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Vargas-Hernández, José G. "International Student Collaboration and Experiential Exercise Projects as a Professional, Inter-Personal and Inter-Institutional Networking Platform". International Journal of Technology and Educational Marketing 3, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtem.2013010103.
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There have been an increasing number of international collaboration agreements among universities, college, etc., to promote educative exchange programs, internationalization of teaching, research, and curricula, among other things. This paper has the aim to analyze and to reflect on the experiential exercise from the point of views of instructor and students attending University Center of Economic and Managerial Sciences at University of Guadalajara and participating in the “X-Culture International Student Collaboration Project” as a professional, inter-personal and inter-institutional networking platform.
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Oehri, Myriam. "Civil Society Activism under US Free Trade Agreements: The Effects of Actorness on Decent Work". Politics and Governance 5, n.º 4 (14 de diciembre de 2017): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v5i4.1085.
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US free trade agreements comprise unique provisions that enable civil society to present public complaints against labor rights violations occurring in the US or its trade partners. To date, a variety of complainants have used these mechanisms, including (inter)national trade unions, human rights organizations, and a priest. And yet, little is known about the submissions’ nature of agency and the effects it has on the procedural continuations to address illicit labor practices. To fill this research lacuna, this article employs a multidisciplinary framework of ‘actorness’ that measures the submitters’ diversity (professionalism/non-professionalism, collectivism/individualism, transnationalism/nationalism) and their effectiveness (rejection/acceptance of submissions and further procedural follow-ups). Combining quantitative examination with in-depth analysis of two diverse cases of actorness, and drawing on expert interviews, public reports, and minutes of meetings, the study reveals that the majority of public submissions were of professional, collective, and transnational nature. However, contrary to what extant literature suggests, this is not a guarantee that they achieve more far-reaching procedural steps in the protection of workers. Non-professional, individual, and national actorness can compensate for the advantages of professionalism, collectivism, and transnationalism.
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Jern, Stefan, Pirkko Nieminen y Torleiv Odland. "The Equivalence Framework in Relationship to the Basic Training of Psychologists and Specialization Training: The Nordic Scene". European Psychologist 7, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2002): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//1016-9040.7.3.213.
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This paper describes and compares university education and training, the procedures for licensing, and the specialist training systems for professional psychologists in the Nordic countries of Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The inter-Scandinavian and European regulations and agreements affecting mobility are presented. The systems presented are compared to each other, and a discussion follows on the following topics: What is the relationship between generic and specialized training? Will it be possible in the future for these countries to mutually recognize their different specialization educational programs? How specialized should further education be?
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Sikorska, Victoria. "BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TRANSLATING OFFICIAL-BUSINESS STYLE TEXTS". PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, n.º 41 (2022): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2022.41.16.
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oday, in the age of scientific and technological progress, official business language plays an increasingly important role in human life: exchange of information, business correspondence between enterprises and institutions, Professional contacts of specialists of different countries became an integral part of production, political, scientific and socio-cultural activitiesOfficial-business style is used in the sphere of inter-state official-business relations in the field of politics, economy, culture. It regulates the official-business relations of international organizations, structures, individuals through conventions (international agreements), notes (communications), protocols, memoranda, treaties, declarations, etc. That is, documents with a high level of standardization. Due to the extreme importance of diplomatic discourse for ensuring successful international, intercultural contacts, the problem of equivalence and adequacy of translation of international documents is an urgent research task.
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Kolodіnskyi, Serhii, Oleksii Hutsaliuk y Serhii Kramskyi. "Management of inter-firm cooperative relations for the exchange of innovations by enterprises of Ukraine". Electronic Scientific Journal Intellectualization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management #1 2020 1, n.º 15 (octubre de 2022): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46783/smart-scm/2022-15-4.
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The article deals with issues of development and introduction of innovative developments by Ukrainian enterprises. The categories "innovation" and "innovation process" are defined, the categorical features of economic indicators are indicated. The content of interfirm cooperative relations between enterprises regarding the transfer of innovative products is given. Definitions of the most significant and promising innovative products in the practical activity of manufacturing enterprises are given, which primarily include intellectual property objects, namely inventions, patents, know-how, trademarks and industrial designs. Along with material products, scientific and technical services are becoming especially widespread. The role of the latter is growing together with the transfer of technologies, which are practically tied to services of this kind, such as engineering, outsourcing, consulting and a complex of services before and after the sale of innovative products. The management of inter-company cooperative relations includes a number of such types of intellectual relations between specialists and manufacturers as scientific conferences, exhibitions, fairs, forums, personal professional contacts for the purpose of transferring knowledge, experience and joint developments in various research and design works . Such close cooperation of scientists and practitioners allows to produce high-tech products of various levels of complexity and to use a special technology transfer mechanism, which is the conclusion of license agreements. Licenses allow, on mutually beneficial terms, to use the achievements of scientific and technical progress and to attract a large number of interested parties both in the field of science and in the fields related to the application of scientific and technical developments in production into inter-company cooperative relations.
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Kispal, Gabriella. "EXAMINATION OF ADAPTING THE CONTRACTUAL SYSTEM IN THE HUNGARIAN WINE SECTOR". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, n.º 2 (26 de junio de 2017): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1168.
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On a world scale, a huge concentration could be observed in viticulture and wine production during the last few decades. According to Kym Anderson [2003] the development of global wine market may be put at the 1990s. In the traditional European wine producing countries collaborations and integrations, as conditions for the safe operation of the sector, had been formed some decades before. Cooperation is necessary, because in many cases, only it can solve or mitigate the issues from global challenges. In our times assertion of interests and minimizing costs are becoming increasingly important, in which different forms of cooperation can provide great help. This study is intended to show what kind of collaborations can be noticed in the wine production of Hungary, and which form of cooperation could be the best one to manage the current professional issues. It examines how to adapt the basic principles of integrations that have achieved success abroad. The topicality of this matter is strengthened by the fact that Zsolt Feldman [2016] ranks the elaboration of inter-trade agreements, which can be the first step of cooperation by all means, amongst the most important tasks of the sector based on the FM-HNT partnership.
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Kjellberg, Inger y Stefan Szücs. "Pursuing collaborative advantage in Swedish care for older people: stakeholders' views on trust". Journal of Integrated Care 28, n.º 3 (18 de abril de 2020): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jica-01-2020-0001.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore stakeholder views on the policy of integrated health and social care for older people with complex needs in Sweden and the issue of trust in implementing the policy.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a qualitative interview design and interviews with nine strategically selected stakeholders. A thematic analysis focused on trust, as defined in the theory of collaborative advantage, was used.FindingsThis study of health and social care exposed a lack of trust on political, strategic and inter-professional levels. Two opposing lines of argument were identified in the interviews. One advocated a single government authority for health and social care. The other was in accordance with recently implemented national policies, which entailed more collaboration between local government authorities, obliging them to make joint local agreements. The Swedish experience is discussed in an international context, examining the need for collaboration in integrated care services for older people.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the findings are important for the current adjustment in health and social care for older people, the number of interviewees are limited. Future studies will include more regions and longitudinal studies.Originality/valueSweden is currently undergoing an extensive adjustment in line with recent national government policy which involves more primary health care and a corresponding reduction in the number of hospital beds. The restructuring of the care system for older people with complex needs is a paradox, as it simultaneously increases the need for centralisation while also increasing coordination and collaboration on a local basis.
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Kedia, Yuliia. "Work of collaboration in the creation of literary works under the legislation of Ukraine and France". Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property, n.º 6 (16 de junio de 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33731/62020.233885.
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Kedya Y. Work of collaboration in the creation of literary works under the legislation of Ukraine and France. This article highlights particular legal frameworks, definition and practice of applicability of co-authorship (works done in collaboration) by publishers and co-authors. In addition, we will cover the differences between the co-authorship upon creation of a work and collective works. The analysis is based, inter alia, on comparison of French Ukrainian laws, thus, giving an opportunityto crystalize particular shortcomings and advantages of set forth by Ukrainian laws related to above matters.The research formulates a comprehensive overview of the defining and basic rulesof co-authorship, comparative analysis of (a) collective works with (b) works of collaboration,as well as analysis of shortcomings and advantages set forth by Ukrainianlaws. The author reviews and analyzes main provisions in Ukrainian legislation, suggestspossible solutions of the main problems, deliberates ways of laws developmentin future. The paper is based on author’s professional experience.Main conclusions of comparative analysis of legal regulation definition of co-authorship definition in Ukraine and France are as follows:
•According to Intellectual Property Code of France only physical persons may be considered co-authors, including literary works. At the same time, Ukrainian law is silent on this matter. It must be noted that according to the Law of Ukraine «On Copyright and Related Rights» (the «Copyright Law»), co-authors are persons whose joint work creates a literary work. At the same time, the definition given to the author by said law limits creative participation to physical person;•The Copyright Law defines the concept and set forth the pre-conditions for co-authorship. However, unlike the French Code of Intellectual Property (Article L113-2), no due attention has been paid to the concept of a collective work. The authors believe that it is advisable to supplement Article 19 of the Copyright Law by (i) the definition of a collective work and (ii) to distinguish between the concepts of a composite work and a collective work;•It is necessary to harmonize the conclusion of an agreement between co-authors in the Civil Code of Ukraine and the Copyright Law;•Research uncovered certain flaws in the conclusion of agreements between co-authorson creation of a collective work;•Examining the Intellectual Property Code of France was helpful for finding the difference between collective works and co-authorship of a particular work.Key words: work of collaboration, composite work, collective work, copyright, intellectual rights, literary work
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Manos, Daria, David A. Petrie, Robert C. Beveridge, Stephen Walter y James Ducharme. "Inter-observer agreement using the Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale". CJEM 4, n.º 01 (enero de 2002): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500006023.
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ABSTRACTObjective:To determine the inter-observer agreement on triage assignment by first-time users with diverse training and background using the Canadian Emergency Department Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS).Methods:Twenty emergency care providers (5 physicians, 5 nurses, 5 Basic Life Support paramedics and 5 Advanced Life Support paramedics) at a large urban teaching hospital participated in the study. Observers used the 5-level CTAS to independently assign triage levels for 42 case scenarios abstracted from actual emergency department patient presentations. Case scenarios consisted of vital signs, mode of arrival, presenting complaint and verbatim triage nursing notes. Participants were not given any specific training on the scale, although a detailed one-page summary was included with each questionnaire. Kappa values with quadratic weights were used to measure agreement for the study group as a whole and for each profession.Results:For the 41 case scenarios analyzed, the overall agreement was significant (quadratic-weighted κ = 0.77, 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.78). For all observers, modal agreement within one triage level was 94.9%. Exact modal agreement was 63.4%. Agreement varied by triage level and was highest for Level I (most urgent). A reasonably high level of intra- and inter-professional agreement was also seen.Conclusions:Despite minimal experience with the CTAS, inter-observer agreement among emergency care providers with different backgrounds was significant.
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Strike, Karen, Anthony KC Chan, Monica R. Maly, Nina Stein, Lynne Farrell y Patricia Solomon. "Point of care ultrasonography in patients with haemophilia and acute haemarthrosis: a physiotherapist and sonographer inter-professional agreement pilot study". Journal of Haemophilia Practice 9, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jhp-2022-0008.
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Abstract Background Haemophilia treatment centres (HTCs) around the world are increasingly adopting point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) for the assessment of acute haemarthrosis and to monitor joint health. POCUS is in large part administered by physiotherapists in most comprehensive care teams. Appropriate implementation of haemophilia-specific POCUS requires an educational foundation and training to ensure competency and optimal outcomes. Inter-professional agreement and evaluation of image quality are important measures of competency and acceptable use of POCUS. Aims To determine the level of agreement between physiotherapist and sonographer-performed POCUS scans and to compare the quality of the ultrasound images obtained by physiotherapists to those obtained by the sonographer. Methods This single blind, prospective, pilot study recruited patients with haemophilia A and B who presented to clinic with a suspected acute haemarthrosis of the elbow, knee, or ankle and consented to participate. POCUS scans were performed by one trained physiotherapist and one sonographer in the haemophilia ambulatory clinic at patient presentation, one-week follow-up, and two-week follow-up. The physiotherapist participated in formal training consisting of 12 hours of online didactic modules and a two-day, 12-hour practical module with instructor-led hands-on training. For the primary objective, the outcome of interest was the binary decision on the presence or absence of blood within the joint. For the secondary objective, image quality was evaluated by the radiologist post hoc and rated as optimal, acceptable, or sub-optimal. Results Thirteen participants with haemophilia consented to the study. The results indicated an excellent level of agreement (k=0.80) with an observed agreement of 91.7%, a specific positive agreement of 94.1%, and a specific negative agreement of 85.7% for the detection of blood within the joint space. The quality of the ultrasound images obtained by the physiotherapist were rated by the radiologist as optimal (84.6%) and acceptable (15.4%). None of the images were rated as sub-optimal. Conclusion Optimal image quality and a high level of agreement between the physiotherapist and sonographer-performed POCUS for the assessment of acute hemarthrosis in people with haemophilia A and B was observed. These results suggest that, with a short formal training programme, physiotherapists can be proficient in the performance, acquisition, and interpretation of POCUS scans in patients with haemophilia.
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Paul, Jennifer, Christy M. Boraas, Mildred Duvet y Judy C. Chang. "YouTube and the single-rod contraceptive implant: a content analysis". Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care 43, n.º 3 (20 de enero de 2017): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jfprhc-2016-101593.
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BackgroundSince the internet has become an important source of contraceptive information with YouTube.com as the second most visited site, we analysed contraceptive implant YouTube videos for content and clinical accuracy.MethodsUsing the terms ‘contraceptive implant’, ‘Nexplanon’ and ‘Implanon’, the top 20 results on YouTube by relevance and view count were identified. After excluding duplicates, single-rod implant videos in English were included. Videos were classified as providing a professional or patient perspective. Views, duration and comments were noted. Videos were rated for reliability, global quality scale and whether they were positive or negative about the implant. Inter-rater agreement was measured.ResultsA total of 120 videos were retrieved; 52 were eligible for review. Less than 23% were professional videos; the majority reported patient experience (46% testimonials, 27% real-time procedure videos, 4% other). Patient videos had been posted a significantly longer duration of time than professional videos (364 vs 188 days,p=0.02), were less reliable (p≤0.0001) and were of lower global quality (p<0.0001). Some 61% of implant testimonial videos were rated as ‘positive experiences’ and inter-rater agreement was very good (κ=0.81). All testimonials mentioned side effects, commonly irregular bleeding and discomfort with insertion. A minority (26%) reported misinformation.ConclusionsThis study found that most of the information on YouTube pertaining to contraceptive implants is accurate, is presented from the patient's perspective, and promotes the method's use.
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Ascenzi, Giampiero, Cristoforo Filetti, Valter Di Salvo, F. Javier Nuñez, Luis Suarez-Arrones, Bruno Ruscello, Fabio Massimo Francioni y Alberto Mendez Villanueva. "Inter-limb asymmetry in youth elite soccer players: Effect of loading conditions". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 6 (24 de junio de 2022): e0269695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269695.
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The presence of inter-limb asymmetries can influence strength performance and represent an injury risk factor for team sport athletes. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of changes in resistance loads using different assessment modalities on the magnitude and the direction of inter-limb asymmetry within the same leg. Fifteen young elite soccer players from the same professional academy performed rear-foot-elevated-split-squat-test at different loading conditions (body mass with no overload, 25% of body mass, 50% of body mass 50%), isokinetic knee flexor (concentric 30°·s-1, concentric 60°·s-1, eccentric 90°·s-1) and extensor (concentric 60°·s-1, eccentric 60°·s-1). The outcomes from the agreement analyses suggested moderate level agreement between body mass vs body mass 25% (Kappa = 0.46), with no agreement or fair agreement for the other between-assessment comparison. Our results demonstrated that the magnitude and direction of within-limb strength imbalances were inconsistent when compared within the same assessment under different resistance load conditions.
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Vandenplas, Yvan, Eva Carvajal, Stefaan Peeters, Nadine Balduck, Yesra Jaddioui, Carmen Ribes-Koninckx y Koen Huysentruyt. "The Cow’s Milk-Related Symptom Score (CoMiSSTM): Health Care Professional and Parent and Day-to-Day Variability". Nutrients 12, n.º 2 (9 de febrero de 2020): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020438.
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The Cow’s Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSSTM) was created as an awareness tool for cow’s milk allergy. The aim of the present study was to analyze the inter-rater variability between a pediatrician, parents, and day to day variability. A Health Care Professional (HCP) and parent filled in the CoMiSS independently and blinded for each other to evaluate inter-rater variability. In order to validate day-to-day variability, a parent filled in the CoMiSS during 3 consecutive days and was compared to the CoMiSS scored by the HCP. The absolute agreement between parent and HCP was 75%, and 92.6% and 100% with a tolerance of 0, 1, and 2 points, respectively, resulting in excellent agreement with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.981 (95% Confidence Interval 0.974–0.986, p < 0.001). Day-to-day variability during 3 consecutive days resulted in an absolute agreement of 30%, increasing to 80% and 88.6% when 2 and 3 points, respectively, were accepted. The ICC was excellent for the parental prospective scores (0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.96; p < 0.001). Day-to-day variability indicates that CoMiSS has a moderate inter-rater reliability. A very low variability was observed when scored prospectively over three days. Data suggest that the CoMiSS can reliably be scored by parents without additional training.
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Thoomes-de Graaf, M., G. G. M. Scholten-Peeters, E. Duijn, Y. H. J. M. Karel, M. P. J. van den Borne, A. Beumer, R. P. G. Ottenheijm et al. "Inter-professional agreement of ultrasound-based diagnoses in patients with shoulder pain between physical therapists and radiologists in the Netherlands". Manual Therapy 19, n.º 5 (octubre de 2014): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2014.04.018.
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Isaksen, Trond, Y. I. G. Vladimir Tichelaar, Finn E. Skjeldestad, Ellen E. Brodin, Anders Vik, Kulbir Singh y John-Bjarne Hansen. "Inter-rater agreement between professional-rated and patient-rated scores of the Villalta scale for evaluation of the post-thrombotic syndrome". Thrombosis Research 141 (mayo de 2016): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2016.03.027.
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Schmitz, Matthew, Scott McKay y Neeraj Patel. "Poster 121: Inter- and Intra-Observer Agreement are Unsatisfactory when Determining Study Design and Level of Evidence". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, n.º 7_suppl5 (1 de julio de 2022): 2325967121S0068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00682.
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Objectives: Understanding differences between types of study design (SD) and level of evidence (LOE) are important when selecting research for presentation or publication and determining its potential clinical impact. The purpose of this study was to evaluate inter- and intra-observer reliability when assigning LOE and SD as well as quantify the impact of a commonly used reference aid on these assessments. Methods: Thirty-six accepted abstracts from the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) 2021 annual meeting were selected for this study. Thirteen reviewers from the POSNA Evidence Based Practice Committee were asked to determine LOE and SD for each abstract, first without any assistance or resources. Four weeks later, abstracts were reviewed again with the guidance of the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS) LOE chart, which is adapted from the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Inter- and intra-observer reliability were calculated using Fleiss’ kappa statistic (k). Chi-square analysis was used to compare the rate of SD-LOE mismatch between the first and second round of reviews. Results: Inter-observer reliability for LOE improved slightly from fair (k=0.28) to moderate (k=0.43) with use of the JBJS chart. There was better agreement with increasing LOE, with the most frequent disagreement between levels 3 and 4. Inter-observer reliability for SD was fair for both rounds 1 (k=0.29) and 2 (k=0.37). Similar to LOE, there was better agreement with stronger study design. The most common disagreements were between retrospective cohort, retrospective case-control, and case series. Intra-observer reliability was widely variable for both LOE and SD (k=0.10 to 0.92 for both). When matching a selected SD to its associated LOE, the overall rate of correct concordance was 82% in round 1 and 92% in round 2 (p<0.001). Six of the 13 respondents improved in round 2, and 3 were 100% correct both times. Conclusions: Inter-observer reliability for LOE and SD was fair to moderate at best, even among experienced reviewers. Use of the JBJS/Oxford chart mildly improved agreement on LOE and resulted in less SD-LOE mismatch, but did not affect agreement on SD. Professional societies and journals may consider requiring more specific information on SD from authors, while authors and reviewers may benefit from improved instruments to guide SD and LOE designation.
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McLoughlin, Alison, Philippa Olive y Catherine Elizabeth Lightbody. "Reliability of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale". British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 18, Sup5 (1 de octubre de 2022): S3—S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjnn.2022.18.sup5.s3.
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Background: The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is widely used to measure stroke deficits and is deemed to be reliable when used by a range of professionals. Aims: This study aimed to establish the inter-rater reliability of the NIHSS when completed via telemedicine. Secondary aims were to explore if professional group, length of time since training and/or re-certification, frequency of use and reason for using the NIHSS influenced the inter-rater reliability. Methods: A total of 30 video clips, the equivalent of two whole patient assessments for each of the 15 NIHSS items, were analysed by a range of NIHSS-certified clinical participants. Of these, 10 were nurses and five were consultants. Kappa statistics were used to calculate the inter-rater reliability for each item, with additional data on the range of agreement of items. Data across group characteristics were compared to test hypotheses about factors that could impact reliability. Findings: Overall, the inter-rater reliability was found to be lower than anticipated, and there was a wide variation in ratings. Consultants tended to score better than nurses, and, counter-intuitively, stroke specialist staff and those who used the NIHSS more frequently tended to have poorer reliability than their counterparts. Total agreement on score was only achieved in five out of the 30 video clips (16.6%), with agreement better at either end of the scoring range (i.e. no deficit or worst deficit). These findings indicate that reliability of the NIHSS may be lower than anticipated. Conclusion: Further research is needed to better understand the poor reliability of the NIHSS, as this has implications for care decisions and patient outcomes.
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Milan, Marta, Lucia Sarolo, Elena Callegari, Valentina Vedovetto, Sabina Villalta y Paolo Prandoni. "High rate of inter-observer agreement between professional-rated scores of the Villalta scale for the assessment of the post-thrombotic syndrome". Thrombosis Research 144 (agosto de 2016): 182–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2016.06.032.
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Valetopoulos, Freiderikos. "Les apprenants prennent la parole : analyse des procedes de cohesion utilises dans le cadre d’une interview avec des locuteurs natifs". Neofilolog, n.º 56/1 (31 de marzo de 2021): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2021.56.1.7.
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The aim of this paper is to explore the strategies used by B1 learners of French as a Foreign Language to construct their discourse and achieve cohesion during an interview with native speakers. The results of this analysis will highlight the characteristics of the development of oral competences. According to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, B1 learners can communicate with some confidence on familiar routine and non-routine matters related to their interests and professional field. In an interview task, learners are able to take some initiatives but are very dependent on the interviewer in the interaction. Learners should also be able to use a prepared questionnaire to carry out a structured interview, with some spontaneous follow up questions. The corpus analysis indicated certain strategies expressing inter-sentential and inter-sequential cohesion, such as use of discourse markers (et, donc) or markers of agreement (d’accord).
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Salway, Sarah, Edanur Yazici, Nasaim Khan, Parveen Ali, Frances Elmslie, Julia Thompson y Nadeem Qureshi. "How should health policy and practice respond to the increased genetic risk associated with close relative marriage? results of a UK Delphi consensus building exercise". BMJ Open 9, n.º 7 (julio de 2019): e028928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028928.
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Objectives(1) To explore professional and lay stakeholder views on the design and delivery of services in the area of consanguinity and genetic risk. (2) To identify principles on which there is sufficient consensus to warrant inclusion in a national guidance document. (3) To highlight differences of opinion that necessitate dialogue. (4) To identify areas where further research or development work is needed to inform practical service approaches.DesignDelphi exercise. Three rounds and one consensus conference.SettingUK, national, web-based and face-to-face.ParticipantsRecruitment via email distribution lists and professional networks. 42 participants with varied professional and demographic backgrounds contributed to at least one round of the exercise. 29 people participated in statement ranking across both rounds 2 and 3.ResultsOver 700 individual statements were generated in round 1 and consolidated into 193 unique statements for ranking in round 2, with 60% achieving 80% or higher agreement. In round 3, 74% of statements achieved 80% or higher agreement. Consensus conference discussions resulted in a final set of 148 agreed statements, providing direction for both policy-makers and healthcare professionals. 13 general principles were agreed, with over 90% agreement on 12 of these. Remaining statements were organised into nine themes: national level leadership and coordination, local level leadership and coordination, training and competencies for healthcare and other professionals, genetic services, genetic literacy, primary care, referrals and coordination, monitoring and evaluation and research. Next steps and working groups were also identified.ConclusionsThere is high agreement among UK stakeholders on the general principles that should shape policy and practice responses in this area: equity of access, cultural competence, coordinated inter-agency working, co-design and empowerment and embedded evaluation. The need for strong national leadership to ensure more efficient sharing of knowledge and promotion of more equitable and consistent responses across the country is emphasised.
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Ramirez, A., L. Ekselius y M. Ramklint. "Axis V – Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), further evaluation of the self-report version". European Psychiatry 23, n.º 8 (diciembre de 2008): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.05.001.
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AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to examine agreement between patients' and professional staff members' ratings on the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF).MethodsA total of 191 young adult psychiatric outpatients were included in a naturalistic, longitudinal study. Axis I and axis II disorders were assessed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Before and after treatment, patients and trained staff members did a GAF rating. Agreement between GAF ratings was analyzed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe overall intra-class correlation coefficients before and after treatment were 0.65 and 0.86, respectively. Agreement in different axis I diagnostic groups varied, but was generally lower before treatment as compared to after treatment (0.50–0.66 and 0.78–0.90, respectively). Excessive psychiatric co-morbidity was associated with the lowest inter-rater reliability. Agreement, with respect to change in GAF scores during treatment, was good to excellent in all groups.ConclusionOverall, agreement between patients' and professionals' ratings on the GAF scale was good before and excellent after treatment. The results support the usefulness of the self-report GAF instrument for measuring outcome in psychiatric care. However, more research is needed about the difficulties in rating severely disordered patients.
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Stebel, Adam, Wanda Urbanová, Irena Klimova, Andrzej Brudnicki, Ivana Dubovska, Petra Polackova, Daniela Kroupová, Magdalena Koťová y Piotr S. Fudalej. "The Slavcleft: a three-center study of the outcome of treatment of cleft lip and palate. Nasolabial appearance". PeerJ 9 (9 de febrero de 2021): e10631. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10631.
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Background There is a multitude of protocols of treatment of cleft lip and palate (CLP) worldwide differing in number of operations, surgical techniques, and timings of surgeries. Despite, facial appearance in subjects with CLP is rarely ideal and residual stigmata are easy to notice in many patients irrespective of the protocol. The prospective controlled investigations are optimal for comparing effectiveness of treatment protocols. Because prospective studies are very challenging to perform in CLP field, it is reasonable to retrospectively assess different surgical protocols to identify the promising ones and then to test them in a prospective way. Methods Our objective was to assess the nasolabial appearance in a preadolescent Slavic population with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) by using the 0–200 numeric scale with reference photographs. Patients treated in Warsaw, Poland (n = 32), Prague, Czech Republic (n = 26) and Bratislava, Slovakia (n = 17) were included in this retrospective study. Each cleft center used a unique surgical protocol. Two panels of professional raters (n = 7) and laypeople (n = 10) scored blindly the nasolabial esthetics on cropped frontal and profile images with cropped reference photograph present on the same slide. Intra- and inter-rater agreement was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha, intraclass correlation coefficients, t-tests, and Bland–Altman plots. Inter-group differences were evaluated with one-way ANOVA and regression analysis. Results The agreement within and between raters was acceptable. We found that patients treated in Warsaw, Prague, and Bratislava showed comparable nasolabial appearance on frontal and profile photographs when judged by both professional raters (p > 0.05) and laypeople (p > 0.05). Regression analysis did not identify influence of gender, group (i.e., Warsaw, Prague, and Bratislava), age at lip repair, surgeon, and age at photographic assessment on esthetic outcome (p > 0.05). Conclusion This study showed that none of the surgical protocols showed superiority to produce good nasolabial appearance.
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Carlos Sousa, António, Diogo Luís Marques, António Manuel Calado, Carlos Pacheco, Daniel Almeida Marinho, Mário Cardoso Marques y Bruno Filipe Travassos. "Validity and Reliability of the Smart Groin Trainer for Measuring Hip Adduction Strength". Journal of Human Kinetics 82, n.º 1 (15 de abril de 2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0029.
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Abstract We analyzed the Smart Groin Trainer device's validity and reliability to measure the isometric hip adduction strength during the adductor squeeze strength test. Fifteen professional soccer players (25.33±4.06 years) and fifteen university students (21.60±1.76 years) participated in this study. All participants performed the squeeze strength test using two portable dynamometers: Smart Groin Trainer and Globus Ergometer. Three maximal isometric hip adduction contractions lasting 5s, interspersed by 3min rest intervals, were performed. Reliability was analyzed with intraclass correlation coefficients, standard error of measurements, and minimal detectable change. The absolute percent error and inter-device accuracy were also analyzed. Correlation analysis assessed the inter-device concurrent validity. The results found no significant differences (p>0.05) between devices in the squeeze strength test values in soccer players and university students. Inter-device comparisons revealed excellent levels of reliability and accuracy in soccer players. Concurrent validity measures revealed strong inter-device relationships in soccer players (r=0.89) and very strong relationships in university students (r=0.99). Intra-device analysis using the Smart Groin Trainer showed excellent relative and absolute reliability in tested soccer players. Our data demonstrated excellent levels of agreement between both dynamometers during the squeeze strength test, suggesting the Smart Groin Trainer as a valid, reliable, and accurate device to measure isometric hip adduction strength.
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Hamzaid, Nur Hana, Adlina Zainal Abidin, Woan Yin Tan y Mohd Shah Kamarudin. "VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF CIDDIE KIT©, A DIETARY ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY". Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 22, n.º 3 (21 de diciembre de 2022): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.22/no.3/art.1338.
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Nutritional status of people with intellectual disability (PWID) is always at risk and developing a dietary assessment tool is important. This study aims to test reliability (inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability) and comparable validity (limit of agreement against a multiple pass 24-hour diet recall recorded by a professional dietitian) of a recently developed dietary assessment kit, CIDDIE Kit©, that specialised for a more dependent group of PWID, focusing on preschool aged children. The CIDDIE Kit© was given to 26 parents or caretakers of children with intellectual disabilities (ID) registered with three selected Community Based Rehabilitation Centre in the Klang Valley area. Each subject was asked to complete two sets of CIDDIE Kit© in a two-week interval session. Meanwhile, a certified dietitian conducted a 24-Hour Diet Recall among the same 26 subjects. The validity and reliability of CIDDIE Kit© were analysed using Bland-Altman method, percentage of correctly classified quartile, Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) value and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. For comparable validity test, the estimated intake from CIDDIE Kit© and Multiple Pass 24-Hour Diet Recall were considerably in agreement to each other. The test-retest reliability analysis showed significant high similarity (p < 0.001) between the estimated intake from both phases of CIDDIE Kit© where the ICC value ranged approximately 0.9 (R = 0.889 - 0.930). The inter-rater reliability analysis was significantly positive (p < 0.001) and strong correlation (indicating internal consistency), r (0.706 – 0.853). The specially designed CIDDIE Kit© can provide a considerably valid and reliable assessment.
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Yang, Ling-Yu, Ying-Ying Yang, Chia-Chang Huang, Jen-Feng Liang, Fa-Yauh Lee, Hao-Min Cheng, Chin-Chou Huang y Shou-Yen Kao. "Simulation-based inter-professional education to improve attitudes towards collaborative practice: a prospective comparative pilot study in a Chinese medical centre". BMJ Open 7, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2017): e015105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015105.
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ObjectivesInter-professional education (IPE) builds inter-professional collaboration (IPC) attitude/skills of health professionals. This interventional IPE programme evaluates whether benchmarking sharing can successfully cultivate seed instructors responsible for improving their team members’ IPC attitudes.DesignProspective, pre-post comparative cross-sectional pilot study.Setting/participantsThirty four physicians, 30 nurses and 24 pharmacists, who volunteered to be trained as seed instructors participated in 3.5-hour preparation and 3.5-hour simulation courses. Then, participants (n=88) drew lots to decide 44 presenters, half of each profession, who needed to prepare IPC benchmarking and formed Group 1. The remaining participants formed Group 2 (regular). Facilitators rated the Group 1 participants’ degree of appropriate transfer and sustainable practice of the learnt IPC skills in the workplace according to successful IPC examples in their benchmarking sharing.ResultsFor the three professions, improvement in IPC attitude was identified by sequential increase in the post-course (second month, T2) and end-of-study (third month, T3) Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS) and Attitudes Towards Healthcare Teams Scale (ATHCTS) scores, compared with pre-course (first month, T1) scores. By IEPS and ATHCTS-based assessment, the degree of sequential improvements in IPC attitude was found to be higher among nurses and pharmacists than in physicians. In benchmarking sharing, the facilitators’ agreement about the degree of participants’appropriate transfer and sustainable practice learnt ‘communication and teamwork’ skills in the workplace were significantly higher among pharmacists and nurses than among physicians. The post-intervention random sampling survey (sixth month, Tpost) found that the IPC attitude of the three professions improved after on-site IPC skill promotion by new programme-trained seed instructors within teams.ConclusionsAddition of benchmark sharing to a diamond-based IPE simulation programme enhances participants’ IPC attitudes, self-reflection, workplace transfer and practice of the learnt skills. Furthermore, IPC promotion within teams by newly trained seed instructors improved the IPC attitudes across all three professions.
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Phelan, Michael, Mike Slade, Graham Thornicroft, Graham Dunn, Frank Holloway, Til Wykes, Geraldine Strathdee, Linda Loftus, Paul McCrone y Peter Hayward. "The Camberwell Assessment of Need: The Validity and Reliability of an Instrument to Assess the Needs of People with Severe Mental Illness". British Journal of Psychiatry 167, n.º 5 (noviembre de 1995): 589–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.5.589.
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BackgroundPeople with severe mental illness often have a complex mixture of clinical and social needs. The Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN) is a new instrument which has been designed to provide a comprehensive assessment of these needs. There are two versions of the instrument: the clinical version has been designed to be used by staff to plan patients' care; whereas the research version is primarily a mental health service evaluation tool. The CAN has been designed to assist local authorities to fulfil their statutory obligations under the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 to assess needs for community services.MethodA draft version of the instrument was designed by the authors. Modifications were made following comments from mental health experts and a patient survey. Patients (n = 49) and staff (n = 60) were then interviewed, using the amended version, to assess the inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the instrument.ResultsThe mean number of needs identified per patient ranged from 7.55 to 8.64. Correlations of the inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the total number of needs identified by staff were 0.99 and 0.78 respectively. The percentage of complete agreement on individual items ranged from 100–81.6% (inter-rater) and 100–58.1% (test-retest).ConclusionsThe study suggests that the CAN is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the needs of people with severe mental illness. It is easily learnt by staff from a range of professional backgrounds, and a complete assessment took, on average, around 25 minutes.
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Bozdoğan Yeşilot, Saliha, Ayşe İnel Manav y Hatice Çiftçi. "ARE YOUTUBE VIDEOS QUALIFIED AND RELIABLE AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION FOR MENTAL HEALTH DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN TURKEY?" Gevher Nesibe Journal IESDR 6, n.º 12 (25 de mayo de 2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46648/gnj.195.
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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the quality, reliability, and comprehensiveness of content for YouTube videos in the Turkish language as a source of information for mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: "Coronavirus Mental Health" was searched as a subject in the YouTube channel in the Turkish language on April 11th, 2020. The first 100 videos were taken into consideration. Two independent reviewers classified videos as useful or misleading. The inter-observer agreement was evaluated with the kappa coefficient. Modified DISCERN index for reliability and Global Quality Scale for quality were used. The content was evaluated with a checklist developed by the researchers. Results: The mean number of views was 1442.42±3042.49 for useful videos and 1044±1471.83 for misleading videos. The mean Global Quality Scale was 2.68±0.96 for useful videos and 1±0 for misleading videos. The mean DISCERN score was 2.8±1.09, 2.72±0.75, and 3.12±0.66 for shared by independent/professional users, government/news agencies, and universities/professional organizations respectively. Conclusions: The quality and reliability level of mental health videos in the Turkish language for the COVID-19 pandemic were found out moderate. Moreover, the comprehensiveness of the contents didn’t include enough detailed information in regards to protecting mental health.
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Veljkovic, Andrea, Murray Penner, Kevin Wing, Kaniza Zahra Abbas, Peter Salat, Johnny Lau, John E. Femino, Phinit Phisitkul, Annunziato Amendola y Alastair Younger. "Vancouver Foot and Ankle WNS (Wound, Nerve, and Systemic) Classification System for Foot and Ankle Orthopedic Surgery". Foot & Ankle International 39, n.º 9 (4 de junio de 2018): 1056–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100718778022.
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Background: Adverse events require consistent recording to determine the effect of alternate treatments. This study was undertaken to evaluate the Vancouver Foot and Ankle WNS complication scale to capture complications (W: wound, N: nerve, S: systemic) to assist in outcome recording. Methods: Interrater reliability was tested in 2 settings: (1) between 2 blinded clinicians in a live clinical setting and (2) between 8 orthopedic surgeons using case vignettes based on a retrospective analysis of 500 foot and ankle procedures performed at the Toronto Western Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics. The intrarater reliability of the WNS scale was tested in a single rater using the case vignettes. Inter- and intrarater reliability were assessed using the Fleiss and Cohen weighted kappa ( k), respectively and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There was adequate power over 0.8. Results: In the live clinical setting, the Cohen weighted k (95% CI) values for the W (0.935 [0.862, 1.01]), N (0.914 [0.752, 1.08]), and S (1 [1, 1]) parameters, indicating a near perfect level of agreement between raters. In the broader community of professional foot and ankle surgeons, the Fleiss k values (95% CI) had moderate agreement for the W (0.712 [0.688, 0.735]), N (0.775 [0.738, 0.811]), and high agreement for S (0.834 [0.802, 0.866]) parameters based on case vignettes. However, the Fleiss k values continued to indicate moderate to strong agreement between raters for all parameters. Conclusions: The WNS scale provided a standardized method of measuring foot and ankle surgical complications. There was at least moderate-strong interrater agreement for all parameters measured on case vignettes and excellent concordance in the live setting. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
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Morrell, Kate, Megan Hyers, Tamela Stuchiner, Lindsay Lucas, Karissa Schwartz, Jenniffer Mako, Kateri J. Spinelli y Lisa Yanase. "Telehealth Stroke Dysphagia Evaluation Is Safe and Effective". Cerebrovascular Diseases 44, n.º 3-4 (2017): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000478107.
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Background: Rapid evaluation of dysphagia poststroke significantly lowers rates of aspiration pneumonia. Logistical barriers often significantly delay in-person dysphagia evaluation by speech language pathologists (SLPs) in remote and rural hospitals. Clinical swallow evaluations delivered via telehealth have been validated in a number of clinical contexts, yet no one has specifically validated a teleswallow evaluation for in-hospital post-stroke dysphagia assessment. Methods: A team of 6 SLPs experienced in stroke care and a telestroke neurologist designed, implemented, and tested a teleswallow evaluation for acute stroke patients, in which 100 patients across 2 affiliated, urban certified stroke centers were sequentially evaluated by a bedside and telehealth SLP. Inter-rater reliability was analyzed using percent agreement, Cohen's kappa, Kendall's tau-b, and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank tests. Logistic regression models accounting for age and gender were used to test the impact of stroke severity and stroke location on agreement. Results: We found excellent agreement for both liquid (91% agreement; kappa = 0.808; Kendall's tau-b = 0.813, p < 0.001; Wilcoxon signed rank = -0.818, p = 0.417) and solid (87% agreement; kappa = 0.792; Kendall's tau-b = 0.844, p < 0.001; Wilcoxon signed rank = 0.243, p = 0.808) dietary textures. From regression modeling, there is suggestive but inconclusive evidence that higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores correlate with lower levels of agreement for liquid diet recommendations (OR [95% CI] 0.895 [0.793-1.01]; p = 0.07). There was no impact of NIHSS score for solid diet recommendations and no impact of stroke location on solid or liquid diet recommendations. Qualitatively, we identified professional, logistical, technical, and patient barriers to implementation, many of which resolved with experience over time. Conclusions: Dysphagia evaluation by a remote SLP via telehealth is safe and effective following stroke. We plan to implement teleswallow across our multistate telestroke network as standard practice for poststroke dysphagia evaluation.
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Гойгов, С. А. "Innovative technologies in higher education: development of international cooperation in professional training of specialists". Management of Education, n.º 6(52) (30 de junio de 2022): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/o5408-4213-7847-k.
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Применение общенаучных методов анализа, синтеза, сравнения и обобщения делает возможным констатацию того, что организация международной деятельности в государственных университетах США отличается в зависимости от размера, организационной культуры, основных сфер международной деятельности вуза, однако в большинстве из них созданы специально подразделения для управления международной деятельностью. Выделены модели управления международной деятельностью университета. В результате применения метода структурно-функционального анализа определены содержательно-процессуальные основы международной деятельности государственных университетов США. Их составляют: специальные принципы (мобильности, поликультурности, разнообразия и взаимовыгодности), измерения (экономический, политический, академический, культурный), направления (внешний и внутренний), виды (образовательная, научно-инновационная, сервисная) и формы международной деятельности. Констатировано, что основными формами международной деятельности университетов США в условиях глобализации являются партнерства, программы и проекты. В работе выделены средства международной деятельности, которыми являются соглашениями о сотрудничестве (межправительственные, межуниверситетские), гранты, программы (правительственные, университетские, частных фондов и бизнес-структур). Таким образом, применение системного подхода к изучению международной деятельности государственных университетов США сделало возможным раскрытие особенностей управления международной деятельности государственных университетов США на федеральном и штатовому уровнях, определение организационных и содержательно-процессуальных основ международной деятельности государственных университетов США на институциональном уровне. The use of general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and generalization makes it possible to state that the organization of international activities in US public universities differs depending on the size, organizational culture, and main areas of international activity of the university, but most of them have specially created divisions for managing international activities. The models of management of the university's international activities are highlighted. As a result of the application of the method of structural and functional analysis, the substantive and procedural foundations of the international activities of US state universities have been determined. They consist of: special principles (mobility, multiculturalism, diversity and mutual benefit), dimensions (economic, political, academic, cultural), directions (external and internal), types (educational, scientific and innovative, service) and forms of international activity. It is stated that the main forms of international activity of US universities in the context of globalization are partnerships, programs and projects. The work highlights the means of international activities, which are cooperation agreements (intergovernmental, inter-university), grants, programs (government, university, private foundations and business structures). Thus, the application of a systematic approach to the study of the international activities of US state universities made it possible to reveal the features of the management of the international activities of US state universities at the federal and state levels, to determine the organizational and substantive-procedural foundations of the international activities of US state universities at the institutional level.
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Daniel Lai, L. L., Sebastian J. Crutch, Julian West, Emma Harding, Emilie V. Brotherhood, Rohan Takhar, Nicholas Firth y Paul M. Camic. "Development of the Video Analysis Scale of Engagement (VASE) for people with advanced dementia". Wellcome Open Research 5 (20 de mayo de 2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16189.2.
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Background: The current study sought to develop a valid, reliable and unobtrusive tablet computer-based observational measure to assess engagement of people with advanced dementia. The Video Analysis Scale of Engagement (VASE) was designed to enable the rating of moment-by-moment changes in engagement during an activity, which would be useful for both future research and current residential care. Methods: An initial version of the VASE was tested. Face validity and content validity were assessed to validate an operational definition of engagement and develop an acceptable protocol for the scale. Thirty-seven non-professional and professional volunteers were recruited to view and rate level of engagement in music activities using the VASE. Results: An inter-class coefficient (ICC) test gave a high level of rating agreement across professionals and non-professionals. However, the ICC results of within-professionals were mixed. Linear mixed modelling suggested that the types of interventions (active or passive music listening), the particular intervention session being rated, time period of video and the age of raters could affect the ratings. Conclusions: Results suggested that raters used the VASE in a dynamic fashion and that the measure was able to distinguish between interventions. Further investigation and adjustments are warranted for this to be considered a valid and reliable scale in the measurement of engagement of people with advanced dementia in a residential care setting.
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Daniel Lai, L. L., Sebastian J. Crutch, Julian West, Emma Harding, Emilie V. Brotherhood, Rohan Takhar, Nicholas Firth y Paul M. Camic. "Development of the Video Analysis Scale of Engagement (VASE) for people with advanced dementia". Wellcome Open Research 5 (18 de junio de 2021): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16189.3.
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Background: The current study sought to develop a valid, reliable and unobtrusive tablet computer-based observational measure to assess engagement of people with advanced dementia. The Video Analysis Scale of Engagement (VASE) was designed to enable the rating of moment-by-moment changes in engagement during an activity, which would be useful for both future research and current residential care. Methods: An initial version of the VASE was tested. Face validity and content validity were assessed to validate an operational definition of engagement and develop an acceptable protocol for the scale. Thirty-seven non-professional and professional volunteers were recruited to view and rate level of engagement in music activities using the VASE. Results: An inter-class coefficient (ICC) test gave a high level of rating agreement across professionals and non-professionals. However, the ICC results of within-professionals were mixed. Linear mixed modelling suggested that the types of interventions (active or passive music listening), the particular intervention session being rated, time period of video and the age of raters could affect the ratings. Conclusions: Results suggested that raters used the VASE in a dynamic fashion and that the measure was able to distinguish between interventions. Further investigation and adjustments are warranted for this to be considered a valid and reliable scale in the measurement of engagement of people with advanced dementia in a residential care setting.
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Daniel Lai, L. L., Sebastian J. Crutch, Julian West, Emma Harding, Emilie V. Brotherhood, Rohan Takhar, Nicholas Firth y Paul M. Camic. "Development of the Video Analysis Scale of Engagement (VASE) for people with advanced dementia". Wellcome Open Research 5 (5 de octubre de 2020): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16189.1.
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Background: The current study sought to develop a valid, reliable and unobtrusive tablet computer-based observational measure to assess engagement of people with advanced dementia. The Video Analysis Scale of Engagement (VASE) was designed to enable the rating of moment-by-moment changes in engagement during an activity, which would be useful for both future research and current residential care. Methods: An initial version of the VASE was tested. Face validity and content validity were assessed to validate an operational definition of engagement and develop an acceptable protocol for the scale. Thirty-seven non-professional and professional volunteers were recruited to view and rate level of engagement in music activities using the VASE. Results: An inter-class coefficient (ICC) test gave a high level of rating agreement across professionals and non-professionals. However, the ICC results of within-professionals were mixed. Linear mixed modelling suggested that the types of interventions (active or passive music listening), the particular intervention session being rated, time period of video and the age of raters could affect the ratings. Conclusions: Results suggested that raters used the VASE in a dynamic fashion and that the measure was able to distinguish between interventions. Further investigation and adjustments are warranted for this to be considered a valid and reliable scale in the measurement of engagement of people with advanced dementia in a residential care setting.
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Phonethibsavads, Anthony, Sophia Bender y Kylie Peppler. "Utilizing the Consensual Assessment Technique to Compare Creativity in Drama Spaces". Creativity. Theories – Research - Applications 6, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2019): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ctra-2019-0001.
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AbstractObjective: This study examines the validity of Amabile’s (1982) consensual assessment technique in measuring creativity in a warm-up activity in fourth-grade drama classrooms and compares the scores between warm-ups occurring in a blackbox theater setting (experimental) vs. a traditional classroom (control). Method: Four professional actors viewed 60 clips of children’s drama warm-ups and scored for creativity, using a 5-point scale. After establishing sufficient inter-rater reliability (IRR), we used the average scores of the raters to compare creativity between the experimental and control groups. Results: The raters demonstrated high agreement, with a coefficient alpha estimate of .819. An independent samples t-test between the experimental and control groups was significant at p < .001, with the experimental group receiving higher scores. Conclusions: The results suggested that creativity was significantly higher in the experimental group, and the context correlated with creativity, despite neither group having yet received drama instruction at that time. This paper presents discussions about validity, opinions of the raters, possible implications for the activity itself, and possible effect of setting on creativity.
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Boyd, Alan, Rachael Addicott, Ruth Robertson, Shilpa Ross y Kieran Walshe. "Are inspectors’ assessments reliable? Ratings of NHS acute hospital trust services in England". Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 22, n.º 1 (5 de octubre de 2016): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819616669736.
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The credibility of a regulator could be threatened if stakeholders perceive that assessments of performance made by its inspectors are unreliable. Yet there is little published research on the reliability of inspectors’ assessments of health care organizations’ services. Objectives We investigated the inter-rater reliability of assessments made by inspectors inspecting acute hospitals in England during the piloting of a new regulatory model implemented by the Care Quality Commission (CQC) during 2013 and 2014. Multi-professional teams of inspectors rated service provision on a four-point scale for each of five domains: safety; effectiveness; caring; responsiveness; and leadership. Methods In an online survey, we asked individual inspectors to assign a domain and a rating to each of 10 vignettes of service information extracted from CQC inspection reports. We used these data to simulate the ratings that might be produced by teams of inspectors. We also observed inspection teams in action, and interviewed inspectors and staff from hospitals that had been inspected. Results Levels of agreement varied substantially from vignette to vignette. Characteristics such as professional background explained only a very small part of the variation. Overall, agreement was higher on ratings than on domains, and for groups of inspectors compared with individual inspectors. A number of potential causes of disagreement were identified, such as differences regarding the weight that should be given to contextual factors and general uncertainty about interpreting the rating and domain categories. Conclusion Groups of inspectors produced more reliable assessments than individual inspectors, and there is evidence to support the utility of appropriate discussions between inspectors in improving reliability. The reliability of domain allocations was lower than for ratings. It is important to define categories and rating levels clearly, and to train inspectors in their use. Further research is needed to replicate these results now that the model has been fully implemented, and to understand better the impact that inspector uncertainty and disagreement may have on published CQC ratings.
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Mannacio, Elena, Maurizio Ripani, Antonello Ciccarelli, Laura Poggini y Antonio Tessitore. "QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF A SEQUENCE OF “ALLEGRO” IN CLASSICAL BALLET DANCERS WITH DIFFERENT TECHNICAL LEVEL". Kinesiologia Slovenica 25, n.º 2 (24 de noviembre de 2019): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.25.2.52-60.
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Since training of professional classical ballet dancers is primarily focused on the aesthetic component of performance there is a necessity to assess its qualitative aspects. This study aimed to investigate whether the Performance Competence Evaluation Measure (PCEM) adapted version for classical ballet can be a valid and useful tool: 1) to assess the performance of an “Allegro” sequence; 2) to discriminate between different levels of dancers’ experience. Twenty-four female classical ballet dancers divided in two subgroups [Ballet students (n = 12) and Pre-professional dancers (n = 12)] were recruited to perform a 70 seconds sequence of “Allegro” specifically choreographed. Each performance was assessed by three very experienced judges, which scores were based on a Likert scale (ranging from 1 to 5) to evaluate the following four parameters: 1) Full Body Involvement (FBI); 2) Body Integration and Connectedness (BIC); 3) Articulation of Body Segments (ABS); 4) Movement Skills (MS). The inter-rater reliability values were ranging from good (between 0.6 and 0.8) and very good (over 0.8) for all parameters, while the test-retest reliability showed a very good agreement for all parameters. The Allegro is a dance sequence with greater dynamism that better highlights differences of execution between dancers with different technical levels and the Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences for all parameters (P=0.001) with lower values for the ballet students. In conclusion, the PCEM adapted version for classical ballet showed to be a valid tool: 1) to assess the performance of Allegro; 2) to discriminate between different dancers’ level of experience.
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Chen, Ya-mei. "The ideological construction of solidarity in translated newspaper commentaries: Context models and inter-subjective positioning". Discourse & Society 22, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2011): 693–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926511411695.
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This article utilizes Van Dijk’s socio-cognitive approach as a theoretical framework to demonstrate how news translators ideologically construe solidarity in translated newspaper commentaries about the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) signing between Taiwan and China. Using a corpus of 26 Chinese commentaries from the Liberty Times in Taiwan and their English translations from the Taipei Times as data, this article (1) compares the context models, together with relevant ideological forces, constructed by the news translators and the original writers and (2) investigates how contextual variations guide the translators to make inter-subjective positioning shifts through engagement resources. The results reveal that the shifts identified in the translated headlines and arguments (including the change in dialogic nature and the notable addition of dialogically expansive expressions) were performed by the translators to establish presumably appropriate solidarity relations (i.e. tolerance-based solidarity) and to align the writers and the potentially diverse target audience, at whom the translated pieces are aimed. In this way, the translators can achieve the goals of translating commentaries while adequately responding to the pro-independence ideology of the Taipei Times and the professional ideology of the news translators as media practitioners.
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Milner, Sarah, Richard G. Feltbower, Kate Absolom y Adam Glaser. "Identifying the important social outcomes for childhood cancer survivors: an e-Delphi study protocol". BMJ Open 12, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2022): e063172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063172.
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IntroductionOptimising the health of childhood cancer survivors is important given the high long-term survival rate coupled with a significant late effects burden. Included within the WHO’s definition of ‘Health’ are social outcomes. These are of interest given their impact on adult functioning within society, complex interactions with physical and mental health outcomes and potential for cross generational effects. Categories included within the definition of social outcomes are ill defined leading to potential gaps in research and service provision which could affect the ability of survivors to achieve their maximal potential. An e-Delphi study will be used to achieve expert consensus on the most important social outcomes for childhood cancer survivors to inform future research and ultimately, service provision.Methods and analysisA heterogeneous sample of at least 48 panel members will be recruited across four groups chosen to provide different perspectives on the childhood cancer journey: childhood cancer survivors, health professionals, social workers and teachers. Purposive sampling from a UK, regional long-term follow-up clinic will be used to recruit a representative sample of survivors. Other panel members will be recruited through local channels and national professional working groups. Opinions regarding breakdown and relevance of categories of social outcome will be collected through 3–5 rounds of questionnaires using an e-Delphi technique. Open ended, 7-point Likert scale and ranking questions will be used. Each round will be analysed collectively and per group to assess inter-rater agreement. Agreement and strength of agreement will be indicated by a median score of 6 or 7 and mean absolute deviation from the median, respectively.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study has been granted by Regional Ethics Committee 4, West of Scotland (ID 297344). Study findings will be disseminated to involved stakeholders, published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences.
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Jamaludin, Thandar Soe Sumaiyah, Mohd Said Nurumal, Norfadzilah Ahmad, Siti Aesah Naznin Muhammad y Chong Mei Chan. "Development and Evaluating Content Validity of Clinical Skill Analysis Index Tools". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, T5 (3 de enero de 2022): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7824.
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BACKGROUND: The current structured nursing clinical skill assessment checklist is steps driven and the soft skills component is fragmented and limited. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the face and content validity of a tool that had been developed to assess the current structured clinical skill assessment for the Malaysian undergraduate nursing program. METHODS: The face and content validity of the instrument were examined based on the opinions of experts. The item content validity index and scale content validity index (S-CVI) were calculated by using the mean approach and inter-rater agreement. The content validity of the instrument was assessed by S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave. The scale was revised based on comments from a panel of eight experts in the first review stage and thereafter, evaluated by another group of three experts in the second review stage. RESULTS: There were nine soft skills elements identified for the clinical skill analysis index (CSAI) tools in this study. Those were communication skill, social skill and responsibility, critical thinking skill, problem-solving skill, teamwork, leadership skill, professional and ethical decision-making skill, numeracy skill, and interpersonal skill. The findings at the face validity stage yielded ten domains with eight nursing core procedures areas being retained, based on 95% or more agreement from expert responses. The result of S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave of the CSAI tools yielded scores of 0.91 and 1 respectively. CONCLUSION: Findings indicated that this instrument had an excellent face and content validity to assess the current structured clinical skill assessment for the Malaysian undergraduate nursing program.
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Kosmidis, Dimitrios, Sotiria Koutsouki y Dimitrios Theofanidis. "Values in nursing and the virtues of the profession: a systematic critical review". Health & Research Journal 7, n.º 4 (9 de octubre de 2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/healthresj.28192.
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Introduction: Values are the cornerstone of routine nursing practice. Yet, there is lack of clarity and controversies over the content of the term and its application in contemporary nursing practice.Aim: The main aim of this discussion paper to explore the concept of ‘values’ in nursing, provide insights into their application with specific relevance to nursing and contemplate on its consequences on contemporary nursing practice.Methodology: For this paper’s needs a critical literature search was undertaken within the past two decades whereby key terms and corresponding contexts were critically appraised with regards to the concepts involved. Search terms used included: nursing, values, deontology, caring, in both Pubmed and Greek databases. The Cohen's Kappa coefficient was used in order to assess inter-rater reliability.Results & Discussion: After close perusal, the search yielded 55 papers with a distinct content on values in contemporary nursing. These were categorized in 5 distinct subthemes i.e. Ethical and individual values, Professional values and virtues, The development of values, Integrity and Dignity which were subsequently addressed and discussed further. Cohen's Kappa was 0.85 (95% CI:0.776-0.922) reflecting a strong level of agreement among the two authors.Discussion: Professional values can be seen as tools that encourage nurses to become ethically sensitive professionals. Various studies on professional values in different countries have shown that the difference in the adoption and weight given to professional values is mainly due to the priorities given, rather than their nature per se. Ethical values significantly influence the scope of nursing practice, the way nurses think and act and consequently the care they provide with integrity and dignity being at the core of their practice delivery.Conclusions: Values in nursing science should be developed primarily by direct learning in basic education through raising awareness among nurses regarding ethics and the value of nursing. Integrity and respect for dignity are referred to as two of the most basic values which may affect both nursing practice and care providers. The way nurses behave is a reflection of their knowledge, experience, ability, personality and judgment. This reflects the professionalism of nurses based on agreed common values.
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Logacjov, Aleksej, Kerstin Bach, Atle Kongsvold, Hilde Bremseth Bårdstu y Paul Jarle Mork. "HARTH: A Human Activity Recognition Dataset for Machine Learning". Sensors 21, n.º 23 (25 de noviembre de 2021): 7853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237853.
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Existing accelerometer-based human activity recognition (HAR) benchmark datasets that were recorded during free living suffer from non-fixed sensor placement, the usage of only one sensor, and unreliable annotations. We make two contributions in this work. First, we present the publicly available Human Activity Recognition Trondheim dataset (HARTH). Twenty-two participants were recorded for 90 to 120 min during their regular working hours using two three-axial accelerometers, attached to the thigh and lower back, and a chest-mounted camera. Experts annotated the data independently using the camera’s video signal and achieved high inter-rater agreement (Fleiss’ Kappa =0.96). They labeled twelve activities. The second contribution of this paper is the training of seven different baseline machine learning models for HAR on our dataset. We used a support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, random forest, extreme gradient boost, convolutional neural network, bidirectional long short-term memory, and convolutional neural network with multi-resolution blocks. The support vector machine achieved the best results with an F1-score of 0.81 (standard deviation: ±0.18), recall of 0.85±0.13, and precision of 0.79±0.22 in a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation. Our highly professional recordings and annotations provide a promising benchmark dataset for researchers to develop innovative machine learning approaches for precise HAR in free living.
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Bogdanova, E. P., O. D. Elshina y M. V. Sinkin. "Survey among Russian doctors on routine electroencephalography". Medical alphabet, n.º 39 (21 de diciembre de 2021): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2021-39-26-32.
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The aim of the work was to assess how accurately specialists, performing EEG, apply the recommendations in their daily practice.Materials and Methods. An anonymous survey was conducted of 210 specialists in functional diagnostics and neurologists performing routine electroencephalography. The survey consisted of nine mandatory single-choice questions.Results. Only 9 respondents out of 210 (4.3%) perform routine EEG completely in accordance with the Recommendations of the Expert Council of Neurophysiology of the Russian Anti-Epileptic League on performing the routine EEG.' Of these, only three specialists (1.4% of the total number of respondents) answered that a functional diagnostics doctor is present throughout the entire examination.Conclusion: Despite the wide distribution and extensive experience in the use of EEG, there is no uniform practice of its implementation by doctors in the Russian Federation. Standardization of the methodology of its performance will increase confidence in EEG results among doctors of clinical specialties, increase the degree of inter-expert agreement among functional diagnostics physicians, and improve the quality of diagnosis of central nervous system diseases. To do this, it is necessary to develop webinar and educational programs on the methodology of EEG under the auspices of professional associations of doctors of functional diagnostics, neurophysiologists, neurologists.
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Shah, Rupal, Lindsay Melvin y Rodrigo B. Cavalcanti. "EPAs for the Ambulatory Internist in Translation: Findings from a Canadian Multi-Center Survey". Canadian Journal of General Internal Medicine 14, n.º 3 (27 de agosto de 2019): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/cjgim.v14i3.317.
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Background
Increased demand for outpatient care has made defining the role of ambulatory general internists an educational priority. Canadian residency programs are transitioning towards competency-based education, where learning goals are articulated as entrustable professional activities (EPAs). Engaging frontline internists in the validation of context-specific EPAs is important for implementation.
Objective
This study describes a consensus approach for developing EPAs for ambulatory general internal medicine (GIM) training and results of a Canada-wide survey seeking feedback from academic internists.
Methods
In 2016, we reviewed Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada GIM accreditation documents, and systematic literature search results for internal medicine ambulatory training objectives, to draft EPAs. EPAs were revised via expert consensus at the University of Toronto. A survey was distributed to Canadian academic internists to determine level of agreement on proposed EPAs. Consensus was defined as greater than 80% inter-rater agreement. Open-ended questions explored reasons for disagreements, which were reviewed independently by authors and iteratively organized into categories.
Results
Eight EPAs were generated. Survey response rate was 24.9% (63/253). Consensus was achieved on all EPAs except obstetrical medicine (49/63, 77.8%). Reasons for disagreements reflected variable understanding of EPA concepts by respondents. Where understood well, disagreements fell into 3 main categories: (1) further training required, (2) not within internal medicine scope, and (3) implementation barriers.
Conclusions
Frontline academic physicians are pivotal in validating proposed EPAs. Disagreements were either content or concept related and recognizing these diverse perspectives can help clinician-educators predict and prepare for challenges with EPA implementation.
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DANRAKA, Abubakar Mustapha. "The Impact of Industrial Disharmony amongst Healthcare Professionals in Nigerian Healthcare Sector". Scholars Journal of Medical Case Reports 9, n.º 9 (18 de septiembre de 2021): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjmcr.2021.v09i09.014.
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Industrial disharmony is a state of unrest, a situation where there is an inability among the participating parties to reach a peaceful agreement as it affects job rules and conditions of work. It presents itself as disputes between employers and employees, or between trade unions and employer organizations. Certain factors can be attributed to causing industrial disharmony, these include; inter professional rivalry amongst workforce, perception of preferential and favoured treatment to one group over another, inefficient and ineffective management style strained relationship between the management and labor unions. Highlight were made of the impact of industrial disharmony on the Nigerian healthcare sector, aimed to enlighten policymakers that policies that enhance harmony in the health sector are required, and if they are already in place, then their full implementation is urgently required. Three thematic areas of interest in the discourse on industrial disharmony amongst healthcare professionals in Nigeria were expatiated to include; industrial harmony; employees’ productivity and job satisfaction and last but not the least clients’ satisfaction of service delivery. The numerous negative impact of the ongoing disharmony within the Nigerian Healthcare sector as typified by the different professional associations and unions, whom hardly agree on modes of remuneration, career recognition and headship appointments in the healthcare institutions, has continuously made the health care indices of the country to be at abysmally low ratings. The way forward would be to canvass for the appointment of Health administrators with expertise in Health Economics and Administration to oversee the smooth and unbiased running of public health institutions in Nigeria. Also, all healthcare professionals should be given equal and fair recognition based on the value additions they provide to efficient and effective patient management. Lastly, the realisation by all healthcare professi
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Wieczorek, Marta, Wojciech Wiliński y Aleksandra Sadziak. "Athletic identity of individuals participating in Special Olympics as exemplified by swimmers – pilot study". Advances in Rehabilitation 31, n.º 3 (26 de septiembre de 2017): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rehab-2015-0070.
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Abstract Introduction: Special Olympics is an association whose main objective is to organise training and sports competitions for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Each of these individuals manifests certain identification with the sport they do. It is called sports identity and is the subject of interest in this study. The cognitive aim of the study was to determine the intensity which is measured by the level of agreement with the sports identity in the selected group of athletes participating in Special Olympics. In turn, the practical purpose of the work was to indicate the possibilities of applying a modified research tool with regard to individuals with intellectual disabilities and to spread the knowledge about people with intellectual disabilities. Material and methods:The study was conducted on the participants of the 8thLower Silesian Special Olympics Swimming Competition in 2015. A diagnostic poll was applied as a research method and aninterview technique was used. Brewer’s Modified Athletic Identity Measurement Scale was a research tool utilised in the study. Results:Aspects of athletic identity revealed that the majority of Special Olympics participants believed that they were professional athletes and were planning to continue participating in this type of Olympic movement. Their closest friends were also professional athletes. For half of the study participants sport was the most significant part of their life, while a sports failure did not change their disposition. Conclusions:The participants of Special Olympics manifest a high level of athletic identity, which is proven, inter alia, by the fact that sport is one of the most important parts of their lives. For individuals with intellectual disabilities, participation in sports competitions and training sessions organised by Special Olympics is more significant than winning in sports competition
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Cassibba, Rosalinda, Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn y Laura D’Odorico. "Attachment and play in child care centres: Reliability and validity of the attachment Q-sort for mothers and professional caregivers in Italy". International Journal of Behavioral Development 24, n.º 2 (junio de 2000): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502500383377.
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The purpose of this article was to adapt and validate the Attachment Q-Sort (AQS; Vaughn & Waters, 1990) in the Italian context of child rearing at home and in centre care, and to analyse the associations of attachment to the mother and to the professional caregiver with play behaviour of the child. The article reports on three studies. The first study describes the procedure used to create the Italian version of the Attachment Q-Sort. Fifteen Italian experts provided the AQS descriptions of the prototypical “most secure child”; moreover, 18 Italian caregivers used the AQS to describe the hypothetical “ideal child” in the context of the child care centre. The profiles of the Italian experts were very similar to those of American experts. Italian experts and Italian caregivers also strongly agreed in their descriptions, respectively, of the “most secure” and the “ideal” child. The second study reports on the reliability of the AQS data. Eighty-six children (43% male; 59%first-borns) and their mothers and caregivers participated in the research. Children’s ages ranged from 14 to 36 months ( M = 26.6; SD = 6.78). All children spent at least 30 hours per week in the child care centres. Test-retest reliability and inter-observer agreement appeared to be satisfactory. Agreement between mother/caregiver- and observer-reported security scores was less convincing. In the third study, the associations between the network of attachment and level of play were examined. Fifty children (58% male; 60% first-borns) participated. Children’s ages ranged from 14 to 36 months ( M = 25.8; SD = 6.56). Play behaviour was observed at the child care centre during free play sessions of 30 minutes and social and cognitive play categories were coded. Secure attachment led to higher cognitive levels of play. Attachment to the caregiver was generally more influential than attachment to the mother.
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Sabus, Carla, Blake Johns, Nathan Schultz y Kendra Gagnon. "Exploration of Content and Reach of Physical Therapy-Related Discussion on Twitter". Physical Therapy 99, n.º 8 (10 de abril de 2019): 1048–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz063.
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Abstract Background Many individuals access and share health information on social networking sites. Previous studies have analyzed the social media site Twitter to discern public opinion related to health phenomena such as antibiotics, concussions, and flu. Physical therapy-related online discussions have not been studied. Objective The aim of this study was to explore content, participants, and structure of physical therapy-related discussions on Twitter. Design This study was observational. Methods Over 12 weeks, more than 30,000 physical therapy-related tweets were collected. A random sample of 100 tweets underwent preliminary analysis to determine broad categories including tweet author, tone, and theme. A second random sample of 100 tweets was analyzed to confirm categories. Once categories were established, a new sample of 1000 tweets was randomly selected for analysis and categorization. All study investigators categorized a shared collection of tweets to establish inter- and intrarater agreement. Twitter conversations were visualized using NodeXL. Results Intrarater and interrater agreement for tweet categorization was 95% and 89%, respectively. The distribution of the intended audience was 35.5% professional, 35.5% broad reach, and 29% public. The gross distribution of tweet tone was 63.1% neutral, 31.4% positive, and 5.6% negative. Twenty-eight percent of tweets were authored by physical therapists/physical therapist assistants and nearly one-half were categorized as “marketing.” Tweets tended to be “isolated,” not within a conversation, or consist of conversation within “tight crowds.” Limitations This study was purely observational. Social media content can be highly influenced by temporal events, which limits the generalization of specific findings. Conclusions Study results indicate that the reach of physical therapy-related tweets may not be as broad as intended by the author. Physical therapy professionals and the hospitals/clinics that employ them may need to implement strategies to be more intentional in reaching a broader audience with online messages.
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Svensson, Peter y Arne May. "Classification: The key to understanding facial pain". Cephalalgia 37, n.º 7 (12 de abril de 2017): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102417706313.
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It is indisputable that the global scientific advances in headache research, be it bench or bedside, have benefited enormously from the operational diagnostic criteria published in 1988. Today, this classification system is indispensable. The reason for this success is a low inter-rater variability. In general, orofacial pain conditions are less well characterised – with the noticeable exemption of temporomandibular disorder pain. Tremendous work has been put into changing this, and significant progress has been achieved – in particular, in terms of the clinical implications and overriding conceptual models for oro-facial pain. Scientific classifications have only one goal: To provide a scientific agreement about the main features of an object of research and a scientific consensus regarding the name. The main significance is not the fact that a good classification offers a detailed and accurate image of the reality. If we want to overcome the obstacles of different competing classification systems, we need to overcome specialisation borders. The key to success is to understand that such a definition does not mirror all possible clinical facets of a given pain condition but is simply a convention – that is, a consensus on a word used for a pain condition. Simply speaking, a classification creates a common language to be used by more than one profession. It will be crucial to define any given pain condition as precisely and rigid as possible, in order to ensure a homogenous population. Only this ensures a low inter-rater variability, which consequently allows combining and comparing research on a population across different professional settings. This is not easy for chronic facial pain without verifiable morphological cause or structural lesions, as these syndromes are often rather featureless. The new IASP classification of chronic pain is a big step forward to a better characterisation of such conditions, and will trigger future work on a new and operationalised classification of oro-facial pain.
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Shulruf, Boaz, Gary Mayer Velan y Sean Edward Kennedy. "Medical student selection process enhanced by improving selection algorithms and changing the focus of interviews in Australia: a descriptive study". Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions 19 (28 de noviembre de 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2022.19.31.
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Purpose: The study investigates the efficacy of new features introduced to the selection process for medical school at the University of New South Wales, Australia: (1) considering the relative ranks rather than scores of the Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test and Australian Tertiary Admission Rank; (2) structured interview focusing on interpersonal interaction and concerns should the applicants become students; and (3) embracing interviewers’ diverse perspectives.Methods: Data from 5 cohorts of students were analyzed, comparing outcomes of the second year in the medicine program of 4 cohorts of the old selection process and 1 of the new process. The main analysis comprised multiple linear regression models for predicting academic, clinical, and professional outcomes, by section tools and demographic variables.Results: Selection interview marks from the new interview (512 applicants, 2 interviewers each) were analyzed for inter-rater reliability, which identified a high level of agreement (kappa=0.639). No such analysis was possible for the old interview since it required interviewers to reach a consensus. Multivariate linear regression models utilizing outcomes for 5 cohorts (N=905) revealed that the new selection process was much more effective in predicting academic and clinical achievement in the program (R2=9.4%–17.8% vs. R2=1.5%–8.4%).Conclusion: The results suggest that the medical student selection process can be significantly enhanced by employing a non-compensatory selection algorithm; and using a structured interview focusing on interpersonal interaction and concerns should the applicants become students; as well as embracing interviewers’ diverse perspectives.
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Jalilah, Nisfawati Laili. "DIVERSI CONCEPT IN COMPLETION OF CHILDREN'S CRIMINAL CASE". Al-IHKAM: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga Jurusan Ahwal al-Syakhshiyyah Fakultas Syariah IAIN Mataram 11, n.º 1 (17 de junio de 2019): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/alihkam.v11i1.2120.
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Child protection is all activities to guarantee and protect children and their rights so that they can live, grow, develop, and participate optimally by human dignity and dignity, and get protection from violence and discrimination. Related to this, in resolving child criminal cases, the Criminal Justice Act (UUPPA) emphasizes that the concept of Restorative Justice or Diversity must be used, namely the transfer or transfer of the judicial process to an alternative process of settlement of the case, namely through deliberation or mediation. The purpose of diversion is to prevent children from detention, avoiding labeling children as criminals, preventing the repetition of criminal acts committed by children, so that children are responsible for their actions, carrying out interventions needed for victims and children without having to go through a formal process. Avoiding children from following the justice system process, and keep children from the negative influence and implications of the justice process.Implementation of application of diversion in the juvenile criminal justice system is carried out at the level of investigation, prosecution, and case examination in district courts. The diversion process is carried out through deliberation by involving children and their parents/guardians, social counselors, and professional social workers based on a restorative justice approach. The results of the Diversion agreement can take the form of, inter alia; peace with or without compensation, restitution in the event of a victim, medical and psychosocial rehabilitation, participation in education or training at an educational institution or LPKS no later than 3 (three) months; or community service for a maximum of 3 (three) months.