Tesis sobre el tema "Interactions écrites"
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Verdier, Pascale. "Interactions verbales entre enfants et conceptualisation en langue écrite". Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05H037.
Texto completoWhat can be the efficiency of interactive situations for the appropriation of written language, in a multilevel class ? In the field of research of French as a mother language, we study the learning of written language by students organized in dyads or larger groups. The theoretical framework is a combination of cognitive and socio-cognitive psychology, also linguistic pragmatics. We refer to the work of Vygotsky and Bruner. (. . . )
Denis, Véronique. "L'interview dans la presse écrite : Une interaction représentée". Rouen, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ROUEL091.
Texto completoParis, Justine. "Lumière sur le développement de la production de langage non-littéral en L2. Pour une comparaison avec l'acquisition des langues maternelles". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA138/document.
Texto completoResearch has shown that non-literalness is pervasive in language and that it is not always an ornamental device (e.g. to invest time in something, to be in love, the leg of a table, etc.). Metaphor permeates our way of thinking (Gibbs, 1995; Gibbs and Tendahl, 2006; Lakoff and Johnson, 1980) and serves a wide variety of discursive functions (Cameron, 2003; Charteris-Black, 2004; Müller, 2008; Steen, 2008, 2011, 2013). In the light of these findings, I propose to examine non-literal language from a second language acquisition perspective, as we know that language learners struggle to develop a successful command of the conceptual and figurative system of their L2 (Andreou and Galantomos, 2009; Irujo, 1986; Cooper, 1999; Danesi, 1992, 1995). Besides, even if recent studies have started to document L2 metaphorical performance (Littlemore et al., 2014; McArthur, 2010; Nacey 2009 and 2013), little is known about the way it actually develops across learning stages. As an attempt to bridge this gap, I propose a comparative study of figurative language development in first and second language acquisition. To get a preliminary picture of the use of non-literal language by native English-speaking children and French learners of English, I analyse the discourse of a young English child aged 1 to 4 using the Forrester Corpus available on the CHILDES database (MacWhinney, 2000), and I investigate essays written by French university students majoring in Arts and learning English as a second language. Then, I propose an L1/L2 comparative study where I analyze semi-guided interactions taking place between native English-speaking children (aged 7, 11 and 15), French learners of English (in their first year of high school, first year of B.A. in English studies and last year of M.A. in English studies), as well as native English-speaking adults. The results of this PhD project revealed many similar aspects in the figurative productions of native English-speaking children and French students. One of the main differences between the two groups is related to the amount of figurative forms produced, which increases across ages in children’s discourse while remaining constant in learners’ discourse. Another important difference is the amount of conventional figurative forms produced; they increase across learning stages in the learner’s production but remain constant in the children’s. Lastly, I observed a large amount of deviant figurative forms in the leaner’s productions, mainly resulting from L1 transfers and lexical overextensions. Taking into account these observations, implications for teaching are presented
Chen, Jiang Nan. "Etude des interactions sol-outil dans le cas du taupage". Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS040.
Texto completoChéreau, Céline. "Interactions entre l'orthographe et la phonologie dans le traitement des mots parlés et écrits". Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05H055.
Texto completoCivard-Racinais, Alexandrine. "Les journalistes de l'information judiciaire écrite et leurs sources judiciaires : interaction et négociation". Paris 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA020044.
Texto completoMedjkoune, Sofiane. "Stratégies de fusion pour des signaux écrits et sonores : application à la reconnaissance d’expressions mathématiques". Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NANT2055.
Texto completoSignificant efforts are being done to make as natural as possible the way that human are interacting with their machines. Regarding this quest, a lot of research is being inspired by the most sophisticated machine ever known : human being and more precisely his use of the multi-modality aspect of the information to interact with his peers. The work reported here concerns the study, the conception and the validation of bidimensional structure recognition systems. The application considered here is the mathematical expression language which is one of the most interesting 2D languages. The system we proposed is original since it uses simultaneously two modalities to achieve its task. Indeed, both speech and handwriting streams are used by our system to perform the recognition in a bimodal fashion. This procedure allows dealing with the ambiguities arising when mono-modal processing is used. This system exploits the existing complementarity between the modalities in concern and exhibits an improvement of the performances with respect to the case of a mono-modal processing using only handwriting modality. To set-up, train and validate our system we built HAMEX, a bimodal database of mathematical expressions. This latter, is formed by 4350 mathematical expressions, each available in handwritten and audio forms and is fully annotated
Ben, Boutayab Nadia. "Interactions des facteurs visuels et lexicaux au cours de la reconnaissance des mots écrits : l'effet de la position du regard". Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/benboutayab_n.
Texto completoThe aim of the present work was to develop a simple mathematical model that takes into account interactions between visual and lexical factors during visuel word recognition in skilled readers. For this, we have extended the model initially proposed by Kajii (Kajii, 2000, see also Nazir et al. , 1991 ; 1998) in order to prdict word recognition (Kajii & Osaka, 2000), but also recognition of pseudowords, as well as the occurrence of different types of errors (lexicalization for pseudowords, incorrect inferences of words, omissions) that are typically observed under non-optimal displays of orthographic stimuli. By decomposing the process that underlies visual word recognition into different components (whole perceptual identification and lexical decision task) that trigger qualitatively different response profiles. The present extension of the model that was initially proposed by Kajii (2000) therefore represents a simple but powerful tool not only for studies of visual word recognition but also allows to better understand processes relied to reading acquisition and diagnose acquired/developmental reading deficits
Bitond, Adrien. "Titrailles, interactions et construction d'un espace public autour de la presse écrite : une analyse ethnosociologique du kiosque à journaux au Cameroun". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL014/document.
Texto completoThe newspaper stall constitutes an environment for daily human interactions. As one passes by the Yaounde and Douala major crossroads, it’s impressive to see the crowds gathered around the newspaper stalls. For many people, it has become a daily appointment for endless debates.The question is: Why do people spend so much of their time around those newspaper stalls? Is it because they are idlers? Or is it because they are truly interested in newspapers?Our thesis dissertation is aimed at analyzing the logics that structure the phenomenon of crowds around the newspaper stalls, and questioning the nature and content of the discussions resulting from peoples’ interactions in those places.From our observations on the field, and from the interviews carried out, it appears that the main reason why people gather around the newspapers stall is their search for information. Because of the economic crisis many people can’t afford to buy a newspaper. Therefore, they are often contempted with reading the titles on the front pages and when possible, gathering supplementary information from those who may have had the privilege to read the articles. Within this framework, spontaneous discussions and debates merge, which give the protagonists the opportunity to say their mind, and thus feel as if they are expressing their right to free speech, which symbolizes democracy and as such stands as a fundamental element in the public space
Galiza, Lorena Inès. "Les erreurs écrites en espagnol L2 en contexte universitaire français : analyse et remédiation". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA035.
Texto completoThis work is about error analysis in Spanish as a second language and is aimed at improving language teaching to non-native learners in the French university system. Based on the study of a corpus of supervised written productions in Spanish from French-speaking specialist students in French universities, we analysed grammatical errors in Spanish in order to create an original typology. By focusing on the lexicon and the spelling, the lexicon and the semantics as well as lexical and morphological typologies of errors, this analysis allowed us to produce a work of etiology, mostly based on the errors of interference and negative transfer caused by the foreign languages already known to our students. So as to help the students deal with these errors and help them improve at their linguistic – and also multilingual – competences, we made didactic suggestions taking into account the goals and skills expected from students necessary to reach the B1 level of CECRL
Esta tesis se inscribe en el seno de la investigación sobre el análisis de errores en español lengua segunda y en un enfoque de enseñanza de la lengua a aprendices no nativos en el marco universitario francés. A partir de un corpus de datos escritos centrados en producciones dirigidas en español de estudiantes francófonos especialistas de la universidad francesa, hemos iniciado un trabajo de análisis de los errores de las categorías gramaticales del español para crear diferentes tipos de ellas. Con el foco puesto en las tipologías de los errores léxico-ortográficos, léxico-semánticos, léxico-sintácticos y léxico-morfológicos, este análisis ha llevado a un trabajo de etiología basado en los errores de interferencia y transferencia negativa de las lenguas conocidas por nuestros informantes, errores más frecuentes. Con miras a una remediación de estos errores para lograr el desarrollo de la competencia linguística incluso plurilingüe de los aprendices, proponemos pistas didácticas teniendo en cuenta los objetivos y las competencias requeridas para que éstos adquieran el nivel B1 del CECRL
Fallous, Ali. "Interactions verbales et messages écrits au sein de la communauté maghrébine vivant en France (les marchés parisiens de Montreuil et de Belleville comme lieu d'enquête)". Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H050.
Texto completoThe intention of this study is to prove if the foreign-talk is distinguisted by phenomenons of borrowing, interaction, switching code, etc; it's doesn't form definitely an obstacle for the communication neither by the foreign community, in this case maghrebin, nor by the reception population: this of France
Hadi-Denoueix, Mandana. "Étude des caractéristiques discursives et sociales de l’écrit numérique : de la communication écrite médiée à la co-construction interactive de l’écrit socio-numérique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3000/document.
Texto completoThis research concerns linguistics, language and culture didactics and information and communication technologies. It considers human and social dimension as being at the heart of the information society; social networking is obviously predominant nowadays and concerns language didactics and French as a foreign language. This empirical research concerns remote mediated writing interactions and aims to explore the special characteristics of this new way of interactive writing which emerges from online interactions. What kind of social and discursive practices social actors implement during remote mediated writing interactions? Based on a double data of written mediated interactions (natural online context and pedagogical online context), our study aims to provide new elements concerning virtual sociodiscursive writing. We are paying particular attention to the different characteristics of virtual mediated writing (linguistics, semio-linguistics, interactional and discursive) social actors are using to act and communicate in a virtual environment. By means of a multidisciplinary approach (speech analysis, conversational analysis based on ethnomethodic and Goffman's interactionism) we have tried to identify the particularities of virtual sociodiscursive writing contributing to better learning
Schaeffer-Lacroix, Eva. "Corpus numériques et production écrite en langue étrangère. Une recherche avec des apprenants d'allemand". Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439095.
Texto completoBernardin, Jacques. "Lire-écrire au CP/CE1 : le rôle de l'activité dans l'évolution des mobiles d'apprendre". Paris 8, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA081010.
Texto completoAll children do not equally give sense to their school attendance, to the subjects they have to learn, as well as to the ways of learning. This research focuses on children whose motives appear to be unclear, weak or absent. The question is : can school experience change their relation to school and to knowledge, although this relation is mostly built from family socialization ? The observation of a group of pupils during the first two years of elementary school shows it is possible, on the condition that the teacher succeeds to involve pupils in relevant cognitive activity, to increase their cognitive awareness, and to promote interactions between individual and collective processes. Literacy is specifically important for the achievement of development (because it requires particular awareness of cognitive and subjective processes), but in fact, every knowledge acquisition takes part in the development of motives. Knowing really makes sense for a child when he feels it makes him share a part of human history, which means that the ways of learning are coherent with an historical filiation. This anthropological approach of learning can be defined as follows : the problematical context in which the concept was historically built up should be reconstituted, so that the pupils become aware of the parallelism with human history ; the identification, by the pupils, of the conceptual difficulty is considered most important, as well as peer-interactions ; language is considered and used as a conceptual operator. This approach is liable to overcome the dichotomy between "doing" and "talking", in which school differenciations and social inequalities are tied
Shen, Hanjiao. "La langue chinoise du cyberespace et l'émergence de l'activité langagière d'interaction écrite synchrone et asynchrone en chinois". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCF003/document.
Texto completoThis paper is interested in the specificities of Chinese cyberlanguage and a new language activity: interactive writing, in the field of Teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. We introduce the phenomenon of Chinese cyberlanguage from the linguistic and cultural angle, which proves to be a vivid and rich linguistic landscape with burst of the neologisms, the néographismes and the landslides of grammar. We discuss the Chinese language of cyberspace in interactive writing through the textual and paratextual analysis for discovering its discursive, pragmatic, interactional and cultural aspects. We discuss also the specificities and the presentations of the virtual identities of the Chinese cybercommunity. The analysis of corpus has a didactic purpose: the emergence of the new activity “interactive writing”, which is the final key of this paper. In light of Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, we have discussed its place in the teaching of languages and its influence on learning, teaching and assessment of teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. Because of the specificity of writing of Chinese language, this activity deserves a profound debate on every aspect of Teaching of Chinese as a foreign language
Fernier, Alexandre. "Couplage multi-échelle pour l'intéraction fluide structure en dynamique rapide". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLY001/document.
Texto completoIn nuclear industry, simulating accidental transient sequences at full reactor scale is becoming an increasingly important feature of the safety demonstration towards national agencies. It thus allows limiting the number of complex and costly experiments, while simplifying and accelerating the evaluation of mitigation strategies. However, the implemented numerical models are inevitably heavy to build and maintain, with a global modelling scale making it difficult to account for local geometric details yet able to significantly influence the physical solution. To provide an answer to these problems, this PhD work is dedicated to multi-model approaches designed to integrate such details into bigger models with no modification at the global level (techniques often designated as numerical zoom techniques). Some methods are proposed for both structures and fluids, with special care given to the accuracy and stability of the coupled multi-scale solution compared to a single-scale reference solution. This work handles two very specific topics, namely its compatibility with numerical features imposed by fast transient dynamics with explicit time integration, and the general objective of simultaneously dealing with superimposed models and fluid-structure interaction
Denis-Noël, Ambre. "Interactions entre langage oral et langage écrit lors du traitement de mots isolés et de phrases : comparaison d'adultes dyslexiques et normo-lecteurs". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0397.
Texto completoThe aim of the present thesis is to examine the interactions between the orthographic and phonological representations in university students with and without dyslexia. These interactions were examined in the spoken and written modalities, both in isolated word and sentence processing. The influence of the orthographic representations on speech processing was examined through the manipulation of the orthographic consistency and by recording the EEG activity, those of the phonological representations during reading was examined through the manipulation of the phonological consistency and by recording eye-movements. The obtained results suggest the existence of bidirectional connections between orthography and phonology influencing language processing in both modalities and in both populations. During isolated word processing, these influences are delayed in adults with dyslexia compared to skilled readers in both modalities. During sentence reading, both populations showed an early influence of phonological representations suggesting the use of compensatory mechanisms in adults with dyslexia. During spoken sentence comprehension, the orthographic representations seem to influence different processing stages in each population: skilled readers seem to rely on these representations when they need to disambiguate the phonological representations; individuals with dyslexia seem to rely on it only when the different representations associated to the target word could be pre-activated by the sentence context. These results are discussed in light of the triangle connectionist model (Harm & Seidenberg, 2004)
Galiatsatou, Fereanthi. "La relation esthétique entre lecteur et texte écrit en langue étrangère facteur décisif de l'apprentissage de la langue". Cergy-Pontoise, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CERG0277.
Texto completoAesthetic, when used for teaching a foreign language, does not refer to a text dimension, but to a relation between the reader and the text produced in a ludic space that is opened by the text, filled by the reactions of the pupils and directed by the teacher. The pupils do a work of reconstruction of the meaning of the text in three phases: production, perception and communication that lead to the fundamental concepts of JAUSS aesthetic of reception. The text enters the reader’s conscience like a real experience and enables him to understand the undertaken work of the text reconstruction. Aesthetic relation does not lie in the search of the meaning of the text, but in its reconstruction by means of the reader’s implication and participation who, helped by his teacher, gives a productive and affective answer to an experienced difference of the text
Caro, Dambreville Stéphane. "Rôle des organisateurs paralinguistiques dans la consultation des documents électroniques". Grenoble 3, 1995. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451634.
Texto completoYoun, Dae Yeong. "Les idées et les mouvements réformistes en Corée et au Vietnam, 1897-1911 : La tradition, le "nouveau savoir"(sinhak ou tân học) à travers les "nouveaux écrits"(sinseo ou tân thu) interactions". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA070004.
Texto completoThe main goal of my research is a detailed understanding of the ideas and actualities of the reformist movements in Vietnam from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. This project is concerned with determining the extent to which a Vietnamese intellectuel phenomenon (the reformist movement) resembled that of other East Asian countries during the same period. Also, I will examine the changes wrought by a new, emergent generation of reform-minded elites who invested themselves in 'New Learning' (tân học). In an attempt to clarify the reasons for the development of a reform-minded idea among traditional elites, it seems appropriate to compare the case of Vietnam with Korea. Initially, independence movements in Korea and Vietnam occupied themselves with the wide diffusion of reformist ideas through 'New Books' (tân thu) originating in China or Japan. From this, elite reformers in Korea an Vietnam had a new sense of group identity, bringing a value for innovation to their collective involvement in politics and political discussion, which resulted from 'new leaming' and the confrontation between these intellectuels and colonial govemments in their countries. Although Korea and Vietnam were both subjected to the deep disruptions of colonization linked to the spread of imperialist ambitions in East Asia, reformist movements in each country evolved differently, each choosing a proper and particular response
Duran, Correa Maria Isabel y Correa Maria Isabel Duran. "Coconstruction du discours écrit d'élèves de l'ÉÉR supportée par l'utilisation des échafaudages du Knowledge Forum". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37802.
Texto completo« En peu de temps, les technologies de l’information et de la communication sont devenues l’un de piliers de la société moderne » (UNESCO, 2004, p.3) et cela entraîne des débats approfondis sur leur intégration au milieu scolaire. Nous nous intéressons à l’apprentissage en réseau en tant que pratique pédagogique novatrice qui répond aux besoins des élèves d’aujourd’hui. Cette recherche se loge sur le forum électronique du projet École Éloignée en Réseau, soit le Knowledge Forum. Des échafaudages insérés au forum supportent les élèves dans le développement de leurs compétences en partant du langage (Wood et al. 1976; Pea, 2004) représenté ici par l’écriture. Ils permettent aux élèves d’identifier la nature de leurs publications, dans le but d’organiser leurs idées et de réfléchir sur les connaissances (Land, 2004) qu’ils coconstruisent à partir des interactions écrites. Cette étude nous amène à nous questionner sur l’utilisation faite des échafaudages et sur la coconstruction du discours explicatif/transformatif supportée par cette utilisation. Notre recherche montre que tous les échafaudages ont été utilisés et que la majorité du temps les élèves choisissent de façon cohérente les échafaudages en lien avec le contenu de leurs publications. En outre, les résultats illustrent d’une part que « Ma théorie » est l’échafaudage le plus populaire, et d’autre part que les échafaudages « Cette théorie ne peut expliquer » et « Une meilleure théorie » commencent à être utilisés par les élèves du primaire. Ces résultats nous amènent à nous intéresser profusément à la place de ces deux échafaudages moins utilisés puisqu’ils sont des indicateurs d’un discours davantage collectif. Notre recherche révèle également que les élèves se sont appuyés sur l’utilisation des échafaudages pour créer des notes afin d’expliquer des informations factuelles ainsi que de brèves explications supportées par des faits, c’est-à-dire qu’ils ont relié les échafaudages aux explications coconstruites.
“In a short time, Information and Communication Technologies have become one of the pillars of modern society” (UNESCO, 2004, p.3) and this entails in-depth debates on their integration into the school environment. We are interested in networked learning as an innovative teaching practice that meets the needs of today's students. This research is based on the electronic forum of the Remote Networked School initiative, the Knowledge Forum. Scaffolds inserted in the forum support students in the development of their skills by using language (Wood et al., 1976, Pea, 2004) in a written form. They allow students to identify the nature of their publications, in order to organize their ideas and to think about knowledge (Land, 2004) that they co-construct from written interactions. This study, therefore, seeks to analyse the use made of scaffolds and the co-construction of the explanation discourse supported by this use. Our research shows that all scaffolds were used and that students consistently choose scaffolds related to the content of their publications. In addition, the results illustrate that "My theory" is the most popular scaffold, and secondly that scaffolds "This theory cannot explain" and "Better theory" are starting to be used by elementary school students, thus engaging into collective knowledge somehow deeper. These results lead us to take a deep interest in the place of these two less used scaffolds. Our research also reveals that students relied on the use of scaffolds to create notes to explain factual information as well as brief explanations supported by facts, which is to say that they linked scaffolds to co-constructed explanation.
“In a short time, Information and Communication Technologies have become one of the pillars of modern society” (UNESCO, 2004, p.3) and this entails in-depth debates on their integration into the school environment. We are interested in networked learning as an innovative teaching practice that meets the needs of today's students. This research is based on the electronic forum of the Remote Networked School initiative, the Knowledge Forum. Scaffolds inserted in the forum support students in the development of their skills by using language (Wood et al., 1976, Pea, 2004) in a written form. They allow students to identify the nature of their publications, in order to organize their ideas and to think about knowledge (Land, 2004) that they co-construct from written interactions. This study, therefore, seeks to analyse the use made of scaffolds and the co-construction of the explanation discourse supported by this use. Our research shows that all scaffolds were used and that students consistently choose scaffolds related to the content of their publications. In addition, the results illustrate that "My theory" is the most popular scaffold, and secondly that scaffolds "This theory cannot explain" and "Better theory" are starting to be used by elementary school students, thus engaging into collective knowledge somehow deeper. These results lead us to take a deep interest in the place of these two less used scaffolds. Our research also reveals that students relied on the use of scaffolds to create notes to explain factual information as well as brief explanations supported by facts, which is to say that they linked scaffolds to co-constructed explanation.
Santorineos, Manthos. "Une approche sur la recherche et l'art à l'époque du numérique à travers l'étude des systèmes artificiels d'organisation de la mémoire humaine : nécessité et proposition d'un outil d'enregistrement et de synthèse des données susceptible de contribuer à la mise en place d'une nouvelle forme de doctorat ("doctorat_machine")". Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180014.
Texto completoTerrat, Hélène. "Apports et limites des TICE dans les apprentissages de la langue chez les élèves handicapés moteurs présentant des troubles associés : utilisation des traces numériques pour favoriser l'apprentissage de la langue écrite". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20039.
Texto completoIn our time, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has become all-pervading in our daily life and allows disabled children more access to the school system, while at the same time drastically changing the way we define the identity and missions of such institution s: ICT tools therefore lead us to question the very foundations of learning and teaching, especially as regards linguistic skills.This study offers a few perspectives on these tools and the possibilities they entail, in order to improve both the assessment of the needs of children with motor disability and associated disorders, in terms of self-esteem, success and autonomy, and the identification and development of strategies for these pupils. Our study first describes, from an ethnographical point of view, the observation and analysis of three videos by three pupils engaged in a course of learning via a digital tracer tool designed especially for the experiment, and the reflexive feedback derived from the traces that were produced. The study then goes on to analyze the results of a survey done with specialized teachers who used our digital tool with a hundred handicapped children. The survey questions users about our initial hypotheses concerning auditory and visual traces, and the tool’s contribution to the development of phonological, morphological and syntactical consciousness, as well as the emergence of metacognition, in order to confirm or disconfirm our observations on the case of the three children mentioned above. For these children with motor disability associated with severe sensory disabilities (linguistic, mnemonic, attention-related) we have privileged, in this tool, vocal feedback as auditory trace, personalization and registering of the work environment, increased reflexivity in the form of a dynamic visual feedback on every action of the child with the help of a “tracer” module, and recording of all events of the history likely to be replayed after the event in a “film” module. A tool used as a means of schooling and learning, Pictop is intended, first and foremost, as an aid to the development of thought contents. This study offers perspectives on new uses of digital traces as an instrument learning and autonomy, especially important for handicapped children, but probably useful to other pupils as well
Francony, Jean Marc. "Modélisation du dialogue et représentation du contexte d'interaction dans une interface de dialogue multi-modes dont l'un des modes est dédié à la langue naturelle écrite". Grenoble 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE21038.
Texto completoThe problems posed by the representation of the interaction context in the dialogue systeme of a multi-modal man-machine interface are art the origin of the aim of this thesis which is a study of a focusing mechanism which. The emphasis is on the anchoring of the focusing mechanism in the intervention surface. In the model we propose, anchorage is expressed at each mode level in terms of a thematic model similar to the one we proposed for natural language in this thesis. This thematic model is based on work by the prague school of formal linguistics whose hypotheses concerning the communicative function have been adopted. The thematic model allows for an utterance to translate its enunciated dynamism into a degree of activation on its knowledge representation. This model has been extended to discourse representation on the basis of a hypothesis concerning textual cohesion (which can be found for instance in anaphorical or elliptical inter-utterance relation). From this point of view, synergy of modes can be expressed as the fusion of representations of modal segments. In the focusing model, cohesion relations are considered as pipes propagating activation. This work is at the origin of the context management system implemented in the project mmi2 (esprit project 2474)
Hadi-Denoueix, Mandana. "Étude des caractéristiques discursives et sociales de l'écrit numérique : de la communication écrite médiée à la co-construction interactive de l'écrit socio-numérique". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955599.
Texto completoModard, Daniel. "Interaction et entraînement à la construction du discours écrit en français langue maternelle et en français langue étrangère : l'apport des nouveaux outils logiciels à l'innovation pédagogique". Rouen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ROUEL123.
Texto completoIn mother tongue French, as in foreign language French, to help the learners to construct a written speech is a necessity. Can the software new tools promote the beginning of a cooperation negociation interpretation processus, both in producing a written statement and in understanding it ? That is the question this research is trying to answer. The purpose of the first section is to recapitulate about a few recent experiments in mother tongue French. The second section proposes, starting from an analysis of twelve software products chosen for their representative quality, a general sampling likely to being used in the written speech construction practise field. The third section produces several written expression and communication situations, in foreign language French courses within a computer assisted practise of the French language. Meeting point between three scopes (sciences of language, didactic and pedagogic information processing), this thesis first intends to be a consideration around the following problematic : educational software for which type of communication competence and for which language activity in written work ?
Baret, Stéphane. "Mécanismes d'invasion de Rubus alceifolius à l'île de la Réunion : interaction entre facteurs écologiques et perturbations naturelles et anthropiques dans la dynamique d'invasion". Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646471.
Texto completoMoreno, Anaïs. "Le discours rapporté dans les intéractions : l'effet de la proximité et des communautés de pratique sur sa construction à l'oral et à l'écrit". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100064/document.
Texto completoP. Koch & W. Œsterreicher's works questioned the spoken/written opposition in terms of a continuum (proximity/distance) beyond graphic or phonic characters of interactions. The communication situation widely influences the construction of the discourse, and it allows for the medium to be overshadowed. From this model, we will deal with the construction of reporteed speech, more specifically with the direct reported speech (DRD) in ordinary written and spoken interactions. DRD is very frequent in these interactions and appears as a centrepiece of the speaker's involvement. He said, I said... punctuate everyday conversations and allow for the introduction of reported utterances.The study of elements and their manifestation in the context of DRD (reporting verbs, discourse particles, punctuation, pauses...) and the framework used to indicate quoted speech, will allow for a more comprehensive understanding of DRD functioning. We will try to give account of the correlation between the choice of the structure, the presence or absence of certain items and the communication situation. To carry out this study, we have built a heterogeneous corpus which consists of several spoken and written interactions with different degrees of proximity (interviews, spontaneous conversations, forum posts, chat, anecdotes Vie de Merde). The aim of this study is to understand the paramaters entering into DRD's variation (appeal and form), beyond the spoken/written opposition
Froger-Olsson, Lise. "Maria Sandel, Moa Martinson, Ellen Key, Elin Wägner, 1910-1940 : leurs écrits sur quatre thèmes : la femme et son corps, la femme et le syndicalisme, la femme face à l'alcoolisme, l'action de la femme dans le domaine du pacifisme : interactions, similitudes, influences : la renommée internationale d'Ellen Key et d'Elin Wägner". Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN1003.
Texto completoOur purpose with this work is to do a socio-historical study of Sweden between 1910 and 1940 , using the writings of four female writers. As theoretical frame for this research, we use Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of field, habitus and dominance relationships. Our material consists in fiction, essays and press articles written by four women : Maria Sandel (1870-1927), Moa Martinson (1890-1964), Ellen Key (1849-1926) and Elin Wägner (1882-1949). The first two writers belong to the literary current of proletarian literature ; they are self-taught women from the working-class. Ellen Key and Elin Wägner belong to the middle and upper classes of society. We focus our analysis on four themes these writers have in common : women and their bodies, women and unionism, women and alcoholism, women and pacifism. We further interest ourselves to the anarchist newspaperman Hinke Bergegren (1861-1936), whose articles regarding birth control connect with our first chapter. This study then deals in a fifth chapter with the reasons for the international renown of Ellen Key and Elin Wägner, with emphasis on the modernity and the visionary quality of their writings. Ellen Key had progressive ideas regarding love, education, decoration and pacifism, which received world-wide audience. Elin Wägner was a pioneer in ecological thinking, linking a deliberately respectful use of earth’s resources to lasting peace. With their writings, both women contributed to the international influence of Sweden
Beucher, Claude. "L'accompagnement de l'écriture de nouvelles et de fables dans l'enseignement primaire et secondaire : étude de pratiques françaises et belges". Toulouse 2, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674635.
Texto completoThe thesis analyses the didactic interactions of six teachers when helping pupils in written narratives. After demonstrating the complexity of learning to write, we explain what specific obstacles emanate from literary genres very present in school : short fictions of fantasy and fables. Our analysis focuses on seven recordings of sequence of writing : two in primary school, two in middle school with the same teacher and three after high school in France and French speaking Belgium. Interviews with teachers aim to make them verbalize their feelings and didactic devices : thus we have talks with learners, we collect the draft and corrected copies. We make a typology of writing supports that the teachers bring to their students to master the art of short fictions, then we use our typology as an analytical tool of practices. This typology is based mainly on concept of scaffolding (Bruner, 1983), on the postures of Bucheton (2008) and on educational intervention sites (Turco 1987 ; Séguy 1989). It allows comparison of real practices with declared practices and to infer models disciplinary in acts (Garcia-Debanc, 2004) to identify the influence of curricula, learners and training course about support on writing
Ferret, Olivier. "ANTHAPSI : un système d'analyse thématique et d'apprentissage de connaissances pragmatiques fondé sur l'amorçage". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00189116.
Texto completoFritsch, Jean-François. "Propagation des ondes dans les guides partiellement enfouis : résolution du problème direct et imagerie par méthode de type échantillonnage". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAE001.
Texto completoThis work is about the non destructive testing of partially buried or immersed slendered structures such as a steel cable partially buried in concrete or a steel plate partially immersed in liquid sodium. Such structures can be seen as the junction of two closed waveguides. In order to perform computing, the open part of the structure is truncated in the transverse direction with PMLs. As a result, a partially buried waveguide can be treated as the junction of two closed waveguides, in one of which the propagation of waves is governed by an equation involving complex coefficients due to the presence of the PMLs. This observation has lead us to tackle first the simpler case of the junction of two closed acoustic waveguides. For this simple case, we have proposed a strategy to solve the inverse problems based on the one hand on the introduction of the so-called reference fields, which are the total field response of the structure without defects to an incident field coming frome both half-guides, and on the other hand on the use of the reciprocity of the Green function of the structure without defect. Following this strategy, we have obtained an efficient modal formulation of the LSM which has enabled us to retrieve defects. In this simple case, we have taken advantage of the completeness of the modes to analyze the forward and inverse problems. The loss of the completeness of the modes in the half-guide truncated in the transverse direction with PMLs has led us to study the forward problem with Kondratiev theory. The tools introduced for the junction of two closed waveguides have been adapted to solve the inverse problem. Finally, we have tackled the more complex, but more realsitic case of an elastic waveguide partially immersed in a fluid. For this difficult case, we have developped adapted computing tools adapted and extended the tools introduced before solving the inverse problem
Le, Bigot Ludovic. "La recherche d'informations avec un système de dialogue en langage naturel". Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT5020.
Texto completoThis study focused on the advantages and disavantages of two different dialogue modes with an artificial system : the spoken and written modes. The purpose was to study the influence exerted by modality on users' verbal behaviour and to interpret the results in the light of the psychological theories which focus on interactive and non-interactive discourse. In the five conducted experiments, the tasks given to the subjects consisted in looking for information by using a real dialogue system and scenarios. All the results suggest that each interaction mode has its own specificities. Text makes the control of activity and task easier to the prejudice of the dialogue component. Speech promotes collaborative behaviours but is constrained by the amount of information to process
Gerin, Murielle. "Co-écriture fille-garçon en symétrie : une ingénierie didactique coopérative pour concrétiser l’égalité des sexes au CP". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN20016.
Texto completoWhilst the equality of rights between women and men seems to be on the way to being achieved, equality in practice does necessarily follow course. Based on sociological work in gender studies, this didactic research is based on the following premise : equality between men and women emerges from a mutual recognition between men and women of their equal power to act. Moreover, a mutual recognition between boys and girls in knowledge, in other words an epistemic boy-girl recognition from an early age and thereafter, favours a mutual recognition between men and women at later ages. The study explores the following question : what didactic conditions are conducive to an epistemic boy-girl recognition in reading and writing? The case studied concerns the writing of a story invented in mixed pairs in first grade. It is analysed from the framework of the theory of joint action in didactics, and is based on work in the philosophy of equality from Fraisse. To understand and improve the practice, this research implemented a methodology of cooperative didactic engineering. The thesis is composed of two parts. The first part presents the epistemological background to the study where the concretisation of gender equality is considered in didactic situations, starting with the epistemic boy-girl recognition. The second part shows the development of the study’s didactic engineering : Boy-girl co-writing, in symmetry, in first grade. Through an internal validation of engineering variables, the study reveals how the professors-searcher group manages to invent a device, the draft-band, which is conducive to the emergence of signs of epistemic recognition of boy-girl writing in first grade
Beucher, Claude. "L'ACCOMPAGNEMENT DE L'ECRITURE DE NOUVELLES ET DE FABLES DANS L'ENSEIGNEMENT PRIMAIRE ET SECONDAIRE. Etudes de pratiques françaises et belges". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674635.
Texto completoMary, Romain. "Améliorer les effets anti-tumoraux des lymphocytes T folliculaires helper (Tfh) en ciblant la communication intercellulaire entre Tfh et Th2". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCI009/document.
Texto completoIt is now accepted that the immune system plays a critical role in cancers evolution (Hanahan et al., 2011). In this context, current understanding of the adaptive immune response made it a prime target. T CD4 cells, the main players of the adaptive immune system component, are known to possess distinct roles in the control of tumour growth. Thereby, Th2 and Tfh cells, both known to activate B cells in pathogenic infections, present antagonistic roles in cancer. Indeed, numerous studies demonstrate that Th2 cells are correlated with disease progression (especially via IL-4 secretion) (Koller et al., 2010 ; Roca et al., 2012), whereas Tfh cells are associated with a good prognosis for the patients (Gu-Trantien et al., 2013, 2017) despite the actual limited amount of available data.Our current researches highlighted a new property of the biology of Tfh cells. We found that Tfh cells are able to express the Hemathopoietic Prostaglandin D2 synthase (HPGDS), an eicosanoid pathway enzyme involved in Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) production. Moreover, different studies revealed that Th2 cells expressed CRTH2, the specific PGD2 receptor. PGD2 is known as a chemoattractant molecule for Th2 cells and lead to the increase of their cytokine secretion. We hypothesized that Tfh communicate with Th2 cells via PGD2 signalling. The present project is focused on the understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in this cross-talk and their impact in cancer. The last aim of this work is to favor the development of PGD2 as a new cancer therapeutic target
Covarrubias, Acosta Sabina. "Pour une écriture multimédia dans la composition musicale". Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080116/document.
Texto completoThe main goal of this work is to solve some of the difficulties that composers encounter when notating music. Firstly, we describe how the Western musical notation (WMN) is limited when attempting to write specific musical elements. Secondly, we show the possible advantages that multimedia writing (MW) could offer on the notation of such elements. To address these issues, we used MW in six “experiments/composition projects” that were conceived to answer specific notation questions. The results obtained thereof allowed us to demonstrate the efficacy of MW for overcoming current limitations in music notation. More specifically, MW constitutes a group of procedures that allows to simultaneously represent information in different ways. This information could be either text, sounds, still or moving images, among others. Such procedures can be used to note down a message to further save it and transfer it from the composer to the performer. In the context of our experimental paradigms, MW has proven to be efficient for: the notation of timber, the integration of musicians from oral tradition in mixed music works, the incorporation of instrumental techniques drawn from oral tradition music into written music, the integration of a tonal language in a music score, the notation of new instrumental and vocal techniques, the guidance at using new software, and the incorporation of expressiveness associated to music styles of oral tradition into written works. We consider that two types of notation that proved to be efficient in this research could be added to the body of already existing MW, namely auditive notation and the notation of a know-how by the means of video
Ertzscheid, Olivier. "Les enjeux cognitifs et stylistiques de l'organisation hypertextuelle : le Lieu, Le Lien, Le Livre". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006260.
Texto completoDans notre premier chapitre, nous faisons d'abord un point sur les effets déjà mesurables de l'organisation hypertextuelle dans le rapport à l'écrit pour isoler les transformations cognitives occasionnées par ce nouveau support, pour isoler également la nouvelle organisation des structures traditionnelles de l'énonciation dans le processus de communication (rapports auteur-lecteur, agencements collectifs d'énonciation). Nous concluons par une typologie des nouveaux genres hypertextuels (liés notamment à l'utilisation de générateurs) et sur le statut littéraire de ces productions.
Notre second chapitre aborde les aspects plus « théoriques » de l'organisation hypertextuelle au travers de l'étude systématique de ses procédés de liaison. Après un état de l'art de la question, nous définissons une typologie englobante des liens hypertextuels prenant en compte leurs aspects informatiques, les structures rhétoriques et formelles qui les sous-tendent et les différents types de rapport entre ces « entités-liens » autorisant à qualifier différentes organisations hypertextuelles. Sur tous ces points, les propositions formulées dans ce travail devront permettre d'améliorer les pratiques de navigation et de réduire certains effets liés (surcharge cognitive, désorientation).
Notre troisième chapitre montre que ce que ces liens révèlent du fonctionnement de la pensée humaine (mode essentiellement associatif) est en train de changer la manière dont les systèmes et les organisations sociales se constituent et se développent, en mettant en place, de manière effective, des artefacts et de processus habituellement implicites et dont l'enjeu sera, pour le chercheur, d'accompagner le passage à l'explicite. Ce dernier chapitre s'appuie sur le dispositif expérimental FoRSIC et l'utilisation qu'il fait de différents types ontologiques, ce dernier étant caractéristique des ces nouveaux rapports au savoir que notre travail essaie de qualifier plus que de quantifier.
Le, Viet Bac. "Reconnaissance automatique de la parole pour des langues peu dotées". Phd thesis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00081061.
Texto completoLa nature statistique des approches nécessite de disposer d'une grande quantité de ressources (vocabulaires, grands corpus de texte, grands corpus de parole, dictionnaires de prononciation) pour le développement d'un système de reconnaissance automatique de la parole continue à grand vocabulaire. Ces ressources ne sont cependant pas disponibles directement pour des langues peu dotées. Par conséquent, une première façon d'accélérer la portabilité des systèmes de reconnaissance vocale vers une nouvelle langue est de développer une méthodologie permettant une collecte rapide et facilitée de ressources écrites et orales. Dans ce travail, nous proposons tout d'abord des solutions pour résoudre les difficultés principales de récupération et de traitement des ressources textuelles spécifiques aux langues peu dotées : recueil d'un vocabulaire, collecte de documents à partir de l'Internet, normalisation de textes, segmentation de textes, filtrage. Une boîte à outils générique « open source » nommée CLIPS-Text-Tk a notamment été développée pour faciliter le portage des outils de traitement de corpus textuels vers une nouvelle langue.
Ensuite, la plus grande partie de notre travail de thèse concerne la construction rapide de modèles acoustiques pour une langue peu dotée. Nous proposons des concepts et des méthodes d'estimation de similarités entre unités phonémiques (phonème, polyphone, groupe de polyphones, ...). Ces mesures de similarité sont ensuite utilisées pour la portabilité et l'adaptation rapide des modèles acoustiques multilingues indépendant et dépendant du contexte vers une nouvelle langue peu dotée. Pour les langues peu dotées qui ne disposent pas encore de dictionnaire phonétique, une modélisation acoustique à base de graphèmes est aussi proposée et évaluée.
Enfin, les ressources écrites et orales collectées pour le vietnamien et le khmer ainsi que les résultats expérimentaux obtenus par nos systèmes de reconnaissance automatique de la parole en vietnamien et en khmer sont présentés et valident le potentiel des méthodes que nous avons proposées.