Artículos de revistas: "Inorganic electron transport layer"

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Vasan, R., H. Salman y M. O. Manasreh. "All inorganic quantum dot light emitting devices with solution processed metal oxide transport layers". MRS Advances 1, n.º 4 (2016): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.129.

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ABSTRACTAll inorganic quantum dot light emitting devices with solution processed transport layers are investigated. The device consists of an anode, a hole transport layer, a quantum dot emissive layer, an electron transport layer and a cathode. Indium tin oxide coated glass slides are used as substrates with the indium tin oxide acting as the transparent anode electrode. The transport layers are both inorganic, which are relatively insensitive to moisture and other environmental factors as compared to their organic counterparts. Nickel oxide acts as the hole transport layer, while zinc oxide nanocrystals act as the electron transport layer. The nickel oxide hole transport layer is formed by annealing a spin coated layer of nickel hydroxide sol-gel. On top of the hole transport layer, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots synthesized by hot injection method is spin coated. Finally, zinc oxide nanocrystals, dispersed in methanol, are spin coated over the quantum dot emissive layer as the electron transport layer. The material characterization of different layers is performed by using absorbance, Raman scattering, XRD, and photoluminescence measurements. The completed device performance is evaluated by measuring the IV characteristics, electroluminescence and quantum efficiency measurements. The device turn on is around 4V with a maximum current density of ∼200 mA/cm2 at 9 V.

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Singh, Chandra Bhal, Vandana Singh, S. Bhattacharya, P. Balaji Bhargav y Nafis Ahmed. "Effect of ZnO:Al Thickness on the Open Circuit Voltage of Organic/a-Si:H Based Hybrid Solar Cells". Conference Papers in Energy 2013 (27 de mayo de 2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/782891.

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Hybrid solar cells are based on the concept of using both organic and inorganic materials for fabrication of devices. Hybrid solar cells, based on a heterojunction between inorganic electron acceptor layer and organic donor layer, has been fabricated. Effect of electron transport layer on open circuit voltage (Voc) of hybrid solar cells was investigated. Hybrid solar cells were fabricated using amorphous silicon as main absorbing layer and as electron acceptor layer while using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as the donor materials. Al doped ZnO layer was used as buffer layer between ITO and a-Si:H to prevent ITO from reacting with silane gas during plasma enhanced chemical deposition (PECVD) process. ZnO:Al thin film also acts as electron transport layer. The open circuit voltage of hybrid solar cells studied with varying the thickness of ZnO:Al layer. Voc was increased from 0.30 volt to 0.52 volt with increasing the thickness of ZnO:Al layer from 15 nm to 45 nm. The poor interface between inorganic (a-Si:H) and organic layers may be a possible reason for low fill factor and low photocurrent in hybrid solar cells.

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Yusuf, Abubakar Sadiq, A. M. Ramalan, A. A. Abubakar y I. K. Mohammed. "Progress on Electron Transport Layers for Perovskite Solar Cells". Nigerian Journal of Physics 32, n.º 4 (5 de febrero de 2024): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.62292/njp.v32i4.2023.156.

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The photovoltaic industry is very interested in designing and developing next-generation device architectures using organic-inorganic perovskite hybrid solar cell materials. In fact, perovskites represent one of the most promising materials for high efficiency, low-cost solar cells. This is most apparent in the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) going from 3.8 to 24.2 % in recent years. One of the primary challenges of developing PSC’s however is the realization of an appropriate electron transport layer. As such, this review focuses on recent developments in the electron transport layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells. It examines and summarises designs, electron transport layers and perovskite active layers for efficient perovskite solar cells. The performance and stability issues with organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cells are also discussed with some recommendations for additional research on the ETL and perovskite active layer were offered.

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4

Rani, Sweta y Jitendra Kumar. "Modeling charge transport mechanism in inorganic quantum dot light-emitting devices through transport layer modification strategies". Journal of Applied Physics 133, n.º 10 (14 de marzo de 2023): 104302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0139599.

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Quantum dot light-emitting devices (QLEDs) are potential candidates for lighting and display applications. The charge transport mechanism which plays an essential part in the performance of these devices, however, needs to be explored and analyzed for further improvement. The imbalance of the injection and transport of charge carriers within the device adversely affects the efficiency and stability of the device. Charge balance can be improved by better charge injection of holes while suppressing the excessive electrons. A simple and effective strategy to achieve this is using double transport layers or doped transport layers to modulate the band alignment and injection of charge carriers. Here, we propose a new structure and investigate the physical processes within a QLED with a double hole transport layer for improved charge injection of holes and a doped electron transport layer for controlled charge injection of electrons. We find that the process of charge injection, tunneling, and recombination is significantly improved within the quantum dot layer and a better charge balance is achieved in the emissive layer. Through the theoretical simulation model, useful results are obtained which pave the way for designing high-performing QLEDs.

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Yang, Jien, Qiong Zhang, Jinjin Xu, Hairui Liu, Ruiping Qin, Haifa Zhai, Songhua Chen y Mingjian Yuan. "All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Based on CsPbIBr2 and Metal Oxide Transport Layers with Improved Stability". Nanomaterials 9, n.º 12 (22 de noviembre de 2019): 1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121666.

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Despite the successful improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the issue of instability is still a serious challenge for their commercial application. The issue of the PSCs mainly originates from the decomposition of the organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials, which will degrade upon humidity and suffer from the thermal environment. In addition, the charge transport layers also influence the stability of the whole devices. In this study, inorganic transport layers are utilized in an inverted structure of PSCs employing CsPbIBr2 as light absorbent layer, in which nickel oxide (NiOx) and cerium oxide (CeOx) films are applied as the hole transport layer (HTL) and the electron transport layer (ETL), respectively. The inorganic transport layers are expected to protect the CsPbIBr2 film from the contact of moisture and react with the metal electrode, thus preventing degradation. The PSC with all inorganic components, inorganic perovskite and inorganic transport layers demonstrates an initial PCE of 5.60% and retains 5.56% after 600 s in ambient air at maximum power point tracking.

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Rani, R., K. Monga y S. Chaudhary. "Recent development in electron transport layers for efficient tin-based perovskite solar cells". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1258, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1258/1/012015.

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Hybrid organic-inorganic tin (Sn)-based perovskite materials became a promising choice as an alternative to lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their outstanding optical and electrical properties. But, so far, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of only 13% has been achieved for Sn-based PSCs. To achieve highly efficient and stable PSCs, not only the properties of the active layer but the charge selective contacts (electron and hole transport layers) should be selected wisely. The interfaces between the perovskite active layer and charge transport layers play an important role in achieving the better performance of PSCs. In the present review, the spotlight is on the recent developments made on the optimization of electron transport layers (ETLs) for the efficient Sn-based hybrid organic-inorganic PSCs. Further, we comprehensively discuss the significance and the impact of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of electron transport material on the charge transport, which additionally affects the photovoltaic performance of the device. In summary, with continuous research on the Sn-based hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite materials as an absorbing layer, conventional ETLs (metal oxides) cannot be used. Thus, the optimum candidate for befitted ETLs must be explored and investigated in detail for efficient PSCs.

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Li, Huan, Guoqing Tong, Taotao Chen, Hanwen Zhu, Guopeng Li, Yajing Chang, Li Wang y Yang Jiang. "Interface engineering using a perovskite derivative phase for efficient and stable CsPbBr3 solar cells". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, n.º 29 (2018): 14255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta03811b.

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A derivative-phase CsPb₂Br₅ is introduced into inorganic perovskite solar cells, which will effectively eliminate interface defects, lower the energy barrier of electron transport layer and suppress the recombination at the interface of hole transport layer in the devices.

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8

Kwak, Hee Jung, Collins Kiguye, Minsik Gong, Jun Hong Park, Gi-Hwan Kim y Jun Young Kim. "Enhanced Performance of Inverted Perovskite Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diode Using Electron Suppression Layer and Surface Morphology Control". Materials 16, n.º 22 (15 de noviembre de 2023): 7171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16227171.

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The energy level offset at inorganic layer–organic layer interfaces and the mismatch of hole/electron mobilities of the individual layers greatly limit the establishment of balanced charge carrier injection inside the emissive layer of halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeQLEDs). In contrast with other types of light-emitting devices, namely OLEDs and QLEDs, various techniques such as inserting an electron suppression layer between the emissive and electron transport layer have been employed as a means of establishing charge carrier injection into their respective emissive layers. Hence, in this study, we report the use of a thin layer of Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVPy) (an electron suppression material) placed between the emissive and electron transport layer of a halide PeQLEDs fabricated with an inverted configuration. With ZnO as the electron transport material, devices fabricated with a thin PVPy interlayer between the ZnO ETL and CsPbBr3 -based green QDs emissive layer yielded a 4.5-fold increase in the maximum observed luminance and about a 10-fold increase in external quantum efficiency (EQE) when compared to ones fabricated without PVPy. Furthermore, the concentration and coating process conditions of CsPbBr3 QDs were altered to produce various thicknesses and film properties which resulted in improved EQE values for devices fabricated with QDs thin films of lower surface root-mean-square (RMS) values. These results show that inhibiting the excessive injection of electrons and adjusting QDs layer thickness in perovskite-inverted QLEDs is an effective way to improve device luminescence and efficiency, thereby improving the carrier injection balance.

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9

Lee, Woosung y Jae Woong Jung. "High performance polymer solar cells employing a low-temperature solution-processed organic–inorganic hybrid electron transport layer". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, n.º 42 (2016): 16612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta06911h.

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10

Xiao-hui, Yang, Hua Yu-lin, Teng Feng, Hou Yan-bing, Xu Xu-rong y Huang Zhong-hao. "Organic Light Emitting Diode Using Inorganic Material as Electron Transport Layer". Chinese Physics Letters 14, n.º 12 (diciembre de 1997): 946–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/14/12/018.

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11

Wu, Xiaoyan, Shifeng Jin, Zhizhen Zhang, Liwei Jiang, Linqin Mu, Yong-Sheng Hu, Hong Li et al. "Unraveling the storage mechanism in organic carbonyl electrodes for sodium-ion batteries". Science Advances 1, n.º 8 (septiembre de 2015): e1500330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500330.

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Organic carbonyl compounds represent a promising class of electrode materials for secondary batteries; however, the storage mechanism still remains unclear. We take Na2C6H2O4 as an example to unravel the mechanism. It consists of alternating Na-O octahedral inorganic layer and π-stacked benzene organic layer in spatial separation, delivering a high reversible capacity and first coulombic efficiency. The experiment and calculation results reveal that the Na-O inorganic layer provides both Na+ ion transport pathway and storage site, whereas the benzene organic layer provides electron transport pathway and redox center. Our contribution provides a brand-new insight in understanding the storage mechanism in inorganic-organic layered host and opens up a new exciting direction for designing new materials for secondary batteries.

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12

Xue, Tao, Ting Li, Dandan Chen, Xiao Wang, Kunping Guo, Qiang Wang y Fanghui Zhang. "Preparation of TiO2/SnO2 Electron Transport Layer for Performance Enhancement of All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells Using Electron Beam Evaporation at Low Temperature". Micromachines 14, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2023): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14081549.

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SnO2 has attracted much attention due to its low-temperature synthesis (ca. 140 °C), high electron mobility, and low-cost manufacturing. However, lattice mismatch and oxygen vacancies at the SnO2/CsPbI3−xBrx interface generally lead to undesirable nonradiative recombination in optoelectronic devices. The traditional TiO2 used as the electron transport layer (ETL) for all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) requires high-temperature sintering and crystallization, which are not suitable for the promising flexible PSCs and tandem solar cells, raising concerns about surface defects and device uniformity. To address these challenges, we present a bilayer ETL consisting of a SnO2 layer using electron beam evaporation and a TiO2 layer through the hydrothermal method, resulting in an enhanced performance of the perovskite solar cell. The bilayer device exhibits an improved power conversion efficiency of 11.48% compared to the single-layer device (8.09%). The average fill factor of the bilayer electron transport layer is approximately 15% higher compared to the single-layer electron transport layer. Through a systematic investigation of the use of ETL for CsPb3−xBrx PSCs on optical and electronic properties, we demonstrate that the SnO2/TiO2 is an efficient bilayer ETL for PSCs as it significantly enhances the charge extraction capability, suppresses carrier recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface, facilitates efficient photogenerated carrier separation and transport, and provides high current density and reduced hysteresis.

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13

Son, Hyojung y Byoung-Seong Jeong. "Optimization of the Power Conversion Efficiency of CsPbIxBr3−x-Based Perovskite Photovoltaic Solar Cells Using ZnO and NiOx as an Inorganic Charge Transport Layer". Applied Sciences 12, n.º 18 (7 de septiembre de 2022): 8987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12188987.

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In this study, we analyzed the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a photovoltaic cell with an ITO/ZnO/CsPbIxBr3−x/NiOx/Au structure, using ZnO and NiOx as the inorganic charge transport layers and CsPbIxBr3−x as an absorption layer. We optimized the thickness of each layer and investigated the effects of the defect density and interface defect density. To achieve the highest PCE, the optimal thicknesses were 300 nm for the electron transport layer (ZnO), 60 nm for the hole transport layer (NiOx), and 1000 nm for the absorption layer. The absorber defect density was maintained at approximately 1015 cm−3, and the interface defect density was approximately 1011 cm−3. The highest PCE obtained through optimization of each of these factors was 23.07%. These results are expected to contribute to the performance optimization of perovskite solar cells that use inorganic charge carrier transport layers.

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Yap, Chi Chin, Norhazirah Dahalan, Ain Hafizatul Abi Talib y Nur Izzati Mohamed Rosli. "KESAN KETEBALAN LAPISAN PENGANGKUT ELEKTRON TIO2 TERHADAP PRESTASI SEL SURIA ORGANIK: KAJIAN SIMULASI". Jurnal Teknologi 84, n.º 6 (25 de septiembre de 2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v84.18565.

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Organic solar cell has gained more attention due to its low-cost production and easy fabrication process. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is still low as compared to that of inorganic solar cell. One of the approaches to improve the PCE of organic solar cell is by introducing an electron transport layer which can extract the electrons effectively in between photoactive layer and cathode. Simulation study using SCAPS (Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator) software was conducted to examine the effects of TiO2 electron transport layer thickness on the performance of organic solar cell with ITO/TiO2/P3HT:PCBM/Ag structure. P3HT:PCBM acted as photoactive layer, whereas ITO and Ag played roles as cathode and anode, respectively. The range of studied thickness was from 30 to 180 nm. The simulation result indicates that the PCE increased with TiO2 layer thickness in the range of 30 to 120 nm, and it saturated when the TiO2 layer thickness was further raised to 180 nm. The highest PCE of 2.139% was obtained at TiO2 layer thickness of 180 nm.

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15

Islam, A., N. Bin Alamgir, S. I. Chowdhury y S. M. B. Billah. "Lead-free organic inorganic halide perovskite solar cell with over 30% efficiency". Journal of Ovonic Research 18, n.º 3 (junio de 2022): 395–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2022.183.395.

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In this study, numerical analysis on an Sn-based planner heterojunction perovskite device structure of Glass/ FTO/ ZnO/ CH3NH3SnI3/ CZTS/ Metal, with CH3NH3SnI3 as an absorber layer, was performed by using the solar cell device simulator SCAPS 1D. As an electron transport layer (ETL) and a hole transport layer (HTL), inorganic materials ZnO and CZTS (kesterite) were used. To optimize the device, the thickness of the absorber, electron, and hole transport layers, defect density, and absorber doping concentrations were varied, and their impact on device performance was evaluated. The effect of temperature and work function of various anode materials were also investigated. The optimum absorber layer thickness was found at 750 nm for the proposed structure. The acceptor concentration with a reduced defect density of the absorber layer enhances device performance significantly. For better performance, a higher work function anode material is required. The optimized solar cell achieved a maximum power conversion efficiency of 30.41% with an open-circuit voltage of 1.03 V, a short circuit current density of 34.31 mA/cm2, and a Fill Factor 86.39%. The proposed cell structure also possesses an excellent performance under high operating temperature indicating great promise for eco-friendly, low-cost solar energy harvesting.

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Ha, Mi-Young, Chang Kyo Kim y Dae-Gyu Moon. "The Effect of Particle Size on the Charge Balance Property of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Devices Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 2021): 3795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19233.

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been widely used as an inorganic electron transport layer (ETL) in quantum dot light-emitting devices (QLEDs) due to their excellent electrical properties. Here, we report the effect of ZnO NPs inorganic ETL of different particle sizes on the electrical and optical properties of QLEDs. We synthesized ZnO NPs into the size of 3 nm and 8 nm respectively and used them as an inorganic ETL of QLEDs. The particle size and crystal structure of the synthesized ZnO NPs were verified by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and X-ray pattern analysis. The device with 8 nm ZnO NPs ETL exhibited higher efficiency than the 3 nm ZnO NPs ETL device in the single hole transport layer (HTL) QLEDs. The maximum current efficiency of 19.0 cd/A was achieved in the device with 8 nm ZnO NPs layer. We obtained the maximum current efficiency of 17.5 cd/A in 3 nm ZnO NPs device by optimizing bilayer HTL and ZnO NPs ETL.

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17

Park, Helen Hejin. "Modification of SnO2 Electron Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells". Nanomaterials 12, n.º 23 (5 de diciembre de 2022): 4326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12234326.

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Rapid development of the device performance of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging as a promising photovoltaic technology. Current world-record efficiency of PSCs is based on tin oxide (SnO2) electron transport layers (ETLs), which are capable of being processed at low temperatures and possess high carrier mobilities with appropriate energy- band alignment and high optical transmittance. Modification of SnO2 has been intensely investigated by various approaches to tailor its conductivity, band alignment, defects, morphology, and interface properties. This review article organizes recent developments of modifying SnO2 ETLs to PSC advancement using surface and bulk modifications, while concentrating on photovoltaic (PV) device performance and long-term stability. Future outlooks for SnO2 ETLs in PSC research and obstacles remaining for commercialization are also discussed.

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Zhao, Hui, Huaiyi Ding, Sijia Li, Mei Liu, Jinlong Yang, Yilong Zhao, Nan Pan y Xiaoping Wang. "Improving electron injection in all-inorganic perovskite light-emitting diode via electron transport layer modulation". Optik 191 (agosto de 2019): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.05.106.

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19

Zeng, Xiaofeng, Tingwei Zhou, Chongqian Leng, Zhigang Zang, Ming Wang, Wei Hu, Xiaosheng Tang, Shirong Lu, Liang Fang y Miao Zhou. "Performance improvement of perovskite solar cells by employing a CdSe quantum dot/PCBM composite as an electron transport layer". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, n.º 33 (2017): 17499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00203c.

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Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells with a CdSe quantum dot/PCBM composite as an electron transport layer are reported by materials synthesis, characterization, device fabrication, performance measurements and large-scale first-principles calculations.

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Thanikachalam, Venugopal, Balu Seransenguttuvan y Jayaraman Jayabharathi. "Efficient and chromaticity stable green and white organic light-emitting devices with organic–inorganic hybrid materials". RSC Advances 10, n.º 36 (2020): 21206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra02122a.

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Efficient inverted bottom emissive organic light emitting diodes (IBOLEDs) with tin dioxide and/or Cd-doped SnO₂ nanoparticles as an electron injection layer at the indium tin oxide cathode:electron transport layer interface have been fabricated.

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Zhang, Meiying, Fengmin Wu, Dan Chi, Keli Shi y Shihua Huang. "High-efficiency perovskite solar cells with poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-doped SnO2 as an electron transport layer". Materials Advances 1, n.º 4 (2020): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ma00028k.

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Cho, Young Joon, Min Ji Jeong, Ji Hye Park, Weiguang Hu, Jongchul Lim y Hyo Sik Chang. "Charge Transporting Materials Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition in Perovskite Solar Cells". Energies 14, n.º 4 (22 de febrero de 2021): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041156.

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Charge transporting materials (CTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have played an important role in improving the stability by replacing the liquid electrolyte with solid state electron or hole conductors and enhancing the photovoltaic efficiency by the efficient electron collection. Many organic and inorganic materials for charge transporting in PSCs have been studied and applied to increase the charge extraction, transport and collection, such as Spiro-OMeTAD for hole transporting material (HTM), TiO2 for electron transporting material (ETM) and MoOX for HTM etc. However, recently inorganic CTMs are used to replace the disadvantages of organic materials in PSCs such as, the long-term operational instability, low charge mobility. Especially, atomic layer deposition (ALD) has many advantages in obtaining the conformal, dense and virtually pinhole-free layers. Here, we review ALD inorganic CTMs and their function in PSCs in view of the stability and contribution to enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaics.

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Yu, Yikang, Hyeongjun Koh, Zhenzhen Yang, Eric A. Stach y Jian Xie. "Revisiting Anode Fast-Charging Capability with Solid Electrolyte Interface Using Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, n.º 2 (28 de agosto de 2023): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-012476mtgabs.

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The Li+ ion diffusion through the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) has been widely considered as one of the limiting steps for the Li fast (de)intercalation process. However, a comprehensive understanding of the kinetic limitation of SEI on anode fast-charging remains elusive. Using H-phase (monoclinic) Nb2O5 (H-Nb2O5) as the anode material, we comprehensively studied the fast charging behaviors on both “inorganic SEI free” and “inorganic-rich SEI” anodes with cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results reveal that there is a negligible difference on the electrochemical performance including fast-charging capability and cycling stability between these H-Nb2O5 anodes in spite of significant discrepancy of SEI structure (e.g. thickness and chemical component). Further, it was observed using cryo-TEM that the discrete decoration of the individual inorganic particles (e.g. Li2O) and amorphous LiNxOy species in the direct SEI does not constitute a dense solid layer. From this study, we conclude a pore diffusion mechanism is dominated across the whole direct SEI layer with those porous organic components, which is extremely faster than the lithium ion knock-off diffusion in the inner inorganic components. Thus, the SEI structures have much less influence on the limitation of the lithium ion transport kinetics than those as commonly accepted if an inner dense inorganic layer is not formed. Our results provide a refreshed understanding on the fundamentals of the lithium ion transport in SEI, and will guide future design of battery materials for fast-charging.

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Aamir, Muhammad, Tham Adhikari, Muhammad Sher, Neerish Revaprasadu, Waqas Khalid, Javeed Akhtar y Jean-Michel Nunzi. "Fabrication of planar heterojunction CsPbBr2I perovskite solar cells using ZnO as an electron transport layer and improved solar energy conversion efficiency". New Journal of Chemistry 42, n.º 17 (2018): 14104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj02238k.

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Zhang, Heng y Shuming Chen. "An ZnMgO:PVP inorganic–organic hybrid electron transport layer: towards efficient bottom-emission and transparent quantum dot light-emitting diodes". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, n.º 8 (2019): 2291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc06121a.

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Kathir, I., Santaji Krishna Shinde, C. Parswajinan, Sudheer Hanumanthakari, K. Loganathan, S. Madhavarao, A. H. Seikh, M. H. Siddique y Manikandan Ganesan. "Flexible Polymer Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Good Mechanical Stability". International Journal of Photoenergy 2022 (22 de septiembre de 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4931922.

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Single-junction polymer solar cells have demonstrated exceptional power conversion efficiency. Interlayer adhesion will be critical in building flexible polymer solar cells since inorganic conveyance layers would surely break. Aluminium-doped zinc oxide modified by polydopamine has emerged as a viable electron transportation layer in polymer solar cells, enhancing mechanical qualities by offering a high degree of flexibility and adhesion to the active layer. Power conversion efficiency of 12.7% is achieved in nonfullerene polymer solar cells built on PBDB-T2F:IT-4F with aluminium-doped zinc oxide 1.5% polydopamine electron transporting layer. Furthermore, the device based on Ag-mesh wire-wound electrodes has a power conversion efficiency of 11.5% and retains more than 90% of original power conversion efficiency afterward 1500 cycles of bending. For implantable and adaptable polymer solar cells for wide areas, roll-to-roll fabrication of inorganic electron transport layers is advantageous because of their mechanical resilience and thickness insensitivity.

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Bai, Yang, Hui Yu, Zonglong Zhu, Kui Jiang, Teng Zhang, Ni Zhao, Shihe Yang y He Yan. "High performance inverted structure perovskite solar cells based on a PCBM:polystyrene blend electron transport layer". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, n.º 17 (2015): 9098–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta05309e.

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28

Kim, Taewan, Jongchul Lim y Seulki Song. "Recent Progress and Challenges of Electron Transport Layers in Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells". Energies 13, n.º 21 (24 de octubre de 2020): 5572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215572.

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Organic–inorganic perovskites are crystalline light absorbers which are gaining great attraction from the photovoltaic community. Surprisingly, the power conversion efficiencies of these perovskite solar cells have rapidly increased by over 25% in 2019, which is comparable to silicon solar cells. Despite the many advances in efficiency, there are still many areas to be improved to increase the efficiency and stability of commercialization. For commercialization and enhancement of applicability, the development of electron transport layer (ETL) and its interface for low temperature processes and efficient charge transfer are very important. In particular, understanding the ETL and its interface is of utmost importance, and when this understanding has been made enough, excellent research results have been published that can improve the efficiency and stability of the device. Here, we review the progress of perovskite solar cells. Especially we discuss recent important development of perovskite deposition method and its engineering as well as the electron transport layer.

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Chabri, Ilyas, Ali Oubelkacem y Youness Benhouria. "Numerical development of lead-free Cs₂TiI₆-based perovskite solar cell via SCAPS-1D". E3S Web of Conferences 336 (2022): 00050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233600050.

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Because of the toxicity and stability concerns, commercialization of lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is limited. Solar cells made entirely of Ti-based all-inorganic perovskite could be a viable answer to these issues. This paper is a theoretical paper on a perovskite solar cell (PSC) based on Cs2TiI6 using all-inorganic charge transport materials. We proposed a high performance perovskite solar cell (PSC) according to variables such as charge transport materials and its optimal thicknesses, absorber thickness, absorber defect density and interface defect density and working temperature. The optimal absorber thickness, Hole transport layer (HTL) thickness, and Electron transport layer (ETL) thickness are 500 nm, 50 nm, and 10 nm, respectively. After analyzing the other factors, we ended up with a high-performance PSC with a power conversion efficiency of 22.5% at room temperature and 22.84% at 270 K. These results are useful for the conception and manufacture of PSCs.

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Hu, Ying, Jiaping Wang, Peng Zhao, Zhenhua Lin, Siyu Zhang, Jie Su, Miao Zhang, Jincheng Zhang, Jingjing Chang y Yue Hao. "Reveal the large open-circuit voltage deficit of all-inorganic CsPbIBr₂ perovskite solar cells". Chinese Physics B 31, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2022): 038804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac464b.

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Due to excellent thermal stability and optoelectronic properties, all-inorganic perovskite is one of the promising candidates to solve the thermal decomposition problem of conventional organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but the larger voltage loss (V loss) cannot be ignored, especially CsPbIBr2, which limits the improvement of efficiency. To reduce V loss, one promising solution is the modification of the energy level alignment between the perovskite layer and adjacent charge transport layer (CTL), which can facilitate charge extraction and reduce carrier recombination rate at the perovskite/CTL interface. Therefore, the key issues of minimum V loss and high efficiency of CsPbIBr2-based PSCs were studied in terms of the perovskite layer thickness, the effects of band offset of the CTL/perovskite layer, the doping concentration of the CTL, and the electrode work function in this study based on device simulations. The open-circuit voltage (V oc) is increased from 1.37 V to 1.52 V by replacing SnO2 with ZnO as the electron transport layer (ETL) due to more matching conduction band with the CsPbIBr2 layer.

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31

Gupta, Ananya, Vaibhava Srivastava, Shivangi Yadav, Pooja Lohia, D. K. Dwivedi, Ahmad Umar y Mohamed H. Mahmoud. "Performance Enhancement of Perovskite Solar Cell Using SrTiO₃ as Electron Transport Layer". Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 18, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2023): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2023.3407.

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Now a days there is growing demand to generate renewable energy having environment friendly materials with widely used methods exhibiting highly productive conversion of photons into electrical power. In this article, an inorganic lead-free perovskite CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 material is utilized as an absorber layer, PTAA as hole transport layer (HTL) and SrTiO3 as electron transport layer (ETL). Parameters such as thickness of absorber layer and operating temperature of device is varied to obtain an optimized photovoltaic performance parameter. The optimized simulated result at 250 nm thickness of absorber layer for n-i-p planar structure with performances of short circuit current density of 27.7592 mA/cm2 open circuit voltage of 0.9834 V, Fill factor of 78.01% and power conversion efficiency of 21.30% are obtained, which is considerably better than the previously reported work. The proposed configuration is studied using SCAPS-1D. The proposed device confirms better performance and it could be a promising candidate for cheaper and efficient PSCs.

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32

Li, Wei, Yun-Xiao Xu, Dong Wang, Fei Chen y Zhi-Kuan Chen. "Inorganic perovskite light emitting diodes with ZnO as the electron transport layer by direct atomic layer deposition". Organic Electronics 57 (junio de 2018): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2018.02.032.

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33

Diao, Xin-Feng, Yan-Lin Tang, Quan Xie, Tian-Yu Tang, Jia Lou y Li Yuan. "Study on the Properties of Organic–Inorganic Hole Transport Materials in Perovskite Based on First-Principles". Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 14, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 1786–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2019.2687.

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Newport Inc. was licensed recently by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory of the United States to update the highest efficiency of the perovskite solar cell (PSC) certification of PSCs by 23.7%. Exploring new hole transfer layer is the key to the future development of PSC. In this paper, we constructed seven organic hole transport material molecules such as copper-phthalocyanine (CuPc), 2',7'-bis(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)spiro[cyclopenta-[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-4,9'-fluorene] (FDT), Poly-triarylamine (PTAA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and six in-organic hole transport material molecules such as CuCSN, CuI, InCuS2, CuO, Cu2O, NiO with Material Studio software. By the structure optimization, their energy band, density of state (DOS), HOMO/lowest unoccupied orbit (LUMO) energy level and absorption spectrum were calculated. Furthermore, the HOMO/LUMO electron cloud distribution map of FDT molecule was analyzed in detail. The results show that the electron cloud is closer to the nucleus with the increase of the isopotential surface value. From the absorption spectra, the absorption wavelengths of most inorganic hole transport materials are mainly concentrated at about 200 nm, which is relatively short. But the absorption wavelengths of organic hole transport materials are distributed in long wavelength region, most of them are above 2000 nm. Only the absorption spectra of PTAA, Spiro OMetad and CuPc are in the range of solar spectrum. The HOMO energy levels of seven organic hole transport materials are slightly higher than the values of valence band of CH3NH3PbI3 and NH2CH = NH2PbI3, which are favorable for carrier injection and transport. The band gap of inorganic hole transport materials CuCSN and CuI is wider. From the energy band structure curve, the effective mass of NiO, CuO, Cu2O carriers is smaller, which the carrier transport rate is relatively high. The hole transport material must have high hole mobility and hole conductivity so as to ensure the effective transport of the hole at the interface between the hole transport layer and the perovskite layer.

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CHEN Ya-wen, 陈亚文, 黄. 航. HUANG Hang, 魏雄伟 WEI Xiong-wei, 李. 哲. LI Zhe, 宋晶尧 SONG Jing-yao, 谢相伟 XIE Xiang-wei, 付. 东. FU Dong y 陈旭东 CHEN Xu-dong. "QLEDs with Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Double Electron Transport Layers". Chinese Journal of Luminescence 39, n.º 10 (2018): 1439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/fgxb20183910.1439.

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Tang, Xiaobing, Wei Chen, Dan Wu, Aijing Gao, Gaomin Li, Jiayun Sun, Kangyuan Yi et al. "In Situ Growth of All‐Inorganic Perovskite Single Crystal Arrays on Electron Transport Layer". Advanced Science 7, n.º 11 (22 de abril de 2020): 1902767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.201902767.

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36

Huang, Wen, Rui Zhang, Xuwen Xia, Parker Steichen, Nanjing Liu, Jianping Yang, Liang Chu y Xing’ao Li. "Room Temperature Processed Double Electron Transport Layers for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells". Nanomaterials 11, n.º 2 (27 de enero de 2021): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020329.

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Zinc Oxide (ZnO) has been regarded as a promising electron transport layer (ETL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) owing to its high electron mobility. However, the acid-nonresistance of ZnO could destroy organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite such as methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) in PSCs, resulting in poor power conversion efficiency (PCE). It is demonstrated in this work that Nb2O5/ZnO films were deposited at room temperature with RF magnetron sputtering and were successfully used as double electron transport layers (DETL) in PSCs due to the energy band matching between Nb2O5 and MAPbI3 as well as ZnO. In addition, the insertion of Nb2O5 between ZnO and MAPbI3 facilitated the stability of the perovskite film. A systematic investigation of the ZnO deposition time on the PCE has been carried out. A deposition time of five minutes achieved a ZnO layer in the PSCs with the highest power conversion efficiency of up to 13.8%. This excellent photovoltaic property was caused by the excellent light absorption property of the high-quality perovskite film and a fast electron extraction at the perovskite/DETL interface.

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37

Zhang, Jiaxin, Xiang Zhang, Haiwei Feng, Ziwei Yu, Jiaming Zhang, Shihao Liu, Letian Zhang y Wenfa Xie. "An efficient and stable hybrid organic light-emitting device based on an inorganic metal oxide hole transport layer and an electron transport layer". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, n.º 7 (2019): 1991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc06135a.

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38

Sunatkari, A. L., S. S. Talwatkar y Reshma Kajrokar. "Review on Enhancement of Stability and Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cell". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2426, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2426/1/012015.

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Abstract For photovoltaic applications, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have a extensive array of characteristics, including elevated absorption coefficients, exceptional carrier mobility, long charge carrier diffusion lengths, low cost, and incredible development. As emerging solar cell with thin film technology, these solar cells have generated many concerns. The elevated efficiency along with the low cost of materials and process are the main benefit of this cell over commercial silicon or other organic and inorganic solar cells. The foundations behind the optoelectronic description of perovskite materials and important methods for creating highly efficient perovskite solar cells have been covered in this paper. The degradation mechanisms of unstable perovskite materials and the associated solar cells are discussed. There are two more ways to increase the stability of perovskite materials and perovskite solar cells: interface engineering between the hole transport layer and the perovskite active layer and interface alteration between the electron transport layer and the perovskite layer. The future development of PSC architecture engineering is finally given a perspective and outlook.

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39

Pinzón, Carlos, Nahuel Martínez, Guillermo Casas, Fernando C. Alvira, Nicole Denon, Gastón Brusasco, Hugo Medina Chanduví, Arles V. Gil Rebaza y Marcelo A. Cappelletti. "Optimization of Inverted All-Inorganic CsPbI3 and CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells by SCAPS-1D Simulation". Solar 2, n.º 4 (9 de diciembre de 2022): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/solar2040033.

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have substantially increased their power conversion efficiency (PCE) to more than 25% in recent years. However, the instability of these devices is still a strong obstacle for their commercial applications. Recently, all-inorganic PSCs based on CsPbI3 and CsPbI2Br as the perovskite layer have shown enhanced long-term stability, which makes them potential candidates for commercialization. Currently, all-inorganic PSCs with inverted p-i-n configuration have not yet reached the high efficiency achieved in the normal n-i-p structure. However, the inverted p-i-n architecture has recently drawn attention of researchers because it is more suitable to prepare tandem solar cells. In this work, a theoretical study of inverted p-i-n all-inorganic PSCs based on CsPbI3 and CsPbI2Br as the perovskite layer was carried out using SCAPS-1D software (ver. 3.3.09). The performance of different architectures of PSC was examined and compared by means of numerical simulations using various inorganic materials as the hole transport layer (HTL) and the electron transport layer (ETL). The results reveal that CuI and ZnO are the most suitable as HTL and ETL, respectively. In addition, the performance of the devices was significantly improved by optimizing the hole mobility in CuI as well as the thickness, doping density, and defect density in the absorber layer. Maximum efficiencies of 26.5% and 20.6% were obtained under optimized conditions for the inverted all-inorganic CsPbI3- and CsPbI2Br-based PSCs, respectively. These results indicate that further improvements in the performance of such devices are still possible.

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40

Sun, Xiaolin, Lu Li, Shanshan Shen y Fang Wang. "TiO2/SnO2 Bilayer Electron Transport Layer for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells". Nanomaterials 13, n.º 2 (6 de enero de 2023): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13020249.

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The electron transport layer (ETL) has been extensively investigated as one of the important components to construct high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Among them, inorganic semiconducting metal oxides such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), and tin oxide (SnO2) present great advantages in both fabrication and efficiency. However, the surface defects and uniformity are still concerns for high performance devices. Here, we demonstrated a bilayer ETL architecture PSC in which the ETL is composed of a chemical-bath-deposition-based TiO2 thin layer and a spin-coating-based SnO2 thin layer. Such a bilayer-structure ETL can not only produce a larger grain size of PSCs, but also provide a higher current density and a reduced hysteresis. Compared to the mono-ETL PCSs with a low efficiency of 16.16%, the bilayer ETL device features a higher efficiency of 17.64%, accomplished with an open-circuit voltage of 1.041 V, short-circuit current density of 22.58 mA/cm2, and a filling factor of 75.0%, respectively. These results highlight the unique potential of TiO2/SnO2 combined bilayer ETL architecture, paving a new way to fabricate high-performance and low-hysteresis PSCs.

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41

Braga Carani, Lucas, Vincent Obiozo Eze y Okenwa Okoli. "Effect of Interface Modification on Mechanoluminescence-Inorganic Perovskite Impact Sensors". Sensors 23, n.º 1 (26 de diciembre de 2022): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010236.

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It is becoming increasingly important to develop innovative self-powered, low-cost, and flexible sensors with the potential for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The mechanoluminescence (ML)-perovskite sensor is a potential candidate that combines the light-emitting principles of mechanoluminescence with the light-absorbing properties of perovskite materials. Continuous in-situ SHM with embedded sensors necessitates long-term stability. A highly stable cesium lead bromide photodetector with a carbon-based electrode and a zinc sulfide (ZnS): copper (Cu) ML layer was described in this article. The addition of a magnesium iodide (MgI2) interfacial modifier layer between the electron transport layer (ETL) and the Perovskite interface improved the sensor’s performance. Devices with the modified structure outperformed devices without the addition of MgI2 in terms of response time and impact-sensing applications.

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42

Rashed, Shukri, Vishnu Vilas Kutwade, Ketan Prakash Gattu, Ghamdan Mahmood Mohammed Saleh Gubari y Ramphal Sharma. "Growth and Exploration of Inorganic Semiconductor Electron and Hole Transport Layers for Low-Cost Perovskite Solar Cells". Trends in Sciences 20, n.º 10 (19 de junio de 2023): 5839. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2023.5839.

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The perovskite exhibited outstanding performance and was a promising alternative material for a low-cost, high power conversion efficiency (PCE) solar cell application. To avoid the high-cost organic materials as electron transport layers (ETL) and hole transport layers (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), here introduce the inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials ZnS and CuS work as an ETL and HTL, respectively. In this work, we selected chalcogenides such as zinc sulfide (ZnS) and copper sulfide (CuS) as the 2-electron and hole transport layers and utilized them for perovskite solar cell application. For the proposed cell structure FTO/ZnS/perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3)/CuS/Ag, the deposition of layers has been achieved via different techniques such as thermal evaporation, spin coating and doctor blade, respectively. X-ray diffraction and Field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the structural and morphological properties of the prepared samples. UV-Visible spectrophotometer and current density-voltage curve were used to measure the optical and electrical parameters of the deposited layers, respectively. From the J-V characteristics, for the proposed and fabricated PSCs, the estimated PCE is about 0.28 %, open-circuit voltage (VOC) = 0.29 V, and short-circuit current density (JSC) = 3.96 mA/cm2. The results are good and the inorganic nanomaterial layers used in this study are promising for future studies. HIGHLIGHTS In this study, chalcogenide materials such as zinc sulphide (ZnS) as the electron transport layer and cadmium sulfide (CdS) as the hole transport layer in solar perovskite cell applications were investigated Use easy and simple deposit methods such as chemical bath deposition and doctor blade method The possibility of using chalcogenide materials in the field of perovskite solar cells, although the efficiency of the obtained cell is very small, is an indication of the response of such materials in the application of perovskite solar cells GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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43

Son, Chaerin, Hyojung Son y Byoung-Seong Jeong. "Enhanced Conversion Efficiency in MAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells through Parameters Optimization via SCAPS-1D Simulation". Applied Sciences 14, n.º 6 (12 de marzo de 2024): 2390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14062390.

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In this study, various factors affecting the efficiency of the MAPbI3 perovskite solar cell (PSC) were analyzed using the SCAPS-1D simulation program. The basic device analyzed in this study had a structure of ITO/TiO2/MAPbI3/Cu2O/Au. The thickness of each layer (electron transport layer (ETL), perovskite absorption layer (PAL), and hole transport layer (HTL)), PAL defect density and interface defect density were investigated as parameters. The optimized parameters that yielded the highest light conversion efficiency were an ETL (TiO2) thickness of 100 nm, a PAL (MAPbI3) thickness of 1300 nm, an HTL (Cu2O) thickness of 400 nm, a PAL defect density of 1014 cm−3, and an interface defect density of 1013 cm−3 for both absorber/ETL and absorber/HTL interfaces. The optimized PSC exhibited a maximum efficiency of 19.30%. These results obtained in this study are expected to contribute considerably to the optimization and efficiency improvement of perovskite solar cells using inorganic charge-carrier transport layers.

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44

Ouyang, Shijun. "A novel organic interface layer material to improve the efficiency of solar cells". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2713, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2024): 012083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2713/1/012083.

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Abstract Compared with the mature inorganic silicon solar cells[1] and perovskite solar cells[2], OSC is slightly obviously immature in terms of short service life and bad power conversion efficiency (PCE)[3]. Therefore, how to improve its durability and PCE to promote its development has become the main research direction. For solar cells, one of the most effective methods to improve their performance is to introduce different materials to optimize the electron transport layer to improve the charge transport characteristics inside the cell[4]. For organic solar cells, it is to modify the existing materials, introducing organic[5] (e.g. conductive polymer or polyelectrolyte) and inorganic[6][7][8] (e.g. metal oxide) interface modification layers to optimize this layer, so as to realize the regulation of interface energy level and improve PCE. In this work, the method of introducing an organic interface modified layer and reasonable experimental steps is used to synthesize non-conjugated polymer polyimide derivatives (BDI-RO). Combined with various photoelectric test methods and according to the work function and optical band gap of the modified interface layer, the effect of using BDI-RO as a cathode interlayer on the performance of OSC is studied and discussed.

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45

Zhao, Yan, Quanrong Deng, Ruxin Guo, Zhiheng Wu, Yukun Li, Yanyan Duan, Yonglong Shen, Wei Zhang y Guosheng Shao. "Sputtered Ga-Doped SnOx Electron Transport Layer for Large-Area All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, n.º 49 (29 de noviembre de 2020): 54904–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c19540.

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46

Kim, MiJoung, MoonHoe Kim, JungSeock Oh, NamHee Kwon, Yoonmook Kang y JungYup Yang. "Phenyl-C61-Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Hybrid Solution for Efficient CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells". Sustainability 11, n.º 14 (16 de julio de 2019): 3867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143867.

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Organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have excellent chemical, electronic, and optical properties, making them attractive next-generation thin-film solar cells. Typical PSCs were fabricated with a perovskite absorber layer between the TiO2 electron-transport layer (ETL) and the 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) hole-transport layer (HTL). We examined the influence of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) on the PSC device. PSCs using the PCBM layer as an ETL were investigated, and the absorber layer was coated by dissolving PCBM in a methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) precursor solution to examine the changes at the perovskite interface and inside the perovskite absorber layer. The PSCs fabricated by adding a small amount of PCBM to the MAPbI3 solution exhibited a significantly higher maximum efficiency of 16.55% than conventional PSCs (14.34%). Fabricating the PCBM ETL and PCBM-MAPbI3 hybrid solid is expected to be an efficient route for improving the photovoltaic performance.

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47

Zhao, Chengpeng, Yiyuan Zhang, Shipeng Sun, Xueyan Wang, Mengqi Xu, Lisheng Zhang, Yan Fang y Peijie Wang. "Study of black phosphorus quantum dot modified SnO₂-based perovskite solar cells". Applied Physics Letters 120, n.º 9 (28 de febrero de 2022): 093502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0081718.

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Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells are considered promising due to their strong light absorption capability, long carrier diffusion distance, and rapid increase in energy conversion efficiency in the past decade. However, there is a high concentration of defects between the perovskite layer and the electron transport layer, which can lead to limited carrier extraction and, thus, affect the device efficiency. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) have the advantages of tunable bandgap size, high absorption coefficient, and high electron mobility. Therefore, we introduced black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) in aqueous SnO2 colloidal solution by laser liquid-phase ablation to improve the carrier extraction rate and reduce the trap density. By characterizing the prepared complete devices, we found that the device efficiency reached 15.83% after the introduction of BPQDs, which is 12% higher compared to 14.06% for the blank sample. Our work provides a simple and fast method to enhance the efficiency of perovskite solar cells.

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48

Aziz, Issa M., Raad N. Salih y Mohammed K. Jaqsi. "Synthesizing and characterization of Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals solar cells from reused car batteries". Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 10 (30 de abril de 2023): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v10i.8839.

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With the rapid increase of efficiency up to 23.7% during the past few years, hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a research “hot spot” for many solar cell researchers. The perovskite materials show various advantages due to unique characteristics of perovskite materials, such as high photo-to-electric conversion efficiency, direct band gap, high light absorption coefficient, high charge-carrier mobility and long electron-hole electron transport distance. The low-cost fabrication techniques together with the high efficiency makes PSCs comparable with Si-based solar cells. This paper begins with the discussion of crystal structures of perovskite based on recent research findings. The following part of this paper discussion of synthetic process of lead iodide perovskite materials from lead-acid battery and Harvesting material from the anodes and cathodes of car battery; synthesizing PbI2 from the collected materials and compare with pure Lead iodide to know the absolute by XRD peak, depositing lead iodide perovskite nanocrystals. Efficient flexible PSCs are fabricated onto FTO glass substrate by a two-step coating method under ambient condition. By adjusting the concentration of precursor CH3NH3I (MAI), the morphology and thickness of perovskite layer is effectively tailored, according to SEM analysis and using TiO2 as electron transport layer instead of ZnO and CuI instead of spiro-OMeTAD as hole transport layer.

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Liu, Bo-Tau, Hong-Ru Lin, Rong-Ho Lee, Nima E. Gorji y Jung-Chuan Chou. "Fabrication and Characterization of an Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with POSS Passivating Hole Transport Layer". Nanomaterials 11, n.º 4 (10 de abril de 2021): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040974.

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Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), featuring a hollow-cage or semi-cage structure is a new type of organic–inorganic hybrid nanoparticles. POSS combines the advantages of inorganic components and organic components with a great potential for optoelectronic applications such as in emerging perovskite solar cells. When POSS is well dispersed in the polymer matrix, it can effectively improve the thermal, mechanical, magnetic, acoustic, and surface properties of the polymer. In this study, POSS was spin-coated as an ultra-thin passivation layer over the hole transporting layer of nickel-oxide (NOx) in the structure of a perovskite solar cell. The POSS incorporation led to a more hydrophobic and smoother surface for further perovskite deposition, resulting in the increase in the grain size of perovskite. An appropriate POSS passivation layer could effectively reduce the recombination of the electron and hole at grain boundaries and increase the short-circuit current from 18.0 to 20.5 mA·cm−2. Moreover, the open-circuit voltage of the cell could slightly increase over 1 V.

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50

Srivastava, Vaibhava, R. K. Chauhan y Pooja Lohia. "Theoretical study of lead-free perovskite solar cell using ZnSe as ETL and PTAA as HTL". Emerging Materials Research 12, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jemmr.22.00059.

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Cesium tin germanium triiodide (CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3) is one of the proficient inorganic halides the perovskites for better stability that has received wide attention in recent years. In the present study, a lead-free perovskite solar cell structure is designed with Zinc selenide as the electron transport layer (ETL), CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 as the perovskite absorber layer, and PTAA [Poly(bis[4-phenyl]{2,4,6-trimethylphenyl}amine)] as the hole transport layer (HTL). For a more practical understanding of the solar cell, several parameters such as absorber thickness, defect density, doping concentration of absorber layer, interface defects, and working point temperature have been examined. SCAPS-1D simulator is used for the analysis of the proposed device. The PCE of the device has been obtained as 23.15% with VOC = 1.07 V, JSC = 27.24 mA/cm2, FF = 78.82 % at 800 nm thickness of CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 absorber layer. Selecting the best material parameters and easy fabrication is suitable for developing highly efficient and environmentally friendly perovskite solar cells.

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