Tesis sobre el tema "Innovation – Histoire"
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Raster, Tom. "Essays in Historical Political Economy : trade, Innovation, and Forced Labor". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0041.
Texto completoThis thesis is a collection of three essays on trade, innovation, and forced labor that leverage natural experiments and novel microdata in economic history. Chapter 1 provides the first causal evidence of the effect of individual pioneers — first movers on trade links — on aggregate trade. I collect detailed data on all 1.4 million voyages between Baltic Sea ports and the rest of the world from 1500 until the 1850s, including 47,000 pioneering voyages that first connected two towns. I study the effect of pioneering on subsequent trade in a gravity model of yearly port-pair trade and instrument pioneering at the granular voyage level with (i) quasi-random en-route encounters with captains from new ports and (ii) rerouting due to the unpredictable obstruction of previous destinations by sea ice. I find that 10% of the total value of the trade is due to recent pioneering. A single pioneering voyage increases town exports by 25–33% for the 12% links that persist. Survival is higher for pioneered ports that are more distant from the origin port or existing trade partners in terms of kilometers, product mix, religion, or language. However, pioneers tend to select less distant ports. Therefore, returns are greatest when sea ice removes this selection and forces pioneers to experiment with exogenously determined ports. Pioneering spills over onto other traders, reducing the private returns of pioneers. This raises concerns about insufficient ex-ante pioneering and underlines the importance of policies that foster pioneering, particularly with distant destinations. Chapter 2 studies a major hypothesized driver of entrepreneurship and innovation: Admiration of business people and the bourgeoisie that incentivizes individuals to emulate the achievements of those with high social status, the so-called Bourgeois Values (McCloskey, 2010). We test this theory by devising a new measure of bourgeois values from first names in the US census, which we find to be strongly correlated with entrepreneurship and income. For identification, we leverage the ad hoc road trips of two prominent public exponents of bourgeois values in the early 20th century: Henry Ford and Thomas Edison. Referring to themselves as the Vagabonds, Edison and Ford quasi-exogenously exposed different localities to prominent bourgeois role models across several road trips between 1918 and 1924. Visits by the Vagabonds cause an increase in our measure of bourgeois values, which in turn increase income and the frequency of entrepreneurship. Our findings suggest that culture and values drive innovation and that even moderate shocks to cultural values can have lasting effects. Chapter 3 empirically tests the main hypothesized determinant of labor coercion (Domar, 1970): labor scarcity. I obtain quasi-exogenous variation in labor scarcity from immense spatial dispersion in deaths from three plagues in the Baltics (1605-6, 1657, 1710-2), which I show is uncorrelated to a host of local, pre-plague characteristics. To measure the intensity of labor coercion, I hand-collect thousands of serf labor contracts in Estonia, which capture the work obligations of serfs. I find that labor scarcity substantially increases coercion. I find that this effect is enhanced by the lack of outside options and increased labor monopsony power, in line with theoretical models. Investigating the consequences of (labor-scarcity instrumented) coercion, I find negative effects on education and increased migration. Taken together, these findings highlight the conditions under which labor scarcity raises coercion and provide suggestive evidence of why it does not in other cases (e.g., in Western Europe following the Black Death)
Hamel, Nathalie. "Le costume en Beauce, 1920-1960 : tradition, innovation et régionalisme". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq33670.pdf.
Texto completoVida, Raluca Anamaria. "La retraduction : entre fidélité et innovation". Artois, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ARTO0002.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to supply an analysis of retranslation based on a trilingual illustrative corpus. Retranslation, eminently literary, represents any version of a source text carried out when a translation already exists in a target language. Postulating the doubly secondary status of retranslation (it occurs both after the original and after the (re)translation(s) which precede it) implies a revaluation of the term of “translation” in general, which will then represent uniquely the first and/or the only interlinguistic transfer of a givensource-text. The change in the ontological status of translation imposes the elaboration of new terms/concepts, such as “translasphere” and “retranslative phenomenon”, which help us confine the intrinsic temporality present within any retranslational project (1st chapiter). After a revaluation of the domain of translation studies, translation theories and histories of translation included, from the point of view of retranslation, which is often present being nevertheless treated as such (2nd chapiter), we continue with the analysis of the “retranslational phenomenon” proper, realized with the aid of the “network analytical complex”. Bzsed on key-concepts- such “temporal cause” and “ translative ideology”, which represents theway in which the retranslator innovates with regard to his/her predecessors while remaining faithful to the original, to him/herself, to his/her readers or to the dominant ideology, it helps us seize the functional mechanism of the Romanian and the English retranslative phenomena of Gustave flaubert’s Madame Bovary and Stéphane Mallarmé
Barron, Géraldine. "Entre tradition et innovation : itinéraire d'un marin, Edmond Pâris (1806-1893)". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC010.
Texto completoEdmond Pâris is renowned for his plans and models of traditional boats for which he is now considered as the father of nautical ethnography; but he is less famous as a major actor of the 19th-century maritime revolution: from sail to steam, ironclad, torpedoes. A handful of naval officers were supportive of the innovation, mainly those scientifically minded and keen to experiment new techniques. More important, they were able to adapt engineers' concepts to seafarers' actual needs. This technical and organizational transition phase that took place between 1830 and 1860 was based on the study of processes, seafarers' training and the build-up of new practices. This could be labelled "nautical technology". Pâris wrote a great number of books and articles and joined major scientific and technical institutions. The biographical approach allows to embrace both his work on steam navigation and the survey of extra-European shipbuilding, which he devised as a young man in the course of three round-the-world voyages. Tradition and innovation were the cornerstones of his museographic policy in the Louvre maritime museum. Throughout his 70-year career, Pâris relentlessly focused on naval technology; his expertise led him to scientific recognition
Costa, Philippe da. "Les scouts de France : une identité entre fidélité et innovation, 1920-1983". Lyon 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2001/dacosta_p.
Texto completoZanetti, François. "L’Électricité médicale dans la France des Lumières : histoire culturelle d’un nouveau remède". Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100152.
Texto completoFrom the 1750s, Electricity was the object of widespread scientific and popular curiosity across Europe. Its first use was therapeutic and electric sparks have immediately been applied to paralytics. In France, medically-trained physicians did not become interested on the new treatment until the 1770s. The role of the newborn Société royale de médecine and of Pierre Mauduyt de la Varenne was pre-eminent in fashioning electricity as a properly medical tool, thus excluding natural philosophers and amateurs from its legitimate practice. Not only does this process have institutional and professional dimensions but it also deals with cultural representations in the scientific and medical fields of knowledge and with the behaviour and practices of both the patients and practitioners. We underline the authority of the patients in ther organisation of their own treatment and their being active in the medicalisation process. During the 1780s, there is a sharp social shift in the use of medical electricity, which is thereafter targeted towards the urban poor, in order to regenerate the Nation and put them back to work. Focusing on a single therapeutical means allows us to cross traditional boundaries between the history of medical ideas, social history of the patients and practitioners and cultural history of representations thus integrating the history of medicine to the wider field of Enlightenment history
Ben, Aissa Hazem. "La Démarche sociotechnique chez Renault : histoire, diagnostic et logiques d'évolution". Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1129.
Texto completoOliva, Jan. "Les réseaux de transports tchécoslovaques dans l'entre-deux-guerres : une approche historique multimodale". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR30068.
Texto completoEven though they have been in the European Union since 2004, The Czech Republic and Slovakia remain relatively unknown, partly because of their limited presence on the international stage. Other factors are ignorance of their recent history and a long period of isolation during the Cold War, which allowed to appear and take root false ideas about the culture and identity of the people on both sides of the “Wall”.This doctorate thesis is dedicated to the First Czechoslovak republic (1918-1938), a time when the Czech and Slovak people made their first steps as an independent State on the international scene. It is paced under the perspective of contemporary economic history and analysis specifically the transport networks which formed the backbone of the new economy. Their role was essential for the economic survival of the new state, built on the ruins of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In fact, the state launched a vast program of investment in transport infrastructures and, in parallel, founded a series of public or semi-public transport companies at the service of the republic. The period studied is relatively short and homogeneous, with intense political and economic activity. It was a period of transition. For these reasons it is of particular interest to the historian examining the specificities of public transport policy and the different concepts and solutions (a public transport monopoly, the commercial management of public companies…) adopted or rejectedThe thesis tries to bring to the French speaking world some tools for the comprehension of this part of Europe, difficult to pin down by Western historians because its geopolitical boundaries have seen several major upheavals during the 20th century, and because of the linguistic barrier. Its author is polyglot and has the ability to use original and library sources in Czech, Slovak and German, while writing and editing in French to the standards expected of a French doctorate
Pehlivanian, Sophie. "Histoire de l'énergie solaire en France : science, technologies et patrimoine d'une filière d'avenir". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH023.
Texto completoThis study attempts to give a History of solar energy, through the studying of his Heritage, in France. In this study, Heritage means both movable and immovable objects, the memorial heritage writings and testimony that support the scientific, social, political and economic source of energy through the history of an entire country. The sun, which has always fascinated civilizations, is a major and inexhaustible resource in terms of energy. This thesis focuses on how the technology of solar energy have been promoted according to the political situation of the country. The analysis is mainly based on the inventory and study of the heritage attached to scientific advances. Researches on capturing sunlight to produce heat or electricity have known very serious times of crisis, crucial to the future of what has sometimes been considered, during the second half of the twentieth century, as an industrial sector. French researchers then contributed to the advancement of technology, worldwide. In 1970, the guidelines of the French energy policy contribute to changing the interest of the whole country for solar technologies. Many new challenges for the applications of solar energy, which have become subject of communication and which also crystallize oppositions, such as the environmentalists battle. Today, France is far behind compared to many other occidental countries. The French solar research of the second half of the twentieth century, despite its historical importance, is very poorly represented in international forums and remains unrecognised. This phenomenon questions about directions that successive French leaders have imposed on the solar industry. Does solar energy, as a "sector of the future", is a utopia? Was it relayed, since the beginning of its scientific use, as a possible industrial solution? This thesis raises questions about the various periods of enthusiasm that led to consider solar energy as a real solution, in opposition to the lack of interest that this source of energy has suffered, trying to analyze the typologies of heritage which characterize this source of energy in both the public and the scientific community
Corolleur, Frédéric. "Innovation, institution et évolution des territoires". Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21006.
Texto completoThe thesis is about the evolution of SME's agglomeration. We focus on the innovation process of the firm. The theoretical tools are : the works of A. Marshall on evolution and industrial district, G. B. Richardson on co-operation and B. J. Loasby on economics knowledge. Our analysis is also based on the new spatial approaches of territory and proximity. We demonstrate that different combinations of organisational and institutional proximity imply first the differentiation of innovation process and secondly the ability of local actors to manage collectively the present and future issues. In this perspective, we have compared the evolution of an industrial district, the vallee de l'Arve in France, and a cluster of SME, the jura bernois in Switzerland
Rommevaux, Sabine. "Théorie des rapports (XIIIe - XVIe siècles) : réception, assimilation, innovation". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00256732.
Texto completoLanouette, Mélanie. "Entre tradition et innovation : l'enseignement du catéchisme chez les Frères des Écoles chrétiennes au Québec, 1936-1946". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ49032.pdf.
Texto completoCarmagnat, Fanny. "Innovation socio-technique et service public : Contribution à l'histoire des cabines téléphoniques publiques en France au XX° siècle". Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131013.
Texto completoOmri, Waleed. "Three essays on individual innovation behavior in SMEs : managerial characteristics corporate governance, and corporate performance". Limoges, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIMO1010.
Texto completoIndividual innovative behavior is being increasingly accepted as an important means and a valuable additional factor to achieve high performance and competitiveness. Consequently, both academics and practitioners are increasingly interested in identifying factors that foster innovative behavior in the workplace. Various types of factors were identified as vital determinants of individual innovative behavior. Despite the number of studies conducted so far, researchers have shown much less interest in other antecedents such as personality traits, religious beliefs, and mental abilities. Less attention has also been paid to the consequences of innovative work behavior. Scholars have therefore encouraged more holistic research models that consider innovative behavior as the dependent and independent variable. With this in view, it would be crucial to study in details the antecedents and consequences of individual innovative behavior in a context of SMEs. The evaluation describes in the present dissertation aimed to fill some of the gaps in knowledge by theoretically and empirically investigating, through a combination of individual and organizational variables, the antecedents of innovative behavior and then in the next step, the effect of this engagement on corporate performance
Bonin, Hubert. "Les banques françaises en économie libérale (1919-1935) : efficacité, innovation et rapports de forces". Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100015.
Texto completoThe official regulation of the banking economy is issued from the predominant liberalism. The capital and the upper administration of the banks belong to the private area of capitalism. The interbanking competition is hard. The crafts, the investments and the combativity of the banks explain the plasticity of the competitive positions on the markets of the collection of deposits, of the diverse aspects of the savings banking activities, of the credit commercial banking and of the financial bank. The necessity of refinancing) justify innovations and adjustments in the offer of credits and of financial services and in the analysis and the control of the risks. The thesis evaluates the talents of the banks in the exercise of their various business activities, and their more or less aptitude to satisfy the needs of the economy in the successive periods of growth and crisis
Martini, André. "L'aéromobilité des forces terrestres, une innovation tactique majeure : l'armée de terre française et la troisième dimension : naissance, évolution et perspectives : 1794-2004". Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30018.
Texto completoThere is a continuity between the men who climb on the balloons in the years 1794 and those who serve to day in the army aviation. Both use aeronautical technics to the greatest and direct benefice of the land forces. If the use of third dimension par the land forces has actually known a growth after the second world war with the emergence of the helicopters, the period before has to be known because it allowed the ground forces to build a base on which the growth of the modern aeromobility has been possible. The decolonisation wars have favoured the emergence of a third dimension mind which increased during the cold war. But an excessive concentration of the aeromobile means and budget restrictions have moved away the aeromobility from the army. Today, a new concept and new aircraft allowed the revival of an efficient cooperation between the army and its aeromobility
Marlier, Thomas. "Tradition grecque et innovation romaine dans l'architecture en Cyrénai͏̈que à l'époque impériale: les monuments publics". Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040096.
Texto completoWhat is the part of Greek tradition and roman innovation in the architecture of an ancient Greek city during the High Empire ? The case of Cyrene and others cities of the region - Apollonia, Ptolemai͏̈s, Taucheira and Berenike - shows that hellenism and romanity are often joint: the great majority of the buildings preserves Greek techniques of construction, but a great part of news or restored edifices on this period recovers roman types, like the theatres, the temples and the monumental arches. The type of roman theater takes the place of the Greek type, the cyrenaean temples imitate the forms of the roman temple with podium and frontal staircase, the Propylaea evolves to the monumental arch, types completely news as the amphitheatre or the basilica appear, and several monumental complexes adopt a roman configuration: the forum of Cyrene, for example, associates a quadriportico with a temple and a basilica. It is not in the political, demographic or social situation that the explications of the roman innovations will be found. It appears that the conservatism of the manners of construct doesn't explain itself by an inertia of know-how : the craftsmen and the architects reproduce simply their customs by using the technical system which they already know. The roman innovation seems to fall within the scope of a simple fashion where the news architectural types are imitated " to seems roman " without new roman customs corresponding to them ; or, more rarely, by diffusion of roman customs : in this case, new types of buildings are necessary: the apparition of the amphitheatre, for example, explains itself by the diffusion of hunts and gladiators spectacles on this area
Weaver, Rosalie Mary. "Innovation within the modern short story through the interaction of gender, nationality, and genre, Margaret Atwood's Wilderness tips and Alice Munro's Open secrets". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23675.pdf.
Texto completoChauveau, Olivier. "Systématique et évolution des structures florales productrices de lipides au sein des Iridoideae (Iridaceae)". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976550.
Texto completoLeclère, Basile. "Le théâtre sanskrit de l’Inde médiévale entre tradition et innovation : le "Moharājaparājaya" de Yas̓aḥpāla". Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2007_in_leclere_b.pdf.
Texto completoStudies on sanskrit theatre have been focused most of the time on the same restricted set of classical plays composed by famous authors like Kālidāsa, Harṣa or Bhavabhūti. On the contrary, mediaeval plays, though numerous, have been rarely studied or even translated in western languages, being usually considered as bereft of genuine dramatic inspiration. Nevertheless, they attest that their authors wished to differentiate themselves from their predecessors : for instance, plays written in Gujarat under the Caulukya are based on original subjects, some invented, others borrowed from jaina lore or recent history. In order to enrich this study with precise analyses, one of those plays, the "Moharājaparājaya" by Yas̓aḥpāla, has been thoroughly translated. Though presented as a n̄ataka, this drama has an original plot, in which allegorical and historical characters are mingled, and leads to a reflection on traditional genres. Moreover, as the aesthetic function of the theatre is hindered by the presence on stage of an historical character, the "Moharājaparājaya" lets us wonder if the show fulfils other functions, as a religious or a political one. Lastly, all the dramas written in mediaeval Gujarat testify in their prologue and stage directions to their representation, as do the comparison of theatre with the other genres in vogue then
Cocaud, Martine. "Une agriculture entre tradition et innovation : propriétés, productions et exploitations dans les campagnes d'Ille-et-Vilaine, vers 1750 - vers 1850". Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHESA037.
Texto completoMaghnia, Abdelghani. "Tradition et innovation à la Qarawiyîn : approche ponctuelle de quelques moments, institutionnellement pertinents de l'instance d'enseignement traditionnel au Maroc". Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081163.
Texto completoQarawiyin university experienced during his history, an important process of organisation regarding islamic studies in morocco. Our research is studying the most important institutional moment of this history. Just a community service when he was founded in the 9 century very early she became a center for the diffusion of the juridical doctrine of sunnite during the almoravide period; with the emergence of the madrasa at the period of merinide (13-14 centuries), it did not delay to come in crises of scholastic lethargy. (15-19 centuries) a moment of reform is introduced at the age of alaouite at the end of the 18 century with sultan mohammed ben abdallah (1789), it resulted in failure, it started up again toward the middle of the 19 century (1844). But it is only at the 20 century that a real modernisation of salafite investigation is announced in 1912, the day of the protectorat come to examine this procesus and involve for the struggle for national independance. By the approach of many testimonies, the aim of the research is tying to release out the most important news of these pertinents moments instituted, with original evidences texts and documents to important as analyser of this large trial organisation
Bracconi-Giordano, Marie-Christine. "L'écriture du merveilleux : tradition, continuité et innovation dans les textes "historicisants" du Graal". Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30059.
Texto completoAs the XIIIth century is marked by the progress of rationality and the development of the romance as a mode of entertainment, the works of Christian persuasion testify to a reaction based on an unlimited use of the institutional Marvellous, meant to raise fiction to the status of an historic, even sacred, production. The style thus shows that the marvellous is to be conceived along the lines of continuation, diversion and innovation, and ensures the didactic quality of the text by narrative strategies stemming from hagiography or chivalry tales. This attempt comes up against the inadequacies of language and the expansion of the marvellous. The marvellous becomes the most important element of the articulation of narratives and sometimes what makes them a source of fascination. Paradoxically, but also maybe voluntarily in the case of the Estoire del Saint Graal, the marvellous is thus instrumental in the blossoming of romance as well as in the success of the secular values it contests
Njoto, Hélène. "Innovations architecturales à Java du XVIe siècle au début du XIXe siècle". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0002.
Texto completoThis study questions the participation of Javanese sovereigns in architectural innovations during three and a half centuries of modem history. It begins in the sixteenth century, when Javanese courts start embracing Islam, and it ends with the Java war (1825-1830), with the interruption of architectural projects. Javanese permeability towards innovation is examined under the prism of the adoption of mortared masonry and single storey buildings as well as foreign architectural types and styles. This research is based on the chronological study of six major royal cities: two on the north coast (Banten and Cirebon) and four in the hinterland (Kota Gedbe, Pleret, Kartasura and Yogyakarta). The dichotomy known to oppose the coastal cities, more favorable to innovations, and the cities of the hinterland, reputed to be conservative is thus being questioned. This thesis demonstrates the early entry of architectural innovations in Java, driven by Iwo main factors: the intervention of foreign master builders, particularly Chinese master builders and the outstanding personality of a few sovereigns. Although this research shows the relative fluidity of foreign architectural types circulation in Java, it also highlights a clear discrepancy between the north coast and the hinterland concerning the borrowings content. Knowledge transfer seems indeed to occur mostly when master builders are foreigners, which is the case on the coast, but when these master builders are locals, as in the hinterland, participation in innovations is more limited, and often reduced to their decorative value, although it is more creative
Trudel, Jean-Louis. "Avant l'invention : le passage d'une technologie imaginée à une science appliquée théorique /". Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24576866.
Texto completoFribault, Mathieu Thierry. "La figure de l'innovateur chez les Baga et Susu de Guinée : histoire sociale, verrous et jalousie". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0028.
Texto completoIn a small village in Maritime Guinea, Baga Sitem indigenous people have been living with their Susu foreigners for more than a century. Both live in a mangrove environment transformed over the centuries and successive clearings into a vast plain where irrigated rice cultivation was practiced. Over the past century, a major ecological upheaval has led to a radical change in the water regime, resulting in the "breakdown" of rice production. The Susu quickly developed fishing techniques adapted to the new environment, a freshwater marsh, while the Baga tried to save rice production. To stop the cycle of annual food shortages, they have finally turned recently to the fishery resource and to a specific technique: straight-net fishing. While Sitem dream of "success", the appropriation of fishing is far from being total yet: « locks » to innovation hinder it. In order to grasp the blockages and anchor them in a comparative analysis, I mobilize the social history of the two societies: in the sub-region's secular violence, the sitem history is marked by the choice of refuge in the mangrove swamp, on the edge of the marronnage, while the Susu ethnic group emerges on a crossroads territory from where conquering the coast over time. The combination with the context of historical violence conceals an internal social order, and the two societies, between the refuge and conquest’s dynamics, are in opposition from this point of view. Local notions of badenya and fadenya are then used to synthesize a series of distinctive social traits that involve a very nuanced relationship of individual initiative between Baga and Susu. As the two societies take on new production options, the actors carrying them confront their respective histories, territorial, political and religious structures, as well as their techniques for administering violence and secrecy. The analysis of locks is both classic and renewed, opening up to a pragmatic approach to innovation. Finally, the research work the relationship between technological innovations and social changes, as well as the the innovator in societies which are not subject to a modern ideology that valuing novelty. I observe that beyond the blockages, the innovator baga acts "curled up" when the innovator is "sung" by his society. It appears that the commitment of innovators is determined by social dynamics, between withdrawal, crisis and expansion, involving institutional formats as well as emotional relationships. More Guinean issues are discussed throughout the text, while the Baga Sitem are undergoing profound changes in the form of a susuisation of the Lower Coast region of Guinea
Moulin, Hervé. "La politique spatiale de la France, 1945-1975. Indépendance, innovation et dynamiques européennes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040079.
Texto completoThe subject of this thesis is the history of space activities in France, evolving from the first scientific atmospheric research programmes undertaken after the Second World War up to the creation of the European Space Agency (ESA) in the 1970s.A by-product of the Cold War, the French Space Policy was one of the pillars of national independence under the presidency of General De Gaulle. Under President Pompidou, it becomes more industrial and opens up to cooperation, only to become European in the beginning of President Giscard d’Estaing 7-year mandate.Focused on the French space agency (Centre national d’etudes spatiales (CNES)), this study emphasizes the role of the state in the high technology sector where policy is submitted to the interaction of national and international factors, taking into account geopolitical and geostrategic stakes. Highlighting the institutional aspects, the study analyses the elaborative process of the policy implemented in the 1960s. First of all perceived as a way of putting France in the spotlight at global level, space policy evolves with technology to face the economic and industrial challenges of space applications. The study highlights the vital necessity of a permanent dialogue between technological and political actors
Marshall, Alan. "Ruptures et continuités dans un changement de système technique : le remplacement du plomb par la lumière dans la composition photographique". Grenoble 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE29042.
Texto completoThe radical changes wich often accompany major technical innovations tend to overshadow the long-term factors which give continuity to industrial activities. The present study looks at the replacement of hot metal photographic techniques in type composition through the case of the lumitype-photon, the first commercially successful second generation phototypesetting machine. An introductory section provides a systematic description of typographic production activities as well as of traditional composing techniques. The invention, development and industrial exploitation of the lumitype-photon are then described and analysed in a global (i. E. Technical, organisational and cultural) context. Technical innovation in the field of typographical production is seen to be strongly influenced by organisational) factors as well as cultural practices. The skills and production organisation which condition the development and industrial implantation of new techniques are themselves dependant on the nature of the raw material of typography (the text) and of its products. In analysing a key period in the history of printing techniques, the author provides a model of technical innovation applicable to other areas of cultural production
Gerber, Lucie. "Le laboratoire des esprits animaux : expérimentation animale, production de savoirs et innovation thérapeutique dans les domaines de la dépression et de la maladie d'Alzheimer (1950-2010)". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0137.
Texto completoThe "laboratory of animal spirits" proposes a history of a scientific aspiration, that of using the experimental animal to introduce the problems of psychiatry and neurology within the laboratory. This work describes and analyzes the practices of the behavioral, cognitive and brain sciences in the context of therapeutic and medical research on diseases or disorders that affect the mind from 1955 to the present time. What are the historical conditions under which animal experimentation developed and diversified during the second half of the 20th century? How have experimenters developed animal models for the study of phenomena that are often reputed to be specifically human? With what effects and consequences for the mode of constitution of the objects on which the experimenters work, on the orientations followed by medical and therapeutic research? These questions are addressed through two fields of observation, research on depression, and research on Alzheimer's disease, in the perspective of an integrated history of science, technology and medicine. Through the published literature, industrial, institutional and personal archives of scientists, oral history interviews and ethnographic observations, this work questions the close link that was established, following a double process of "pharmaceutizalisation" and " molecularization "between animal experimentation and the way we conceive and study mental, cognitive and behavioral disorders
Moreau, Odile. "Entre innovation et tradition, une lecture du réformisme ottoman à travers l'outil militaire, du Congrès de Berlin à la Première Guerre mondiale, 1878-1914". Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040209.
Texto completoThe subjet of this ph. D. Is to study the transition between the ottoman empire to the early republic of turkey and the evolution of the army and the doctrines at that time. How did this great empire change its geopolitical, strategic and naval position and bring it into alignment to the western side, his ancient competitor, in taking part in the western military alliance, nato ? this study supposed to be considering the evolution of the society through one of its prestigious corps, the army. Why the army ? because, since the 18th century, the army has been the first reformed corps in the ottoman empire which has been impregnated with modernity and reformism. But it isn't a mere study in military history. This study would like to be a lecture of the ottoman modernism throw the military tool. It is not an historiography of the military tool itself, but much more a social history of the military reformism at that time
Moulin, Hervé. "La politique spatiale de la France, 1945-1975. Indépendance, innovation et dynamiques européennes". Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040079.
Texto completoThe subject of this thesis is the history of space activities in France, evolving from the first scientific atmospheric research programmes undertaken after the Second World War up to the creation of the European Space Agency (ESA) in the 1970s.A by-product of the Cold War, the French Space Policy was one of the pillars of national independence under the presidency of General De Gaulle. Under President Pompidou, it becomes more industrial and opens up to cooperation, only to become European in the beginning of President Giscard d’Estaing 7-year mandate.Focused on the French space agency (Centre national d’etudes spatiales (CNES)), this study emphasizes the role of the state in the high technology sector where policy is submitted to the interaction of national and international factors, taking into account geopolitical and geostrategic stakes. Highlighting the institutional aspects, the study analyses the elaborative process of the policy implemented in the 1960s. First of all perceived as a way of putting France in the spotlight at global level, space policy evolves with technology to face the economic and industrial challenges of space applications. The study highlights the vital necessity of a permanent dialogue between technological and political actors
Benoit, Paul. "Les mutations techniques et scientifiques de la fin du Moyen Age et de la Renaissance". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010551.
Texto completoFrom the written, iconographic and archaeological sources, the research has focussed on the innovations in the fields of calculation, energy, mining and metallurgic technics during mediaeval times and the renaissance. The first mecanization of craft in the west occured in the twelfth century. This has been studied through the cistercians. These monks have extracted stone, salt, coal and iron ore which they transformed into metal. They've also produced ceramic and glass and sought to master hydraulic energy. Nevertheless, the only field where they developped an original production is the metallurgy of iron : they were the first to use the water hammer. As a place of consummation and investment, the town used more and more metal during the fifteenth and fourteenth centuries, especially on building and arming. The mecanization of iron has spread out. The application of the water power to the bellows has lead to the production of cast iron : the indirect metallurgy of iron was born. . The crisis which devasted europe from the middle of the fourteenth to the middle of the fifteenth century has ruined a good many of the traditional metallurgic districts. The recovery carried a great request for metals and particularly for silver. The princely policy has promoted the search for ore and the raise of the production
Slaïmia, Mohamed Moncef. "L'image de l'activité scientifique au travers de l'histoire de la dioptrique : élaboration et expérimentation d'une séquence d'enseignement pour la classe de seconde; rapport des enseignants tunisiens à l'enseignement des sciences et à l'innovation". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978508.
Texto completoNadaud-Albertini, Nathalie. "Constituer une innovation télévisuelle : le contenu et la réception numérique des émissions de télé-réalité en France". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0012.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the way through which a TV innovation, reality-tv, has been created. It shows that reality-tv has been made up through interactions between producers, critics and viewers. When reality-tv has been broadcast in France for the first time, it was considered as a thrill so that the only way to think about it was to denounce its possible danger. Then, reality-tv has been developed in many themes, interactions have moved, and familiarity with programs has grown. Consequently, interactions have brought a specifie TV grammar not only relying on the fear of reality-tv. This thesis has used a method that enables to avoid to take part in controversy. It has followed step by s the co-constitution process of the innovation, studying the first categories into which reality-tv was though about and the changes of theses categories. Written press, programs, and websites and forums about realitytv have been studied, between April 2001 to December 2009. A specific methodology has been created in order to study the numeric reception (on the Internet). This thesis is structured around four main themes : - how thinking about reality-tv ? - it describes the process into which reality-tv has been adapted to its critics. -it shows a pattern of subject that emerges, the connexionnist subject, and develops in many fields. - it dea1s with mediatic convergence by studying sets created by producers and free uses. Finally, this thesis leads to reflect on the creation of TV norms
Beaux-Laffon, Marie-Germaine. "Les entreprises en céramique des Fouque et Arnoux en Midi toulousain au XIXe siècle : innovation, rayonnement". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20073.
Texto completoAround 1800, Provencal potters Joseph-Jacques Fouque and Antoine Arnoux developed a «faïence anglaise» workshop in Toulouse. As a family unit they produced earthenware and terracotta. They employed hydraulic energy to mechanize production to an industrial level. From 1825 their earthenware carried prints and with local funds they founded an enterprise Fouque Arnoux et Cie in 1829 and built a new factory at St-Gaudens/Valentine to produce porcelain from Pyrenean kaolin. Léon Arnoux researched colors and kilns. The Fouques and Arnoux supplied the south of France and exported to the colonies. In parallel a decoration business and shop employed Toulouse artists and sold the latest offerings from Paris. The factory and this workshop won industrial exhibition medals in Paris and Toulouse. The 1846-1848 crises caused the downfall of the company with the closure and sale of the Toulouse properties. Léon Arnoux immigrated to England where he became Minton’s artistic director. In St-Gaudens/Valentine, production restarted with Henri Fouque who called on English capital which never arrived. The manufactory finally closed in 1878. These Provencal manufacturers by the transfer of their knowledge and craft to the Midi area gave Toulouse, more specifically in the second quarter of the XIXth Century, its industrial face and character, this enterprise taking its place among the other French earthenware and porcelain makers
Laffage-Cosnier, Sébastien. "L’élève accompli. Les innovations scolaires menées à Vanves par le Dr Max Fourestier (1950-1973)". Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA1028.
Texto completoSchool experiments carried out by doctor Max Fourestier in Vanves are "places of memory" in the history of sport and physical education in the middle of the twentieth century. Rooted in the postwar economic boom, this heuristic work aims at describing the place and role of corporal practices in various experimentations (equal division of time between school work and sport, snow class, napping class, forest class or equal division of time between school work, physical education and cultural activities) implemented in school Gambetta and, more generally, in all the schools in Vanves. Blending varied and original sources, the study reveals that the inherent process of Max Fourestier's renowned work comes from four complementary factors. Firstly, the success of these innovative ideas is due to the personality and life path of their creator, who was endowed with a scientific aura. Secondly, Max Fourestier brings together local participants and relies on the identity of the town of Vanves which has specific political, educational, medical and social characteristics. Thirdly, the school doctor uses networks, social structures and interpersonal exchanges to convince, legitimize and spread his ideal school project. Finally, Max Fourestier promotes his model by taking advantage of modernity and the power of the media. This work revolves mainly around these four explanatory logics to understand the birth of these worldwide school innovations in 1950, their development between 1951 and 1967 and eventually their decline from 1968 on
Frioux, Stéphane. "Les réseaux de la modernité : amélioration de l'environnement et diffusion de l'innovation dans la France urbaine (fin XIXe siècle - années 1950)". Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00447952.
Texto completoBerkane, Abdelaziz. "Comportements d'agents, interaction sociale et processus économiques : le cas de la tradition théorique autrichienne". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00167306.
Texto completoPommier, Christophe. "Innovation et artillerie en France (1852-1914) : une radicale transformation technologique de l’armement au regard de l’histoire de l’innovation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL147.
Texto completoFrom 1852 to 1914, Artillery experienced several innovations that revolutionized these and its use. In addition to the emergence and development of these innovations, this thesis aims to understand the challenges they pose to the military world, the responses they provide and the resulting reforms. The war of 1870-1871 thus constitutes a major test for the innovations of the Second Empire - rifled bore and breech loading: the reforms of the following decades ones stem from the lessons which were drawn from them. For artillery, this requires modernizing weaponry to bring it back to German level, and then deliberately and radically innovating by overcoming two structural blockings: replacing black powder and mastering rapid fire. The solutions found - development of a smokeless propellant powder (1884), picric acid (1885) and the quick-firing gun (1896) - constituting real technical successes. However, the command's general conservatism and its doubts, mixed with denial, about the lethal effects of weaponry prevent these innovations from having a strong and rapid impact in military regulations: the destructive potential of picric acid, the change of appearance of the battlefield due to smokeless powders and its saturation in projectiles by the widespread action of relatively unrecognized rapid-fire artillery remain relatively unknown. The heavy human losses at the start of the First World War are the price to pay for this doctrinal maladjustment
Klein, Olivier. "Les horizons de la grande vitesse : Le TGV, une innovation lue à travers les mutations de son époque". Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720552.
Texto completoCanihac, Hugo. "La fabrique savante de l'Europe : une archéologie du discours de l'Europe communautaire (1870-1973)". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0617.
Texto completoThis dissertation aims to understand the construction of a new type of political and socialdiscourse: that of the European Economic Community (EEC). This process is taken, on theone hand, to be the invention on the part of political actors and scholars of a vocabulary andconceptual apparatus which made the EEC thinkable. On the other hand, the process isunderstood as the constitution of specialized disciplines which, by more or less successfullyasserting their legitimacy to produce discourse on the EEC as an object, have contributed torendering certain interpretations obligatory. The dissertation highlights the historical conditionsin which actors have contributed to the emergence, circulation and stabilization of suchknowledge in two founding member states of the EEC - France and Germany – up to the firstenlargement of the EEC in 1973. Beyond the specific case of European integration, thechallenge is to explore the conditions both for political innovation and for the legitimization ofa new political object.Making use of several types of historical source, the thesis retraces the careers of two of thedefinitions widely used to define the EEC up to the present - "supranationality" and the "socialmarket economy". Examination of the uses of these terms makes it possible to identify andinvestigate politico-academic controversies in which the EEC has been defined as a distinctinstitutional type (of the nation-state) and as specific mode of government (of the market).In contrast to the hypothesis of a "revolution" in the EEC, the thesis calls for the reinsertion ofthe invention of the EEC into the longer history of construction of national states andgovernment sciences. Contrary to a genetic interpretation of European integration as a definiteproject from the 1950s, it reveals the diversity of interpretations and knowledges which wereproduced and which competed with one another in the early years of the EEC, and identifiesthe conditions for their unequal success. Finally, the dissertation leads us to qualify thehypothesis of the formation of "common sense" about the EEC, emphasizing the national anddisciplinary differences which persist in their interpretations
Châtelet, Valentine. "Nouvelles technologies et valorisations d'un patrimoine : les marbres, des Pyrénées à Versailles". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20081/document.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the enhanced promotion of the the French Pyrenees’ marble heritage through the use of mobile technologies. It aims to question the role of the art historian in the development of these activities on such territories. The quarrying of these Pyrenean marbles, a valued geological resource, dramatically transformed the makeup of mountainous landscapes and shaped the architecture of royal palaces; these marbles are an integral part of our heritage, in both tangible and intangible forms. Their promotion is multifaceted, invoking our perception of the landscape, of sustainable development, and of the concept of terroir itself. From a heritage point of view, mobile technologies offer new channels for cultural mediation. They therefore open up new avenues which can be seized upon by those involved in the promotion of this patrimony. Thanks to the support of Camineo, a company specialising in the interpretation of the marble heritage through mobile technologies, two projects were led in conjunction: one in the Pyrenees and the other on the Domaine du Trianon in Versailles. This has enabled us to question the contribution of history of art in the production of outreach material about this heritage, and more generally, on our perception of the environment
Fernholz, Olga. "Innovating for today while innovating for tomorrow : a test of innovation ambidexterity theory in a leading technology company". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/54947/.
Texto completoIssoulié, Jacques. "L'Innovation technologique en matière financière : éléments d'analyse économique des systèmes de transferts électroniques de fonds". Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010002.
Texto completoThis dissertation aims at elaborating elements for a theoretical analysis of an important new phenomenon : technological innovation as applied to money. Credit and finance (TIF). The analysis develops within the theoretical frameworks provided by the theories of innovation, money and credit, and industrial organization (as applied to banking structures and competition). Neither the theory of industrial innovation, nor the newer theories of financial innovation, enable us to understand the specificity of tif. Industrial organization theory, on the contrary, has produced analytical tools in accordance with which we define tif as an "innovation of orgazation" exhibiting important properties. TIF reduces money demand, and increases (potentially) money supply and money velocity. It changes the arguments of credit demand and supply functions, as well as the conditions of their equilibrium on the credit market. Using the concepts of the theory of contestable markets, we study the impact of tif on the efficiency of the monoproduct and multiproduct banking firm, as well as on banking competition
Heuguet, Guillaume. "Métamorphoses de la musique et capitalisme médiatique. Au prisme de YouTube (2005-2018)". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL153.
Texto completoWhile music digitization has become a major theme of public discourse and academic research, YouTube, a video publication website founded by three ex-employees of PayPal and now the property of Google, is today recognized as the first media used for music listening in France. Through an analysis of digital archives of the Web and the compilation of media sources, this thesis analyzes what a company coming from technology « does » to musical culture, taking into account the regular change of its forms and its promises. A first chapter deals with the effects of power and blurriness in the mediatization of YouTube and its relationship to music. A second chapter analyzes the way music shaped YouTube, proposing a genealogy of relationships between music and media apparatus, linking the invention of recorded music, the standardization of online listening software and the « musicalization » of YouTube. A third chapter discusses music as an opportunity. We identify how the company invested in music as a key strategic ressource, while shaping the practice of music gathering and publication around values of popularity and creativity. A fourth chapter concerns the construction of a market for music built upon the technological and juridical control of the works versions and the financing by advertising, interrogating the limits of this model. We conclude by showing the intricacy of discourse about the transformation of musical culture with the logics of permanent change from the actors of media capitalism. From this point, we defend the necessity of studying the micropolitics of formats
Thinon, Romain. "Un "îlot brassicole" : brasseurs et brasseries à Lyon et dans le Rhône (fin XVIIIe siècle - 1914)". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2036/document.
Texto completoIn France, the nineteenth century is the age of beer: in a hundred years, annual production and consumption grow from less than three to more than fifteen million hectolitres. Thanks to its advantageous commercial position and the quality of its waters, Lyon occupies a unique place in this developing mass-market. Calling presumed alimentary boundaries into question, the city distinguishes itself as soon as the end of the Ancien Régime through a wide use of the hoppy beverage and the making of a product with specific organoleptic qualities being exported to the southeast quarter of the country. Skilfully maintained, this original situation turns Lyon into one of the main French beer production centres of the first half of the century. Things change with the advent of the Second Empire. New drinking trends and habits, birth of a European then worldwide consumption market and substantial scientific and technical improvements combine themselves to change the activity into a definite way. Thus, the Rhône brewing sector, leaded by Lyon’s breweries and initially made of numerous and small short-lived handcraft production units selling locally only, becomes in a few decades an industry operating towards foreign markets and formed by a handful of big factories gathering workforce, capitals and market share. Regulatory framework itself (professional legislation or insalubrity control) and fiscal politics on national and municipal scales contribute also to the transition. Since they have to adapt their manufacturing and formation processes, as well as supplying and selling strategies, the redefinition of urban and commercial logics has a direct impact on brewers’ practices: in a wider sense, it is the organization of the beer sector which progressively reveals itself. However, it would be untrue to see these businessmen as powerless victims of an uncontrolled process. More than spectators, they are actors of a protean revolution. The prosopographical study of 337 careers considered in their individual and collective dimensions prove the plurality of fortunes: while the model of the small business allows audacious craftsmen whatever their professional and geographical origins (many of them come from Alsace and Germany) to succeed by highlighting their work and satisfying their ambitions, the industrial model is more selective. In the medium term, only a few businessmen will survive, their smaller colleagues and competitors suffering the joint effects of economic conjuncture, market rationalization and family tragedies. At the edge of World War One, six breweries are still in operation: having proven its early adaptation ability by modifying its structure in order to assimilate the productivist modernization, the Rhône brewing sector can be considered as an exception among the pre-industrial activities, a fortiori among those from the food-processing sector
Cournarie, Emmanuelle. "Approche socio-anthropologique d'une reconversion industrielle : de l'horlogerie aux microtechniques à Besançon". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839114.
Texto completoO'Skea, Sean. "Indiana encore : history and preservation of eastern Indiana's historic theaters". Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1133729.
Texto completoCoyle, Benjiman D. "U.S. Navy: a history of stagnation and innovation". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43895.
Texto completoThis thesis examines four periods of the U.S.Navy's history, each following a major conflict that perpetuated a decline in institutional and strategic focus, and then ending in a rebirth of innovation. The object is to place the events drove the Navy toward stagnation into historical context and identify similarities between the cycles of stagnation and innovation. The central questions this thesis seeks to answer are: (1) Do shrinking budgets and austerity perpetuate stagnation? (2) What are the similarities and differences between each of the cycles on a macro level? (3) What are the drivers for stagnation and innovation in the Navy? This thesis concludes that a cycle does indeed exist and that circumstances being equal several similarities reoccur time and time again. The thesis also proposes that although it is probable that the will Navy repeat these cycles in the future, that they may be mitigated using proper lessons of the past.
Doria, Ariel Barbara <1998>. "The transformation of historic industrial buildings into highly innovative museums : Analysis of cultural centers that have welcomed current artistic innovations". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21989.
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