Tesis sobre el tema "Institutions de contrôle"
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Haince, Marie-Claude. "Au coeur des institutions d'immigration : dispositifs, gestion et contrôle migratoire au Canada". Thèse, Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5024.
This study offers a critical analysis of the Canadian immigration system through a detailed examination of the process of an immigrant’s selection from within the category of “skilled workers.” It questions the relationship between the Canadian and Quebecois society and immigration by focusing on the way the state operates through the management of the exclusion/inclusion of immigrants, while trying to understand what is at stake during the immigration process by underlining the effects which that unfold upon those involved in this process. Specifically, the study seeks to see how various representations of the immigrant have crystallized over the time, in turn influencing current representations. It is not a matter of questioning the conditions of their emergence, but rather to see the effects they produce. It is also important to identify the range of strategies and practices at work in the immigration process. Starting with a particular case, it is possible to highlight wider dynamics and make apparent the links between global trends in immigration (commodification and securitization) and their articulations with a specific national policy. This research is articulated around three approaches: an anthropology of institutions, an anthropology of the state, bureaucracy and bureaucrats and an anthropology of policy. The intricacies between these approaches places the focus on several constitutive elements of the apparatus surrounding immigration, in particular Canadian and Quebecois immigration institutions, legislative and statutory texts, policies, speeches, diverse measures and procedures implemented, the practices of employees within these institutions, etc. Through a “problematisation” of the relationship to immigration, the aim is to retrace the transformations and movements of this relationship and to recast it in its historicity so as to see how immigration and immigrants are constituted as subjects. More succinctly, it is a questioning of the historic horizon within which the current management of immigration takes shape. This understanding of the implementation of migratory control in Canada is also based on an examination of current immigration policies. It seeks to highlight the implicit categories associated with the constitution of the “subject-immigrant,” starting from bureaucratic and administrative categorizations, in order to question the construction of polarized categories – “commodity” and “threat” – accompanying the “manufacturing” of the “perfect” immigrant. The ethnographic data provided allows an understanding of the strategies and daily practices that are materialized within immigration institutions in order to highlight the effects they produce on immigrants – processes of desubjectivation/resubjectivation, negation of personal life history, reduction to a simple preestablished category – and to examine the micropolitics at work. Finally, the arguments are recast into a wider logics of contemporary migration management. The commodification and securitization of immigration are effectively at the heart of the apparatus surrounding immigration, the “actualisation principles” of the migratory management that allow the indirect regulation of migratory flows that facilitate circulation deemed “beneficial” for Canada, while, at the same time, restricting those who could be “threatening”. In short, this research allows us to understand what consists of the management of immigration in Canada.
Thèse de doctorat réalisée dans le cadre d'une cotutelle entre l'Université de Montréal et l'École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, Paris
Saillard, Sébastien. "Les institutions et aspects juridiques relatifs au contrôle aérien en Europe : Eurocontrol". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60706.
The main legal aspects of Eurocontrol are analysed in this thesis, as well as its cooperation with other organizations involved. Eventually, the future of Eurocontrol is analyzed with respect to future air navigation systems (FANS) based on satellite technology.
Affodegon, Seyive Wilfried. "La performance des institutions parlementaires : analyse quali – quantitative comparée de dix-sept ombudsmans". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67370.
Parliamentary officers, such as ombudsmen, sprang out and developed in the 1960s with the emergence of the welfare state. Their evolution followed the general movement towards the reform of public services. Faced with a democratic deficit, there is a resurgence of those state overseers to ensure the supremacy of democracy. For its survival, democracy needs parliamentary institutions that perform well. In fact, democracy can only prevail with efficient parliamentary institutions. Drawing on the example of these Parliamentary officers, this thesis conceptualises and clarifies the necessary conditions for the performance of the ombudsman in any advanced liberal democratic country. Based on neo-institutionalism theory in organization, the thesis assesses the literature which affirms that it is a set of factors such as independence, impartiality, credibility and accessibility that justify the efficiency of ombudsmen. Relying on qualitative comparative analysis based on fuzzy sets theories of seventeen parliamentary ombudsmen from liberal democracies such as Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States, Scotland, South Africa and Sweden, this thesis redefines their efficiency on a single metric. The research demonstrates that there is neither an absolutely efficient ombudsman, nor a completely inefficient one. From a neo-institutional perspective, the research demonstrates that ombudsmen are not completely independent, impartial, credible or accessible. Ultimately, this thesis breaks new ground by showing that accessibility is a necessary condition but not sufficient for an ombudsman to be more efficient.
Obame, Biyoghe Lin Martial. "Analyse de la performance et des outils de contrôle des institutions de microfinance : le cas du Bénin". Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2039/document.
The purpose of the thesis is to present the conception of the performance defended by MFI in Benin on the basis of a broad definition of performance and its means of monitoring, beyond a purely dual economic and social approach predominant in the microfinance literature. Our research model is based on a multi a varied analysis of the performance of MFI on one hand, and on the question of its degree of relevance in the analysis of the performance of these institutions in the Beninese context on the other hand. The empirical work carried out is based on a qualitative study of the subject through semi-structured interviews with 14 microfinance institutions (MFI) in Benin. It allowed us to confirm that the approach of the performance of these institutions meets multiple objectives, and the leading control systems retained by these organizations are based on three interlocking levers. Control by so-called fundamental values, control by setting objectives and limits upstream and downstream of the action of MFI by its owner-managers, and control by reporting based on a multidimensional approach to performance. At the level of the axes composing the reporting lever, in addition to financial, internal process, organizational learning and customers, we will see that the environment and the regulatory constraints are also variables retained by many MFI in the analysis and the consolidation of their performance. Our work, in addition to analyzing the design of MFI performance, introduces recommendations for improvement
Flizot, Stéphanie. "Les rapports entre les institutions supérieures de contrôle des finances publiques et les pouvoirs publics dans l'Union européenne". Lyon 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO33013.
Guigou, Jean-Daniel. "Allocation et contrôle du capital social : les différents rôles des banques-actionnaires". Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE0003.
The main aim of this thesis is to "evaluate" the impact of banks and other financial intermediaries on firms' real and financial decision. This "evaluation" wants to be both descriptive and prospective. Indeed, not only are advandec the means that banks possess to influence the economy, but also how to extend and to make them more efficient. This "evaluation" wants to be also comparative. Intermediated (indirect) finance has both advantages and inconvenients with respect to direct finance. Chapter 1 arguen that firms hold money and liquid assets to avoid external financial constraints, resulting from asymetrical information on capital markets, to be effective. These liquidity problems seem to be inexistant for firms with a close relationship with a bank-cum-stockholder. Chapter 2 suggests that banks are better suited than shareholders to solve the problems related to the separation between ownership and control of modern firms. Prematuratef and inefficient liquidation decisions are fewer when a bank-cumstockholder controls the firm in a situation of financial distress. Chapter 3 holds that the relationships of exclusivity between a bank and a form are based on omplicit arragements that cross-shareholdings between the two parties reinforce, and act on the investment horizon of firms
Baudu, Aurélien. "Contribution à l'étude des pouvoirs budgétaires du Parlement en France : éclairage historique et perspectives d'évolution". Toulouse 1, 2008. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247175840.
La, Rupelle Maëlys de. "Institutions financières, migrations et inégalités en Chine". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0025.
This PhD focuses on the relationship between institutions and development, and, more specifically, on land rights and on internaI migration in China in the early 2000s. Our work deals with two main questions: is institution al reform able to transform deeply society and to have a durable impact on inequaIity ? How institutions are impacting individual decisions and therefore development? The three decades of the Maoist period aimed precisely at disrupting the intergenerational transmission of inequalities. Yet, we show that the offspring of the households which were the poorest in the 1940s have, in the ear1y twenty-first century, less access to land and education than others. In rare areas, where revolution has benefited from additional resources and that the Long March path identifies, we observe a reverse pattern: the sons of the former poor peasants rely on a bigger amount of land than others. As access to land and education proves to be persistent, migration has an important role to play in developing the countryside. However, migration is heavily constrained by a set of institutions. The household registration system, or Hukou, land rights, birth control are making a definitive settlement in urban areas extremely difficult. We show how land rights insecurity, jeopardizing the main asset of rural households, and family planning policies, reducing family size, and thus resources to cope with agricultural needs, shorten migration duration
Foulhiac, de Padirac Hortense de. "Le contrôle et l’évaluation parlementaire : l'impact de la réforme constitutionnelle du 23 juillet 2008". Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020013/document.
The constitutional reform of 23rd July 2018 turned checking the work of government and evaluation into one of the most significant leveraging effect for the role of the Parliament within the institutions. It has deeply renewed the function of control: the capacity of control was extended to a level that had never been reached so far and the information towards the Parliament was expanded to many fields. The role of the Constituent also wished to widen the role of the Parliamentary control by providing the assemblies with new expertise regarding the evaluation of public policies. This study shows that the National Assembly and the Senate had two different understandings of their new prerogatives regarding control and evaluation, according to their institutional cultures and to their level of support to the reform of 2008. Therefore, the impact of the constitutional reform of 2008 turned out to be restricted: the Parliament struggles to fulfill its new role as an evaluator but gets more involved as a controller. Therefore, the Constitutional reform of 2008 hasn’t significantly changed the balance of powers between the legislative and executive branches
Chouvel, Rudy. "Le contrôle externe des comptes et de la gestion des collectivités locales dans l'Union européenne". Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D002.
Every European Union Member State conducts external financial and performance auditing on local governments through different institutions, which work either individually or in parallel depending on the tier and the population density of the local government entity and the nature of the auditing or the appropriations in question. Auditors of all types – from supreme audit institutions (Courts of Audit or Audit Offices) to regional audit institutions (Regional Courts or Chambers of Audit), governmental bodies (ministerial offices, public institutions, local government offices), and private‐sector auditors (statutory auditors, auditing firms) – have a status that is meant to guarantee their independence and their institutional or individual autonomy in the exercise of their auditing functions. With their structures rooted in international standards, these institutions function in largely similar ways, with the exception of certain national particularities found in countries such as in Poland, Portugal, and Greece. One such area in which this similarity can be seen, for instance, is in the independence they are granted in organising their audits – though some parliamentary or governmental bodies may have authority to make additions to their auditing programmes – or in their prerogative to access data, with obstruction often punishable by law. The production of audit reports is also subject to largely convergent preparation and publication procedures (right of defence for those audited, public dissemination, etc.) and oversight rules (which may or may not be formal or binding)
Chene, Nathalie. "La place du comité des ministres dans le mécanisme de contrôle de la convention européenne des droits de l'Homme". Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE0032.
The committee of ministers, executive organ of the council of Europe, has been assigned particular functions by the European convention on human rights. Under article 32, it is called upon to settle cases when the European court is not or can not be seised. Under article 54, it supervises the execution of the court's judgements. The historical circumstances determine the place of the committee in the control machinery. On the one hand, its intervention is necessary, as a counterbalancing organ. Indeed, its principal aim is to defend states interests facing the two-independent organs of the convention, as demonstrated by its procedure and behavior. On the other hand, the committee's intervention remains of minor importance because of the subsidiarity of its functions. The procedural or juridical subsidiarity of the committee's decision adds to the political subsidiarity. This last tendency becomes nowadays predominant on account of the reforms adopted by this organ and the control of its contentious activity. Onwards, the numerous lacks concerning the incompatibility of its political nature with judicial functions raise the question of upholding the committee of ministers in the control machinery of the European convention on human rights
Therrat, Sylvain. "Les institutions villageoises du Forez (XVIe- XVIIIe siècles) : d’une grande autonomie à l’insertion dans les nécessités et le contrôle de l’État moderne". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30059.
Tax district almost overlapping the parish in a land of personal taxes, the rural community is, with the lordship, the main pole framing the rural life.Enjoying considerable independence in the early days of the sixteenth century, the villages of Forez are very weakly institutionalized and the life of their institutions is based on a confusion of all bonds in one common place of deliberation. However they will be faced with the centralization effort undertaken by the monarchy. Their institutional functioning, rudimentary, based on a single meeting, and consuls elected to fulfill the collective obligations of the village, will yield to the constraints imposed on them by the modern state and its ever-increasing weight of taxation. The autonomy of villages will therefore decline as an absolute monarchy was strengthened.Thus, until the 1670s, the institutional life of the villages of Forez is essentially internal. The increasing encroachment of outside authorities, however, leads to greater control over the effectiveness of the obligations imposed on the village. This double bind, more onerous obligations and increased control, brings transformation of village institutions. Their organization will be more identifiable but operating in a radically different way : compactness that characterized the village was then lost in an institutionalized participation
Cahen, Fabrice. "Lutter contre l'avortement illégal : les politiques de la vie au défi du contrôle des moeurs (France, 1890-1950)". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0001.
This doctoral research deals about the struggle against illegal abortion in France, between the late XIXth Century and the early 1950's. Its main purpose is to show - on the basis of empirical findings - how such "biopolitical" undertaking to manage and govern life and bodies confronted the impossibility to control human behaviours in the field of reproduction practices. After examining the genesis of a collective project to fight abortion, this research tries to enlight its various institutional expressions. The carrying out of a global survey of the political strategies and means of governement wich were elaborated and/or implemented enables to show how cœrcion was associated to more subtile techniques (tending to reframe moral landmarks, to create self-care and even to produce emotions). Through a historical presentation showing the dynamic balance between these different instruments, we connect three historical elements : the evolution of the anti-abortion networks, the successive forms of the Franch State and the professional norms wich could facilitate or prevent the control and the overviewing of intimacy. Then we observe the concrete interactions between civil servants, private actors like the physicians, and the population itself. Faced to the traditional skepticism as the "effectiveness" of such an "utopian" project, we prefer to assume that the anti-abortion policies during the XXth Century did produce many effects, at different levels, even though these policies did not reach the goals wich were ascribed to them explicitly
Bayram, Issa. "La fonction juridictionnelle du Conseil d'État libanais". Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10005.
The jurisdictional function of the lebanese "conseil d'etat" is not a simple question of judicial technique, but on the contrary, it presents a system which reveal the essential characteristics of the state. In other words it determines a choice in the law concerning the politics and the philosophy of the regime. The success of such a function is measured by its exercice, i. E, according to its ability to represent in our administrative justice. Although this function is important from the judicial point of view, it is not sufficient in practice. That is why a sociological approch is necessary to appreciate the manifestations of this function "in acts", and consequently to situate the person of the citizen, for whom the jurisdictional function exists and which is in itsemf the justification and the aim. Our aim has been to establich the link between the mecanist or static function and the dynamic one of the libanese "conseil d'etat", to show the reality of our administrative jurisdiction as well as to find a solution for it
Fröhlich, Pierre. "Le contrôle des magistrats dans les cités grecques (IVe-Ier s. Av. J. -C. )". Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040270.
As far back as the classical period, the Greek cities had already established a control over their magistrates. It consisted in a permanent surveying of their activities while in office and then in an audit of their accounts to which they were submitted when leaving. At the classical period, this control was known but only in Athens. From the fourth to the first century B. C. , the epigraphical documentation enables to prove the existence of this control in most of the Greek cities. The more often it was under the responsibility of a commission of magistrate surveyors. Furthermore, any citizen could pursue a magistrate thus taking part in this control. At the late Hellenistic period, the situation is more contrasted: the control remains yet in some of the cities its impact either decreases or evolves due to changes in the procedures, the more often to the expense of the ordinary citizen. However, we do not have enough documentation to be perfectly sure of it
Tir, Nesym. "Evolution de la réglementation des institutions financières : de la lutte anti-blanchiment à la conformité". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR0007.
Globalization of trade and financial transactions have been followed by globalization of financial crime.Money laundering techniques have converged in light of this economic reality. Anti-Money laundering is considered like a complex topic wich includes interaction between regulator bodies and financial institutions. It aims to counter international criminal transactions taking advantage of financial innovation and digital evolution. The anti-money laundering regulation of recents years highlights soft law wich results new normative paradigm producing regulatory overlay.Inserted in anti-money laundering worldwide program, financial institutions have to deal with regulatory inflation that has lasted for several years. This normative mutation is defined by different laws combination whose movement continues to grow with banking and financial regulatory. This banking and financial regulatory requires financial institutions to put in place a flexibility compliance program with systemic tools to cope with white-collar complexity environment. Financial crime globalization needs globalization law and regulation wich uses financial institutions monitoring system. In this context, the compliance lawyer must adapt his perception and mission with respect to tectonic plate regulation movement
Ondo, Nguema Nicaise. "Les Institutions supérieures de contrôle des finances publiques au Gabon en référence à la Cour des comptes française au XXème siècle : approche historique et analyse du droit positif". Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2009_out_ondo_nguema_n.pdf.
French and Gabonese revenue courts are external institutions of control for public finances respectively created in 1807 and 1962. Their specific mission concerns the checking of public funds. What kind of "control" does it mean? Is this control the same in France and in Gabon? These issues constitute the very basis of our analysis and illustrate the comparative logic of our argument. Our study is all the more relevant that we are dealing with two institutions characterized by different historical social, political and administrative patterns. For instance the French Constitution of the fifth Republic acknowledges the principle of separation of powers whereas the latter was inserted into the Gabonese Constitution only in 1991 thanks to the multiparty system. We begin by situating the sphere of activity of the French and Gabonese revenue courts regarding their executive and legislative institutions. We then identify the features that make their originality. Our thesis has a clearly defined purpose: to determine the criteria and mechanisms that can or should be used by the revenue court of Gabon to improve its performance
Amédro, Jean-François. "Le juge administratif et la séparation des Eglises et de l'Etat sous la IIIe République : un exemple des interactions entre les institutions républicaines et le contrôle juridictionnel de l'administration". Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020010/document.
Law scolars are traditionnally interested in the implementation of the separation of church and state by the administrative courts during the Third Republic. However, a renewal of the classic understanding was possible. While classic studies focus on the contribution of the Conseil d’Etat to the success of the Séparation and the protection of freedom of thought and religion, it is conceivable to study administrative case law from the angle of interactions between republican institutions and judicial review of administration. This methodological framework allows to underline mutual influences between the judiciary and republican institutions in the history of the administrative jurisdiction. Thus, as the Séparation is concerned, case law has played a strategic part in the implementation and enrichment of the principles established by the 9 december 1905 Act, therefore contributing to provide substance to the legal concept of laïcité de l’Etat. In the same time, and especially concerning the case law relating to the administrative regulation of expressions of religious beliefs in the public space, the political and legal context of the Séparation has had a decisive influence on the construction of the republican recours pour excès de pouvoir. This contribution consisted in a modernization of the judicial review techniques and a more accurate control of discretionary powers of the administrative authority. Through the study of the two main aspects of administrative case law relating to the Séparation, this research would like to enlighten the transformation of the traditional imperial-type administrative jurisdiction into a democratic and republican one
Portal, Marine. "La politique qualité de la certification des comptes publics. Le cas de la Cour des comptes". Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00468063.
Guenot, Marion. "« Le crime ne paie pas » : les Groupes d’Intervention Régionaux de la police judiciaire : sociologie politique de la construction d’une institution au succès improbable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080135.
This thesis focuses on the GIR, which bring together policemen, customs officers, customs inspectors, tax inspectors, labor inspectors, agents of the recovery of the social security contributions, and their work: the fight against the “underground economy” or “criminal property”. This work is based on observation, interviews, work on police archives in three GIR between 2014 and 2017 and their jurisdictions; and by questionnaire survey on the 2016 promotion of the “GIR investigator” training. Created in 2002, the GIR have been controversial, being exploited politically against the French suburbs. The professionals recruited in the GIR have built their autonomy by developing a new field of activity: seizure of criminal gains. Agents, who learn this atypical work “on the job”, define and implement categories of judgment on the wealth, poverty and immorality of profit seeking based on their own values and economic practices. The thesis shows how these very heterogeneous teams manage to create and defend a common goal responding to the principles of a redistributive justice. In order to attain their aim, GIR agents develop the skills of “diplomats” and “salespersons” of the “criminal property”. These groups constitute an interesting case of "project management" in the sovereign institutions
Soalla, Wendkouni Lydie Sophie. "L'action des institutions financières internationales et leur impact sur les systèmes nationaux : aspects budgétaires et fiscaux. Le cas du Burkina Faso". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30083.
Since its independence, Burkina Faso is seeking public policy development that allows him to leave his state of "underdevelopment". Fiscal policy has, therefore, been established as a catalyst for sustainable economic and social development. But mistakes budget successive Governments have instead led to a triple crisis: a debt crisis, a crisis of deficits and an economic crisis. Beginning in the 1990s, the IMF and the World Bank intervened alongside Burkinabe authorities, within a double technical and financial assistance to reform structurally fiscal policy. This intervention will settle permanently in the internal politics of Burkina Faso. In two decades, finance policy will be geared to suit the budget doctrine and priorities defined by the IMF and the World Bank: the structural adjustment programs and the political fight against poverty will try to achieve the objectives of economic growth, and economic growth and social reform through policy and budgetary spending policy of budgetary resources. But whatever the goal under consideration, the results achieved are far removed from the expected results in terms of debt restructuring, expenditure and budgetary resources. This dynamic reforms can nevertheless wonder, in view of past experience, the appropriate role for the state in Burkina Faso, fiscal policy, the IMF and the World Bank, the Community institutions in West Africa the development process as Burkina Faso must necessarily raise, so that decades of reforms are not considered necessary
Meunier, Bogdan. "Complexity, diplomatic relationships and business creation : a cross-regional analysis of the development of productive knowledge, trade facilitation and firm entry in regional markets". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01E001/document.
This thesis takes a cross-regional analytical approach of three distinct economic areas to evaluate productive knowledge and diplomacy in the context of regional integration alongside determinants of business creation. From the angle of European integration, we introduce a new synthetic control methodology to evaluate the impact of EU accession on the economic complexity index of new CEE member states its results indicating that accession to the EU acted as a catalyst for the productive knowledge of countries with low levels of complexity before accession, allowing a higher rate of development in the sophistication of their product export space. Expanding our analysis to include all European countries and North African states, we proceed in a second stage to analyse institutional and logistical infrastructure determinants of trade by extending the traditional Gravity model to incorporate elements of diplomacy (including the presence of embassies and ambassadors). Our results demonstrate the benefits of soft and hard infrastructure as well as diplomatic activity on the bilateral trade fixed effect CEE and North African countries, validating their importance of these variables as powerful drivers of regional integration. In a final part, we turn our analysis to the Russian Federation as a regional geography with a panel regression analysis of the determinants of firm entry and exit. The empirical evaluation concludes that institutional failures and the politico-economic environment exhibit statistically significant and economically meaningful effects both on the creation and destruction of Russian firms, with a robust estimate of the world oil price (irrespective of the difference in target regions) suggesting a possible high exposure of each Russian region to a global crisis
Monahov, Alexandru. "Trois essais sur la supervision prudentielle du système bancaire". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0025/document.
This thesis aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the effects of prudential supervision (a component of banking system regulation) on the stability of the banking sector, the soundness of financial institutions and, at a macro-economic level, its impact on domestic credit. The adopted research methods facilitate the integration of heterogeneity at the systemic and individual-agent levels into the analysis. Bayesian estimation techniques are used in the empirical part, whereas the theoretical sections utilize agent-based modeling. The first chapter studies the effects of prudential supervision on domestic credit in 27 EU countries. The results show an increase in supervisory stringency to produce a positive effect on credit in countries with unified supervisory frameworks. The second chapter investigates the effects of prudential supervision coupled with “traditional” regulatory tools on bank resiliency and profits under long-lasting crisis conditions. Taxes are found to be the most efficient tool as they potentiate long-term profitable bank operations and adaptation to the crisis. The third chapter provides a case-study of a complex financial fraud that took place in Moldova in 2011-2015. An agent-based model that replicates the schemes is constructed to study the optimality of the Central Bank’s decision to not intervene. The results show that early intervention wouldn’t necessarily have minimized the financial losses of the banking sector, but that the Central Bank could have improved the outcome of the crisis by intervening when the exposure of the banking sector to the fraudsters was minimal
Ollier, Sylvain. "L'observation internationale des élections dans la région de l'OSCE : Contribution à l’étude de l'effectivité du contrôle électoral international". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10014.
Since the end of the Cold War, international election observation has grown exponentially worldwide and especially within the region formed by the 56 participating States of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. Due to the concomitant action of multiple and heterogeneous actors, this activity is characterized by the development of various procedures for inter-institutional cooperation but efforts are still needed in order to always ensure the consistency of the message delivered. The control operated is based on a wealth of international legal and political commitments which constitute a genuine international electoral law, constantly enriched by the dynamic jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. The methodology underlying the assessments made by the observers has acquired a high reliability and these succeed in most cases to avoid the trap of politicized findings. However, the impact of electoral observation missions remains unequal, undermining the effectiveness of the whole control mechanism. Many devices, whether technical, political or judicial, exist for the follow-up of recommendations, but their implementation often reveals a lack of rigor. In addition, if the mechanism of democratic conditionality established by the European Union can effectively relay the findings of election observers in the context of the accession procedure, it suffers from an inconsistent application in the field of European Neighbourhood Policy. It follows a marginal influence of international election observation on authoritarian states of the OSCE area
Bouveresse, Aude. "Le pouvoir discrétionnaire dans l'ordre juridique communautaire". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR30015.
A lot of studies have been dedicated to discretionary power in national’s legal systems. Key point of the dialectic between power and law, it is not surprising that this topic has been impassioned the doctrine. Even so, no significant analysis dealt, in European law, with this concept yet. However identification of its foundations, its modes of enforcement and its limits can not he found by a simple commutation of national results. The specificity of the European institutional structure and processes distinguish the exercise of power in this particular context. Moreover, the aims of the treaty, still mainly economic, and the European rules of law occasionally fragmentary and often ambiguous promote the acknowledgement of a large power of discretion of European institutions. Theses circumstances explain that the European Court of Justice fulfils a task which can not be compared with the one assumed by national Court in the review of legality. But, the discretionary power, defined in the legality and by the jurisdictional review, can not he understood in its entirety through these scopes of definition. Indeed the definition of discretionary power should also be considered in a wider time-frame work and placed in the context of the transformations of the law. The development of new policy instruments in the European context as the soft law has subsequently modify the concept of legality which is not able anymore to guarantee the legitimacy of the power of discretion. Henceforth it seems that this power of choice should be legitimized by the concrete demonstration of its rightfulness, the concept of legitimacy “over-defining” its definition
Beauvironnet, Eloïse. "L'encadrement des finances publiques des États membres par le droit européen : analyse comparée du cas français à d’autres modèles budgétaires européens (Allemagne, Belgique, Italie, Roumanie et Royaume Uni)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB021.
Since 2011, European integration bears testimony to a change which has led various commentators to evoke the beginnings of a new budgetary law. Shaped by the reform of the Stability Pact and the growth, initially in favour of the six pack, followed by the Stability Treaty on coordination and Governance, and finally the two pack, the novelty of this law derived from its principal characteristics, to erect a budgetary discipline at the centre of its interests and framed by the European authorities, invested with a reinforced sanctioning power with regard to Member States. Firstly, economic, then monetary, European integration will be in addition, budgetary, dynamic; breaking with the concept of public finances which prevailed until now, that of a bastion of state sovereignty, no longer forming part of European law. The object of this research is also to analyse the manifestation of the consequences of this budgetary integration, by means of a comparable study of the French case, and the budgetary models of Germany, Belgium, Italy, Rumania and the United Kingdom. How was the supervision of the European Union on the public finances of Member States exerted? If this question is posed with acuity in the present context, the fact is that if a novel setting is offered to budgetary policy in future years it will be characterised by an intervention of new actors, new procedures and new principles. From profound changes there must be expected, both in the relations that exist in the European Union and its Member States, and within the national legal orders, which is what her research proposes to analyse
Daoud-Rumeau, Maillot Hala. "Les autorités de régulation dans le domaine bancaire et financier : vers la mise en œuvre d'un cadre institutionnel européen ?" Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_daoud_rumeau-maillot_h.pdf.
The increasing importance taken by the financial services in the economic sector - banks, insurance and financial markets - requires their framing and their monitoring by the authorities of regulation. The regulation indicates the new methods of intervention of the State in an unstable and complex environment, via administrative authorities granted with some autonomy. The resort to regulation activities became a tool of exercise of the public power, commonly used as well on the French national level as on a community and international scale. Since then, at a time when many authors affirmed that “the concept of regulation was not legal”, the financial crisis which has grown since summer 2007 in the United States marked a return of the beam with an increased importance regarding the questions of regulation. If the European and international dimension of the businesses were accompanied by a change of the economic situation, the cataclysmic financial jolts occurred across the Atlantic involved a deceleration of the world economy, highlighting the insufficiency of the regulation in a banking and financial globalized system. From now onwards, facing new actors such as China, it rests on to the European Union to have a clear and precise position of the level of the regulation to correct and warn the market. In this market which knows a fusion between the financial activities - banks proposing insurance products and insurance companies proposing banking services and complete financial products - the organization of the institutional framework of the authorities of European financial regulation is at the center of our debate: Which authority of regulation is qualified to control these activities and reorganize the mechanism of the regulation in the banking and financial field? Is it necessary to entrust only one institution with the prudential regulation of the intermediaries and that of the market? Or is it necessary to organize it by trade? Does an institutional architecture possible to conceive an optimal structure of the financial regulation exist?
Ryan, Joe. "Art, institutions and social control". Thesis, University of East London, 2016. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/5303/.
FERREIRA, Thiago Augusto de Oliveira Marinho. "Arranjos Institucionais dos Tribunais de Contas da União e de Portugal". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17188.
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CAPEs
O presente trabalho proporcionará duas contribuições fundamentais: conhecimento empírico sobre os arranjos institucionais dos Tribunais de Contas da União e de Portugal; e o fato de se constituir em estudo comparativo, área pouco explorada academicamente. Em outras palavras, propõe-se efetuar uma pesquisa descritivo-comparativa entre os arranjos institucionais destes órgãos de controle externo. Para tanto, a partir da literatura sobre neo-institucionalismo – adotando-se a visão do institucionalismo histórico, accountability horizontal, estudos comparados e dos próprios tribunais de contas, derivaram-se sete objetivos de pesquisa referentes ao controle horizontal exercido pelo Tribunal de Contas da União, pós Constituição de 1988, e pelo Tribunal de Contas de Portugal, pós Revolução de 1974, quais sejam: a) identificar quais são os arranjos institucionais dos Tribunais de Contas da União e de Portugal; b) avaliar quais as semelhanças e diferenças presentes em cada instituição analisada; c) avaliar se o arranjo institucional – regras, procedimentos, atores decisórios – de cada instituição pesquisada lhes permite exercer de maneira independente suas funções constitucionais; d) averiguar se estas instituições possuem mecanismos coercitivos capazes de fazer valer suas decisões; e) verificar se seus membros são revestidos das garantias necessárias à atuação também independente; f) analisar se sua estrutura burocrática é aparelhada com quadros técnicos adequados a exercerem as complexas tarefas relacionadas ao controle administrativo-financeiro; g) comparar os dados obtidos a fim de compreender como estas instituições em interação com o contexto político criam condições favoráveis (ou desfavoráveis) à accountability, afetando a capacidade dos representados de controlarem seus representantes. Num primeiro momento, a pesquisa se destina a conhecer e descrever os arranjos institucionais das instituições de controle a partir de questões básicas relativas à estruturação e ao funcionamento de cada um dos países estudados. A par destas informações, adentra-se, na sequencia, à fase analítica do trabalho, em que os dados obtidos são comparados. Por fim, as conclusões apontam as condições favoráveis para o exercício da accountability, bem como reforçam a necessidade de novos estudos para aprofundamento das discussões sobre o tema proposto.
This work will provide two fundamental contributions: empirical knowledge about the institutional arrangements of the Courts of Audit and Portugal, and the fact constitute comparative study, little explored area academically. In other words, it is proposed to make a descriptive-comparative institutional arrangements of these external control bodies. Therefore, from the literature on neo-institutionalism - adopting the vision of historical institutionalism, horizontal accountability, and comparative studies of their own courts of accounts, were derived seven research objectives for the horizontal control exercised by the Court of Union, after the 1988 Constitution, and the Court of Portugal, after the 1974 Revolution, which are: a) to identify what are the institutional arrangements of the Courts of Audit and Portugal b) assess what the similarities and differences present in each institution analyzed c) assess whether the institutional arrangement - rules, procedures, decision-making actors - each research institution allows them to exercise their functions independently constitutional d) determine whether these institutions have coercive mechanisms able to enforce its decisions; e) verify that its members are coated with the guarantees necessary for the independent performance also f) whether its bureaucratic structure is rigged with adequate technical staff to carry out the complex tasks related to the administrative and financial control; g) compare the data obtained in order to understand how these institutions interact with the political context are favorable (or unfavorable) to accountability, affecting the ability of the represented control their representatives. Initially, the research is designed to discover and describe the institutional arrangements of the institutions of control from the basic issues relating to the structuring and operation of each of the countries studied. Alongside this information, enters up, in sequence, the analytical phase of the work, in which the data obtained are compared. Finally, the findings indicate favorable conditions for the exercise of accountability, and reinforce the need for further studies to further the discussion on the proposed topic.
Ouedraogo, Séni Mahamadou. "La lutte contre la fraude à la constitution en Afrique Noire francophone". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40008/document.
The objective of this study is to review the state of the fight against fraud in the constitution that hinders the process of democratization in francophone Africa. These show that the strengthening of democracy and the rule of law has encouraged the emergence of new uses of the constitution in most African states. The leaders who have internalized the constraints of constitutionalism reject more and more by the use of legal devices that are very difficult to fight on the field of law. This is so because the fraudster to the formation always takes care to comply with the letter of the constitution to fight his background.However, are emerging at national, regional and international synergy of actions of some judicial institutions, and social policies aimed at combating acts of public authorities, taking on the appearance of constitutional legality, the upsets. To do this, those involved in the fight against fraud do not hesitate to draw the normative system which is revealed in its inadequate implementation, the means to identify and punish. Review the actions conducted against fraud reveals rare success. The failures that lead to the consolidation of democracy in Africa, the fight against fraud in the constitution must be central control of the constitutional court
Benelli, Fernando Covelli. "Instituições fiscais independentes: avaliação, novas tendências e considerações sobre o caso brasileiro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12140/tde-04022019-145343/.
The Independent Fiscal Institutions (or Fiscal Councils - FCs) and Fiscal Rules (FRs) have gained theoretical and political relevance after realizing that governments rarely manage to behave as central planners. That is, they are unable to conduct fiscal policy in order to meet the socially optimal in the long run. In general, the existence of distorted political incentives coupled with the limited rationality of voters and rulers generates excessive deficits - the so-called deficit bias of fiscal policy - which gradually reduce social welfare. The European fiscal crisis of 2008-2009, in particular, dramatically exposed the depth of this deficit bias in the region. Given the inadequacy of the usual market mechanisms to correct the problem, international organizations and policy makers began to strongly recommend the adoption of FCs in order to strengthen the applicability of FRs and realign incentives in the direction of fiscal discipline. Some years after the implementation of these institutions, quantitative studies sought to evaluate the impact of their performance on the trajectory of the primary structural result, the main measure of government fiscal activism. The results were ambiguous and subject to important criticisms regarding the control of endogeneity. The present thesis seeks to collaborate with the literature on institutional reforms by comprehensively covering the problem of endogeneity in this question, both in the investigation of its origins and in the use of recent developments in econometric theory to attenuate its distortions in the estimates. In the first chapter, we define the concept of CF and present an overview of these institutions in the world. In addition, we also present the various theories, especially in the field of political economy, which seek to justify the presence of the deficit bias of fiscal policy, as well as some proposals for improvements in the incentives framework through institutional reforms, in order to minimize this bias. The second chapter seeks to investigate the fiscal conditions that preceded the great series of reforms that in the last decade gave rise to the FCs. We found evidence that the implementation of FCs is preceded by a decrease of approximately 2.59 p.p. in the primary balance in the second year prior to treatment, in relation to non adoption or non-adopters in the period. In the year of adoption and in the previous year, this difference is no longer significant. These findings point to a second source of endogeneity in the measurement of CF effectiveness, in which fiscally unstable countries would react more vigorously to the advent of public account crises, including the promotion of institutional reforms. In the institutional literature, the type of endogeneity most commonly reported is that of reverse causality, in which, contrary to the previous type, the more austere countries tend to be more likely to carry out reforms. In the third chapter, the effectiveness of CFs in altering the trajectory of the structural balance is evaluated through the methodology of the synthetic control, in an attempt to control more strictly the endogeneity problem, of our knowledge a novelty in the literature. The results indicate that there is no significant effect of FCs on that variable, in contrast to those obtained in previous evaluations. The last chapter of the thesis outlines considerations regarding the Brazilian Independent Fiscal Institution (IFI), created in 2016, in the light of recent empirical assessments of the new role of these institutions in the international context.
Mandy, Caroline. "La prison et l'hôpital psychiatrique du XVIIIe au XXIe siècle : institutions totalitaires ou services publics ? Contribution à l'étude de la privation de liberté et du paradigme de l'institution totale". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834906.
Leung, Yue-yan June y 梁語殷. "The control of influenza outbreaks at correctional institutions". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48424146.
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Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
BIZIKY, MAYANGA JEAN NOEL. "Les institutions politiques congolaises et controle de constitutionnalite des lois". Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA122008.
Haddock, Billy Dean. "Institutions and Drug Markets". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4777/.
Biziky-Mayanga, Jean-Noël. "Institutions politiques congolaises et contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607871s.
Mandy, Caroline. "La prison et l'hôpital psychiatrique du XVIIIe au XXIe siècle : institutions totalitaires ou services publics ? : contribution à l'étude de la privation de liberté en France et du paradigme de l'institution totalitaire". Phd thesis, Nantes, 2011. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=b6ed5aa1-d508-489a-bb04-916d7b6b8748.
Since the French Revolution in 1789, depriving persons of their freedom by locking them up has become the automatic answer of public authorities to penal and psychiatric matters. This institutional solution to the social problems of delinquency and insanity is organised around a new paradigm : the "total institution". This standardising model tramples on persons, their dignity and their rights ; nevertheless prison and psychiatric total institutions remain the tool society chooses most of the time to keep its "disturbing" persons apart. The shock of the Nazi abuses added to this dehumanising instrumentalisation of inmates triggers a new fervour for the human rights and brings to light, with the destruction of the totalitarian model, the more flexible paradigm of public service and its "rules", a priori conductor of a protecting framework for individuals ; it does not mean to renounce to deprivation of freedom but to give a humanist framework of action to manage these cases. Thus, the inmate holds rights specific to successive citizenship recognised to persons in time. But, the evolution is neither linear nor finished. Deprivation of freedom, in its triangular relations between person, society and institution, remains the latent prey of all securitarian tendencies, to the detriment of the rights of the concerned persons. Behind the theory, the democratic challenge is, for society, to accept the levelling up of these rights ; their adaptation must no longer be used as a disguise to take their fundamental rights away from inmates
Kwok, Ying-kit Tony. "A study on treasury risk control in financial institutions in Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14038912.
Jonelis, Andrew. "Essays on Institutions and Development". UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/economics_etds/44.
Schubeis, Jonatan. "Can Good Institutions Avert the Resource Curse?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415515.
Lépinay, Thomas. "Le pouvoir des rapports : la Cour des comptes, du jugement des comptes à l’évaluation des politiques publiques (années 1950 – années 2010) : contribution à une histoire des grands corps de l’État". Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01D022.
Between the 1950s and the beginning of the 21st Century, the Cour des comptes (the French Audit Office), an administrative and financial court and grand corps de l’État whose members are primarily recruited among the top-students of the École nationale d’administration (ENA), has had a peculiar trajectory. While its mandate previously entailed verifying the proper handling of public money, it gradually expanded to include duties deemed more political, such as evaluating public policies. Furthermore, the Cour became a highly-publicized institution. In other words, the magistrates modernized their role, gained new audiences (Parliament, media) and blurred the line between bureaucracy and politics. Eschewing traditional approaches of the grands corps de l’État that focus on how agents circulate within and outside the French State, this dissertation argues that Cour members have institutionalized their auditing and report writing duties in order to strengthen their position at the highest levels of the State. It draws on interviews, oral histories, written archives, ethnography and the analysis of press and official reports, and combines sociological approaches of organizational reputation and institutions. This work first shows how, within a broader context where the State itself was transforming, the role of the magistrates changed as the Cour’s power evolved. It then explains how new and more diverse audiences legitimated and used the expertise of the Cour. Finally, it examines how official reports are produced and received, and in such analyzes how a public institution can lastingly be recognised as “neutral”
Lundgren, Frans. "Den isolerade medborgaren : liberalt styre og uppkomsten av det sociala vid 1800-talets mitt /". Hedemora : Gidlund, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391432973.
Wolff, Johannes. "Enhanced rationalisation, control or coordination? : impact assessments in the European Union". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/522/.
Jaeger, Regina Longaray. "Visagens e paisagens dos aprisionamentos no contemporâneo". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/141554.
In our life, certain gestures and words become awkward and likely to be distinguished, judged, diagnosed. We examine the expansionary path of life imprisonment, its constituent elements in the social body. We remove from daily and professional experience in two institutions of state contention, recurring practices that form grimaces of digression of those considered insane and offenders. We understand that institutions tend to fulfill their duties attached to certain stereotypes, patterns and reaffirm and support significance and subjectivities restrained to grimaces that exacerbate evidence, punishment, revenge and controls. We live in a society of control, whose interstices are operated by disciplinary institutions set to normalize life through measures focused on acquisition of disciplines to concentrate on production apparatus through punishments and rewards. It constitutes a thought plan defined by rules that interconnects the individuals belonging to the production apparatus. Those who fail to fit these apparatus, are left with prison, hospital or loneliness.
Barroso, Luis. "The problems and the controls of the new administrative state of the EU". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/279/.
Delorme, Marie-Josée. "Le financement du pensionnat Sainte-Marie : une institution indépendante et sous-contrôle, 1930-1960". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9376.
Payton, Autumn Lockwood. "Tying Down Gulliver: How Weak States Control the Design of International Institutions". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1250222881.
Kwok, Ying-kit Tony y 郭英傑. "A study on treasury risk control in financial institutions in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31266551.
ABEI, YOLANDA AJI. "Impact of Internal Control on Fraud Detection and Prevention in Microfinance Institutions". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85431.
Marcantonio, Jonathan Hernandes. "A construção da realidade moderna: por uma heurística do controle na modernidade". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5507.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The present work aims showing the Modernity as na available control structure presented during a whole historical and social process fulfilled of peculiar social and historical movements.Such study starts from three diferent, bu mainly frameworks, whose are: The theoretical appeal, the social/economical appeal and the institutional apeal. The reason of the present study is precisely de intent to show the control as na element which is present during the hole modernity period, til now a days. And, as long as these elements of control, anyone of them, exists, also will exist the Modernity itself, which throws off the possibility of the possibility of a new historical and/or social period discourse
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a modernidade como uma estrutura propiciadora de um controle apresentado sob diversas formas de controles que se apresentaram, como dita, ao longo de todo um período histórico e social, repleto de acontecimentos, ações, estruturas e funções, todas peculiares e de características ímpares que harmonizam a compreensão daquilo que chamamos de modernidade. Tal estudo parte do percurso de três pilares teóricos distintos: O apelo teórico, o apelo econômico/social e o apelo institucional. A razão que se vislumbra é precisamente a intenção de se demonstrar um elemento que perdura ao longo de toda a modernidade e que, enquanto tais elementos perdurarem, perdurará também aquilo que se denomina por Modernidade, descartando qualquer hipótese de se aventar a existência de uma superação de era, período, fundamentação ou qualquer outra justificação ou legitimação para o mundo atual, que não seja moderna