Tesis: "Instrumental profile"

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Corollaro, Maria Laura. "Sensory and instrumental profiling of apples: a new tool for quality assessment". Doctoral thesis, country:IT, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10449/23791.

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Food suppliers currently measure apple quality considering basic pomological descriptors. Sensory analysis is expensive, does not permit to analyse many samples, and cannot be implemented for measuring quality properties in real time. However, sensory analysis is the best way to precisely describe food eating quality, since it is able to define, measure, and explain what is really perceivable by human senses and using a language that closely reflects the consumers’ perception. On the basis of such observations, we developed a detailed protocol for apple sensory profiling by descriptive sensory analysis and instrumental measurements. The collected sensory data were validated by applying rigorous scientific criteria for sensory analysis. The method was then applied for studying sensory properties of apples and their changes in relation to different pre- and post-harvest factors affecting fruit quality, and demonstrated to be able to discriminate fruit varieties and to highlight differences in terms of sensory properties. The instrumental measurements confirmed such results. Moreover, the correlation between sensory and instrumental data was studied, and a new effective approach was defined for the reliable prediction of sensory properties by instrumental characterisation. It is therefore possible to propose the application of this sensory-instrumental tool to all the stakeholders involved in apple production and marketing, to have a reliable description of apple fruit quality.

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Cadena, Rafael Silva 1983. "Sorvete sabor creme tradicional e "light" : perfil sensorial e instrumental". [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254229.

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Orientador: Helena Maria Andre Bolini
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O sorvete é uma matriz altamente complexa de alimento contendo proteínas, gordura, açúcares, ar, minerais, etc. e relações incontáveis entre os diferentes constituintes. No Brasil, o consumo per capita de sorvete é de 3,5 litros ao ano, menos de um quarto do volume dos países nórdicos, como Finlândia, Dinamarca e Noruega, onde o consumo per capita de sorvete é de, aproximadamente, 20 litros por ano, demonstrando que há espaço para o crescimento da indústria sorveteira no Brasil. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar análise de aceitação, análise descritiva quantitativa, análise tempointensidade e análise físico-químicas em sorvetes sabor creme tradicional e ¿light¿ comercializados na região de Campinas/SP. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com auxílio do programa estatístico SAS. Foi aplicado Análise de variância (ANOVA) e Teste de Média de Tukey. O Mapa de Preferência Interno foi feito através do programa XLStat. No teste de aceitação as amostras tradicionais foram melhores aceitas que as amostras ¿light¿, com exceção de uma amostra de sorvete ¿light¿. O método Análise Descritiva Quantitativa diferenciou as amostras pelos atributos cor amarela, brilho, aroma doce, aroma de chocolate branco, aroma de gordura hidrogenada vegetal, gosto doce, sabor de chocolate branco e sabor de gordura vegetal. A análise de tempo-intensidade revelou gosto amargo em uma amostra tradicional e residual amargo nas amostras ¿light¿, gosto residual doce na amostra ¿light¿ preferida pelos consumidores e intensidade de sabor de nata maior nas amostras mais aceitas. As amostras mais aceitas pelos consumidores foram os sorvetes que apresentaram nos testes descritivos mais cor amarela, aroma e gosto doce, aroma e sabor de chocolate branco e espalhabilidade. As amostras mais rejeitadas pelos consumidores foram os sorvetes com maior grau de residual amargo e menor grau de aroma e gosto doce. Em conclusão, o desenvolvimento do perfil sensorial descritivo e os dados do teste de aceitação obtidos na avaliação dos sorvetes de creme tradicional e ¿light¿ comercializados poderão auxiliar a indústria nacional de sorvetes a adotar procedimentos para a melhoria na qualidade e delinear novas estratégias de publicidade
Abstract: Ice cream is a highly complex food matrix, containing proteins, fat, sugars, air, minerals, etc. and countless interfaces between the different constituents. The ice cream per capita consumption in Brazil is 3,5 liters/year, lower than a quarter of the volume consumed in Nordic countries, as Finland, Denmark and Norway, where it is about 20 liters/year, demonstrating that it is possible for the Brazilian ice cream industry to grow. The objective of this study is to carry out acceptation analysis, quantitative-descriptive analysis, time-intensity analysis, physicalchemical analysis in traditional vanilla ice creams and light vanilla ice creams commercialized in Campinas, São Paulo. The quantitative descriptive analysis, time-intensity analysis and acceptance test data were evaluated by the analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey¿s Test and the principal component analysis. The results were statistically analyzed based on the statistical program SAS. The Internal Preference Map was based on XLStat program. The Quantitative Descriptive Analysis method distinguished the brand through attributes as yellow color, shininess, white chocolate aroma, hydrogenated fat, white chocolate flavour and hydrogenated fat taste. Time-intensity analysis revealed a bitter taste in a traditional sample and residual bitter taste in light samples, sweet residual taste in the consumer's favorite light sample and a bigger butterfat intensity taste on the most accepted samples. Consumer's most accepted ice creams samples were those that presented an intense yellow color, aroma and taste of sweet, aroma and taste of white chocolate and spreadability. Consumer's most rejected samples were ice creams with a higher degree of bitter residual and lower degree of aroma and taste of sweet. To conclude, the development of the descriptive sensorial profile and the data of the acceptation test obtained on the light and traditional vanilla ice creams evaluation commercialized may aid the national ice cream industry to adopt new proceedings for quality improvement and would delineate new publicity strategies
Mestrado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição

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Mautner, Helene. "A Cross-System Instrumental Voice Profile of the Aging Voice: With Considerations of Jaw Posture Effects". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5183.

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Purpose: An open mouth approach is used in voice therapy for enhancing speech and voice production and relaxing the laryngeal musculature. The acoustic and physiological consequences of an open jaw posture, however, have not been clearly understood due to a paucity of cross-system studies taking the age effect into consideration. The major aims of this study are twofold (1) to examine if the geriatric voice may be improved using an “open jaw” posture and (2) if an aging effect on the voice of normal healthy adults can be detected through acoustic and physiological measures Method: The main part of this study involved simultaneous multi-channel voice recordings obtained from 85 healthy adults aged between 38 and 93 years. A convenience sampling strategy was used to recruit at least five females and five males in each of four age groups, 35-59 years (35+), 60-69 (60+), 70-79 (70+), and above 80 (80+). For simultaneous acoustic, electroglottographic (EGG), and jaw displacement recordings, participants were asked to perform two tasks which included a sustained vowel task and a sentence production task. The sustained vowel task involved sustaining the vowel /a/ in five different conditions, an isolated vowel /a/ produced at normal, low, and high pitch levels and the vowel /a/ initiated with a consonant (/m/ and /h/). The sentence production task involved production of the sentence 'We saw two cars,' containing the vowels /i, ɔ, u, a/. For simultaneous airflow-EGG recordings, participants were asked to sustain the vowel /a/ at normal pitch. For simultaneous airflow-air pressure-EGG recordings, participants were asked to repeat /pa/ five times in one breath. Participants were asked to perform all of the tasks using two jaw postures (normal and open). A series of univariate analysis of variances were used to identify instrumental measures sensitive for discriminating between the four age groups and the two jaw postures. A follow-up perceptual study was conducted to determine the effect of an open jaw posture on vowel intelligibility and voice clarity. A quota sampling strategy was used to recruit 40 normal hearing participants, including 20 females (age range = 18-42 years, mean = 25.3, SD = 7.9) and 20 males (age range = 18-47, mean = 23.6, SD = 6.7). These listeners were presented with vowels segmented from the sentences recorded in the first experiment and asked to perform a vowel identification and a voice clarity discrimination task. The vowel samples were taken from 40 speakers, with five females and five males in each of the four age groups (35+, 60+, 70+, and 80+). The percentages of correct vowel identification for voices produced with normal and open jaw postures were compared. The percentages of vowels judged as 'clearer' in a normal-open jaw contrast pairs were also calculated for comparison. Results: Significant age group effects were found in this study for both genders on fundamental frequency (F0), voice onset time (VOT) (/ka/), open quotient (OQ), and speed quotient (SQ), with additional age differences detected for females on %jitter, %shimmer, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the second formant frequency (F2), and for males a significant age group effect was found on VOT (/tu/). Results for both females and males revealed significant open jaw posture effects on F0, F2, VOT (/ka/), MFR, SPL and vowel space area. In addition, for females significant posture effects were found on F1, subglottal pressure and the H1-H2 amplitude difference, and for males, significant posture effects were found on %jitter and VOT-/tu/. Results from the follow-up perceptual study revealed that an open jaw posture was associated with better vowel identification and better voice clarity. Conclusions: A selection of instrumental measures was shown to be useful for detecting voice changes due to aging. Instrumental and perceptual evidence was found that an open jaw posture was associated with positive changes in vocal behaviours, including improved phonatory stability, vocal power, and voice clarity.

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Baricich, Alessio. "Clinical and instrumental evaluation of Botulinum Toxin type A safety profile in post stroke spasticity rehabilitation treatment". Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/97207.

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Post stroke spasticity (PSS) occurs approximately in 30% of stroke survivors. Spasticity varies from a subtle neurological sign to a gross increase in tone causing immobility of joints. PSS is associated with several complications, increasing care needs and utilisation of healthcare resources. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been considered as an effective and safe treatment for focal spasticity in stroke survivors, with low prevalence of complications, reversibility of effect, and efficacy in reducing spastic hypertonia. Recent studies estimated that a significant percentage of patients affected by PSS could benefit from higher doses than those permitted by current country directives. However, at present time, there is no general consensus on the maximum dose of BoNT-A in terms of safety and clinical interchangeability among the three commercially approved products (abobotulinumtoxinA, onabotulinumtoxinA, incobotulinumtoxinA). In light of these considerations, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the safety profile of BoNT-A high doses in the treatment of post stroke spasticity. In our research activity we investigated the clinical effect of this treatment in severely affected patients, focusing on both clinical and instrumental assessment of systemic effects of BoNT-A.

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Merlo, Frauca Gabriela. "¿Qué motiva a los alumnos en Suecia a elegir español como idioma moderno?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för utbildningsvetenskap (UV), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-52641.

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The popularity of the Spanish language, as a modern language, has been increasing the last years in Sweden causing the number of study groups in schools to rise. This event led us to question, what motivated the students to choose this language? Perhaps it's because it is considered to be easy to learn? Or that the students are under pressure from their friends that have already chosen it? Why not choose Spanish because the students have it as their mother tongue. For this reason we have decided to realize this comparative dissertation in the three educational levels using the quantitative method by taking a poll of almost 200 students to collect the necessary information. In each poll the students have answered 30 questions or assumptions, grouped according to the type of motivation and student profile. As a result of our work we can mention that we only managed to confirm the first of the three assumptions since the second and the third one couldn’t be substantiated. Keywords: Motivation, intrinsic instrumental motivation, integrative instrumental motivation, extrinsic instrumental motivation, student profile. Palabras clave: Motivación, motivación intrínseca instrumental, motivación intrínseca integradora, motivación extrínseca, perfil del alumno.

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Andrade, Juliana Cunha de. "Aspectos de qualidade para caracterização de salsichas comerciais". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254246.

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Orientador: Helena Maria André Bolini
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A industria de embutidos representa um importante segmento no setor de carnes. O preco acessivel, a praticidade no preparo, e o valor proteico desses produtos contribuem para a evolucao significativa do consumo, tornando-os parte do habito alimentar de uma parcela consideravel de consumidores brasileiros. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a qualidade de salsichas comerciais com maior representatividade no mercado varejista na cidade de Campinas/SP, a fim de encontrar atributos fisicos, quimicos e sensoriais associados a aceitacao do produto pelos consumidores. Foram selecionadas seis marcas de salsicha (A, B, C, D, E e F) e avaliadas quanto ao teor de sodio, amido, nitrito, nitrato, composicao centesimal, pH, analises instrumentais de cor (sistema CIE Lab) e textura, Analise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ) e teste de aceitacao. Foi aplicado Analise de Variancia (ANOVA) e Teste de Media de Tukey pelo programa estatistico SAS. Utilizando o programa XLStat foram gerados o Mapa de Preferencia Interno e a Correlacao dos Quadrados Minimos Parciais. As analises fisico-quimicas indicaram que somente duas amostras (E e F) atenderam aos requisitos de amido, carboidratos totais, umidade, gordura e proteina estabelecidos pela legislacao brasileira sobre os padroes de identidade e qualidade de salsicha. Os resultados das medidas objetivas de cor indicaram que as amostras C, E e F apresentaram maiores valores de luminosidade, coloracao vermelha menos intensa, tanto na superficie externa quanto na interna. Na avaliacao instrumental de textura, os valores medios da forca de cisalhamento foram menores para as amostras C, D e F. A analise de perfil de textura evidenciou que a amostra F apresentou menores dureza e mastigabilidade. A amostra A apresentou o menor valor medio de forca de compressao. Na ADQ, 24 descritores caracterizaram as seis amostras de salsicha. As amostras D, E e F caracterizaram-se principalmente por apresentarem aroma e sabor caracteristico de salsicha e menores intensidades de aroma e sabor de frango. Por outro lado, a amostra C caracterizou-se por apresentar aroma e sabor de frango e soja. A amostra B destacou-se das demais amostras por apresentar sabor de tempero mais intenso e coloracao artificial. E a amostra A destacou-se por apresentar as maiores intensidades de aroma de frango, de soja, cor laranja, cor característica de curado, maciez, arenosidade, sabor de pimenta e de soja, e menores intensidades de aroma e sabor característico de salsicha, suculência, elasticidade e gosto salgado. A Análise de Componentes Principais segmentou as amostras em três grupos, um formado pelas amostras D, E e F, outro formado pela amostra B e o terceiro formado pelas amostras A e C. Os resultados do teste de aceitação indicaram que todas as amostras apresentaram boa aceitação, com exceção da amostra A, enquanto o Mapa de Preferência Interno revelou que as amostras D, E e F foram as preferidas. Por meio da Correlação dos Quadrados Mínimos Parciais observou-se que os aspectos positivos mais importantes para a aceitação de uma amostra de salsicha foram o aroma e o sabor característico de salsicha, enquanto os aspectos negativos foram a maciez e o sabor de pimenta, sendo o sabor de pimenta considerado o mais importante para não estar presente em salsichas. O atributo arenosidade contribuiu negativamente para a aceitabilidade dos produtos
Abstract: The sausage industry represents an important segment in the meat sector. The accessible price of some brands, the convenient preparation and the protein amount in this type of product contribute to the significant increase in the consumption and has made it part of the eating habits of a considerable amount of the Brazilian consumers. This research aimed to evaluate the quality of commercial frankfurter type sausage with greater representativeness in the retail market in the city of Campinas/SP to select physical, chemical and sensory characteristics related to its acceptability by the consumers. Six sausage brands were selected and the amount of sodium, starch, nitrite, nitrate, pH value and proximate composition determined. Instrumental color (CIE Lab system), texture profile analysis, Quantitative Descriptive Analysis and acceptability were carried on. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences between mean values were evaluated by Tukey¿s multiple range test using SAS software. Using XLStat the Internal Preference Map and Partial Least Squares correlations were obtained. The physical and chemical analysis indicated that only two samples (E and F) met the requirements of starch, total carbohydrates, moisture, fat and protein within the Brazilian Legislation on standards of identity and quality of the sausage. Objective measures of color (CIE Lab System) indicated that samples C, E and F presented the highest levels of lightness, less intense red coloring, on its external surface as well as internally. In the instrumental evaluation of texture the mean values of shear force were smaller for samples C, D and F. The texture profile analysis showed that sample F presented the lowest values for hardness and chewiness, while sample A presented the lowest average of compression force among samples. In the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) 24 attributes characterized the six samples of sausages. Samples D, E and F, were mainly characterized by its aroma, typical sausage flavor, less intensity of chicken aroma and flavor. However, sample C was characterized by its chicken and soybean aroma and flavor. Sample B stood out due to its intense seasoning flavor and artificial color, while sample A stood out due to its intensity of the aroma of chicken, soybean, orange color, cured color, softness, sandiness (perception of tiny hard bone particles), pepper, soybean flavor and less intensity of aroma and flavor of typical sausage, juiciness, springiness and salty taste. The Principle Components Analysis divided the samples in three groups, one formed by sample D, E and F, another formed by sample B and the third formed by sample A and C. The results of the acceptance test revealed that samples D, E and F were the most preferred. All samples presented a good acceptance except for sample A. By correlation of Partial Least Squares between the samples, regarding the attributes of QDA and overall impression of the acceptance test, it was observed that the most important characteristics for the acceptance of a sample of sausage were the typical aroma and flavor of sausage, meanwhile the negative aspects were softness and the pepper flavor, which was the most important to not be present in the sausage. The attribute sandiness contributed negatively for the samples acceptance
Mestrado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição

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Iborra, Bernad María del Consuelo. "Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysis". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32953.

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Los objetivos de la presente tesis fueron comparar el efecto de tres técnicas de cocción en varios vegetales y su selección para cada producto estudiado. Para ello, los trabajos realizados han considerado los cambios en las propiedades físico-químicas, nutricionales, sensoriales y la microestructura. Asimismo, como respuesta al reto de aplicar tratamientos equivalentes en firmeza con diferentes técnicas de cocción se ha propuesto una metodología que combina los diseños experimentales de superficie respuesta (RSM) con análisis instrumentales y sensoriales. Los tratamientos térmicos estudiados fueron la cocción tradicional (TC¿ agua hirviendo a 100 °C) junto con dos tratamientos que utilizan el vacío en el procesado: el cook-vide (CV¿ cocción a vacío continuo donde los alimentos están en contacto con agua hirviendo a baja presión) y el sous-vide (SV¿ cocción de alimentos previamente embolsados a vacío donde el alimento está separado del agua de cocción). Los vegetales objeto de estudio fueron la patata morada (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte), la judía verde (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Estefania), la zanahoria (Daucus carota L. cv. Nantesa) y la col lombarda (o repollo colorado) (Brassica oleracea convar. capitata var. capitata f. rubra). Considerando muestras con firmeza instrumental similar y las propiedades nutricionales y sensoriales (especialmente aroma y sabor), incluyendo la aceptación del consumidor, se recomienda la cocción SV para los vegetales estudiados, excepto para la zanahoria. En el caso de este vegetal el cocinado tradicional (100 °C) mantiene la aceptabilidad del consumidor y aumenta la extracción de los ß-carotenos por lo que se considera más recomendable que el SV.
Iborra Bernad, MDC. (2013). Comparison of vacuum treatments and traditional cooking in vegetables using instrumental and sensory analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32953
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Deus, Kátia Oliveira de. "Qualidade de pão-de-forma sem glúten a base co-produtos de arroz e soja, com hidrocolóides e ou transglutaminase". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5932.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
The search for baked goods without gluten good physical, chemical and microbiological, and acceptance have provided various surveys. In order to replace the gluten in breads consumer medium for celiac disease patients, various strategies have been employed such as the use of hydrocolloids and enzymes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a technological standpoint, nutritional, microbiological and acceptance of gluten-free bun obtained from different proportions soy by-products (okara) and rice (bran and grain flour broken), type and dose of hydrocolloids, and dose of transglutaminase enzyme, seeking alternatives to supply the growing market for products for coeliacs, as well as enhancement of agro-industrial subproutos rice and soybeans. All formulations had good sensory acceptance by the tasters, but with 65 g 100 g-1 rice flour, 10 g 100 g-1 rice bran and 25 g 100 g-1 okara flour presented the best physical quality, obtaining the greater desirability compared to commercial standard, and was accepted sensory, with average grade above 6 (like slightly). Use of hydrocolloids increased the specific volume of loaves of bread and improved textural characteristics. The form of gluten bread with 2 g 100g-1 of xanthan gum showed the highest specific volume (1.82 cm3 g-1). The transglutaminase of microbial origin increased by 9 %, the specific volume of gluten loaves with 10 U of transglutaminase per g of protein, 16 % lower hardness, indicating softness of bread, which showed 5 % more cohesive than those without transglutaminase. Regarding the commercial form of the selected bread specific volume was obtained 11 % higher and 110 % softer than bread trade marks. The gluten form of bread made with 65 g 100 g-1 of rice flour, 10 g 100 g-1 of rice bran and 25 g 100 g-1 okara flour with the addition of 2 g 100 g-1 xanthan gum and 10 U transglutaminase per g protein, showed the best results in texture with 16 % less hardness, 5 % more cohesiveness, 9 % more bulk, more elastic 2 % and 10 % decrease in chewiness. The loaf of bread obtained sensory acceptance indicating their potential for marketing of food with 45.83 g 100g-1 protein, rich in dietary fiber (10.17 g 100 g-1), and 1.61 g 100 g-1 in soluble fiber and 8.57 g 100 g-1 in insoluble fiber, providing a healthier alternative for consumers of celiac disease patients.
A busca por produtos de panificação sem glúten de boa qualidade física, química e microbiológica, e aceitação vêm proporcionado várias pesquisas. No sentido de se substituir o glúten em pães-de-forma para consumidores portadores de doença celíaca, várias estratégias tem sido empregadas, tais como o uso de hidrocolóides e enzimas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do ponto de vista tecnológico, nutricional, microbiológico e aceitação do pão-de-forma sem glúten obtido a partir de diferentes proporções de co-produtos de soja (okara) e de arroz (farelo e farinha de grãos quebrados), tipo e dose de hidrocolóides, e dose de enzima transglutaminase, buscando alternativas para suprir o crescente mercado de produtos para celíacos, além da valorização dos subproutos agroindustriais do arroz e da soja. Todas as formulações tiveram boa aceitação sensorial por parte dos provadores, mas a com 65 g 100 g-1 de farinha de arroz, 10 g 100 g-1 de farelo de arroz e 25 g 100 g-1 de farinha de okara foi a que apresentou melhor qualidade física, obtendo a maior desejabilidade comparada com padrão comercial, e foi aceita sensorialmente, com nota média acima de 6 (gostei ligeiramente). O uso de hidrocolóides aumentou o volume específico dos pães-de-forma e melhorou as características texturais. O pão-de-forma sem glúten com 2 g 100 g-1 de goma xantana obteve o maior volume específico (1,82 cm3 g-1). A transglutaminase de origem microbiana aumentou 9 % o volume específico dos pães-de-forma sem glúten com 10 U de transglutaminase por g de proteína, 16 % menos dureza, indicando maior maciez do pão, que se mostraram 5 % mais coesos que os sem transglutaminase. Em relação aos comerciais o pão-de-forma selecionado obteve volume específico 11 % maior e 110 % mais macio que o pão comercial da marca A. O pão-de-forma sem glúten feito com 65 g 100 g-1 de farinha de arroz, 10 g 100 g-1 de farelo de arroz e 25 g 100 g-1 de farinha de okara com adição de 2 g 100 g-1 de goma xantana e 10 U de transglutaminase por g de proteína, foi o que apresentou melhores resultados em textura com 16 % menos dureza, 5 % mais coesividade, 9 % a mais de volume específico, 2 % mais elástico e 10 % de diminuição na mastigabilidade. O pão-de-forma obteve aceitação sensorial indicando o seu potencial para comercialização deste alimento, com 45,83 g 100 g-1 de proteínas, alto conteúdo de fibra alimentar (10,17 g 100 g-1), sendo 1,61 g 100 g-1 de fibra solúvel e 8,57 g 100 g-1 de fibra insolúvel, constituindo uma alternativa saudável para os consumidores portadores de doença celíaca.

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Peixoto, Isabella Faria da Cunha. "Caracterização dimensional e comportamento mecânico de instrumentos rotatórios de NiTi PROFILE GT e PROFILE GT Series X". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ZMRO-877K5F.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the flexural fatigue and torsional resistance of ProFile GT (Dentsply-Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland) and ProFile GT Series X (GTX) (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Oklahoma, USA) instruments, taking into account their structural and dimensional characteristics. The instrument diameter at each millimeter from the tip and pitch length were the dimensional parameters measured. Chemical composition was determined by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and phase constitution by x-ray diffraction. Vickers microhardness measurements were performed to assess instrument strength. One group of 20/.06 GT and GTX instruments (n = 10 each) was tested until failure in a flexural fatigue test device, whereas another group of 20/.04 files (n = 10 each) was tested in torsion based on ISO 3630-1. GT and GTX instruments showed approximately the same chemical composition, namely 51at%Ni- 49at%Ti (56wt%Ni-44wt%Ti) and contained mainly the â-phase. GTX instruments showed higher intensity x-ray diffraction peaks and a statistically higher Vickers microhardness. There was a significant decrease in the diameter of GTX in relation to GT instruments from D6 to D9 for 20/.04 instruments and from D4 to D7 for 20/.06 instruments. Pitch length increased along the active part of both instruments, with a steeper increase in GTX. In general, GT Series X instruments were significantly more resistant to flexural fatigue than were similar GT instruments (p < 0.001) but exhibited lower torsional strength (p < 0.001). Different structural and dimensional characteristics were found in GTX instruments in comparison with GT instruments; this is probably the cause for their higher flexural fatigue resistance and lower torsional strength.
Neste trabalho foi avaliada, a resistencia a fadiga e o comportamento em torcao de instrumentos ProFile GT (Dentsply-Maillefer, Baillagues, Suica) e ProFile GT Series X (GTX) (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Oklahoma, USA). A composicao quimica da liga NiTi foi analisada semi-quantitativamente por espectroscopia de energia de raios-X (EDS), as fases presentes foram identificadas atraves de analises por difratometria de raios-XDRX, as temperaturas de transformacao identificadas por calorimetria exploratoria diferencial (DSC) e o acabamento superficial foi avaliado por microscopia eletronica de varredura (MEV). A avaliacao dimensional foi realizada atraves de fotografias dos instrumentos pelo software Image-Pro Plus 6.0. Os instrumentos foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo experimental de fadiga, com 20 instrumentos novos GT e GTX de calibre 20 e taper .06 (n=10) ensaiados ate a ruptura em dispositivo de bancada de fadiga, para determinacao do numero de ciclos ate a fratura (NCF). Grupo experimental de torcao com 20 instrumentos novos GT e GTX de calibre 20 e taper .04 (n=10) ensaiados em torcao ate a ruptura, para determinacao dos valores medios de torque maximo e de deflexao angular ate a fratura. Os resultados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste ANOVA (95% de confiabilidade). Todos os instrumentos apresentaram caracteristicas superficiais satisfatorias. A composicao quimica foi a mesma em todos os instrumentos analisados, aproximadamente 50,5%Ni-49,5%Ti atomica. Os difratogramas, de GT e GTX, apresentaram apenas a presenca da austenita (fase À, de estrutura B2) e as temperaturas de transformacao variaram, sugerindo possiveis diferencas nos tratamentos termicos dos fios. Os instrumentos GTX 20/.06 apresentaram resistencia a fadiga significativamente maior, quando comparados aos instrumentos GT 20/.06. Os instrumentos GT 20/.04 apresentaram valores de torque maximos significativamente maiores que os instrumentos GTX, embora menores valores de deflexao angular ate a fratura. Considerando que os dois instrumentos apresentam geometria e diametros similares, e possivel que o tratamento termico utilizado na liga (M-Wire) tenha influenciado o comportamento mecanico dos instrumentos analisados neste estudo.

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Salum, Graziela. "Avaliação da capacidade de corte e resistência à fadiga cíclica dos instrumentos Profile Vortex e ProTaper". Universidade de Taubaté, 2012. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=604.

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Objetivo: Analisar in vitro a capacidade de corte e a resistência à fadiga cíclica dos sistemas rotatórios ProFile Vortex (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, USA) e ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Suíça). Metodologia: Para a análise da capacidade de corte, pesou-se em balança analítica digital cem blocos de resina fenólica que continham canais simulados com 75 de curvatura, obtendo-se os pesos iniciais (P0) e após a instrumentação dos canais, estes blocos foram novamente pesados obtendo-se os pesos finais (P1). Dividiram-se quarenta instrumentos em dois grupos. Grupo A: vinte instrumentos ProFile Vortex n25; 25mm; taper.06 e Grupo B: vinte instrumentos ProTaper F1; 25mm. Subdividiu-se em dois subgrupos com dez amostras cada, de acordo com o número de usos, sendo estabelecidos da seguinte maneira: grupos A0 e B0, instrumentos sem nenhum uso e grupos A5 e B5, instrumentos de cinco usos. Avaliou-se a resistência à fadiga cíclica submetendo-se todos os instrumentos a ensaio dinâmico, utilizando-se dispositivo desenvolvido para tal, até a ocorrência da fratura que foi constatada visualmente. O número de ciclos até a fratura assim como o tempo expresso em segundos foram registrados e realizou-se estatística descritiva, o teste `t de Student e o teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Em todos os blocos houve perda de peso, porém sem significado estatístico (Pvalor>0,05). Os instrumentos Profile Vortex removeram mais material e completaram maior número de ciclos até a fratura, com significância estatística (Pvalor>0,05) quando comparados com os instrumentos Protaper. Conclusão: A capacidade de corte em função do número de uso e a resistência à fadiga cíclica, nos parâmetros utilizados neste estudo, foram maiores para os instrumentos Profile Vortex quando comparados com os instrumentos Protaper.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the ability to cut and cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary systems ProFile Vortex (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, USA) and ProTaper (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland). Methods: To analyze the ability to cut weight in analytical scale digital block one hundred made of phenolic resin containing simulated channels 75 curvature obtaining to the initial weights (P0) and following the instrumentation of canals, these blocks were weighed again obtaining is the end weight (P1). Instruments forty were divided into two groups. Group A: twenty ProFile Vortex instruments n25, 25mm; taper.06 and Group B: twenty ProTaper instruments F1, 25mm. Subdivided into two subgroups with ten samples each, according to the number of uses, is established as follows: A0, B0 groups, without using tools and groups A5 and B5, five uses instruments. To evaluate the fatigue resistance cyclic submitting all the dynamic test instruments using device developed for this purpose, until the occurrence of fracture was observed visually. O number of cycles fracture to and the time in seconds were recorded and analysis descriptive, the `t Student test and Mann-Whitney. Results: In every block there was weight loss, however no statistical significance (Pvalor> 0.05). The Vortex Profile instruments removed more material and completed a greater number of cycles to fracture, with statistical significance when compared with the instruments Protaper (Pvalor> 0.05). Conclusions: The cutting ability the number of use and cyclic fatigue resistance, the parameters used in this study were higher for the Vortex Profile instruments when compared with Protaper instruments.

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Blanchard, Coralie. "Etude des facteurs influençant la structure et la texture de produits céréaliers alvéolés de cuisson semi-humide : une approche instrumentale et sensorielle de caractérisation de la texture". Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS001/document.

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La texture, manifestation sensorielle des propriétés structurales, mécaniques et de surface d’un matériau constitue un paramètre clé dans l’évaluation des produits alimentaires. Elle reflète leur qualité, leur fraîcheur et influence l’acceptabilité du produit par le consommateur déterminant l’intention de ré-achat. Dans la littérature scientifique, la plupart des travaux portant sur la texture des produits céréaliers ont étudié des matrices alimentaires telles que le pain ou les biscuits mais plus rares sont les travaux sur les gâteaux type cake. L’objectif de ce travail est donc de caractériser le moelleux d’un produit de type cake de sa mise en place à son évolution au cours de la conservation du produit au moyen de méthodes instrumentales et sensorielles. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié l’influence de la nature de la farine, du procédé de fabrication et de l’aération des produits sur caractère moelleux au travers de méthodes instrumentales et sensorielles. La caractérisation instrumentale des produits moelleux et la structure de leur mie ont été évaluées par des mesures rhéologiques (texturomètre, DMTA) et d’imagerie (XR-Tomography). La caractérisation sensorielle a été menée par l’établissement d’un profil sensoriel de la texture avec un panel entraîné évaluant l’aspect des produits et les sensations perçues au toucher et en bouche. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié les propriétés fonctionnelles des farines et de leurs composants en milieu modèle et complexe par différentes méthodes physico-chimiques (rhéologie des pâtes, analyse enthalpique différentielle, microscopie, diffraction RX). Enfin, les mesures sensorielles et instrumentales ont été mises en relation via une analyse factorielle multiple dans le but de déterminer des méthodes instrumentales permettant de caractériser le caractère moelleux des produits de type cake. Les résultats montrent que l’aération de la mie et la composition de la farine sont les facteurs clés du moelleux dans ce type de produit. L’évaluer et le sélectionner sur la base de ses caractéristiques physico-chimiques (élasticité, fermeté, aération) s’avère possible compte tenu de la stabilité de sa texture au cours du temps afin de pouvoir anticiper sur l’acceptabilité du produit par le consommateur le plus tôt possible dans son processus de développement
Since texture is the manifestation of structural, mechanical and surface properties of a material, it represents a key characteristic for food materials. It reflects food quality, freshness perception influencing consumer acceptance.Studies encountered in the scientific literature that are devoted to cereal based foods texture are foremost based on bread also biscuits scarcely on cakes. This study entitled ‘study of the different factors influencing the structure and the texture of semi-humid baked aerated cereal products: sensory and instrumental dimensions of texture’ focus on cake softness characterization, set up and evolution. First, the investigation of the influence of soft wheat flour origin, making process and aeration properties on cake texture is proposed. Instrumental characterization of cake texture properties was performed through high deformation using TPA and relaxation tests. Several approaches were attempted to determine cake crumb structure including rheology, microscopy; image analysis and X Ray-Tomography. Sensory characterization of cake texture was achieved through descriptive texture profile involving establishment of our trained panel. Second, we peer into the functional properties of wheat flour also of its gluten and starch components, physico-chemical methods among which fluid rheology, differential scanning calorimetry, optic microscopy and X-Ray powder diffraction are employed. The results are discussed in terms of physical and chemical changes that cake dough ingredients undergo upon making process. This investigation highlights that several parameters are substantially involved in cake structure set up and final texture perception. Suitable flour choice (composition, components quality) and aeration management are critical factors for the elaboration of a product to be perceived the softest as possible. Also, regarding evolution of texture, it is possible to state on the selection of a product whether than another at early development stages allowing anticipate on consumer acceptance

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Bahia, Maria Guiomar de Azevedo. "Resistência à fadiga e comportamento em torção de instrumentos endodônticos de NiTi Profile". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8DPK9D.

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A comparative study of the torsion behavior and of the fatigue resistance of rotary NiTi endodontic instruments was performed in this work. ProFile 20/.04, 25/.04, 30/.04, 20/.06, 25/.06 e 30/.06 instruments were analyzed at the following conditions: Control Group 01, containing 10 non-used instruments of each size and taper, tested until rupture in fatigue in a bench machine, inside an artificial canal made of quenched toolsteel, with a 5mm curvature radius and an angle of curvature of 45°; Experimental Group 01, with 15 instruments of each type, previously employed for cleaning and shaping the root canal system of 10 curved canals in human molars during normal clinical practice; Control Group 02, with 10 non-used instruments of each size and tape, tested until breakage in torsion, according to Specification No. 28 of the American Dental Association ADA; Experimental Groups 02 and 03, each group containing 10 instruments of the same size and taper, previously submitted to fatigue tests interrupted at 1/2 and 3/4 of the instruments fatigue life. Analysis of the results obtained showed that the fatigue resistance of Profile instruments, measured by the number of cycles to failure, varies inversely with the strain amplitude. Besides that, the use of the instruments for cleaning and shaping 10 curved radicular canals reduces in more than 50% their fatigue life. It has also been observed that the instruments fatigued up to 1/2 and 3/4 of their fatigue life decrease their resistance in torsion by 29 and 32%, respectively. Analysis of the fracture surfaces showed that the presence of multiple secondary cracks, whose nucleation is probably associated to the high density of interfaces and other structural imperfections in martensite, may give rise to an efficient mechanism for the dissipation of energy, being, thus, the main mechanism responsible for the slow fatigue crack propagation in NiTi alloys.
Neste trabalho foi realizado um estudo comparativo do comportamento em torção e da resistência à fadiga de instrumentos endodônticos de NiTi acionados a motor. Foram analisados os instrumentos ProFile 20/.04, 25/.04, 30/.04, 20/.06, 25/.06 e 30/.06 nas seguintes condições: Grupo Controle 01, constituído de 10 instrumentos de cada tipo sem uso, ensaiados até a ruptura em fadiga, utilizando um dispositivo de bancada com canal artificial de aço ferramenta temperado, com raio de curvatura de 5mm e ângulo de curvatura de 45; Grupo Experimental 01, com 15 instrumentos de cada tipo, utilizados na prática clínica para limpeza e formatação de 10 canais radiculares curvos de molares humanos; Grupo Controle 02, com 10 instrumentos de cada tipo sem uso, ensaiados até a ruptura em torção, conforme a Especificação No. 28 da American Dental Association - ADA. Grupos Experimentais 02 e 03, com 10 instrumentos de cada tipo por grupo, previamente submetidos à deformação cíclica, em condições de laboratório, até 1/2 e 3/4 de sua vida em fadiga e, em seguida, ensaiados até a ruptura em torção. A análise dos resultados mostrou que o emprego dos instrumentos na formatação de 10 canais radiculares curvos reduz em mais de 50% sua vida em fadiga. Além disso, foi observado que a fadiga dos instrumentos até 1/2 e 3/4 de sua vida útil reduz sua resistência em torção em até 29 e 32%, respectivamente. A análise das superfícies de fratura mostrou características de fratura dúctil (dimples), com a região fibrosa abrangendo quase toda a superfície de fratura, e pequenas áreas lisas, restritas à periferia, com estrias de fadiga. Observou-se ainda a presença de múltiplas trincas secundárias, cuja nucleação, provavelmente associada à alta densidade de interfaces e imperfeições estruturais da martensita, pode proporcionar um modo eficiente de dissipação de energia, constituindo, assim, o principal mecanismo responsável pela lenta propagação de trincas de fadiga nas ligas NiTi.

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Almohalha, Lucieny. "Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Infant Sensory Profile 2 e do Toddler Sensory Profile 2 para crianças brasileiras de 0 a 35 meses". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-03072018-162225/.

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A mensuração do desenvolvimento sensorial tem se tornado um componente necessário na avaliação clínica e no planejamento terapêutico ocupacional para intervenções com bebês e crianças pequenas. Estudos sobre traduções, adaptações culturais e validação de instrumentos para obtenção de medidas válidas e confiáveis tem sido incorporado mais frequentemente em pesquisas no campo da terapia ocupacional. Este estudo metodológico, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, teve como objetivo descrever o processo de tradução, adaptação cultural e validação das propriedades psicométricas dos instrumentos Infant Sensory Profile 2 (ISP 2) e Toddler Sensory Profile 2 (TSP 2) para crianças brasileiras. A pequisa foi conduzida em ambulatório pediátrico e em laboratórios de pesquisas vinculados à Universidade de São Paulo e Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. A amostra total incluiu 303 pais/cuidadores de crianças de 0 a 35 meses com desenvolvimento típico e atípico. Métodos: O desenvolvimento das versões para o português do Brasil constou de duas etapas, a primeira consistiu do processo de tradução, retrotradução, estudo de validade de conteúdo e de fase pré-teste em estudo piloto; na segunda etapa, foram realizados estudos psicométricos por meio da consistência interna, fidedignidade teste-reteste, análise fatorial confirmatória, e análise de pontos de corte de escores. Para a primeira etapa, os resultados mostraram que, a partir da validade de face, houve adequação semântica e compreensibilidade de ambos os instrumentos por parte dos respondentes. Para a etapa dois, o software STATA auxiliou nas análises, e o ISP 2 apresentou consistência interna total > 0.70, mas quando analisado por áreas sensoriais a consistência foi < que 0.70. Com relação ao TSP 2, apresentou consistência interna total > 0.80, mas quando analisado por áreas sensoriais a consistência foi < que 0.70 com exceção das áreas auditiva e visual, e em relação aos quadrantes, todos os valores de alfa foram < que 0.70. Sobre o teste-reteste, para ambos os instrumentos, houve alta concordância com valor de Kappa ponderado na categoria quase perfeita. Entretanto, a análise fatorial confirmatória não confirma a estrutura atual dos instrumentos. A rotação da matriz mostrou que itens poderiam ser alocados em domínios diferentes aos que pertencem originalmente, demonstrando correlações distintas entre os itens e dimensões. Os pontos de corte dos escores brasileiros foram diferentes dos americanos. Destaca-se, como considerações finais, a importância em analisar e testar a estrutura fatorial exploratória e confirmatória de ambos os instrumentos uma vez que houve diferenças significantes ente as versões brasileiras do ISP 2 e TSP 2 para a população brasileira de crianças de 0 a 3 meses de idade, verificar as equivalências das cargas fatoriais, as quantidades de itens por domínios, as covariâncias entre os fatores dos instrumentos e os erros de medida. Ainda seria importante verificar a invariância das medidas, seja através da análise fatorial ou da teoria de resposta ao item
Sensory development measurement has become a necessary component in clinical assessment and occupational therapy planning for interventions with infants and young children. Studies related to translations, cultural adaptations and validation of instruments to obtain valid and reliable measures have been incorporated more frequently in researches in the occupational therapy field. This cross-sectional methodological study, with a quantitative approach, aimed to describe the process of translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the psychometric properties of the Infant Sensory Profile 2 (ISP 2) and Toddler Sensory Profile 2 (TSP 2) to brazilian children. The research was conducted in a pediatric outpatient clinic and in research laboratories linked to the University São Paulo and the Federal University of the Triângulo Mineiro. The total sample included 303 parents/caregivers of children aged 0-35 months with typical and atypical development. The development of the Brazilian Portuguese versions was done in two steps, the first one consisted of the translation process, back translation, content validity study and pre-test phase in a pilot study; in the second stage, psychometric studies were performed through internal consistency, test-retest reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, and analysis of cut-off scores. For the first step, the results showed that, from the face validity, there was semantic adequacy and comprehensibility of both instruments by the respondents. For step two, the STATA software assisted in the analyzes, and the ISP 2 presented total internal consistency > 0.70, but when analyzed by sensory areas the consistency was < 0.70. Regarding TSP 2, it presented total internal consistency > 0.80, but when analyzed by sensory areas the consistency was < 0.70, except for auditory and visual areas, and in relation to the quadrants, all alpha values were lower than 0.70. On test-retest analysis, for both instruments, there was high agreement with weighted Kappa value in the almost perfect category. However, the confirmatory factor analysis does not confirm the current structure of this instrument. The rotation of the matrix showed that items could be allocated in domains other than those that originally belonged, showing distinct correlations between items and dimensions. The cut-off points of the Brazilian scores were different from the American ones. As final considerations, it is important to analyze and test the exploratory and confirmatory factorial structure of both instruments since there were significant differences between the Brazilian versions of ISP 2 and TSP 2 for the Brazilian population of children aged 0 to 3 months age; to verify the equivalence of factorial loads; the quantity of items by domains; the covariance between the factors of the instrument and the measurement errors. It is still important to verify the invariance of the measurements, either through factor analysis or item response theory

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Dubravka, Škrobot. "Senzorski, nutritivni i funkcionalni profil integralne testenine sa dodatkom heljdinog brašna". Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=100517&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U okviru disertacije ispitani su i upoređeni pokazatelji kvaliteta integralnog pšeničnog i integralnog heljdinog brašna dobijenog mlevenjem netretiranih (netretirano integralno heljdino brašno) i autoklaviranih zrna heljde (autoklavirano integralno heljdino brašno). Nakon ispitivanja nutritivnih i funkcionalnih svojstava pomenutih brašna, kreirane su i proizvedene integralne taljatele sa različitim sadržajem integralnog heljdinog brašna (10–30%).Pokazatelji senzorskog, nutritivnog i funkcionalnog kvaliteta proizvedenih taljatela sa integralnim heljdinim brašnima ispitani su u poređenju sa kontrolnim uzorkom taljatela od integralnog pšeničnog brašna.U ispitivanim uzorcima brašna i taljatela određeni su osnovni hemijski sastav, sadržaj mineralnih materija, sadržaj ukupnih rastvorljivih polifenola, utvrđen je kvalitativni i kvantitativni sastav polifenolnih jedinjenja, ispitana je antiradikalska aktivnost na DPPH˙ i određen je sadržaj fitinske kiseline i 5-hidroksimetilfurfural.Pored analize nutritivnih i funkcionalnih svojstava, na taljatelama su sprovedena ispitivanja fizičkih osobina (dimenzije) i svojstva taljatela pri kuvanju. Instrumentalno su izmereni boja i teksturna svojstva nekuvanih i kuvanih taljatela. Senzorska ocena taljatela sprovedena je uz primenu panela utreniranih ocenjivača, metodom bodovanja i panela potrošača, testom dopadljivosti.Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da se supstitucijom dela integralnog pšeničnog brašna integralnim heljdinim brašnom (autoklaviranim ili netretiranim) postiže unapređenje nutritivnog i funkcionalnog profila uzoraka obogaćenih taljatela, uz manje ili više izraženo narušavanje senzorskog profila, u zavisnosti od stepena supstitucije i vrste integralnog heljdinog brašna.
This study investigated quality parameters of wholegrain wheat flour and wholegrain buckwheat flour from non-treated buckwheat grains (non-treated wholegrain buckwheat flour) and autoclaved buckwheat grains (autoclaved wholegrain buckwheat flour). After investigation of nutritional and functional properties of aforementioned flours, new wholegrain tagliatelle formulations, with different wholegrain buckwheat flour content (10–30%) have been developed.Sensory, nutritional and functional quality parameters of buckwheat containing tagliatelle samples were analysed and compared with control tagliatelle sample from wholegrain wheat flour.Proximate composition, content of minerals, content of total polyphenols and quantitative and qualitative composition of polyphenols were investigated in both, flour samples and produced uncooked and cooked tagliatelle samples. Antiradical activity on DPPH radicals, and content of less favourable compounds, phytic acid and HMF, have been tested, as well.Tagliatelle physical properties, dimensions, cooking properties, colour and textural properties were determined by instrumental and sensory methods. Tagliatelle acceptability was evaluated by the consumers. The obtained results indicate that wholegrain buckwheat flour (autoclaved or non-treated) incorporation into tagliatelle formulation led to an improvement of nutritional and functional profiles of tagliatelle samples, followed by greater or lesser deterioaration of sensory profile, depending on substitution level and type of wholegrain buckwheat flour.

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Alves, Juliano de Lima. "Análise comparativa do comportamento mecânico dos instrumentos rotatórios de NiTi Profile Vortex, Race e proTaper Universal". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ZMRO-8JVNYD.

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The mechanical properties of endodontic instruments are important parameters for the safe and efficient clinical use in endodontic practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the geometric characteristics, the structural, physical, chemical and mechanical properties of NiTi endodontic instruments ProFile Vortex, RaCe and ProTaper Universal. The chemical components have all been analyzed with X-Ray energy spectroscopy, the present phases determined by X-Ray diffractions, the transformation temperatures obtained with differential scanning calorimeter and the topographic features were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The geometric and dimensional characteristics, especially the area and diameter 3 mm from the tip were analyzed using the ImagePro Plus 6.0 software. The mechanical behavior was evaluated by bending and torsion tests, as specified by ISO 3630-1, and flexural fatigue test until fracture. Data were analyzed by ANOVA with a confidence level of 95%. The instruments Vortex, RaCe and ProTaper Universal showed similar chemical composition and -phase as the main constituent at room temperature. However, the average values of transformation temperatures of the instrument Vortex were significantly higher than other rotary systems tested. The Vortex instruments were significantly more flexible, possibly due to thermomechanical treatments they have undergone during manufacture. Instruments Vortex 25/.06 showed peak torque significantly higher than those of RaCe 25/.06 and ProTaper F1. However, in the group with the highest caliber, ProTaper F2 instrument showed the statistically most torsional resistance. In the fatigue tests, Vortex system showed a significantly higher fatigue life than the other instruments examined. Whereas instruments have similar diameters and geometry, the thermomechanical treatment performed in the M-Wire wire used in producing the Vortex system, represented an important improvement in the mechanical properties of the instruments, when compared with rotary systems manufactured with conventional NiTi wires.
As propriedades mecânicas dos instrumentos endodônticos são parâmetros relevantes para o uso clínico seguro e eficiente na prática endodôntica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características geométricas, as propriedades estruturais, físicas, químicas e mecânicas dos instrumentos endodônticos de NiTi ProFile Vortex, RaCe e ProTaper Universal. A composição química da liga NiTi foi analisada semi-quantitativamente por espectroscopia de energia de raios-X, as fases presentes foram identificadas através de análises por difratometria de raios-X, as temperaturas de transformação foram determinadas por calorimetria exploratória diferencial e o acabamento superficial foi avaliado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. As características geométricas e dimensionais, principalmente diâmetro e a área a 3 mm da ponta foram analisadas através do software ImagePro Plus 6.0. O comportamento mecânico foi avaliado através de ensaios de flexão e torção, conforme especificação ISO 3630-1, e teste de fadiga flexural até fratura. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA com um nível de confiança de 95%. Os instrumentos Vortex, RaCe e ProTaper Universal apresentaram composição química semelhante e fase como principal constituinte à temperatura ambiente. Entretanto, os valores médios das temperaturas de transformação do instrumento Vortex foram estatisticamente maiores do que os demais sistemas rotatórios testados. Os instrumentos Vortex foram significativamente mais flexíveis, possivelmente devido aos tratamentos termomecânico a que foram submetidos durante a fabricação. Os instrumentos Vortex 25/.06 apresentaram valores de torque máximo significativamente superiores àqueles dos instrumentos RaCe 25/.06 e ProTaper F1. Porém, no grupo com maior calibre, o instrumento ProTaper F2 foi o que apresentou estatisticamente a maior resistência torcional. Nos ensaios de fadiga, sistema Vortex apresentou uma vida em fadiga significativamente maior que os demais instrumentos analisados. Considerando que os instrumentos apresentam geometria e diâmetros similares, o tratamento termomecânico realizado no fio M-Wire utilizado na produção do sistema Vortex, representou importante melhora nas propriedades mecânicas dos instrumentos, quando comparado com sistemas rotatórios fabricados com fios de NiTi convencionais.

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16

Candusso, Jean-Pierre. "Mini-profileur de vent V. H. F. Opérationnel : validation instrumentale déconvolution des données". Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0003.

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Développés depuis plusieurs décennies, les radars profileurs de vent sont des instruments opérationnels d'observation de 1'atmosphère, tout en continuant à relever du domaine de la Recherche. Ils trouvent en effet leur emploi dans des applications concrètes {météorologie, pollution, sécurité, etc) mais continuent d'être les objets de la recherche instrumentale et méthodologique (interferométries fréquentielle et temporelle, etc) et les instruments d'étude de la physique du milieu atmosphérique (circulation, turbulence, etc]. L'utilisation de deux gammes de fréquences différentes autour d'une technique radar identique scinde la famille des profileurs de vent en deux groupes aux investigations complémentaires: les grands radars VHP (30-300 MHz) sont classiquement destinés aux sondages à moyenne et haute altitude, tandis que les petits profileurs UHF (0. 3-3 GHz) effectuent l'essentiel de leurs mesures dans la couche limite atmosphérique. Nous présentons dans cette thèse un radar VHP au nombre d'antennes réduit, le "mini-radar", qui concilie les avantages d'une faible surface d'antennes permettant le sondage aux basses altitudes, et de l'utilisation de la gamine VHP rendant le système peu sensible aux précipitations, oiseaux, insectes, qui sont autant d'échos indésirables aux fréquences UHF. La contre-partie de l'utilisation d'un petit nombre d'antennes est l'élargissement du faisceau, provoquant en tir oblique un recouvrement des zones explorées qui peut entraîner des erreurs lors de l'estimation de la vitesse du vent par la méthode classique des "moments". Après la validation instrumentale du mini-radar par une étude statistique comparative entre ses mesures "brutes" et celles d'un grand radar VHP, et par une campagne en mode opérationnel en Antarctique, nous proposons une étude du phénomène de recouvrement qui aboutit à la mise au point d'une nouvelle méthode spectrale permettant de corriger les mesures du mini-radar qui nécessitent une opération de "déconvolution"
Developed for several decades, wind profilers are operational instruments of the atmosphere observation, while continuing to come under the field of Research. They indeed find their employment in concrete applications {meteorology, pollution, security, etc) but continue to be the objects of instrumental and methodological researches (frequential and temporal interferometries, etc) and the instruments of atmospheric medium study (circulation, turbulence, etc]. The use of two different frequency bands around an identical radar technique divides the wind profilers family into two groups with complementary investigations: large VHP radars (30-300 MHz) are classically intended for surveys at average and high altitude, while small UHF profilers (0-3-3 GHz) carry out the main part of their measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer. We present in this thesis a VHP radar with a reduced number of antennas, called the "mini-radar", which reconciles the advantages of a small surface of antennas allowing low altitudes survey, and of the use of VHF range making the system not very sensitive to precipitations, birds, insects, which are as many undesirable echoes at UHF frequencies. The counterpart of the use of a small number of antennas is the widening of the beam, causing in oblique angle observations an overlap of the explored zones which can involve errors during wind speed estimation by the classical "moments" method. After the instrumental validation of the mini-radar by a comparative statistic study between its "raw" measurements and those of a large radar VHF, and by a campaign in operational mode in the Antarctic, we propose a study of the overlap phenomenon which leads to the development of a new spectral method making it possible to correct measurements of the mini-radar which require an operation of "deconvolution"

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17

Mattos, Jací Carnicelli. "Tradução para o português do Brasil e adaptação cultural do Instrumento de Avaliação do Processamento das Habilidades Sensoriais - Sensory Profile (Dunn, 1999)". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/2996.

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Considering that there are not any Brazilian instruments to evaluate sensory processing abilities and their effect on the functionality of children and teenagers, this study aimed at translating the Sensory Profile instrument (Dunn, 1999) to Brazilian Portuguese as well as carrying out its cultural adaptation to Brazilian reality. When researching on the existence and the application of sensory evaluation instruments in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders I found the Sensory Profile, which was created to evaluate and measure how much sensory processing actually makes it easier or more difficult for these individuals to function in daily living tasks. This instrument, in all of its versions, is suited to tracking programs and evaluation and research protocols. I had Sensory Profile translated and adapted to Brazilian culture within the scope of a non–experimental non–longitudinal descriptive research, and the following steps were accomplished: translation, back–translation, revision by a specialist committee on analysis, evaluation of the scoring and the verification of the instrument's internal consistency. I worked with a sample of 50 parents of children aged 5 to 10, each child regularly enrolled on a private elementary school in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The results obtained from the application of the translated and adapted questionnaire (already with changes in 40 questions relative to the original version), taking into consideration the fact that the instrument was applied to caregivers of the children with typical development, allowed me to conclude that the translated and adapted 125–question instrument is understandable and internally consistent. All of that points to the possibility of usage of the Sensory Profile in Brazil after future studies, which may search for evidence toward the validation of the instrument through new applications of the translated and adapted version produced during this study.
Considerando–se o fato de não haver instrumentos brasileiros para avaliar habilidades do processamento sensorial e seus efeitos na funcionalidade de crianças e adolescentes, este estudo traduziu para o português do Brasil e adaptou culturalmente o Sensory Profile (Dunn, 1999). Ao pesquisar-se sobre a existência e aplicação de instrumentos de avaliação sensorial em pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo, encontrou-se o Sensory Profile, instrumento criado para avaliar e mensurar quanto o processamento sensorial facilita ou dificulta o desempenho funcional em tarefas diárias. Este instrumento, em todas as suas versões, é apropriado para programas de rastreamento e protocolos de pesquisa e avaliação. Objetivou–se realizar a tradução para o português do Brasil e a adaptação para a cultura brasileira do Sensory Profile fazendo um estudo que se encaixa no modelo de pesquisa não experimental, transversal, descritiva e os passos foram os seguintes: tradução, retrotradução, revisão por um comitê de especialistas, avaliação das pontuações e verificação da consistência interna do instrumento. A amostra foi constituída de 50 pais de crianças de 05 a 10 anos de idade, regularmente matriculadas numa escola particular de ensino fundamental da cidade de São Paulo. Os resultados obtidos através da aplicação do questionário traduzido e adaptado, já com mudanças em 40 questões em relação à versão original, considerando-se sua aplicação em cuidadores de crianças em sua maioria com desenvolvimento típico, permitiram observar que ele é compreensível e apresenta consistência interna alta. Essas observações indicam que a busca de evidências de validade do instrumento, realizada através de novas pesquisas, com outras aplicações da versão traduzida e adaptada neste estudo e de procedimentos especialmente voltados para esse fim poderá tornar possível sua utilização no Brasil.

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18

Richard, Gilbert Avanzini Guy. "A qui profite la médiation éducative ? étude d'une évaluation diagnostique au cycle 3 de l'école élémentaire /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2001/richard_g.

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Šrůt, Petr. "Měření drsnosti pomocí kruhoměru". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232161.

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This master´s thesis deals with the measurement of surface roughness on a roundness instrument Talyrond TR595S. The aim was to expand possibilities of measuring on this roundness instrument. The main benefit of this thesis is creation of the proposal for the roughness measurement components in a horizontal and vertical plane. Thesis also includes the procedure for measuring of the roughness of the circular components including calculation of measurement uncertainty.

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20

Richard, Gilbert. "A qui profite la médiation éducative ? : étude d'une évaluation diagnostique au cycle 3 de l'école élémentaire". Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/richard_g.

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La médiation éducative est une extension de la " médiation cognitive " issue des travaux théoriques et empiriques du professeur israélien Reuven Feuerstein sur l'expérience d'apprentissage médiatisée et la modifiabilité cognitive structurale. Elle s'actualise par les recherches menées au Québec sur l'efficience cognitive et les stratégies de résolution de problèmes (P. Andy et alii). Elle s'enrichit de l'apport des études américaines et australiennes sur le rôle des attitudes et des émotions dans les situations d'apprentissage (A. Ellis, M. Bernard). Cette approche se caractérise par le rôle décisif que joue l'enseignant (dit médiateur) grâce à son intervention intentionnelle dans les processus d'apprentissage des élèves. De façon à optimiser le fonctionnement intellectuel de l'apprenant, le maître respecte des attitudes éducatives, appelées également critères de médiation, dont les trois principaux consistent à : - avoir des intentions claires, - donner du sens à ce qui est entrepris et enseigné, - tirer des leçons ou des règles de ce qui est appris. Cette étude réalisée sur une année scolaire, auprès de 14 classes de cycle 3 de l'école élémentaire, regroupant un échantillon de près de 300 élèves, vise à identifier quels types d'élèves profitent le plus de cette pratique pédagogique. A l'aide d'une évaluation diagnostique de l'efficience cognitive (P. E. S. D), et après comparaison des performances au pré-test et au post-test, elle montre que près de 60% d'entre eux manifestent des changements significatifs et que ce sont plutôt les élèves faibles et moyens - une fois n'est pas coutume - qui en bénéficient davantage. Par ailleurs, des effets notables sont observés sur la compréhension de lecture et la production d'écrits ; la capacité d'attention et les méthodes de travail, ainsi que certaines attitudes face à la tâche. Pouvant être opérationnalisée dès le cycle 2 en une démarche spécifique, au cours des apprentissages fondamentaux, puis renforcée dans le cycle des approfondissements, la médiation éducative revalorise l'acte d'enseignement, remotive les enseignants et redonne le goût d'apprendre aux élèves parfois laissés pour compte. Fondée sur les valeurs humanistes universelles, elle doit conduire chaque partenaire de l'éducation (enseignant, parent, enfant) à assumer ses responsabilités.

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21

González, Sánchez José Antonio. "Efecto de diferentes instrumentos en la deformación apical a nivel del foramen mayor". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83938.

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AQUESTA TESI DOCTORAL ES CONFIGURA COM UN COMPENDI DE TRES ARTICLES I ES BASA EN L'AVALUACIÓ DE LA DEFORMACIÓ QUE ES PRODUEIX A NIVELL DEL FORAMEN MAJOR QUAN UTILITZEM ELS INSTRUMENTS ENDODÒNTICS MÉS ENLLÀ DE LA LONGITUT DE TREBALL, QUAN SOBREPASSEN EL FORAMEN MAJOR, JA SIGUI EN REALITZAR LA PERMEABILITAT APICAL O COM A CAUSA D'UNA SOBRE-INSTRUMENTACIÓ MECÀNICA. LES TREBALLS VAN CONCLOURE QUE LES LLIMES K-FLEX # 08 NO PRODUEIXEN DEFORMACIÓ APICAL EN LA MAJOR PART DELS CASOS. A MÉS, LES LLIMES K # 10 I C-PILOT # 10 PODEN SER UTILITZADES DE FORMA SEGURA PER A DUR A TERME LA PERMEABILITAT JA QUE LA DEFORMACIÓ PRODUÏDA PER AMBDUES ÉS MÍNIMA. NO OBSTANT, TOTES LES LLIMES ROTATÒRIES DE NÍQUEL-TITANI ANALITZADES VAN PRODUIR DEFORMACIÓ APICAL.
ESTA TESIS DOCTORAL SE CONFIGURA COMO UN COMPENDIO DE TRES ARTÍCULOS Y SE BASA EN LA EVALUACIÓN DE LA DEFORMACIÓN QUE SE PRODUCE A NIVEL DEL FORAMEN MAYOR CUANDO UTILIZAMOS LOS INSTRUMENTOS ENDODÓNTICOS MAS ALLÁ DE LA LONGITUD DE TRABAJO, CUANDO SOBREPASAN EL FORAMEN MAYOR, YA SEA AL REALIZAR LA PERMEABILIDAD APICAL O COMO CAUSA DE UNA SOBRE-INSTRUMENTACIÓN MECÁNICA. LOS HALLAZGOS CONCLUYERON QUE LAS LIMA K-FLEX#08 NO PRODUCE DEFORMACIÓN APICAL EN LA MAYORÍA DE LOS CASOS. ADEMÁS LAS LIMAS K#10 Y C-PILOT#10 PUEDEN SER UTILIZADAS DE FORMA SEGURA PARA REALIZAR LA PERMEABILIDAD YA QUE LA DEFORMACIÓN PRODUCIDA POR AMBAS EN MÍNIMA. SIN EMBARGO TODAS LAS LIMAS ROTATORIAS DE NIQUEL-TITANIO ANALIZADAS PRODUJERON DEFORMACIÓN APICAL

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22

Rodrigues, de Araujo Severino. "Sondage thermique à distance de milieux vitreux : : détermination des paramètres de sondage et restitution des profils de température". Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0033.

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Le but de cette étude est, dans un premier temps, le développement d'une procédure de détermination des paramètres de sondage thermique à distance dans des milieux semi-transparents solides vitreux. Les paramètres de sondage, tels que le nombre et la profondeur des canaux spectraux et spatiaux, ayant été définis, les champs de température à l'intérieur des milieux sont ensuite déterminés, à partir de l'acquisition, par voie radiative, de données d'émission spectrale et de l'inversion de l'équation de transfert radiatif mise sous forme intégrale, d'après une démarche numérique non-linéaire. Un montage expérimental permet de mesurer alternativement le rayonnement émis soit par le milieu étudié, soit par le corps noir de référence installé sur le banc optique. A partir de la connaissance des températures de luminance fournies par le corps noir, à une longueur d'onde donnée, les valeurs de luminance spectrale sont calculées au travers de l'équation de Planck. L'application de l'algorithme numérique non-linéaire de Chahine, selon une démarche itérative, permet de reconstituer le champ de température interne au milieu. La validation de la méthode est obtenue tout d'abord par voie théorique en comparant le champ de température simulé à partir d'une résolution directe de l'équation de l'énergie couplée à celle du transfert radiatif, avec celui issu de la résolution de l'équation intégrale (problème inverse). Ensuite, une validation expérimentale est obtenue en comparant la température de la face supérieure de l'échantillon, déterminée par inversion, à celle mesurée par radiométrie dans la plage spectrale d'opacité des verres flottés. Les approches numérique et expérimentale démontrent ainsi la faisabilité de la technique de sondage thermique à distance par voie radiative
The objective of this work is, firstly, the development of a identification procedure of the remote sensing parameters in the semitransparent glass solid media. The remote sensing parameters, such as number and the depth of spectral and spatial canais, being defined, the temperature field within the media is determined from spectral thermal emission data by radiate way, and through an inversion of the radiative transfer equation, by a non-linear numerical approach. An experimental apparatus allows to measure altemately the radiation emerging from the studied medium and from the reference blackbody installed on the optical bench. From the knowledge of the brightness temperature provided by the blackbody, at a given wavelength, the radiate spectral values are calculated using the Planck's equation. The application of Chahine's non-linear numerical algorithm, according to iterative approach, allows to recover the temperature field in the medium. The validation of the method is obtained in a theoretical way, comparing the simulated temperature field given by the resolution of the integral equation (inversion problem), with those calculated by direct resolution of energy equation coupled with the radiate transfer equation. Afterwards, an experimental validation is performed, comparing the superior face sample temperature determined by inversion, with that of the one measured by radiometry within the float glass spectral interval of opacity. The numerical and experimental approaches demonstrate the feasibility of this thermal remote sensing technique

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23

Bernard, Julien. "Évaluation du profil biomécanique du coureur cycliste". Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2261/document.

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Les problématiques scientifiques étudiant la biomécanique du mouvement de pédalage en cyclisme ont fait et font toujours l'objet de nombreux travaux. Ces travaux touchent de divers domaines, technologique par exemple pour l'amélioration du matériel qui a considérablement évolué, physiologique pour l'amélioration des capacités physiques et des rendements énergétiques en fonction des styles de pédalage, et biomécanique pour l'expertise, en particulier, de l'efficacité de mouvement de pédalage. Le travail présenté s'inscrit dans ce dernier champ scientifique : la biomécanique du mouvement.Le travail réalisé a bénéficié d'un appel à projet de l'Agence Française de la Lutte contre le Dopage avec pour objectif : « [SIC] se réarmer vis-à-vis du dopage en adoptant des démarches qui se veulent originales et concrètes, notamment en se plaçant du point de vue de l'entourage scientifique de sportifs dopés » en se focalisant sur les thèmes « [SIC] Travail, puissance et rendement énergétique».Dans ce contexte, l'objectif général des travaux est l'évaluation du profil biomécanique du coureur cycliste par mesures en laboratoire. Pour cela, une plateforme expérimentale a été validée et nous a permis d'aborder deux questions centrales i) qu'est ce qui crée la force produite à la pédale ? ii) que peut-on attendre d'une évaluation énergétique mécanique du mouvement de pédalage? Ces deux points sont abordés à partir d'un protocole de tests de type incrémentiel tel que l'exige la Fédération Française de Cyclisme. Les résultats ont été obtenus sur une cohorte de coureurs Elite
Numerous studies investigated and still investigate pedaling motion in cycling from a biomechanical point of view. These studies involve various fields, like technologic for improving the material which has considerably evolved, physiologic for physical capacities and energy efficiencies' improvement according to pedaling styles, and biomechanics for motion's expertise and pedaling efficiency in particularly. This work takes part in the last scientific field: the biomechanics of movement.This work received a call for proposals of the AFLD (Agence Française de la Lutte contre le Dopage) in order to: "[SIC] rearm regarding doping by adopting original and practical approaches, considering scientific environment of doped athletes" by focusing on the themes of "[SIC] Work, power and energy efficiency".In this context, the general objective of this work is the biomechanical evaluation of cyclist's profile in laboratory conditions. For this, an experimental platform has been validated and allowed us to follow two central issues i) How is created the force produced to the pedal? ii) What can be expected from a mechanical energy evaluation of pedaling motion? These two points are discussed through incremental protocol tests as required by the French Cycling Federation. The results were obtained on a cohort of Elite cyclists

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Blancher, Guillaume. "Perception sensorielle de la texture de gels en France et au Vietnam et prédiction des profils sensoriels par des mesures instrumentales". Phd thesis, ENSIA (AgroParisTech), 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004503.

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Le premier objectif de cette thèse était de qualifier et quantifier les différences de caractérisation sensorielle de l'apparence visuelle et de la texture de gels entre des sujets appartenant à deux cultures très différentes (française et vietnamienne). Trois méthodologies sensorielles présentant différents niveaux de verbalisation ont été appliquées dans les deux cultures (tri libre, profil flash et profil conventionnel) et ont permis d'identifier certaines particularités dans le comportement de réponse dans les deux cultures. Globalement, les trois méthodes ont également montré qu'il existait une forte similarité entre les configurations des produits dans les deux cultures. Le deuxième objectif était de savoir s'il était possible de traduire puis de transférer les descripteurs sensoriels issus des panels de profil conventionnel français et vietnamien vers respectivement un nouveau panel vietnamien et un nouveau panel français. Un protocole de transfert de descripteurs d'une culture à une autre a été défini. L'application de ce protocole dans le sens FRANCE-->VIETNAM et dans le sens VIETNAM-->FRANCE a permis d'assurer un transfert de descripteurs très satisfaisant entre les deux cultures. Le troisième objectif était de prédire les profils sensoriels issus des panels ayant généré leurs propres descripteurs, en France et au Vietnam, par des mesures instrumentales variées. Globalement, il a été possible de prédire les descripteurs des deux panels de manière assez satisfaisante en utilisant une variable de synérèse, deux variables de spectrocolorimétrie, quatre variables de pénétration et quatre variables de back extrusion.

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25

Benedetti, Florian. "Design of non-invasive profile monitors for the ESS proton beam". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS238/document.

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La source européenne de spallation (ESS) sera une infrastructure de recherche dévolue aux sciences utilisant les neutrons comme sonde d’observation. Elle est actuellement en construction à Lund, en Suède, et sera la plus brillante des sources de neutrons pulsées au monde. Comme son nom l'indique, la production des neutrons est assurée par les processus de spallation : des protons à haute énergie bombardant une cible de tungstène. Le faisceau de protons est généré par un puissant accélérateur linéaire de 2 GeV qui peut être divisé en deux parties : une partie "chaude" qui accélère les protons jusqu'à 90 MeV, suivie d’une partie « froide » constituée de cavités supraconductrices refroidies à l'hélium liquide, permettant d’atteindre les 2 GeV. La forte intensité de 62.5 mA et la longue impulsion de 2,86 ms répétée 14 fois par seconde, conduisent à une puissance moyenne de faisceau de 5 MW et une puissance crête de 125 MW. La connaissance du faisceau est donc indispensable pour la mise en service, c'est-à-dire le réglage du faisceau afin d'assurer un fonctionnement correct et sûr de la machine. Différents diagnostics seront installés le long de l'accélérateur pour remplir ces tâches.Cette thèse traite du développement d'un profileur transverse non invasif pour la partie froide de l’accélérateur de ESS : les Ionization Profile Monitors (IPM). La thèse se concentre sur les aspects critiques des IPM afin de s’assurer de leur faisabilité dans les conditions du faisceau de ESS. Ces moniteurs sont basés sur l’ionisation induite par le passage des protons du gaz résiduel présent dans le tube de l’accélérateur. Un champ électrique est appliqué entre deux plaques parallèles de l'IPM. Les électrons ou les ions dérivent vers un détecteur segmenté permettant de reconstruire le profil dans une direction transverse du faisceau.Plusieurs défis, qui auraient pu compromettre l’utilisation des IPM pour les mesures des profils de faisceau à ESS, sont décrits :• Les faibles taux de comptage dus aux faibles sections efficaces d'ionisation à haute énergie (90 à 2000 MeV) ainsi qu’aux basses pressions du gaz résiduel de l’ordre de 10-9 mbar,• L'homogénéité du champ électrique à l'intérieur de l'IPM, essentiel pour assurer des mesures de profils précises mais difficile pour les chambres à vide étriquées des IPM,• L’importante charge d'espace du faisceau, qui distord le profil mesuré en déviant lestrajectoires des produits d'ionisation. Cet aspect fondamental peut remettre en cause l’utilisation d’IPM pour faire des mesures fiables de profil de faisceau.Une fois ces études terminées, nous avons sélectionné trois systèmes de lecture fiables, basés sur :• des pistes conductrices lues par un intégrateur de charge multicanal,• des détecteurs à micro-canaux couplés à un écran phosphore (pMCP),• un détecteur de silicium développé au CERN, et utilisé en particulier pour le futur profileur du faisceau du PS.Ces études ont fait l’objet d’une Revue de Conception Préliminaire (PDR 2017/01) marquant le début de la construction des différents prototypes. Les tests préliminaires ont écarté la possibilité d'utiliser des détecteurs au silicium en raison des trop faibles énergies des ions incidents.En partant de zéro, des IPM, des moniteurs de référence et un banc d’essai ont été conçus et installés sur l’accélérateur de protons IPHI à Saclay. Les conditions expérimentales de ESS ont été reproduites afin de valider une solution pour les IPM, ainsi que tester nos modèles.Les campagnes de test ont montré qu'un MCP était nécessaire pour détecter le signal d’ionisation. De plus, l'IPM optique (pMCP + caméra) est la solution recommandée car elle offre une sensibilité plus élevée. Le retour d’expérience accumulé lors des tests des prototypes, nous a permis de proposer une conception quasi finale d’un IPM, présentée lors de la Revue Critique de Conception (CDR 2019/02), menant au début de la phase de production
The European Spallation Source (ESS) will be a research infrastructure dedicated to sciences using neutrons as probes. The source is currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, and will be the world’s brightest pulsed source of neutrons. As its name suggests, the production of neutrons is ensured by the spallation process: high energy protons will impinge a tungsten target. To accelerate the protons, a powerful 2 GeV linear accelerator is being built. The accelerator can be split in two parts. A “hot” part is responsible for acceleration up to 90 MeV. Then a “cold” part made of superconducting cavities cooled with liquid helium is used to reach the highest energies. The high intensity of 62.5 mA and he long pulse of 2.86 ms repeated 14 times per second, lead to an incredible beam power of 5 MW in average and 125 MW in peak. The knowledge of the beam is therefore mandatory to ensure the commissioning, i.e. the beam tuning in order to achieve a proper and safe functioning of the machine. Different diagnostics will be installed along the accelerator to fulfil these tasks.This thesis deals with the development of a non-invasive transverse profiler for the cold part of the ESS accelerator: the Ionization Profile Monitor (IPM).The thesis focuses on critical aspects of the IPMs to guarantee its feasibility in ESS beam conditions. These monitors are based on the ionization of the residual gas induced by the proton beam inside the beam pipe. A transverse electrical field is generated between both parallel plates of the IPM. The electrons or ions drift, with respect to the electric field, towards a segmented detector allowing the reconstruction of the beam profile in one transverse direction. For a complete transverse profile, it is necessary to add a second profiler tilted by 90°.Several challenges for facing IPM to the ESS conditions, which may compromise their use, are described:• the weak counting rates due to the low ionization cross-sections at high energy (90 to 2000 MeV) and to the low residual gas pressure of 10-9 mbar,• the electric field homogeneity inside the IPM, which is relevant for insuring a precise profile measurement, was not obvious in the narrow vacuum chambers devoted to them,• the large Space Charge Effect of the beam, distorting the measured profile by deviating the ionization by-product trajectories. This fundamental aspect may compromise the use of an IPM for beam profile measurements.Once these former studies done, we selected the three reliable read-out systems based on:• conductive strips read by a multichannel charge integrator,• micro-channel plates coupled with phosphor screen (pMCP),• a silicon detector developed at CERN and foreseen for the future PS beam profiler.This work was the object of the Preliminary Design Review (PDR 2017/01) marking the beginning of the construction phase of the different prototypes. Preliminary tests discarded the possibility of using silicon detectors due to the low ion energies.Starting from scratch, IPMs, reference monitors and a test bench were designed and installed at the IPHI proton accelerator at Saclay. Close ESS conditions were achieved to validate an IPM solution and our simulations.The test campaigns showed that an MCP is mandatory to detect signal. Moreover, the optical IPM (pMCP + Camera) is the preferred solution since it provides higher sensitivity. Feedbacks from the prototype test campaigns, allows us to deliver an IPM final design presented during the Critical Design Review (CDR 2019/02) leading to the beginning of the production phase

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Holzner, Michael. "In-vitro-Studie zur maschinellen Aufbereitung gekrümmter Wurzelkanäle humaner Molaren mit dem EndoStepper unter Anwendung von FlexMaster-, ProFile- und RaCe-Instrumenten mittels einer modifizierten Bramante-Technik". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971950792.

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Estrada, Sabadell Maria-Dolors. "Desarrollo de la versión española del Child Health and Illness Profile para medir el estado de salud percibido en la infancia". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117314.

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Antecedentes: La versión española del CHIP-CE es la adaptación para uso en España del Child Health and Illness Profile, instrumento de medida de salud autopercibida infantil (6-12 años de edad) genérico e ilustrado creado por la profesora Barbara Starfield (EEUU). Los resultados obtenidos en la prueba piloto con la versión española del CHIP-CE/Child Report Form (CHIP-CE/CRF) permiten confirmar la capacidad de comprensión y la factibilidad de su uso a partir de los 6 años de edad. La versión española del CHIP-CE/CRF consta de 44 ítems distribuidos en 5 dimensiones (Satisfacción, Bienestar, Resistencia, Riesgos y Funciones). Tiene versión para padres, el CHIP-CE/Parent Report Form (CHIP-CE/PRF), de 75 ítems (cinco dimensiones y doce subdimensiones). También tiene versión para padres reducida compuesta por los mismos 44 ítems que la infantil. Todas estas versiones tienen una estructura paralela a su vez con la versión española para adolescentes permitiendo enlazar la medición de la salud autopercibida de la etapa infantil con la adolescencia (6-18 años). El reducido número de instrumentos pediátricos genéricos autoadministrados en niños 6-11/12 años de edad pone de manifiesto la necesidad de analizar la aceptabilidad, fiabilidad y validez de la versión española del CHIP-CE en nuestro contexto, comparar los resultados con el instrumento original norteamericano y analizar el acuerdo entre padres e hijos/as en la salud percibida de los niños/as de 6-12 años de edad. Método: Estudio transversal descriptivo de base poblacional. Para obtener una muestra de población general de niños/as de 6-12 años de edad escolarizados en educación primaria en la ciudad de Barcelona se llevó a cabo un diseño probabilístico basado en una muestra por conglomerados estratificada de forma proporcional siguiendo un proceso multietápico. Se seleccionó una submuestra de conveniencia de niños/as de 6-12 años de edad para llevar a cabo mediciones múltiples. Se administró la versión española del CHIP-CE, la infantil y la de padres. Se administró la versión española del Child Behaviour CheckList (CBCL) de Achenbach para padres, instrumento estandarizado para evaluar los problemas conductuales pediátricos. Resultados: La tasa de respuesta global de la versión española del CHIP-CE/CRF fue del 75% (n= 919) y de la versión española del CHIP-CE/PRF del 67% (n=871). Los resultados de la versión infantil fueron: consistencia interna >0,70 en 3 de las 5 dimensiones, coeficientes de correlación intraclase (CCI) para la estabilidad test-retest entre 0,69 a 0,80, análisis factorial confirmatorio que replicó el modelo original, los niños/as más pequeños puntuaron más elevado en Satisfacción que los niños/as mayores y las niñas puntuaron más bajo en Bienestar pero más elevado en Riesgos que los niños. La versión para padres no mostró efecto suelo, encontrándose efecto techo en 4 subdimensiones. Los resultados de fiabilidad fueron aceptables a nivel de dimensión (consistencia interna: 0,68-0,86; test-retest: 0,69-0,85). Las niñas pequeñas obtuvieron puntuaciones mejores en Satisfacción y Funciones que las niñas mayores siendo la puntuación en la dimensión Bienestar más baja (peor) en niños/as con un probable problema de salud mental (tamaño de efecto: 1,45). El grado de acuerdo entre padres-hijos/as fue bajo (CCI 0,22-0,37). Conclusiones: La versión española del CHIP-CE es un instrumento pediátrico de salud autopercibida de tipo genérico con coeficientes de validez conocidos y desarrollado según el modelo psicométrico clásico al replicarse el modelo conceptual y de métrica del instrumento original. Los resultados de bajo grado de acuerdo entre padres e hijos/as indican que el uso en paralelo de ambas versiones aporta una perspectiva multiinformante de una misma realidad. Financiación: Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social español (contrato número 01/0420) y Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública.
Background: The Spanish CHIP-CE is an adapted version of the CHIP-CE for use in Spain. The CHIP-CE is an instrument designed to collect self-reported and parent-reported information on the health of children aged 6 to 12. It is a multidimensional, generic, and illustrated measure created in the United States of America (US) by Professor Barbara Starfield. The results obtained in the pilot study with the Spanish CHIP-CE/Child Report Form (CHIP-CE/CRF) showed that it was feasible for use in children as young as 6. The Spanish version of the CHIP-CE/CRF includes 44 items organized into 5 domains (Satisfaction, Comfort, Resilience, Risk Avoidance, and Achievement). It also includes a parent version, the Spanish CHIP-CE/Parent Report Form (CHIP-CE/PRF), which comprises 75 items included in 5 domains and 12 subdomains. A short format of the Spanish CHIP-CE/PRF containing 44 items in parallel with the child version is also available. These versions have a parallel structure to the Spanish version for adolescents (CHIP-Adolescent Edition, CHIP-AE). There are only seven self-administered measures for the 6-11/12 year’s age range, one of which is the CHIP-CE. However, of these seven measures, only four have been adapted for use in Spain. This highlights the need to assess the acceptability, reliability, and validity of the Spanish version of the CHIP-CE for use in Spain to measure the perceived health of children 6-12 years old, to compare the results with the original US version, and to analyze parent-child agreement. Methods: Design: a Cross-sectional study. Sample selection: children 6-12 years of age and their parents selected to form a representative sample of primary school children from the city of Barcelona during the academic year 2002 to 2003 were invited to participate in this study. A probabilistic sampling selection was conducted following a 2-stage process, in which the primary sample units were schools. A convenience subsample of children was selected to perform multiple measurements. Measures: Spanish versions of CHIP-CE/CRF and CHIP-CE/PRF were administered to child and parents, respectively. The Spanish parent of the Achenbach Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) was administered to assess emotional and behavioral pediatric problems. Results: The Spanish version of the CHIP-CE/CRF: the overall response rate was 75% (n = 919). Internal consistency was >0.70 for 3 out of 5 domains, and the ICCs for test-retest stability ranged from 0.69 to 0.80. Confirmatory factor analysis replicated the original model. Younger children scored higher in satisfaction than older children. Girls scored lower in Comfort but higher in Risk Avoidance than boys. The Spanish version of the CHIP-CE/PRF: the overall response rate was 67% (n = 871). There was no floor effect. A ceiling effect was found in 4 subdomains. Reliability was acceptable at the domain level (internal consistency: 0.68-0.86; test-retest: 0.69-0.85). Younger girls had better scores on Satisfaction and Achievement than older girls. Comfort domain score was lower (worse) in children with a probable mental health problem, with high ES (1.45). The level of parent-child agreement was low (0.22-0.37). Conclusions: The Spanish version of the CHIP-CE has acceptable psychometric properties which meet the recommended standards of reliability and validity in a manner similar to that of the original US version. The low level of agreement observed between parents and children suggest that it may be necessary to use both versions in parallel. The study allows assessment from a multi-informant perspective. Financing: Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria of the Spanish Ministry of Health (contract Nº. 01/0420) and the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública.

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Johnston, David. "Assessing The Visiting Public's Perceptions Of The Outcomes Of Their Visit To Interactive Science And Technology Centres". Thesis, Curtin University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/61.

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This study investigated the problem of how to assess the visiting public's perceptions of the outcomes of their visit to an Interactive Science and Technology Centre. The study was carried out in several phases. First the researcher immersed himself as a participant observer over 15 months in the day-to-day activities of a science centre. Second, data to describe perceptions of visit outcomes were collected from one-to-one interviews with randomly selected visitors and professional staff, and four focus groups of explainers and visitors. Third, these data were used to structure the collection of further descriptions, in visitors' own words, about the visit experience. In the fourth and fifth stages, data from the second and third stages were pooled to develop two new instruments, the Perceptions of Visit Impact Instrument, a semantic differential survey designed to be administered at the point of exit from a science centre, and the Profile of Visit Outcomes Instrument, a nine part survey designed to be administered several weeks after the visit. The two instruments were refined through local review and field testing, and replication using data from large samples of randomly selected visitors at five and three centres, respectively, in Australia and New Zealand. Staff at these centres found the instruments easy to use and considered that they provided valuable data. Implications are drawn for future use of the instruments for evaluation and research.

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ALMEIDA, Elvia Christina Barros de. "Avaliação ultra-estrutural da presença da smear layer: estudo em função dos instrumentos utilizados no preparo biomecânico K3 ENDO e ProFile e da irrigação com EDTA a 17% e BioPure MTAD". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/8080.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T22:56:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4000_1.pdf: 2638428 bytes, checksum: f2dc7959cdd770babe5f847f40097555 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a utilização do escaneador microscópico de elétrons, na condição da matéria orgânica inicial, media e a terceira final, comparando a eficiência dos dois últimos tipos do sistema para a preparação biomecânica, também a variação da irrigação das soluções. Metodologia: Cinqüenta e dois extratos humanos encontram-se permanentemente cheios, onde foram utilizados e divididos em quatro grupos: Grupo A: instrumentação com K3 + EDTA; Grupo B: K3 + MTDA; Grupo C: ProFile + EDTA; Grupo D: ProFile + MTAD, com doze completo em comparação. O ponto e essencial foi a cisão longitudinalmente até a imperfeição e os canais examinados em x5.000 em um escaneador microscópico de elétrons. A presença da camada da matéria orgânica foi recorde na parte inicial, média e terceira final usando a quinta etapa superando a camada fina. O principal corte da matéria orgânica inicial foi calculado e estatisticamente analisado por uma importância (p<0.05) intervalos e com grupos, usando Kruskal-Wallis paramétrico. O teste de Freedman foi utilizado para comparar as terceiras no meio deles. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que existiam significantes diferenças entre o corte positivo dos sistemas (K3) e o corte negativo do sistema (ProFile) com uma remoção da matéria orgânica em camadas. Com uma irrigação de solução, EDTA 17%, foi mais forte do que MTAD (p<0,05), em três seções de evolução. Quando a diferença entre as três partes foi evoluída, a terceira final diferiu da média e da inicial parte (p<0,05), e nessa amostra demonstrou-se intensa quantidade de uma matéria orgânica em camadas. Concluímos que as descobertas vistas na presença da camada da matéria orgânica principal não foram dependentes dos sistemas rotatórios utilizados e aquele EDTA é mais forte do que o MTAD, em todos os canais das partes, quando utilizada a preparação bioquímica dos canais da luz para remoção da matéria orgânica em camadas

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de, Andrade Mendes Daniela. "Avaliação da centralização do preparo biomecânico em canais radiculares preparados com os sistemas ProTaper UniversalTM, ProfileTM e Twisted FileTM". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/8742.

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O conhecimento da morfologia interna do sistema de canais radiculares e suas diversas conformações têm um importante papel no sucesso da terapia endodôntica. A familiarização com as curvaturas torna-se importante para execução de um correto planejamento do preparo biomecânico dos canais radiculares escolhendo técnicas e instrumentos apropriados para cada situação, uma vez que a manutenção da sua anatomia original é de suma importância para o sucesso da terapêutica aplicada. O preparo biomecânico do sistema de canais radiculares apresenta como objetivo promover a limpeza, modelagem tridimensional e a completa desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares utilizando instrumentos e soluções que permitam maior precisão e menor tempo de trabalho. Desde sua introdução, os instrumentos endodônticos confeccionados em níquel-titânio (NiTi) vêm sendo largamente utilizados por apresentar grande flexibilidade e capacidade em manter a morfologia original do canal radicular. Instrumentos rotatórios confeccionados com esta liga promovem o alargamento das porções curvas dos canais mantendo a sua anatomia original, provocando menores índices de desvios. Esta pesquisa avaliou a centralização do preparo biomecânico após a instrumentação mecânico-rotatória efetuada por três sistemas rotatórios (ProTaperTM, ProFileTM e Twisted-FileTM) em canais radiculares curvos e a conformação das paredes dentinárias após o preparo biomecânico efetuado pelo sistema ProTaperTM. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pôde-se concluir que: os três sistemas analisados ProTaper, ProFile e Twisted-File foram capazes de realizar o preparo biomecânico centralizado na porção apical do canal radicular provocando pequenas proporções de desvio, não sendo observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os mesmos; O sistema rotatório ProTaper UniversalTM não foi totalmente eficaz em instrumentar todas as paredes do terço apical dos canais radiculares, apresentando porém uma capacidade aceitável para a modelagem de canais radiculares curvos

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Johnston, David. "Assessing The Visiting Public's Perceptions Of The Outcomes Of Their Visit To Interactive Science And Technology Centres". Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 1999. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17039.

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This study investigated the problem of how to assess the visiting public's perceptions of the outcomes of their visit to an Interactive Science and Technology Centre. The study was carried out in several phases. First the researcher immersed himself as a participant observer over 15 months in the day-to-day activities of a science centre. Second, data to describe perceptions of visit outcomes were collected from one-to-one interviews with randomly selected visitors and professional staff, and four focus groups of explainers and visitors. Third, these data were used to structure the collection of further descriptions, in visitors' own words, about the visit experience. In the fourth and fifth stages, data from the second and third stages were pooled to develop two new instruments, the Perceptions of Visit Impact Instrument, a semantic differential survey designed to be administered at the point of exit from a science centre, and the Profile of Visit Outcomes Instrument, a nine part survey designed to be administered several weeks after the visit. The two instruments were refined through local review and field testing, and replication using data from large samples of randomly selected visitors at five and three centres, respectively, in Australia and New Zealand. Staff at these centres found the instruments easy to use and considered that they provided valuable data. Implications are drawn for future use of the instruments for evaluation and research.

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Joly, Marie-Hélène. "Évolution de l'intensité des symptômes de l'épuisement professionnel à travers le temps". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2785.

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L'épuisement professionnel est un syndrome psychologique répandu qui se développe en réponse à des stresseurs chroniques au travail. Le portrait actuel des symptômes de l'épuisement professionnel présenté dans la littérature met l'accent sur l'étape finale de l'épuisement, malgré le fait que ce dernier se développe de façon progressive. Étant donné le peu d'études empiriques portant sur l'évolution des symptômes de l'épuisement professionnel, il apparaît pertinent d'explorer le développement de ces derniers à travers le temps. Cette recherche a une orientation descriptive ainsi qu'exploratoire. Elle a été effectuée auprès de vingt-sept omnipraticiens. Cette étude avait comme premier objectif de décrire l'évolution de l'intensité des différents symptômes de l'épuisement professionnel à travers le temps. Elle avait pour deuxième objectif de vérifier la pertinence de l'instrument de mesure créé par l'auteure de cette recherche, Symptômes de l'Épuisement Professionnel (SEP). Les résultats suggèrent qu'un profil d'évolution de l'intensité se dégage pour la majorité des symptômes de l'épuisement professionnel. Ce profil se caractérise par une augmentation progressive, graduelle et constante de l'intensité. Il ressort aussi des résultats que le SEP semble être un instrument pertinent quant à la mesure de l'évolution de l'intensité de l'ensemble des symptômes de l'épuisement professionnel à travers le temps. En contribuant à décrire l'évolution des symptômes de l'épuisement, cette recherche s'inscrit dans une démarche contribuant à améliorer la prévention ainsi que le traitement de l'épuisement professionnel.

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Boulle, Alexandre. "Diffraction des rayons X sur couches d'oxydes épitaxiées : Elaboration et analyse microstructurale". Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0040.

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Ce travail concerne la mise en oeuvre de la diffraction des rayons X pour l'analyse microstructurale de couches épitaxiées de matériaux oxydes. A cet effet ont été élaborées des méthodes d'acquisition des données spécifiques à ce type de matériau, telle que la cartographie du réseau réciproque, sur un appareil précédemment développé au laboratoire et dédié à l'étude des ma tériaux nanostructurés. Ce montage permet l'enregistrement de cartes du réseau réciproque en haute résolution en quelques dizaines de minutes. La fonction de résolution instrumentale bidimensionnelle a été évaluée en prenant en compte chaque élément optique du montage : source, monochromateur à quatre réflexions, échantillon et détecteur à localisation. Cette étude a montré que la résolution angulaire atteint quelques millièmes de degrés dans la plupart des modes de fonctionnement. Deux systèmes oxydes ont été étudiés. Le premier est le matériau ferroélectrique SrBi2Nb2O9 déposé sur SrTiO3 par voie sol-gel. L' analyse de la largeur, ainsi que l'analyse de Fourier des profils de raie de diffraction X ont montré l'existence de fautes d'empilement le long de l'axe c. L'étude de la microstructure de couches de ZrO2 dopé Y2O3 déposées par voie sol-gel sur Al2O3 a été basée sur la modélisation des profils de diffraction dans plusieurs directions de l'espace réciproque en prenant en compte des paramètres physiques( instrument et microstructure). Les mécanismes d'épitaxie par croissance granulaire et de séparation de phase vide/matière au sein de la couche ont été mis en évidence. L'analyse a de plus montré que les couches sont fortement déformées et que ces déformations sont partiellement relaxées par l'insertion de défauts d'accommodation
This work deals with microstructural analysis in oxide epitaxial layers. Specific acquisition methods have been developed, such as the so-called reciprocal space mapping technique. Experiments have been carried out on a home made diffractometer devoted to the study of nanostructured materials. This set-up allows very fast reciprocal space map acquisitions (e. G. A few tens of minutes) in a high resolution mode. The two-dimensional instrumental profile has been calculated taking into account each optical element in the beam path : the X-ray source, the four-bounce monochromator, the sample and the curved position sensitive detector. This study showed that the instrumental broadening can be as low as a few thousandth of degrees in most of the scanning modes. Two oxide systems have been investigated. The first one is the ferroelectric material SrBi2Nb2O9 deposited onto SrTiO3 by sol-gel coating. Integral breadth as well as Fourier analysis of the diffraction profiles showed that the samples contain stacking faults located along the c-axis. The microstructural analysis of Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 thin films deposited onto Al2O3 by sol-gel coating has been undertaken by profile modeling into several directions of reciprocal space taking into account physical parameters (the instrument and the microstructure). A peculiar epitaxial growth mechanism and a void/matter phase separation have been evidenced. Additionally it is shown that the layers are highly strained, and strain relaxation probably occurs by the introduction of misfit dislocations

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Haven, Scott. "Measuring surface ocean wave height and directional spectra using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler from an autonomous underwater vehicle". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78181.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-119).
The Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) is a proven technology which is capable of measuring surface wave height and directional information, however it is generally limited to rigid, bottom mounted applications which limit its capabilities for measuring deep water waves. By employing an upward looking ADCP on a moving platform, such as an autonomous underwater vehicle or submerged float, we show that it is possible to remove the wave induced motion of the platform and accurately measure surface ocean wave information. The platform selected for testing was a REMUS-100 vehicle equipped with an upward and downward looking ADCP and high accuracy Kearfott inertial navigation unit. Additionally, a Microstrain 3DM-GX3-25 Attitude Heading Reference System was tested as a low cost alternative to the Kearfott system. An experiment consisting of multiple REMUS deployments was conducted near the Martha's Vineyard Coastal Observatory (MVCO). The wave induced motion was measured by various inertial and acoustic sensors and removed from the ADCP data record. The surface wave height and mean directional estimates were compared against a Datawell MKIII directional Waverider buoy and bottom mounted 1200 kHz upward looking ADCP at the MVCO. Results demonstrate that the non-directional spectrum of wave height and the mean wave direction as a function of frequency can be accurately measured from an underway autonomous underwater vehicle in coastal depth waters using an ADCP.
by Scott Haven.
S.M.

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35

Zayane, Najoua. "Apprentissage énergétique du rayonnement : rôle de l'instrument de mesure dans la validation de la modélisation : pour une problématique en termes de théorie des situations et de profil conceptuel". Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10262.

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Ce travail a pour finalité l'expérimentation d'une situation d'apprentissage du rayonnement énergétique par des élèves français (1ère S), tunisiens (2ème année), des étudiants tunisiens (1ère année). Notre problématique se développe dans des cadres historique (évolution des théories du rayonnement, de la photométrie), épistémologique (rôle de l'instrument de mesure dans la construction théorique), physique (rayonnement), psychologique (modèle du profil conceptuel), didactique (Théorie des situations). L'expérimentation a permis de vérifier les fonctions dynamiques de l'instrument de mesure, de valider partiellement notre hypothèse didactique (l'instrument de mesure est un élément du milieu qui permet la dévolution et l'apprentissage. Il est lié au symbole par la connaissance à enseigner, au dispositif et à la consigne) par l'évolution des profils conceptuels des apprenants

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Bergeron, Karine. "Profil socioaffectif d'enfants abusés sexuellement âgés entre 3 et 6 ans en lien avec leur capacité à jouer". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/45702.

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Rare sont les études empiriques qui, palliant limites langagières de l’enfant, ont investigué la symptomatologie psychologique et comportementale de l’abus sexuel auprès des enfants en examinant les séquelles de ce trauma au travers le jeu libre. Conséquemment, l’objectif de la présente étude est de relever le profil socioaffectif de deux groupes d’enfants abusés sexuellement dont l’un démontre une capacité à jouer préservée et l’autre se caractérise par une activité ludique limitée. En outre, cette recherche vise à identifier les variables relatives aux profils dégagés qui discriminent de façon plus spécifique chacun des deux groupes d’enfants à l’étude. L’échantillon est constitué de 50 enfants abusés sexuellement âgés entre 3 et 6 ans. Tel que prédit, les résultats démontrent que les enfants ayant un potentiel ludique limité, comparativement aux enfants où le potentiel est préservé, sont caractérisés par un surcroît de comportements de nature anxio-dépressive. De plus, ils démontrent un nombre significativement plus élevé de comportements dissociatifs et leur profil symptomatologique est davantage « Internalisé ». Ces résultats supportent l'idée que l'abus sexuel, agissant comme traumatisme, perturbe la capacité à jouer de deux manières différentes : soit il bloque l'accès au jeu chez certains enfants, soit il trouble l’activité ludique en elle-même chez un autre groupe.

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Bricault, Mickaël. "Rétrodiffusion acoustique par une suspension en milieu turbulent : application à la mesure de profils de concentration pour l'étude de processus hydrosédimentaires". Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0171.

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Nous proposons ici une nouvelle méthode multifréquentielle d'inversion de l'intensité acoustique rétrodiffusée pour estimer le profil de concentration sédimentaire dans une suspension turbulente. L'exploitation de l'information quasi-instantanée et simultanée à différentes fréquences d'émission permet de réduire l'instabilité de la méthode d'inversion: les erreurs d'inversion sont nettement inférieures à celles obtenues avec les méthodes existantes et la propagation des erreurs le long du profil est supprimée. En outre, cette méthode ne nécessite plus de condition limite pour le profil de concentration. Ainsi, on augmente de manière conséquente la portée de l'instrument et on parvient à mesurer le profil de concentration dans des suspensions sédimentaires concentrées, comme en zone benthique à l'interface liUécoulement. Cette nouvelle méthode permet également de simplifier considérablement l'étalonnage du système. Par ailleurs, la présence de microbulles d'air a nécessité des modifications du modèle d'intensité en tenant compte des effets d'atténuation ou de rétrodiffusion des bulles. Dans ces conditions de suspension triphasique, le profil de concentration sédimentaire a ainsi pu être évalué correctement
We propose a novel multifrequency inversion method of backscattered acoustic intensity for the estimation of the sediment concentration in turbulent suspension flows. The quasi-instantaneous and simultaneous information at several frequencies allows to reduce the instability of the inversion method: the inversion errors are significantly lower than those obtained with existing methods and the rror propagation along the profile is suppressed. Furthermore, this concentration method does not require a boundary condition for the concentration profile. As a result, the investigation depth of the instrument is considerably increased and the capacity to measure profiles in high concentration regions such as in the benthic boundary layer is improved. The proposedmethod also simplifies the calibration procedure. Finally, due to the presence of micro air-bubbles in the studied suspension fIows, the backscattered intensity model has been modified to account for attenuation or backscattering effects from these air bubbles. These modifications allowed to estimate the sediment concentration profile in three-phase suspensions

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38

Mauad, Sergio Augusto. "Questões de prosódia: uma investigação, com apoio de instrumentais de análise fonético-acústica, dos padrões entoacionais de falantes bilíngües brasileiros e norte-americanos". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13933.

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This dissertation aims at investigating the prosodic patterns in the speech of bilingual American and Brazilian speakers. By means of acoustic phonetic analysis, the manner by which speakers structure the prosodic groups was investigated in light of models that underscore the discoursal and attitudinal functions of intonation. Analyses were carried out on various strands: pitch configurations in idioms, distribution of pitch accents within an utterance whether it be for contrastive or emphatic reasons, and loss of accentual prominence in words that are no longer part of the common ground between speaker and listener. The study involved 4 female subjects, two Brazilians and two Americans, in the 20-40 age group. The corpus is comprised of 7 sentences in English and in Portuguese, four of which were uttered in the declarative modality, one in the exclamative modality and two in the interrogative modality. The sentences were extracted from a dialogue so constructed as to allow for the expression of attitudes and emotions. The dialogue was read and interpreted in three repetitions. The recordings of the readings were carried out at PUC-SP´s Radio and TV studio. The acoustic analysis of the data was done by means of the PRAAT software program, whereby utterances were segmented into units of varying sizes: GIPC, vowels, syllables and consonants. Results point to the use of language-specific strategies by Brazilian and American speakers: (a) Brazilians seem to favor a greater number of prosodic groups in order to maintain sentence focus at terminals; (b) speakers of both languages are heavily influenced by L1 intonational patterns in YES/N0 questions; (c) idioms as produced by non-natives present pitch configurations which convey attitudes incongruent with their meanings in the target language; (d) there are major distributional differences in the two languages as regards nucleus focus; (e) shared information is not a strong enough reason for deaccenting in Portuguese
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo investigar os padrões entoacionais de produções de falantes bilíngües norte-americanos e brasileiros. Por meio de instrumentais de análise fonético-acústica, foi investigado o modo pelo qual os falantes estruturam os grupos prosódicos, à luz de modelos de descrição da entoação que privilegiem o discurso e as atitudes. Foram analisadas as configurações de pitch em expressões idiomáticas, a distribuição do acento principal de pitch em enunciados em que ocorra contrastividade ou ênfase, e a perda (ou não) de proeminência acentual de palavras que já façam parte do conhecimento mútuo entre falante e ouvinte. O trabalho envolveu quatro sujeitos do sexo feminino na faixa etária entre 20 e 40 anos, sendo duas brasileiras e duas norte-americanas. O corpus é composto de 7 sentenças em inglês e em português, sendo 4 na modalidade declarativa, uma na exclamativa e 2 na interrogativa. As sentenças foram extraídas de um diálogo construído de modo a contemplar a expressão de atitudes e emoções. O diálogo foi lido e interpretado em três repetições. A gravação das leituras foi feita no Estúdio de Rádio e TV da PUC-SP. A análise acústica dos dados foi feita por meio do programa PRAAT, a partir da segmentação dos enunciados em unidades de tamanhos variados: unidades V-V, vogais, sílabas e consoantes. Os resultados obtidos apontam para o uso de estratégias diferenciadas por parte dos falantes brasileiros e norte-americanos: (a) falantes brasileiros tendem a fazer um maior número de fronteiras prosódicas, de modo a manter o acento frasal em fronteira final; (b) falantes de ambas as línguas tendem a sofrer influência dos padrões entoacionais de L1 nas questões totais; (c) A produção de expressões idiomáticas por falantes não nativos apresenta configurações de pitch que carreiam atitudes incompatíveis com seu significado em L2; (d) há diferenças nas duas línguas em relação à posição do acento frasal; (e) nem sempre informação já compartilhada pelos participantes do discurso perde a proeminência acentual no português

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39

Nguyen, Khanh Linh. "Mesures optiques de profils de turbulence pour les futurs systèmes d'optique adaptative et d'observation". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4242/document.

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La connaissance de la turbulence atmosphérique en visée horizontale permet de mieux appréhender la physique des flux de chaleur à l’interface sol-atmosphère. Elle permet également, en visée verticale, d’améliorer les performances des futurs systèmes d’optique adaptative grand-champ pour l’observation astronomique. Le profil de Cn² caractérise localement la force de la turbulence. La méthode CO-SLIDAR, développée par l’ONERA, permet de réaliser des profils de Cn² le long de la ligne de visée du télescope à partir des pentes et de scintillations mesurées par un Analyseur de Shack-Hartmann sur source double. Cette méthode a été validée en visée verticale mais n’avait pas encore montré son efficacité en visée horizontale. Les deux expériences à Lannemezan et à Châtillon-Meudon ont vu la mise en place d'un nouveau profilomètre Shack-Hartmann Infrarouge : le SCINDAR. Elles ont été réalisées sur des surfaces respectivement hétérogène et homogène par morceaux, et elles participent à la validation de la méthode pour des applications agronomiques et écologiques. Mon étude consiste à améliorer le traitement du signal du profilomètre SCINDAR et à valider la méthode CO-SLIDAR pour des mesures de la turbulence atmosphérique proche du sol. Cette méthode a été adaptée en utilisant un formalisme de propagation en onde sphérique. L'étude a permis d'identifier et prendre en compte des sources d'erreur dans le traitement : à savoir la vibration de la machine à froid de l'analyseur de front d'onde cryogénique du SCINDAR et l'étendue des sources dans les fonctions de poids du modèle direct posé pour le traitement des données. Mon étude se consacre à l’amélioration du traitement des données du SCINDAR et à la validation expérimentale des profils de Cn² obtenus avec des mesures de Cn² acquises par des scintillomètres. J'ai construit tout d'abord une base de données de pentes et scintillations de qualité vérifiée. Pour l'inversion des données, j'ai choisi la régularisation L1L2 qui est adaptée pour des mesures de Cn² proches du sol. La méthode de réglage des hyperparamètres de cette régularisation est non-supervisée. Elle permet d’augmenter la fiabilité et la précision de l’estimation du profil de Cn² de façon pragmatique à l'aide des erreurs relatives sur les paramètres turbulents macroscopiques. Le profilomètre SCINDAR avec la méthode CO-SLIDAR ainsi améliorée produit finalement des profils de Cn² d'excellente qualité. Ces profils sont comparés avec succès aux mesures des scintillomètres. L’ensemble de ces travaux constitue l'adaptation de la méthode CO-SLIDAR pour des mesures de la turbulence proche du sol
The knowledge of atmospheric turbulence in horizontal aim allows to better understand the physics of the heat fluxes at the ground-atmosphere interface. It also allows, in vertical aim, to improve the performance of future wide-field adaptive optics systems for astronomical observation. The profile of Cn²locally characterizes the force of turbulence. The CO-SLIDAR method, developed by ONERA, allows profiles of Cn² along the line of sight of the telescope, from the slopes and scintillations of a double source measured by Shack-Hartmann analyzer. This method was validated in vertical aim but had not yet shown its effectiveness in horizontal aim. The two experiments in Lannemezan and Châtillon-Meudon introduced a new Shack-Hartmann Infrared profilometer: the SCINDAR. They were carried out on heterogeneous and piecewise homogeneous surfaces respectively, and they participate in the validation of the method for agronomic and ecological applications. My study consists of improving SCINDAR profilometer signal processing and validating the CO-SLIDAR method for near-ground atmospheric turbulence measurements. This method has been adapted using a spherical wave propagation formalism. The study identified and took into account sources of error in processing: the cold machine vibration of the SCINDAR cryogenic wavefront analyzer and the extent of the sources in the weight functions of the direct model set for data processing. My study focuses on improvement of the SCINDAR data processing and experimental validation profiles Cn² obtained with Cn² measurements acquired by scintillometers. I first built a database of slopes and scintillations of verified quality. For the inversion of the data, I chose the L1L2 regularization which is suitable for near-ground Cn² measurements. The method of setting the hyperparameters of this regularization is unsupervised. It makes it possible to increase the reliability and the accuracy of the Cn² profile estimation in a pragmatic way using the relative errors of the macroscopic turbulent parameters. The SCINDAR profilometer with the improved CO-SLIDAR method finally produces Cn² profiles of excellent quality. These profiles are successfully compared to scintillometer measurements. All of this work constitues the adaptation of the CO-SLIDAR method for measurements of near-ground turbulence

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40

Constancias, Christophe. "Emission d'électrons par effet de champ à partir de micropointes pour écrans plats : simulations, caractérisations et confrontations expérimentales". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10002.

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Les feds (field emission displays) utilisent des millions de microcanons a electrons : les micropointes. L'uniformite et la stabilite de ces micropointes sont des qualites indispensables pour la fabrication optimisee des emetteurs et la performance des feds. L'objectif de cette etude est d'evaluer precisement les proprietes emissives de cathodes a micropointes fabriquees pour les ecrans plats. Il s'agit de correler les modeles developpes a partir de la simulation de micropointes avec les caracteristiques experimentales observees sur ces memes micropointes. Le travail est scinde en trois parties que nous avons comparees entre elles, afin d'obtenir la correlation globale des resultats de cette etude. Pour commencer, nous avons etudie et simule l'emission du courant de monopointes (en fonction de differents parametres geometriques) par la modelisation du parametre de champ , decrivant la finesse d'une pointe. Nous avons montre qu'un modele proche de la realite geometrique des pointes, (ne comportant qu'un seul site emetteur), permet d'evaluer l'influence des parametres geometriques et valide les resultats experimentaux obtenus pour la plupart des monopointes : voir courbes courant tension i(v). Dans un deuxieme temps, nous avons caracterise les proprietes emissives de monopointes, par des observations en microscopie a force atomique (afm), l'analyse des courbes i(v), et la mesure des spots produits par les faisceaux d'electrons ainsi que leurs angles d'ouvertures. Dans le cas de pointes particulierement emissives, nos resultats experimentaux (confrontes aux simulations) montrent que la structure nanometrique, des sites emetteurs, confere aux pointes des proprietes remarquables et que l'emission se distingue d'une emission fowler-nordheim pure. Enfin, la troisieme partie de cette these est consacree a l'evaluation des proprietes statistiques de l'emission de cathodes (avec une densite de pointes de plusieurs 10#4 ptes/mm#2) dont la structure est identique a celle des feds. Ainsi, nous avons mis au point un montage experimental appele projecteur a lentilles electrostatiques, pour comptabiliser directement le nombre d'emetteurs actifs d'une cathode en fonction du potentiel applique entre la grille d'extraction et les pointes, de l'environnement (gaz), de differents traitements ou du temps. Les resultats obtenus avec cet instrument montrent que plus de 50% des micropointes sont actives et que la deviation de l'emissivite est largement imputable aux dispersions geometriques des emetteurs. Un modele d'analyse statistique semi-empirique a ete developpe pour correler ces resultats experimentaux avec les simulations et les observations afm de la dispersion des parametres geometriques des pointes. Mots cles : emission par effet de champ, cathodes a micropointes, simulations de micropointes, optique electrostatique, instrumentation, feds (field emission displays), mesures topographiques afm

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Unluol, Unal Neslihan. "Examination of a Rating Scale to Assess Teachers' Treatment Acceptability of Reading Interventions for Struggling Readers in Elementary Schools". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1522281162422657.

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Carvalho, Liza Fachin de. "Análise da cultura organizacional no gerenciamento de projetos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18156/tde-04012016-154049/.

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O gerenciamento de projetos de forma sistematizada vem se tornando essencial para todo tipo de organização, pois os mercados a cada dia tornam-se cada vez mais competitivos, os recursos mais escassos e os clientes muito mais exigentes. É possível observar isso com o número crescente de empresas que se associam ao Project Management Institute (PMI) - referência nas melhores práticas em gerenciamento de projetos - que desde o final de 2013 possui mais de 400.000 empresas associadas em todo o planeta. Tal tendência é natural, visto que as empresas necessitam se destacar nos negócios em um mercado cada vez mais dinâmico a fim de garantir a sua sobrevivência. De acordo com Gu et al. (2013), uma questão-chave na investigação de gerenciamento de projetos gira em torno de porquê alguns projetos são bem sucedidos, enquanto outros não. Esta questão levou os pesquisadores a explorar determinantes potenciais que possam levar ao sucesso ou fracasso de um projeto. Por exemplo, o Standish Group International (2009) encontrou uma taxa global de fracasso do projeto em torno de 72% nos EUA. É certo que a cultura organizacional exerce forte influência no sucesso dos projetos, mas seria possível diagnosticá-la para com isso melhor conduzir as equipes de projeto? Deste modo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar a relação entre a cultura organizacional e o gerenciamento de projetos, utilizando-se para tanto dos modelos como o Competing Values Framework (CVF) e o Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI). O emprego dos modelos se justifica por serem os mais utilizados na literatura em gestão organizacional, embora não tenham sido encontrados estudos empíricos que os utilize no contexto brasileiro em gerenciamento de projetos. O método utilizado para obtenção do perfil cultural dominante para o sucesso em gerenciamento de projetos foi survey, na qual o modelo OCAI foi adaptado e destinado para gerentes e membros de equipe de projetos. Observou-se através da análise dos dados, que a cultura de clã foi a que apresentou forte influência para o sucesso no gerenciamento de projetos de acordo com a percepção dos respondentes da survey. É importante ressaltar que não há um perfil de cultura melhor que o outro, portanto, a cultura de gerenciamento de projetos obtida é apenas o diagnóstico de uma cultura organizacional que poderá permitir a obtenção de um desempenho superior, ou seja, sucesso no atendimento de escopo, qualidade, custo e prazo. Discute-se para estudos futuros a importância de se empregar respondentes de diferentes estados do Brasil e ainda de outros países, buscando estabelecer que não existam influências de outros fatores culturais regionais na percepção dos respondentes.
Project management in a systematic manner has become essential for any type of organization, because the markets every day become increasingly competitive, scarce resources and more demanding customers. You can see this with the growing number of companies that are associated with the Project Management Institute (PMI) - reference the best practices in project management - which since late 2013 has more than 400,000 affiliates around the world. This tendency is natural, since companies need to stand out in business in an increasingly dynamic market in order to ensure their survival. According to Gu et al. (2013), a key issue in project management research centers on why some projects are successful while others do not. This question led the researchers to explore potential determinants that can lead to success or failure of a project. For example, the Standish Group International (2009) found an overall rate of failure of the project around 72% in the US. Admittedly, the organizational culture has a strong influence on the success of the projects, but it would be possible to diagnose it for it better lead project teams? Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between organizational culture and project management, using for both models like the Competing Values Framework (CVF) and the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI). The use of models is justified because they are the most used in the literature on organizational management, although we did not find empirical studies that use them in the Brazilian context in project management. The method used to obtain the dominant cultural profile for success in project management was the survey, in which the OCAI model was adapted and designed for managers and project team members. It was observed by analyzing the data, the clan culture showed the strong influence for success in project management according to the perception of the survey respondents. Importantly, there is a better culture profile than the other, so the obtained project management culture is only the diagnosis of an organizational culture that may allow obtaining superior performance, ie success in scope of service, quality, cost and schedule. It is argued for further study the importance of employing respondents from different states of Brazil and even from other countries, seeking to establish that there are no influences from other regional cultural factors in the perception of respondents.

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Zine, el abidine Nacer. "Evaluation de Réticules Avancés : Propriétés optiques des réticules et prise en compte de leur processus de fabrication dans l’amélioration des modèles OPC pour étendre les fenêtres de procédés en lithographie optique par immersion, pour les noeuds technologiques 28nm et 14nm". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT079/document.

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Pour les technologies avancées, la lithographie optique par immersion utilisant des sources 193nm atteint ses limites en termes de résolutions. Les nouvelles techniques de lithographie telles que l’Extrême UV ou l’écriture à faisceaux multiples n’étant pas encore au point d’un point de vue industriel, un ensemble de techniques d’améliorations de la résolution (RET) en évolution constante permet de continuer à travailler avec les équipements à immersion. C’est dans ce contexte que s’inscrit cette thèse en se focalisant sur un des éléments principaux : le réticule. La première partie regroupe l’état de l’art de la photolithographie optique et des techniques d’amélioration de la résolution, ainsi qu’un ensemble de notions utile à la compréhension des parties B et C. La partie B concerne la réduction des effets de focalisation, plus connu sous l’appellation anglaise ‘’Best focus shift mitigation’’, observés sur des niveaux denses de type ‘’Metal’’ pour les technologies avancées. Cette partie permet de comprendre l’influence des organes physiques sur le trajet optique et propose comme solution au Best focus Shift un changement de réticule, validé d’abord via simulation puis par voie expérimentale sur plaquette. La partie C de ce manuscrit présente la prise en compte des effets inhérents à la fabrication des réticules dans l’étape de correction des effets de proximité optique, de la description des effets impliqués à la calibration et l’utilisation d’un modèle dédié
For advanced technologies nodes, immersion optical lithography using 193nm sources reaches its limits in terms of resolutions. Since new lithography techniques such as Extreme UV or multi-beam writing are not yet ready from an industrial point of view, a continuous evolving set of tools known as Resolution Enhancement Technics (RET) allows to continue working with immersion equipment, pushing the resolution limits as much as possible. With the increasing design complexity, this task is more and more challenging. Within this frame this dissertation is addressed to improve the lithographic process variability by focusing on one of the main elements: the reticles.The first part brings together the state of the art of optical photolithography and resolution improvement techniques, as well as a set of concepts useful for parts B and C understanding. Part B deals with the reduction of focusing effects, better known as "Best focus shift mitigation", observed on dense levels such as "Metal" for advanced technologies. This part helps to understand the influence of the physical organs on the optical path and proposes as a solution to the Best focus Shift a reticle change, firstly validated via simulation and then experimentally at wafer level. Part C presents how the inherent effects of reticle fabrication can be taken into account in the Optical Proximity effects Corrections steps, from the description of the effects involved to the calibration and the use of a dedicated mask model

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Гупка, Андрій Богданович, А. B. Hupka y Андрей Богданович Гупка. "Технологічне забезпечення виготовлення стрічкових гвинтових заготовок з вигнутим профілем". Thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет ім. Івана Пулюя, 2016. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16689.

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Роботу виконано в Тернопільському національному технічному університеті імені Івана Пулюя Міністерства освіти і науки України.Захист відбувся 01 липня 2016 р. о 10 годині на засіданні спеціалізованої вченої ради К 58.052.03 у Тернопільському національному технічному університеті імені Івана Пулюя за адресою: 46001, м. Тернопіль, вул. Руська, 56, ауд. 58.З дисертацією можна ознайомитися в науково-технічній бібліотеці Тернопільського національного технічного університету імені Івана Пулюя за адресою: 46001, м. Тернопіль, вул. Руська, 56.
Дисертаційна робота присвячена проектуванню та виготовленню технологічного устаткування, робочого інструменту для реалізації технологічного процесу виготовлення стрічкових гвинтових заготовок з вигнутим профілем. Для вирішення поставлених задач проведено комплекс теоретичних та експериментальних досліджень процесу формоутворення ГЗВП із використанням спеціального технологічного устаткування та інструменту. Виведено аналітичні залежності для визначення силових параметрів формоутворення ГЗВП за допомогою формувальних роликів залежно від конструктивних параметрів і матеріалу заготовки. Виведенні аналітичні залежності розрахунку складових зусиль процесу формоутворення ГЗВП в гарячому та холодному станах методом навивання на оправу профільної стрічки, встановлено величину напружень в зоні пластичної деформації вигнутого профілю та визначено енергосилові і конструктивні параметри залежно від кута нахилу полички, товщини витка спіралі, ширини полички та матеріалу гвинтової заготовки. Досліджено динаміку процесу проточування зовнішньої крайки гвинтової стрічкової заготовки з вигнутим профілем, що дозволило визначити основні силові параметри процесу проточування та встановити характер зміни величини деформації складових технологічної системи.
Диссертацию посвящено проектированию и изготовлению технологического оборудования, рабочего инструмента для реализации технологического процесса изготовления ленточных винтовых заготовок с изогнутым профилем. Для решения поставленных задач проведен комплекс теоретических и экспериментальных исследований процесса формообразования ВЗИП с использованием специального технологического оборудования и инструмента. Выведены аналитические зависимости для определения силовых параметров формообразования ВЗИП с помощью формовочных роликов в зависимости от конструктивных параметров и материала заготовки. Выведеные аналитические зависимости расчета составляющих усилий процесса формообразования ВЗИП в горячем и холодном состояниях методом навивки вставной профильной ленты, установлено величину напряжений в зоне деформации изогнутого профиля и определены энергосиловые и конструктивные параметры в зависимости от угла наклона полочки, толщины витка спирали, ширины полочки и материала винтовой заготовки. Исследована динамика процесса проточки внешней кромки ленточной винтовой заготовки с изогнутым профилем, что позволило определить основные силовые параметры процесса проточки и установить характер изменения величины деформации составляющих технологической системы. Экспериментально установлено, что преобладающими факторами, которые влияют на величину крутящего момента при формообразовании изогнутого профиля на ленточной винтовой заготовке, является диаметр винтовой спирали и толщина витка спирали, угол наклона полочки на силовые параметры процесса формообразования изогнутого профиля имеет незначительное влияние. Разработана методика выбора конструктивных элементов технологического оборудования и инструмента, экономически обоснована эффективность навивки ленточной заготовки с одновременным или последующим формированием изогнутого профиля на винтовой заготовке, что примерно в три раза дешевле, чем ее изготовления другими способами.
The thesis is devoted to the design and manufacture of technological equipment, tools for implementation of technological process of manufacturing screw conveyor pieces of a curved profile. To solve the set goals, the complex theoretical and experimental studies of SCCP (screw conveyor piece of a curved profile) formation by means of special technological equipment and tools were conducted. The analytical dependences to determine the power parameters of SCCP formation by means of coiler rolls depending on the piece structural parameters and material were developed. The analytical dependences of calculation of component efforts of SCCP formation in hot and cold states by coiling method for setting the profile strip on a framework were developed as well. The value of the stress in the zone of plastic deformation of curved profile was determined. The energy-power and structural parameters in dependence on the declination angle of shelves, spiral thickness, width and material of screw blanks were defined. The dynamics of the process of gnawing through external edge of screw conveyor piece with a curved profile was studied. The main power parameters of the process of gnawing were determined. The nature of changing the value of deformation of technological system constituents was studied.

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Pipatsattayanuwong, Siriporn. "Instrumental and sensory texture profile analysis of Asian wheat noodles". Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/27246.

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Texture, a critical property of Asian wheat noodles, is normally assessed by sensory evaluation. However, sensory evaluation may be impractical for wheat breeders and noodle researchers who need to evaluate a large number of samples and have limited sample. Instrumental Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) has been widely employed to evaluate Asian wheat noodle texture. Nevertheless, a standardized method for performing TPA on these products has not been established. A series of studies were conducted to develop a testing method to best relate TPA results to sensory texture characteristics of Asian wheat noodles. First, the optimum TPA testing conditions (crosshead speed and degree of deformation) were determined for each noodle category (alkaline, instant fried, salted flat, and salted round), and were defined as the conditions which best related their results to the sensory data. Partial Least Squares (PLS2) was used to examine relationships between sensory first-chew characteristics (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, denseness, starch between teeth, and toothpull) and TPA output (peak areas and heights). Response Surface Methodology determined the optimum TPA conditions (crosshead speed and % deformation) as follow: 1 mm/s and 85 % for alkaline, 1 mm/s and 70% for instant fried and salted round, and 5 mm/s and 65 % for salted flat noodles. Second, the effects of two sample cooking factors: noodle weights (20, 50, 100 g) and noodle to water ratios (1:10, 1:20) and three holding factors: media (with, without water), temperatures (25, 55 °C), and times (2, 15, 30 min), on the TPA results were investigated. Cooking factors did not significantly affect the TPA results but higher holding temperatures, the use of water as a holding media, and longer holding time significantly decreased most TPA parameters' values. Third, relationships between TPA and sensory first-chew parameters were examined for each noodle category. Predictive models of each sensory first-chew attribute were developed using linear and nonlinear (Fechner and Stevens) models, with single and multiple parameters. Hardness could be satisfactorily predicted by a single TPA parameter (area 1 or area 2), but other attributes required multiple parameters in the models to be satisfactorily predicted. Different model types were selected for each sensory attribute and noodle category. TPA peak area 1 and 2 were the best predictors for first-chew characteristics of cooked Asian wheat noodles.
Graduation date: 1998

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Huang, Yu-Wen y 黃鈺雯. "The Profile of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Geriatric Depression". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/beqaz9.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
職能治療研究所
107
Background: Geriatric Depression (GD) is the most common mental health disorder among older adults. Patients with GD may suffer from depression symptoms, mild cognitive dysfunction and impairment in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). Poor IADL performance or decreased IADL participation may worsen their depression symptoms, lead to advanced cognitive impairment, and have an impact on quality of life. Hence, how to assess and improve IADL performance of GD patients is important for healthcare providers. However, there was limited number of studies about IADL performance of GD patients. Previous research mainly focused on IADL performance measured by self-report scales instead of the self-perceived difficulties or capacity in performing IADL. Also, there was a lack of comparison between the self-reported IADL performance and the self-perceived difficulty or capacity in performing IADL. Furthermore, growing evidence suggests that late-onset depression (LOD) differs from recurrent depression (RD) in terms of clinical features and etiology. Nonetheless, the IADL profile and mechanisms of IADL disabilities remain to be clarified. Aims: The purpose of this study is threefold: (1) To examine the differences between IADL capacity, actual performance of IADL and perceived difficulties when performing IADL among patients with GD and healthy controls (HCs), LOD and RD, (2) to investigate the performance of distinct IADL items in GD, and (3) to evaluate the correlation of depression and cognitive deficits to IADL function. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive research design was employed. The GD patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder were recruited from psychiatric clinics in a medical center while those community-dwelling older adults without obvious cognitive and mood problems were recruited as the HCs. All participants were administered a series of tests on cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Stroop Color and Word Test), depression severity (Geriatric depression scale-Short Form) and triple-dimensional IADL function (The UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment, The Disability Assessment for Dementia-IADL scale). The authors compared the IADL performance between GD and HC, LOD and RD through multiple regression analysis. In addition, we used partial correlation and multiple regression analysis to evaluate the relationship of depression severity and cognitive deficits to IADL function. Results: There were 105 older adults (38 LOD, 25RD, 42 HC) recruited in this study, with matched gender and educational level (Pgender=.541, Pedu=.152) among the three groups. However, the average age of RD group(59±5.9) is younger than the other groups (LOD:68±7.8, HC:69±9.0). Both of the LOD and RD group were significantly worse than HCs in terms of general IADL capacity (PLOD=.000, PRD=.001), performance (PLOD=.000, PRD=.002) and perceived difficulties (PLOD=.000, PRD=.000). Compared with the RD group, the LOD group performed significantly worse on financial management (P=.015) while performing significantly better on telephoning (P=.032) and preparing meals (P=.031). Both groups were significantly interfered with the performance on leisure (PLOD=.000, PRD=.001), going on an outing (PLOD=.004, PRD=.015) and housework (PLOD=.007, PRD=.018), but not on medications. The results of partial correlation analysis revealed a low to moderate correlation between general cognition and varied dimension of IADL assessments (rLOD=.222~.545, rRD=.385~.393). Nevertheless, depression demonstrated moderate correlations with IADL performance (rLOD=.439, rRD=.618), perceived difficulties (rLOD=.456, rRD=.569) but rare to low correlation with IADL capacity (rLOD=.032, rRD=.208). Conclusions: This study showed that patients with GD had deficits in IADL capacity, performance and perceived difficulties. Although there were no significant differences between the LOD group and RD group on the triple-dimensional IADL function, they showed certain degree of diversity to distinct IADL items. Cognitive impairment had a prominent effect on IADL capacity of GD group, while depression is the key factor that affects actual performance of IADL and perceived difficulties in performing IADL. Besides, neither cognition nor depression serves as a mediator or mediating variable to IADL function. The results indicate the underlying IADL profile and mechanism of IADL dysfunction among GD patients. Moreover, they may help clinicians to develop an integrative evaluation and customized interventions targeting IADL dysfunction caused by GD.

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Pollen, Noel R. "Instrumental and sensory characterization for a texture profile analysis of fluid foods". 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08262002-175913/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

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Silva, Francisco de Almeida Garrett Soares da. "Analysis of the colour profile of port wines using different instrumental methods and visual approaches". Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/21647.

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Colour is an important quality parameter in wines and is the result of a complex mixture of pigments (including anthocyanins and their derivatives, quinones, xanthyllium compounds, etc.). Red wine colour changes over time, as pigments react between themselves and with other wine macromolecules (particularly polyphenols). During wine tasting, colour is normally assessed on the outer rim of the wine in a tilted glass, since most wines are too opaque to be analysed in the middle of the glass. Therefore, depending on the depth of observation considered, the perception of wine colour can be different. The current official (OIV) method for measuring wine colour is based on UV/Vis spectrophotometric determination of the spectrum. In the current official (OIV) method, the transmittance spectrum of a particular sample is measured and used to calculate CIE-L*a*b* parameters (L*, a* and b*), which define a single (predominant) colour for a particular wine. Reflectance colorimetry is an alternative well-established method for measuring colour in foodstuffs, which can also be used in translucent samples (such as wines) as long as a reflective background is used. In this work, a reflectance colorimeter was used to measure CIE-L*a*b* colour parameters of Port wine samples of different categories at different depths, in Petri dishes. The obtained results were compared with the parameters obtained using the OIV method. In addition, the colour profile of Port wine samples was analysed using the colorimetric approach described above. An (untrained) panel was asked to assess the colour hue of the wine samples in Petri dishes, using an unstructured line scale, with the goal of establishing a correlation with the colorimetric readings at the same depths. The results suggest the colorimetric method can be used as an alternative to the OIV method for estimating the L* and H* parameters (the most important for wine colour definition), being quicker and more informative. In addition, there is a good correlation between H* parameter of colorimetric readings and the visual assessment of colour hue at all tested depths, being slightly better at lower depths. The colorimetric determination of wine colour at different depths can be conveniently used to characterize the visually perceived hue of Port wines.
A cor é um parâmetro de qualidade importante em vinhos e é o resultado de uma mistura complexa de pigmentos (incluindo antocianinas e os seus derivados, quinonas, compostos xanthyllium, etc.). A cor do vinho muda ao longo do tempo, assim como os pigmentos reagem entre si e com outras macromoléculas presentes no vinho (especialmente polifenóis). Durante prova de vinhos, a cor é normalmente avaliada na orla do copo de vinho inclinado (45º), uma vez que a maioria dos vinhos são muito opacos para serem analisados no meio do copo. Por conseguinte, dependendo da profundidade de observação considerada, a perceção de cor de vinho pode ser diferente. O método oficial (OIV) para medir a cor de vinho é baseado na determinação espectrofotométrica UV / Vis. Neste método, o espectro de transmitância de uma determinada amostra é medida e usada para calcular os parâmetros CIE L * a * b *, que definem uma única cor (predominante) para um determinado vinho. Colorimetria pode ser considerado alternativo para a medição de cor em géneros alimentícios, também podendo ser utilizado em amostras translúcidas (tais como vinhos), desde que um fundo refletor seja usado. Neste trabalho, um colorímetro foi utilizado para medir parâmetros de cor CIEL* a*b* de amostras de vinho do Porto de categorias diferentes em diferentes profundidades, em placas de Petri. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os parâmetros obtidos usando o método OIV. Além disso, o perfil de cor de vinho do Porto amostras foi analisada utilizando a abordagem colorimétrica descrita acima. Além disto, um painel (não treinado) foi convidado a avaliar a tonalidade de cor das amostras de vinho em placas de Petri, usando uma escala linear não estruturada, com o objetivo de estabelecer uma correlação com as leituras colorimétricas com as mesmas profundidades. Os resultados sugerem que o método colorimétrico pode ser utilizado como uma alternativa ao método OIV para estimar os parâmetros L * e H * (importantes na definição da cor de vinho), sendo um método mais rápido e informativo. Além disso, boas correlações foram obtidas entre as medições com o colorímetro do parâmetro H* (CIE-L*a*b*) e a avaliação visual pelo painel da tonalidade da cor a todas as profundidades testadas, sendo ligeiramente melhor em profundidades inferiores. A determinação colorimétrica da cor do vinho a diferentes profundidades pode ser convenientemente utilizada para caracterizar a cor percebida visualmente em vinhos do Porto.

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Chung, Hyung-Keun. "Microcomputer-based fluorometric kinetic determination of ascorbic acid and flow injection analysis methods for interference correction and kinetic determinations based on the peak profile". Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/38089.

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Pereira, Keline Mara Medina. "Estudo transcultural de validação do Workplace PERMA-Profiler : um instrumento de bem-estar". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/7346.

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Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia da Saúde.
O presente estudo tem como objetivo validar a versão portuguesa do instrumento de bem-estar no trabalho, Workplace PERMA Profiler, numa amostra de 618 trabalhadores portugueses e angolanos. Participaram, voluntária e anonimamente, 294 portugueses (70.1% mulheres, 29.9% homens), entre os 19 e 65 anos de idade (M=38, DP=11) e 324 angolanos (67.3% mulheres e 32.7% homens), entre 21 e 67 anos (M=37; DP=7). O Workplace PERMA Profiler (WPP) é uma versão adaptada ao contexto de trabalho da escala de bem-estar PERMA Profiler. O objetivo da escala WPP é avaliar o bem-estar no trabalho de maneira multidimensional, que medem as cinco dimensões do florescimento psicológico com base na teoria de Martin Seligman (2011), emoções positivas, envolvimento, relações, significado, realização, que acresce mais duas dimensões de emoções negativas, saúde, um item para solidão e um item para a felicidade. A validade do instrumento foi feita através da sensibilidade dos itens, fiabilidade, validade fatorial confirmatória, validade convergente e discriminante. As subescalas apresentaram boa fiabilidade (α > 0.7), exceto a subescala de realização (amostra portuguesa) e a de envolvimento (amostra angolana). A variância extraída média (<0.5) e a fiabilidade compósita (<0.7) revelaram problemas nestas subescalas respetivamente. A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória demonstrou um ajustamento sofrível do modelo de 7 fatores com a amostra portuguesa (X2df: 2.067; CFI: 0.954; PCFI: 0.754; GFI: 0.900; PGFI: 0.647; RMSEA: 0.060, p= 0.031) e um ajustamento aceitável do modelo de 5 fatores com a amostra angolana (X2df: 2.902; CFI: 0.949; PCFI: 0.714; GFI: 0.917; PGFI: 0.603; RMSEA: 0.77, p= 0.000). A validade discriminante apresentou problemas pois as subescalas não se discriminam entre si, nas duas amostras.Futuras investigações devem explorar com trabalhadores os significados de realização e envolvimento nessas culturas.
This study aims to validate the portuguese version of the workplace well-being instrument, Workplace PERMA Profiler, in a sample of 618 portuguese and angolan workers. The sample was built of 294 Portuguese (70.1% women, 29.9% men), between 19 and 65 years old (M = 38, SD = 11) and 324 Angolans (67.3% women and 32.7% men), between 21 and 67 years (M = 37; SD = 7), who voluntarily and anonymously participated in the study. The Workplace PERMA Profiler (WPP) is a working context-adapted version of the PERMA Profiler Scale. The purpose of the WPP scale is to evaluate multidimensionally well-being at work, by measuring the five dimensions of psychological flourishing based on Martin Seligman's (2011) theory, positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment, along with two dimensions of negative emotions, health, an item for loneliness and an item for happiness. The validity of the instrument was assessed by item sensitivity, reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity. The subscales showed good reliability (α> 0.7), except for the accomplishment scale (portuguese sample) and the engagement scale (angolan sample). The average extracted variance (<0.5) and the composite reliability (<0.7) revealed problems in these subscales, respectively. Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated a acceptable model fit in the 7-factor model with the Portuguese sample (X2df: 2.067; CFI: 0.954; PCFI: 0.754; GFI: 0.900; PGFI: 0.647; RMSEA: 0.060, p = 0.031) and a satisfactory model fit of the 5-factor model with the Angolan sample (X2df: 2.902; CFI: 0.949; PCFI: 0.714; GFI: 0.917; PGFI: 0.603; RMSEA: 0.77, p = 0.000). The discriminant validity presented several problems in the two samples. Future investigations should explore the meanings of achievement and engagement for workers in these cultures.

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