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McQuillan, Deirdre, Pamela Sharkey Scott, and Vincent Mangematin. "From outsider to insider: how creative professional service firms internationalise." International Marketing Review 35, no. 5 (2018): 869–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-09-2013-0207.
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Purpose The management of reputation and status is central to creative professional service firms (CPSFs) rendering the internationalisation process a particular challenge. The authors build on arguments that internationalisation requires moving from outsidership to insidership within client networks and focus on how CPSFs build signals about quality to start this process. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The exploration draws from the international business, professional services and organisational status bodies of literature. A multiple case study design was developed comprising ten Irish architecture firms. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. Findings The findings clarify how relationships start in the internationalisation process through signal building about quality. This allows CPSFs to join client networks moving from outsidership to insidership. The findings systemise three different approaches for CPSFs: from outsidership to insidership within a local market network, within a global industry network and within a global project network. Research limitations/implications Research within other sectoral and geographical contexts could support transferability of the findings. Practical implications The study has implications for international business strategies as it identifies multiple paths to relevant network insidership and the tactical responses managers can use to achieve this. Originality/value The authors believe that incorporating signal-building mechanisms into the internationalisation process is a novel approach to theorizing about how CPSFs move from outsidership to insidership. The authors offer important theoretical insights into the international business, professional service firm and organisational status literatures. CPSF business leaders should benefit as it helps them to focus on a portfolio of signal-building approaches that can start the internationalisation process.
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Ryba, Thomas. "Phenomenology as Insider Trading: Some Stipulations for the Religious "Skin Trade"." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 19, no. 3-4 (2007): 255–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006807x245221.
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AbstractThis paper examines some of the interpretations of the insider/outsider distinction as it is understood in the study of religion but in light of Jerry Fodor and Ernest Lepore's arguments about semantic holism and atomism. It argues that this application shows that if the outsider/insider distinction is approached as a form of global holism coupled with linguistic determinism, then it is a pseudo-problem and no further energy ought to be wasted on it. Also argued is that radically exclusive insidership or radically inclusive insidership are indefensible positions. Instead, this paper proposes that access to the inside of a worldview is, in principle, no different for a insider than for an outsider; it is a matter of degree and not kind. No variety of religious information is, per se, incommunicable, except that of the individual subject's existential subjecthood. Insidership and outsidership in the academic study of religion indicate positions with respect to agency, thematization, and explanation and should not be defined, primarily, by occupation, material, or methods.
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Monaghan, Sinéad, Patrick Gunnigle, and Jonathan Lavelle. "“Courting the multinational”: Subnational institutional capacity and foreign market insidership." Journal of International Business Studies 45, no. 2 (2013): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2013.47.
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Almodóvar, Paloma, and Alan M. Rugman. "Testing the revisited Uppsala model: does insidership improve international performance?" International Marketing Review 32, no. 6 (2015): 686–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-04-2014-0142.
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Brileva, Diliara Saitgalievna. "The Anthropological Aspect of Insidership and Outsidership in Islamic Studies." Islamovedenie 7, no. 4 (2016): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21779/2077-8155-2016-7-4-46-57.
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Gao, Hongzhi, Monica Ren, Jing Zhang, and Ruoyi Sun. "Network gatekeeping in SME exporters’ market entry in China." International Marketing Review 33, no. 2 (2016): 276–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-06-2014-0191.
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Purpose – Small and medium-sized exporters (SMEs) are driven to develop a network entry strategy to tap into a new foreign market. The purpose of this paper is to draw on the network perspective to evaluate how a network gatekeeper facilitates a foreign SME exporter’s entry into local business networks in China. Design/methodology/approach – The single case study method was adopted. The Ule New Zealand Mall, an online shopping platform that sells New Zealand products in China, was selected in this case study. The authors applied the critical incident technique to evaluate the position of New Zealand Post (as a home country-based network gatekeeper), the roles within the position, and the key outcome of the network gatekeeping. Findings – The study discovers two key roles of network gatekeepers: bridging the gap in trust between outsider networks and insider networks; and reducing the costs of experiential learning for SME exporters. Finally, this study concludes that the “brokered insidership” position acquired by SME exporters is the key outcome of network gatekeeping in foreign market entry. Originality/value – This study advances the understanding of theories of structural holes, business network and gatekeeping. The authors articulate the critical position assumed by a network gatekeeper in bridging two otherwise disconnected business networks, and their key roles in networking. The study also proposes a new network concept – “brokered insidership”.
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Zhang, Min (Megan). ""Cross-national distance, insidership within networks, and interactions: MNEs' ownership strategy"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (2015): 16036. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.16036abstract.
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Lo Turco, Alessia, and Daniela Maggioni. "Local discoveries and technological relatedness: the role of MNEs, imports and domestic capabilities." Journal of Economic Geography 19, no. 5 (2018): 1077–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lby060.
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Abstract We explore the role of intra- and extra-regional product-specific capabilities in the introduction of local discoveries—products new to the firm and to its local market—by Turkish manufacturing firms. We find that product discoveries in a NUTS3 region are favoured by their technological proximity to the product mix of co-located foreign firms. Proximity to co-located domestic firms and local imports does not play any role. The high intensity of local discoveries in novel and exclusive capabilities which foreign affiliates bring into the local economy drives our findings. Finally, we show that the importance of knowledge spilling from foreign affiliates depends on their insidership in the local market, on their product-specific knowledge advantage and on local firms’ absorptive capacity.
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Gibadullina, Milyausha. "Experience in the Study of the Religious Field: Reflection on the Example of Republic of Tatarstan." Inter 14, no. 2 (2022): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/inter.2022.14.2.5.
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The article presents a research’s reflection on entrance and working in the religious field, description of physical context of the research and the researcher's frame in a particular case, through the main aspects: researcher's identity (gender, age, nationality), personal research position, determined through the correlation of insidership and outsidership. The author draws attention to the fact that the researcher's position cannot be clearly defined through the categories of insider and outsider, each participant of the study has a complex system of identities, cultural and social markers that will certainly have points of contact, intersections and divergences. The article reveals the features of the empirical part of the study devoted to the life strategies of young Muslims, in particular, the issues of research organization, establishing communication with the research field, and conducting interviews.
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Zhang, Megan Min. "Cross-national distance and insidership within networks: Japanese MNCs' ownership strategies in their overseas subsidiaries." Asia Pacific Business Review 21, no. 3 (2015): 403–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2015.1020649.
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Hilmersson, Mikael. "The effect of international experience on the degree of SME insidership in newly opened business networks." Baltic Journal of Management 8, no. 4 (2013): 397–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-08-2012-0077.
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Su, Fang, Zaheer Khan, Yong Kyu Lew, Byung Il Park, and Umair Shafi Choksy. "Internationalization of Chinese SMEs: The role of networks and global value chains." BRQ Business Research Quarterly 23, no. 2 (2020): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2340944420916339.
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This article examines the role of networks and global value chains (GVCs) and how they influence emerging economy small- and medium-sized enterprises’ (EE-SMEs) internationalization. Drawing on the insights, experiences, and perspectives of entrepreneurs and senior managers of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that have originated from China, the study adopts qualitative approach and examines nine firms’ internationalization. We find that Chinese born-global manufacturing SMEs benefit from networks with quick insidership position into GVCs, but suffer from various obstacles that hinder their further development. The findings further indicate that network ties substantially facilitate EE-SMEs’ internationalization, but also restrict their future global development, as their low position within the GVCs impedes further business development and capability building. The case firms’ lower position within the GVCs weakens the networks’ influence on their GVC upgrading. The research identifies key enablers of GVC engagement and obstacles of GVC upgrading of the case firms which play an important role in the EE-SMEs’ internationalization. JEL CLASSIFICATION: M10; M16
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Yamin, Mo, and Yusuf Kurt. "Revisiting the Uppsala internationalization model." International Marketing Review 35, no. 1 (2018): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-11-2014-0345.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to utilize key insights from social network theory (SNT) to enhance understanding of overcoming the liability of outsidership as a prerequisite for firm internationalization. Specifically, it examines the influence of structural attributes of networks on the motivational stance of both network insiders and outsiders in relation to overcoming the liability of outsidership. A related aim is to explore the role of network positions of insider actors in terms of its impact on the speed of market entry. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on the extant literatures on firm internationalization, particularly the liability of outsidership, and SNT to identify to what extent SNT can be utilized to deeply understand the process of overcoming the liability of outsidership. The authors put forward eight propositions linking structural and positioning attributes of networks with overcoming the liability of outsidership. Findings SNT provides strong potential for a more comprehensive understanding of the internationalization phenomena through shedding light on the relationship between the liability of foreignness and the liability of outsidership. The paper demonstrates that while the cost of overcoming the liability of outsidership is higher in closed target network as compared to open networks, the expected benefits of an insidership position in closed or open networks are affected by the outsider firm’s perception of the liability of foreignness in the market it wishes to enter. Considering the differential enabling characteristics of closed and open networks in terms of facilitating tacit knowledge sharing as opposed to explicit information flows, the authors reveal that liability of foreignness operates as a negative moderator for the relationship between network structure and the willingness of the outsider to invest in gaining insidership. The analysis of the paper also shows that the positional attributes of the network insider are relevant in outsiders’ motivation in terms of the speed of market entry that they seek to achieve. Originality/value This study theoretically contributes to the internationalization research through integrating SNT with the liability of outsidership understanding of firm internationalization. This is a timely attempt as no systematic application of the conceptual apparatus of SNT in the internationalization research context has been studied. It adds a more coherent inside-out perspective into the overcoming the liability of outsidership discussion which has been extensively dominated by an outside-in perspective.
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Valdemarin, Stefano. "The Successful Internationalization of Intesa Sanpaolo Bank in Central and Eastern Europe: Acquisitions, Insidership and the Uppsala Model." Central European Business Review 7, no. 1 (2018): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.cebr.195.
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Battisti, Martina, Joanna Scott-Kennel, and David Deakins. "A network perspective on foreign entry modes of small knowledge-intensive services firms." European Journal of Marketing 55, no. 7 (2021): 1979–2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-10-2018-0732.
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Purpose Integrating network attributes from studies of social networks, business relationships and small- to medium-sized enterprise (SME) internationalization, this study adopts a perceptual view of a firm’s focal “net” of relationships to examine foreign market entry mode choice. This study aims to examine how the interaction between knowledge-intensive service (KIS) firm’s network ties, embeddedness and position is related to choice of mode and subsequently the firm’s perceived insidership status within its focal net. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on qualitative interviews with 25 small- to medium-sized KIS firms engaged in direct exporting or foreign direct investment (FDI). This study derives an empirically grounded framework of four distinct network patterns of these KIS firms through an iterative process of triangulation between cases and theory. Findings The four network patterns illustrate the complex interaction between network attributes and entry mode choice by KIS firms. The findings suggest formal ties and centrality in closed network relationships provide the “central controller” firm discretion over their entry mode choice. Resource-intensive FDI by “opportunistic investors” proved essential to securing centrality through formal, institutional ties. Less optimal patterns lacking institutional ties and centrality, however, precluded choice of FDI by “specialized exporters” and “client followers.” The study finds that entry modes are less likely to be influenced by the firm’s embeddedness in open or closed network relationships, but rather by the desire to achieve a more central network position and legitimacy through more formal, less imitable ties. Research limitations/implications The findings demonstrate the importance of network structure, a position of centrality, and strength of professional and institutional ties to small KIS firm internationalization. By adopting a more finely grained examination of the interaction between key attributes of the firm’s focal net, this study provides a valuable first step in conceptualizing the complexities associated with networking and adoption of export/investment internationalization modes. Practical implications There are a number of implications for the strategic and operational facets of smaller KIS firm internationalization. To avoid excessive network liability for resource-deficient SMEs, practitioners should consider network positioning as a strategic activity, with the costs associated with building and maintaining networks offset against economic- and resource-related returns. Originality/value The authors contribute to a better understanding of entry mode choices of KIS by taking a network perspective that accounts for the combined effects of different network attributes. The four network patterns identified extend current theoretical knowledge on the role of networks for entry mode choices of small KIS by highlighting that entry mode choices reflect the particular firm’s focal net and its attempt to achieve insidership status through high centrality and formal ties.
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Małys, Łukasz, and Krzysztof Fonfara. "From intermediary relationship to multiple relationships – option of developing the network position in the internationalisation process. An exploratory study of a Polish food company." Olsztyn Economic Journal 14, no. 2 (2019): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3972.
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Traditionally, the internationalisation process of a company has been analysed from the perspective of entering foreign markets. Currently, it is often analysed within the so-called network models, which take into account the importance of business relationships. The process of entry is not understood as a process of entering a foreign market, but a process of entering a network of business relationships on a foreign market. Insidership in such networks is necessary for successful internationalisation. Being an insider in the network means having a certain network position.
 The aim of the paper is to identify based on a pilot study the possible way of building network position on foreign markets by Polish food companies. The paper will present a picture of one company, focusing on its operations on German market since the entry in 2006. The researched company started building network position on foreign markets by developing a strong relationship with one actor, who acted as key intermediary with the market. As a result of major change in the business environment, the company decided to revise the strategy and develop a number of weaker links with various actors. The paper presents a number of questions which raise from a pilot study and require further investigation.
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Dias, Eurico Brilhante, and Daniel Serra Lopes. "Co-operation between Large Enterprises (LE’s) and SME’s: an Approach to Overcome the Stage Internationalization Process." Business: Theory and Practice 15, no. 4 (2014): 316–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2014.448.
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Many companies are using their networks in order to overcome psychic distance – liability of foreignness – and liability of outsidership; and networks at domestic markets can be a base in which SMEs can find a lever to get a rapid internationalization process. Regarding this topic has been developed a case study in the Polish market, where a local retailer (“Biedronka”) owned by a Portuguese group (“Jerónimo Martins”) is offering Portuguese products. In order to apply a constructivist methodology, using the case study method, five SMEs where selected in order to understand if co-operation between these companies and a LE (Large Enterprise) would be a way in order to overcome the liability of foreignness and the liability of outsidership. It was also our purpose the understanding of which are the main issues that promote insidership and also the promotion of a rapid internationalization. Our conclusions have shown a LE as a source of institutional and market-specific knowledge, and regarding this last type of knowledge, as source of opportunities, and also how a SME with internationalization knowledge, an international focus and adaptation skills (in order to adapt products and prices) can introduce in a co-operative international venture, in far psychic markets, the ingredients needed to get a successful and rapid entry in a foreign market. Trust as a resource, accumulated during lasting relationships in the domestic market, has been shown as a basic requirement to develop these co-operative approaches in international markets.
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Поляков, В. В. "APPLICATION OF SOCIAL ENGIN EERING TECHNOLOGIES WHEN HIGH- TECH CRIMES ARE COMMITTED." Digest of research works "Criminalistics: yesterday, today, tomorrow", no. 3(27) (September 29, 2023): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.55001/2587-9820.2023.81.15.018.
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В статье сформулирован криминалистический подход к использованию социальной инженерии при совершении высокотехнологичных преступлений; приведены основные технологи и социальной инженерии, используемые при совершении высокотехнологичных преступлений, направленные как на физических, так и юридических лиц, и количественные оценки масштаба и динамики применения преступниками соответствующих технологий; установлены и расс мотрены основные причины и условия, способствующие расширяющемуся применению преступниками приемов социальной инженерии. Автор обращает внимание на особую опасность использования технологий социальной инженерии организованными преступными группами, исследу ет проблемы инсайдерства и «невольного соучастия» в преступлениях, совершаемых с помощью социальной инженерии, делая вывод о том, что особенности применения технологий социальной инженерии могут быть использованы при разработке и осуществлении криминалисти ческих мер противодействия высокотехнологичным преступлениям. A forensic approach to the use of social engineering in the commission of high - tech crimes i s formulated. Quantitative estimates of the scale and dynamics of the use of relevant technologies by criminals are given. The main causes and conditions conducive to the expanding use of social engineering techniques by criminals have been established and considered. The main technologies of social engineering used in the commi s sion of high - tech crimes, aimed at both individuals and legal entities, are given. Organized criminal groups draw attention to the special danger of attracting social engineering te chnologies . The problems of insidership and "involuntary complicity" in crimes committed with the help of social engineering have been studied. It is concluded that when committing high - tech crimes, social engineering technologies are used in combination w ith software and hardware and software, forming a single set of means of committing crimes, providing a qualitative leap in achieving a criminal result. The identified features of the application of social engineering technologies can be used in the develo pment and implementation of forensic measures to counter high - tech crimes.
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Lagerström, Katarina, and Cecilia Lindholm. "Outsidership vs insidership – internationalization of health-care SMEs." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-05-2019-0250.
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Purpose The paper aims to explore how small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the health-care sector overcome the liability of being an outsider, instead of gaining a position as an insider in new networks in markets abroad and subsequently internationalizing. The following research questions are posed: How do firms in complex health-care markets build network relationships? How is business market knowledge developed and legitimacy acquired to overcome the liability of outsidership? Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a multiple-case methodology in a nested case study of health-care SMEs, which allows for in-depth study of the importance of network relationships, business market knowledge development and legitimacy building to enter a target market; the study maps the activities and different actor roles as the entry process unfolds. The study draws on empirical evidence from 13 companies as well as industry and interest organizations. Findings The results provide support for process-based explanations of how, but also of why the internationalization of health-care SMEs takes place in distinctive sequential phases, where it is necessary to complete one phase before it is possible to embark on the next. The study answers the calls for more empirical studies capturing how firms actively enter networks to overcome the liability of outsidership, become insiders and subsequently internationalize. Originality/value The principal contribution of the authors’ study is to add to the body of research on internationalization and advance the understanding of how to build an insidership position in relevant networks by overcoming the liability of outsidership. By choosing to study firms in the health-care sector, the authors also contribute to the limited research on firms entering markets characterized by a high level of complexity.
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Tolstoy, Daniel, Sara Melén Hånell, and Nurgül Özbek. "Effectual market creation in the cross-border e-commerce of small- and medium-sized enterprises." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, March 4, 2022, 026624262110729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02662426211072999.
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Cross-border e-commerce can enable smaller firms to quickly reach many foreign markets. This article examines how effectual market creation affects the international performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) engaged in cross-border e-commerce. Building upon effectuation theory, we suggest that firms can drive foreign market demand by creating new ways to interact and engage with customers in the digital space. Analysing a sample of 99 Swedish e-commerce SMEs, we find that effectual market creation has a positive effect on their international performance. We also find that this positive effect is enabled by insidership in international markets, illustrated by activities related to international marketing analytics and international networking. Through these findings, we contribute to theory development on the internationalisation of small digital firms.
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Li, Dehui, and Libo Fan. "From outsiders to insiders: cultural friction in cross-border M&As by Chinese companies." Nankai Business Review International, April 20, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-11-2022-0102.
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Purpose Based on the business network view and cultural friction theory, this study aims to construct a theoretical model of the cultural friction effect and its mechanism of action during the transformation of Chinese enterprises from outsiders to insiders with equal and legitimate competitive status. Design/methodology/approach Data including cross-border M&As of Chinese enterprises in 17 major countries or regions and domestic M&As in China and host countries from 1982 to 2016 were used to test the hypotheses. Findings This study finds that the presence of cultural friction in cross-border M&As diminishes the probability that Chinese firms will adopt a more rapid pace of entry into the core position of the host country's business network. Originality/value First, this study has theoretical implications for studying Chinese firms' cross-border M&As from the perspective of the host country. Second, the theoretical construction of this paper reveals the double meaning from outsidership to insidership. Third, this study responds to the academic initiative that a more comprehensive and appropriate study should include factors such as the structural characteristics of the home or host market and stakeholders.
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Schmid, Stefan, and Simon Mitterreiter. "International Top Managers on Corporate Boards: Dissimilarity and Tenure." Management International Review, December 18, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11575-020-00430-x.
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AbstractThe number of top managers with foreign nationality and of top managers with international work experience on corporate boards has increased over the last decades. In business and management literature, the common understanding is that board diversity and international work experience for board members go hand in hand with numerous positive consequences for MNCs. But how does dissimilarity in nationality and in international work experience affect a top manager and his or her tenure on the board? Drawing on interpersonal attraction research and analyzing 149 management board members from German DAX-30 firms, we find empirical evidence that dissimilarity in nationality and in international work experience have a negative association with tenure. Based on social capital theory, we also suggest that the nexus between a top manager with an international background and his or her tenure is moderated by ‘firm insidership’. Our data confirm that having work experience in a firm before being appointed to its board is indeed linked to longer tenure but does not alleviate the disadvantages of being international. In sum, the resulting implication of our research is that, contrary to widely accepted scholarly opinions, a top manager’s international background may also have detrimental effects—in our case negative effects on tenure.