit Interaction Approaches and Corresponding Barriers". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-419917.
Texto completoCaraDonna, Paul J., William K. Petry, Ross M. Brennan, James L. Cunningham, Judith L. Bronstein, Nickolas M. Waser y Nathan J. Sanders. "Interaction rewiring and the rapid turnover of plant-pollinator networks". WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623072.
Texto completoJardin, Pascal. "Étude des mécanismes élémentaires de transfert d'énergie au cours d'une collision entre un ion lourd rapide multi-chargé et un atome neutre /". Gif-sur-Yvette : Service de documentation et d'édition multimédia, Centre d'études de Saclay, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb358383673.
Texto completoAmdi, Mohammed. "Simulation numérique en interaction fluide structure : application aux problèmes vibroacoustiques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10115/document.
Texto completoIn many cases the noise which we are daily exposed are due to the vibration of a structure (industrial machinery, vehicle, appliance...). Nevertheless, all the sounds we perceive are not necessarily due to the vibration of a structure, for example, wind noise, the sounds of turbine or jet noise...The vibroacoustic research is closely linked with industrial applications because the industry needs new numerical tools, developed in research centers to develop new silent products. Indeed, purely experimental approaches are generally lengthy, complicated and expensive they can be, again, very inefficient. Since the ultimate objective is to design a structure that reduces noise for a good acoustic comfort, numerical simulations can be included in the design optimization techniques to design optimum shape and optimizationmaterials. Once the simulations validated by experimental results, it can be used as a design tool for improving the structure of the affected system. The main aim of my thesis is the development of numerical predictive tools for the noise reduction due to the vibrationof structures. To do this, the original theoretical formulations have been developed and implemented to encourage the design of silent products. In a more specific way, both parties will be addressed : the first part addreeses the familiarproblem of irregular frequencies of the finite element boundary, the BEM for acoustic radiation in an external field. In the second part of this thesis the formulation of the fast multipole method FMM coupled with BEM, as well asits implementation and validation were carried out to push the boundaries of the BEM in terms of computation time and memory
Popescu, Horia. "Génération et transport des électrons rapides dans l'interaction laser-plasma à haut flux". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EPXX0040.
Texto completoThe general context of this study is the Inertial Confinement for thermonuclear controlled fusion and, more precisely, the Fast Igniter (FI). In this context the knowledge of the generation and transport of fast electrons is crucial. This thesis is an experimental study of the generation and transport of fast electrons in the interaction of a high intensity laser (≥ 1019 W/cm2) with a solid target. The main diagnostic used here is the transition radiation. This radiation depends on the electrons which produce it and thus it gives important information on the electrons: energy, temperature, propagation geometry, etc. The spectral, temporal and spatial analysis permitted to put in evidence the acceleration of periodic electron bunches which, in this case, emit a Coherent Transition Radiation (CTR). During this thesis we have developed some theoretical models in order to explain the experimental results. We find this way two kinds of electron bunches, emitted either at the laser frequency (ω0), either at the double of this frequency (2ω0), involving several acceleration mechanisms: vacuum heating / resonance absorption and vxB, respectively. These bunches are also observed in the PIC simulations. The electron temperature is of about 2 MeV in our experimental conditions. The electrons are emitted starting from a point source (which is the laser focal spot) and then propagate in a ballistic way through the target. In some cases they can be re-injected in the target by the electrostatic field from the target edges. This diagnostic is only sensitive to the coherent relativistic electrons, which explains the weak total energy that they contain (∼few mJ). The CTR signal emitted by those fast electrons is largely dominating the signal emitted by the less energetic electrons, even if they contain the major part of the energy (∼ 1 J)
Ghorbel, Enjie. "Reconnaissance rapide et précise d'actions humaines à partir de caméras RGB-D". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR027/document.
Texto completoThe recent availability of RGB-D cameras has renewed the interest of researchers in the topic of human action recognition. More precisely, several action recognition methods have been proposed based on the novel modalities provided by these cameras, namely, depth maps and skeleton sequences. These approaches have been mainly evaluated in terms of recognition accuracy. This thesis aims to study the issue of fast action recognition from RGB-D cameras. It focuses on proposing an action recognition method realizing a trade-off between accuracy and latency for the purpose of applying it in real-time scenarios. As a first step, we propose a comparative study of recent RGB-D based action recognition methods using the two cited criteria: accuracy of recognition and rapidity of execution. Then, oriented by the conclusions stated thanks to this comparative study, we introduce a novel, fast and accurate human action descriptor called Kinematic Spline Curves (KSC).This latter is based on the cubic spline interpolation of kinematic values. Moreover, fast spatialand temporal normalization are proposed in order to overcome anthropometric variability, orientation variation and rate variability. The experiments carried out on four different benchmarks show the effectiveness of this approach in terms of execution time and accuracy. As a second step, another descriptor is introduced, called Hierarchical Kinematic Covariance(HKC). This latter is proposed in order to solve the issue of fast online action recognition. Since this descriptor does not belong to a Euclidean space, but is an element of the space of Symmetric Positive semi-definite (SPsD) matrices, we adapt kernel classification methods by the introduction of a novel distance called Modified Log-Euclidean, which is inspiredfrom Log-Euclidean distance. This extension allows us to use suitable classifiers to the feature space SPsD of matrices. The experiments prove the efficiency of our method, not only in terms of rapidity of calculation and accuracy, but also in terms of observational latency. These conclusions show that this approach combined with an action segmentation method could be appropriate to online recognition, and consequently, opens up new prospects for future works
Bremin, Sofia. "Rapid evaluation of TV interaction devices using a Cognitive Walkthrough method". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68860.
Texto completoRojo, Mathias. "Formation et transport de poussières dans un plasma basse pression magnétisé". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30296/document.
Texto completoSince the late 1980s, dusty plasmas have been the subject of a large number of studies. Several fields of plasma physics are confronted with the presence of these particles: astrophysics, deposition or etching processes, or controlled thermonuclear fusion plasmas. However, few dusty plasma studies have been reported in low pressure microwave discharges. Fifteen years ago, it was accepted that dust particles cannot be formed in the plasma volume, due to the low probability of recombining reactive species, because of the low density of the gas. At LAPLACE, incandescent dusts are observed in RECR acetylene plasma. The present study aims to provide some answers on the mechanisms related to the formation, transportation and heating of dust particles. This document presents the results obtained during these four years of theses. Chapter 1 briefly introduces the emergence of the topic of dusty plasmas, as well as some important theoretical aspects of multipolar discharges. Chapter 2 details the experimental setup and the different diagnostics used during this study: Langmuir probe, Mach probe, wall probe current and rapid imaging. Chapter 3 details the mechanisms for charging and heating dust. In this part, experimental measurements and a model are coupled to explain the incandescence and to estimate the particles charges. Chapter 4 describes the characterisation of dust transport in acetylene plasma by rapid imaging. In this chapter, we discuss the forces that can be responsible for this transport. Finally, Chapter 5 reviews the results obtained on the plasma-surface interaction, using ex-situ analyzes as well as measurements of wall probe currents
Lhomme-Desages, Damien. "Commande d'un robot mobile rapide à roues non directionnelles sur sol naturel". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812508.
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