Tesis sobre el tema "Innovation – Environnement"
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Smida, Rafik. "TIC et environnement : optimisation et efficacité énergétique. (Cas de la Tunisie)". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0037.
Texto completoThe relationship between ICT, environment and energy efficiency causes a lot of controversies. Theseconcepts are rarely associated, especially for smaller emerging economies. Yet each has a significant impacton the other. The negative effects of ICT on the environment are various, in the same way, use and diffusionof ICT can also benefit the environment. This PhD thesis put forward further study impacts of ICT on energyconsumption and emissions of greenhouse gases, at the macro level for the case of Tunisia. The generalcontext of this thesis focuses on the relationship between the environment and the innovation theory, whilethe specific context focuses specifically on the energy consumption of ICT. Our approach is inserted underthe theory of innovation and economic basis for the use of new technologies, specifically at the intersectionof industrial economics and environmental economics. Our research focused on three main aspects:theoretical, empirical and descriptive. Firstly, this study handled the theory of environmental innovationsand its relationship with general purpose technology and ICT especially. Secondly, this thesis has allowed usto develop a detailed descriptive analyses based on the data and statistics from the World Bank, and otherinstitutions. Thirdly, a set of statistical tests and rigorous econometric models were applied to determine thelink between ICT investment and energy efficiency in Tunisia
Glandières, Anne. "Qualité et environnement : innovation de produit et dynamique organisationnelle dans l'alimentaire". Toulouse 1, 2005. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/698/.
Texto completoGrowing environmental preoccupations and a rapid evolution in food consumption tendancies have led us to analyse the strict interdependance between farming and food production with regards to the natural environment. Environmentaly friendly food products are the result of modifications in production practices, that we consider to be a technological change within the farm, and thus add a social fonction to the food function, making these products highly specific. The major stake in developing these products will be to suceed in showing their economic and commercial value. From varius examples of organic or integrated products, we have made an attempt to list the quality conditions requiered for these products. These conditions are established through coordination between agents and quality agreements based on trust. But new technological changes in environmentally friendly farming practices are going to make production structures evolve because they necessitate individual and collective learning. This evolution can lead to new forms of business organizations in order to maintain the specificity of theses products to the end consumer. Observing varius examples allow us to suggest some ways to develop these products
Diedhiou, Saliou. "Evaluation des bénéfices énergétiques et environnementaux des politiques de soutien à la R&D". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UBFCG012.
Texto completoEnvironmental innovations can play a central role in the fight against climate change. Also, the commitment of the international community in favor of the climate is reflected in particular by the implementation of policies for these innovations. This thesis studies the process in which these innovations appear in France, in particular the effects of environmental regulations, as well as their consequences on company performance.The challenges of this thesis are threefold: (i) contribute to a better understanding of the concept of environmental innovation; (ii) determine the strategic behavior of companies in terms of the dissemination of environmental innovations; (iii) develop an empirical methodology for evaluating the effects of public policy instruments on R&D expenditure and then on environmental and energy innovations, as well as their consequences on the efficiency of production systems. The empirical methodology will be based on the CDM model (for Crepon, Duguet, Mairesse, 1998), which is a structural model in three stages, seeking to analyze the relationships between R&D expenditure, innovation and productivity.The literature offers different definitions of the concept of environmental innovation. The objective of chapter 1 is to contribute to this debate by making the link between traditional innovation, sustainable development and environmental innovation, in order to better understand the latter and retain a single definition for the rest of the thesis. This review of the literature shows that environmental innovations do not spread in the same way as traditional innovations. Indeed, an imbalance exists between R&D expenditure related to the environment and R&D expenditure for other innovation activities. This imbalance raises the question of the difficulties of certain types of companies in implementing environmental innovations.The objective of Chapter 2 is to shed light on this debate by providing an overview of R&D and innovation activities of companies in France. Our main results show that the implementation of environmental innovations varies according to the type of company and according to the environmental regulation policy.The objective of Chapter 3 is to integrate environmental innovations within the CDM model. Our econometric results show that R&D intensity promotes environmental innovations, which themselves tend to increase business productivity. We nevertheless notice some different results of the R&D intensity effect, when firms adopt two types of environmental technologies in isolation
Tyl, Benjamin. "L’apport de la créativité dans les processus d’éco-innovation : proposition de l’outil EcoASIT pour favoriser l’éco-idéation de systèmes durables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14432.
Texto completoToday the challenges of sustainable development require new offers and new uses to be developed within the framework of an eco-innovation process, integrating environmental and societal approaches.The aim of this thesis is to study the advantages of using creativity tools to foster new concepts and ideas generation phases in eco-innovation processes.From a state of the art of the concept of eco-innovation and of the eco-innovation tools, we show that although there are many tools, few of them actually focus on the idea generation stage, or ideation, and few make it possible to stimulate all the axes of sustainable development.To fix this, our research relies on an adaptation of the creativity ASIT tool to EcoASIT. This adaptation is defended conceptually by showing the theoretical affiliations between the two methods, and experimentally by presenting the results of our different tests. We prove that the EcoASIT tool has great potential in terms of eco-innovation by efficiently stimulating the ideation stages with regard to all the aspects of sustainable development
Grimal, Laurent. "Protection de l'environnement, innovation et emploi : recherches sur la cohérence de la politique économique". Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10054.
Texto completoGuerroud, Yassine. "Trois essais sur l'éco-innovation au niveau de l'entreprise : le cas français". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ0015.
Texto completoThe idea supported in the literature for a long time was that the regulatory framework had a negative impact on the activity of firms, as well as on their prosperity. Starting from the 1990s, this vision started to change progressively and was substituted by a new approach in which the conflict between economic and ecological performance should be approached differently. More concretely, political decisions and researchers' endeavours triggered this new approach according to which neither the regulatory framework nor the reduction of pollution should involve any economic activity harming. According to this context, firms should introduce environmental innovations or eco-innovations which are, as their name suggests, innovations with less environmental negative externalities. The content of this thesis sticks with this context and aims to bring in new elements to the debate, to deepen the extant analysis related to the questions of the introduction of eco-innovation at the firm level, as well as by highlighting the French context.The first chapter of this thesis presents a theoretical and conceptual literature review on eco-innovation. This review is based on a bench of contributions in the field and aims to underline the impact of eco-innovation on firm performance, as well as the different consequences related to its activity. This review suggests that the effects of the introduction of eco-innovation can be decomposed into two separate categories: the internal effects and the external effects. First, internal effects are mainly related to employment and to the ability of firms to create more jobs, also including qualitative substitution effects based on improved qualifications. Second, external effects are related to changes in relationships across firms while complying with the environmental regulation through the transformation of the supply chain. The objective of this chapter is to develop and explain these mechanisms alongside other aspects related to eco-innovation.The second chapter includes a theoretical and an empirical analysis on the determinants of eco-innovation based on French data. Literature on the question is generally quite scarce, particularly regarding France, and almost inexistent concerning eco-organisational and eco-marketing innovations.The analysis along this chapter aims to emphasise these points, in a context marked by an increasing adoption of eco-organisational and eco-marketing innovations by firms. Results reveal a great importance of firm's reputation ahead of the introduction of all types of eco-innovation (product, process, organisation, and marketing), the importance of cost savings as well as the implementation of good environmental practices for the introduction of eco-organisational innovation, and the role of existing governmental aids and the contracts with customers for the introduction of eco-marketing innovation.Finally, the third chapter deals with the question of the impact of eco-innovation on firm growth, considering two growth indicators: employment and turnover, and analysing French data. After the presentation of a literature review, the empirical analysis is developed to analyse the impact of the introduction of eco-innovation (with no distinction in types), on both growth indicators previously explained. Following the very recent literature, multiple quantile regressions are performed given the non-linearity and the heterogeneity of firms' growth. Findings reveal a positive and significant relationship between eco-innovation and turnover growth of the top decile (10%) of the sample. Meanwhile, these results are not confirmed regarding eco-innovation and employment growth. Finally, other variables, namely patenting activity, research and development, and group ownership, are found to be important for firms' growth of the sample whatever the growth indicator used
Bachawaty, Eliana Al. "Innovation et compétences : une analyse du comportement innovant de la firme française". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20098/document.
Texto completoInnovation has become a vital need for the firm to deal with a continuously changing environment. Evolutionary theory has emphasized the role of competences in firm analysis. Therefore, specific competences are essential for the fulfillment of firms’ innovation activities.According to evolutionary theory, internal competences are central to the firm. Though, they can be sometimes insufficient for it to innovate. Thus, innovation requires from the firm to look for complementary external competences to reinforce those existing internally.Besides the competences used in-house, competences can be acquired externally through freelancers or cooperative relationships. Basing on an evolutionary analytical framework enhanced with elements of competence-based view, the main body of this thesis analyses the behavior of French companies in terms of innovation. In other words, we seek to determine the factors increasing the innovation capacity of firms while stressing the influence of competences used in-house or acquired externally on the probability for firms to engage in innovation projects.Within this scope, we first invoke different approaches of innovation and then emphasize the importance of firm competences and its staff in addition to their participation into cooperative agreements for innovation. To finalize our interpretation, we conduct a descriptive analysis followed by a study based on the survey data of Innovation CIS 2010. The results show that the probability for firms to engage in innovation activities is affected by elements from the internal and external environment of the firm
Faure, Guy. "L'exploitation agricole dans un environnement changeant : innovation, aide à la décision et processus d'accompagnement". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bourgogne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178531.
Texto completoBoubaker, Wided. "Eco-innovation, Performance environnementale et impact économique sur les entreprises : étude de cas des groupes Papetiers présents en France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0048.
Texto completoThis thesis seeks to demonstrate that improved Environmental Performance (EP), through the implementation of eco-innovative initiatives , positively influences Financial Performance ( FP) of a company. As basic hypothesis, we chose that of Porter ( 1991), which emphasizes the benefits of implementing environmental strategies respecting the principle of sustainable development. This hypothesis is totally opposed to the neoclassical vision that considers the costs of environmental protection as additional and excessive costs that may hamper the company's economic development. To validate our research hypothesis , we chose to test econometrically , through the method of linear regression, the relationship between EP and FP choosing as EP indicators, environmental investments and expenses (IE), the percentage of certified fiber (CF) and the "Sustainable Value"Environment indexes, relative to each of the environmental resources. These indexes are calculated using the approach "Sustainable Value" destined to evaluate the corporate sustainability and who represents an application of reasoning of classical financial analysis to environmental resources. We chose to conduct this study in a static and dynamic perspectives in order to assess the effects of EP on FP in a short and a medium term, through the evaluation of both the current effect and the one and two years delayed effect of the EP in FP. The results thus released from the econometric study provided a validation of our main research hypothesis , stating that a good EP influence positively the FP and the profitability of the Company.We note that the environmental initiatives are profitable since the first year of their implementation, except that the intensity of this profit varies according to the nature of Eco-innovation (Eco-innovation product, Eco-innovation process) and according to the characteristics of each company
Blanchard, Philippe. "modélisation de la contribution du design industriel au processus de conception de produits ou services innovants dans un environnement contraint". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0014/document.
Texto completoThe purpose of this study is to model an ‘enhanced design' methodology applied to the conception of an innovative product in a SME environment. This approach includes C-K theory in a context of disruptive innovation.In general, the industrial design process consists of four major steps:1/ the ego-design phase, where the designer conceptualizes a user need,2/ the techno-design phase, where designer and engineer find solutions to materialize the concept,3/ the eco-design phase, where social actors involved authorize it and then4/ the ergo-design phase, where the user adopt the final product.A methodological reflection leads to the modeling of the innovative ‘enhanced design' reasoning (where major actors are replaced by a bunch of various stakeholders).The specific SME's case was successful. Using the model, the enhanced design project management was efficient. But some more complex application cases would help secure it. Using this approach, with appropriate information, should guide the SME design project manager in the general radical innovation process
Benetto, Enrico. "Evaluation de l'incertitude des impacts environnementaux du cycle de vie (EI²CV) et la conception de l'éco-innovation : application à la filière charbon". Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAL0106.
Texto completoIt's widely accepted that the key drivers of the next decades of socio-economic development will be an unprecedented population increase, the environmental stress due to human activities and the value creation by means of product, service and process (PSP) innovation. The importance of environmental assessment, that gained an increasing important role in design and innovation during the last years, is expected to grown further in the next future. Several concepts such as Sustainable Development, Industrial Ecology and Eco-Efficiency and tools, such as Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Management and Risk Assessment have been developed so far to contribute to eco-innovation, i. E. The environmental based innovation. Unfortunately, the implementation of these concepts and tools still face two critical drawbacks: the results of the tools, mainly for Life Cycle Assessment, are debatable due to the ignorance about the uncertainties involved; moreover, these uncertainties are hardly classified in an overall framework and the tools for their analysis are lacking; the application of the tools in the design and innovation of PSP is lacking of a sound methodological framework and of practicable rules; eco-innovation methodologies are fragmented and not completely structured. Our contribution to solve these problems consist in : a method for the Life Cycle Impact Assessment in an uncertain environment in order to model the whole set of uncertainties (imprecision, variability and uncertainty sensu stricto) in a comprehensive framework, an outline of a method for the design and eco-innovation of PSP taking into account the uncertain impact assessment. The feasibility of the methods is partially tested in the application of LCA to 9 scenarios of electricity production by the combustion and co-combustion of coal and biomass
Tran, Thi Thanh Huong. "Be innovative to be green : how consumers respond to eco-innovative product designs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUA018.
Texto completoThe introduction of eco-innovation is considered an effective way for companies to strategically align themselves with consumers’ increasing environmental concerns. Drawing on the sustainability and innovation literature, this dissertation proposes that product design factors, individual differences, and situational variables, significantly influence consumer responses to eco-innovation. The findings of five online experiments explore the underlying mechanisms of how consumers respond to eco-innovative product designs across various Internet-of-Things product categories. Specifically, we uncover the effect of trade-offs between innovative features and eco-friendly benefits on consumer responses and shine new light on the moderating role of consumer beliefs about eco-friendly product effectiveness (Study 1). Our results also show that different types of eco-friendly attributes in new product designs trigger different consumer responses (Study 2). Moreover, this dissertation sheds light on the nature of eco-friendly consumer innovativeness and its interaction effects with perceived trade-offs in eco-innovative product designs on consumers’ product evaluation and purchase intentions (Study 3). We also document consumers’ associations between detachability of an eco-friendly attribute on consumer responses (Study 4). Finally, we highlight that consumers’ evaluations of eco-innovation hinge on ecological country of manufacture and its congruence with product eco-friendliness (Study 5). The dissertation concludes with theoretical and managerial implications, such as advice for firms on the best practices for competitive advantage achievement in an eco-innovation context
Mehamli, Amara. "Les déterminants de l'innovation environnementale : application au secteur des détergents et produits d'entretien". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1047.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to determine the relevant factors of environmental product innovation. This new more complex innovation, which requires environmental and competitiveness performance for its development and diffusion, occupies a more and more central place in the firm. We have in this work particularly analyzed the effectiveness of voluntary approaches (namely the European Ecolabel certification) on the innovation of products in the firm and, at the same time, identified the key determinants to adoption of this ecolabel. We focused our analysis on the detergents and maintenance-products sector in France. This study is a part of an evolutionary approach and considers the process of technical change (development and diffusion of European Ecolabel certified product) to be a complex and uncertain process incorporating different factors in co-evolution, beyond a limited conception of the role of environmental policies. The case study shows the role of the firm strategy in the process of technical change. The empirical analysis confirms the role of this determinant (strategy of suppliers of bimolecular substances) and presents, moreover, the importance of regulation (REACH…), the benefits of certification (brand image) and demand as key factors in adoption of this ecolabel certification. Indeed, although this voluntary policy drives some firms to innovation, the environmental performance and accession by most firms in this sector remains a challenge. In the current context, firms which have used biomolecular substances, under suppliers' strategic influence, have developed green products but not systematically European Ecolabel certified products
Corolleur, Frédéric. "Innovation, institution et évolution des territoires". Grenoble 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE21006.
Texto completoThe thesis is about the evolution of SME's agglomeration. We focus on the innovation process of the firm. The theoretical tools are : the works of A. Marshall on evolution and industrial district, G. B. Richardson on co-operation and B. J. Loasby on economics knowledge. Our analysis is also based on the new spatial approaches of territory and proximity. We demonstrate that different combinations of organisational and institutional proximity imply first the differentiation of innovation process and secondly the ability of local actors to manage collectively the present and future issues. In this perspective, we have compared the evolution of an industrial district, the vallee de l'Arve in France, and a cluster of SME, the jura bernois in Switzerland
Real, Marion. "Accompagner la maturation des concepts au sein des processus d’éco-innovation : proposition de la méthode MIRAS, pour aider à surmonter les fixations collectives et explorer les réseaux de parties prenantes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0261.
Texto completoDuring the development of eco-innovations, companies are looking to implement a new activity that can create ruptures with its existing practices and cause many changes in their business model. In such complex situations, the stakeholders of emerging projects have some difficulties to consciously deviate from existing cognitive frameworks to explore alternatives in line with the initial goals of the project. Thus, they take trajectories that may lead to a dilution of the environmental and social values or cause the abandonment of projects. The work presented here focuses on the maturation of eco-innovative concepts and seeks to develop tools and methods to avoid and overcome such situations called collective fixations.The methodological approach is based on an action research conducted in the organization Apesa and structured in two steps:- The analysis of three case-studies of eco-innovative projects allowed us to characterize supporting practices and deepen our knowledge on the collective fixation present during the maturation of concepts.- This first study has fueled the design process of the MIRAS method, the main contribution of our research.The MIRAS method offers a toolkit designed for eco-innovation intermediaries in order to help them to structure their intervention during the stage of concept maturation. Specifically the tools help to improve the sustainability potential of concepts, to analyze project group behaviors during sessions and to revisit stakeholder networks so as to anticipate future mutations and news ways of incubation
Guimeneuf, Emmanuelle. "Innovation technologique et réglementation environnementale : le cas de l'industrie automobile". Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090036.
Texto completoIn the greening of business perceptive, we have investigated the way a competitive advantage would stem from the technological innovation-environmental regulation relationship. First, environmental regulation is considered as a spur to technological innovation. Regulation may, thus, induce a change in the technological trajectory of the firm, leading to a bunch of innovations. Actually, the European vehicle emission standards did compel the adoption of the electronic injection device and the catalytic converter. This theoretical stance does not provide a relevant analytical framework to describe the lobbying behavior of carmakers, though. Consequently, environmental regulation should be perceived as a selection criterion of technological innovation. In this perspective, the evolutionist model is enriched by the dynamic capacity’s analysis, which provides a convenient microeconomic foundation through a strategic behavior. The existence of integrative and traductive dynamic capacities of environmental regulation is, then, stated. These competencies allow the firm to cope with regulation variations and provide the basis of a competitive advantage
Saint-Girons, Franck. "Marginalité et innovation culturelle dans les friches urbaines : un enjeu dans l'aménagement du territoire". Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU1004.
Texto completoMarginality was first tackled especially from the 1970's and was analysed by various scientific disciplines, for instance by geography and more particularly by social geography. It was often confused and used to characterise exclusion, and it also knew a shift in meaning so that it was then regarded as subjected. However, why not define marginality as a voluntary choice which will enable the individual to become an active subject who will be shaping their own life and their surroundings. Margins, from then on, come down to laboratories for innovation and creation, thus developing an ideology, standards, and distinct values. Subjects in margin indirectly contribute to the town and territory planning as well as to the local development. Thus, relying on urban wastelands invested in France by creative movements, we aim at showing the dynamics, the process and the mechanisms thanks to which a margin can become a centre of the process of territorial reconstruction and redefinition, leading to new planning approaches and new approaches of territory planning and local development
Aouay, Faten. "L'éco-innovation dans le secteur industriel. Quels déterminants, quelles barrières et quel rôle pour améliorer les performances des entreprises ? Cas de la Tunisie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BRES0077.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to investigate the determinants of eco-innovation and the barriers that impede it, as well as to assess its impact on the environmental performance, the economic performance in terms of growth and profitability as well as the companies’ reputation. Our approach includes two parts; the first one presents the state of the art of the eco-innovation phenomenon accompanied by the presentation of the specificities of Tunisia, which is our field of research the second one, which is of empirical order, includes a survey carried out among159 Tunisian industrial companies. The data were analyzed using the following methods: principal component analysis, the discriminant analysis, and multiple regressions. Our main findings identified four important points.Firstly, the practice of eco-innovation is less widespread than that of non-ecological innovation.Secondly, the barriers to eco-innovation fall into the typology of market barriers, knowledge barriers, and cost barriers. Thirdly, there are four determinants that particularly stimulate eco-innovation, such as technology, competitive pressure, expected benefits and market instruments, while command and control regulatory instruments and ecological consumer’s demand do not contribute significantly. Fourthly, ecoinnovation has a significant impact on both environmental performance and firms’ reputation, but does not directly improve economic performance in terms of economic growth and profitability
Carton, Christine. "Dynamique de croissance, environnement technologique et accumulation en Asie : le rôle de l'éducation : Doctorat de Sciences économiques". Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0025.
Texto completoGahlam, Nadia. "L'entrepreneuriat durable : essai de modélisation d'un processus innovant". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIME001.
Texto completoThe notion of sustainable development is today a central concern of the population and the public authorities. Sustainable entrepreneurship is a form of response to this concern through the integration of sustainable development standards into the core business of the company. This type of business comes to meet economic, social and environmental objectives. Sustainable entrepreneurship research has been particularly interested in the profile of the sustainable entrepreneur. However, the research did not ask enough about how it works. It is considered the breaking agent through the introduction of eco-innovations. Innovation therefore appears as a solution to social and environmental issues. But this is not enough to consider this entrepreneurial phenomenon as an innovative form. This thesis attempts to fill these gaps by modeling, the sustainable entrepreneurial process. In addition, the borrowing of a theory of innovation "C-K Theory" makes it possible to bring the sustainable entrepreneurial process closer to the CK innovative design process in order to determine the innovative nature of sustainable entrepreneurship
Darmonni, Jacob. "La sélection sociale de l’innovation : Parcours d’innovations environnementales depuis un centre de Recherche & Développement jusqu’à l’espace domestique". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H035/document.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to assess the relationship between social mechanisms promoting innovation and the theme of sustainable development applied to consumption patterns in the telecommunications sector. From field observation and study of reference texts, based on an inductive approach consisting of operating a division of the reality by scales of observation and tightening the analysis to micro social level, he thesis aims to underscore the rise of problematic situations with regards to behaviours and representations which were pre-existing or are emerging with the arrival of environmental innovation in our domestic space
Kurtycz, Escamilla Anna Rosa. "Le comportement environnemental responsable comme innovation : une approche communicationnelle à travers l'exemple de l'eau au Mexique". Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131032.
Texto completoThis thesis is the result of a five-year research project in the field of communication sciences, focused on the communicational understanding of the concept of "environmental responsible behaviour"(REB). The concept REB was launched in the early days of the environmental movement and has become an important factor in the environmental discourse, especially within the domain of environmental education. However, many authors argue that no real environmental behavioural changes have occurred or that the extend of these changes has been too limited. Therefore, our main concern was to understand if and why the REB is difficult to promote and to adopt. This main question was studied from a communicational perspective in order to understand the individual and the social factors that lead to adoption or rejection. In order to focus our research, we postulated that the REB could usefully be understood as an innovation, and therefore innovation theory was combined with communication theory in order to construct a framework for analysis and understanding. The case of water in Mexico allowed us to explain how REB is defined, translated and implemented. Based on a series of field interviews and accompanied observation, we followed the REB through the communicational dimension, analysing three cases that are typical for countries like Mexico: agricultural water use, domestic water use and water related to health concerns. We observed perceptions and interests as key elements in the communication interactions concerning the adoption of the conceptual innovation. We observed negotiation and dispersion as key processes that allow the innovation to evolve. The major outcome of the thesis is that, using the communicational approach, the difficulties to change environmental behaviour (the environmental failure) can be explained by both the lack of stability of the innovation as well as its discursive success
Rabodon, Ghislain. "Développement de nouveaux agents de tannage durables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR32.
Texto completoThe manufacturing process used to obtain leather from skin is called tanning. It acts by chemical stabilization of collagen, which transforms the skin into a stable and durable material. Currently, more than 90% of the production of leather worldwide is carried out with chromium sulfate. Therefore, tanning effluents produce significant quantities of this metal salt, which must be treated by expensive processes. The purpose of this project is to offer a sustainable alternative to chromium for tanning. To this end, organic compounds have been synthesized and their ability to stabilize collagen has been evaluated by different methods. Small-scale tests were carried out on collagen and its stabilization by these organic compounds was evaluated by DSC. The organic compounds selected after these tests were then tested on hides
Bouterfas, Imane. "RSE stratégique, création de valeur et innovation durable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASI008.
Texto completoThe implementation of a strategic CSR approach and its success is essential for a corporation to be competitive. Corporations need to view a proactive and strategic CSR approach as a source of competitive advantage. Such an approach can "bring benefits in terms of risk management, cost savings, access to capital, customer relationships, human resource management, and innovation capacity" (European Commission, 2011). Our case studies demonstrate that these companies generate significant value from their social and environmental practices by focusing on the development of a CSR strategy that best matches their organizational identity, which implies that the companies merge their societal strategies with their most essential value creation concepts.The studies show that these corporations share certain similarities in the ways that they build and develop their CSR approach: the formulation of a socially committed raison d'être, recorded in the company's regulations, and the need to incorporate sustainable innovation in their production processes and their products and services offer. By sharing these studies, this research work aims at contributing to the already existing literature about building successful CSR strategies and to provide guidance by developing a conceptual blueprint
Kedjar, Malia. "Essais sur les déterminants de l'éco-innovation : une application aux entreprises françaises". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC020.
Texto completoThe main objective of this thesis is to study the factors that trigger the development of eco-innovations for the case of French firms. We have addressed this question in different contexts using original data. We contribute to the empirical literature by focusing on entrepreneurial and spatial aspects. The main results show that environmental policy instruments have a different impact on the types of eco-innovations (waste treatment, renewable energy and climate change mitigation technologies) and that eco-innovations are not always profitable for firms. Hence, it is essential to adjust public policy instruments in a way to improve the profitability of eco-innovations. After carrying out a survey on French start-ups, the results of the analysis have shown that there is a diversity of profiles of eco-innovators. Indeed, firms cluster into five main profiles and exhibit different eco-innovation drivers. We have shown empirically that the different categories of eco-innovators do not have the same difficulties in accessing funds. This led us to conclude that public policies must be designed taking into account the specificity of each profile. We have also shown that the recombination of environmental and non environmental technologies and environmental political support are the main factors explaining the location of eco-innovative firms. Moreover, by applying spatial econometrics we found that there is a clear spatial dependence on their creation while the impact of knowledge spillovers is quite local
Ahras, Amel. "L’innovation managériale en contexte algérien : difficultés et perspectives. Approche par études de cas. Recherche sur les ressorts de l'innovation managériale face à un environnement entrepreneurial hostile". Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2088.
Texto completoAlgeria is widely recognized, particularly by international organizations, as being hostile to private entrepreneurship. Through the observation of several private companies that are prosperous in this country, we wanted to understand and explain their success despite this hostile context. A qualitative study based on the examination of multiple cases allows us to shed light on the levers of these successes (Novo Nordisk, Tifra-Lait, NCA-Rouiba, Cevital, etc.). It emerges from this research that managerial innovation seems to be one of the key elements of these successes. Moreover, this study has enabled us to understand the importance of resilience, particularly that of the creators and managers of these companies. Indeed, the research shows that, in the cases we consider, managerial innovation favors resilience by allowing to better seize certain opportunities and to face the hostile environment towards private entrepreneurship
Ozusaglam, Serdal. "Essays on eco-innovation". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB002/document.
Texto completoEnvironmental innovation or eco-innovation is considered one of the most significant paradigm shifts in the innovation behaviour. The specificity of eco innovation lies in the fact that environmental improvement, in addition to technological advancement, is the main reason of its development. By combining these two objectives, eco-innovation has become one of primary tools in the search to solve the world’s environmental problems and sustainability challenges. Despite its prevalence, there is still more to be discovered within the eco-innovation literature. The drivers of and barriers to eco-innovation discussion is one of the most significant amongst all. More notably, the role of a firm’s social, technological, economic and organizational characteristics within the eco-innovation process has been little studied. With this Ph.D. thesis we aim to fill the existing gap with four distinct research articles. [...] Chapter 2 investigates, firstly, whether firms’ internal characteristics have an impact on the adoption of voluntary environmental standards. Secondly, the causal effect of adoption of environmental standards on the firms performance. Based on the empirical evidence obtained, we show that medium-size, high-tech manufacturing firms operating at the EU level and using quality standards are more likely to adopt these standards earlier. [...] In Chapter 3, we stressed the significance of a firm’s structural characteristics in another context and aimed at investigating the role these characteristics play in realization of product and/or process eco-innovation. [...] In Chapter 4 we moved forward the analyses conducted in Chapter 3 to another context and examined the influence of firm’s economic, technological, organisational capabilities on the eco-innovation behaviour for different types of product, process, organisational or marketing eco-innovators. The results of our empirical analyses point out the marginal impacts of firm’s characteristics changes with respect to type of eco-innovator. [...]
Ndiaye, Ndiogou. "Les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication et l’Enseignement à Distance dans un environnement de massification des effectifs d’étudiants : le cas de l’UCAD". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21812/document.
Texto completoInformation and communication technologies have borne much hope in Africa in all areas of economic and social life and especially in education. For higher education this hope is all that greater needs and challenges are many. The African University faces a threefold problem: mass numbers of students primarily at the undergraduate level, lack of educational facilities and lack of sufficient qualified teachers in a number. It is in this context ICT appear as a possible solution to overcome resolve these difficulties. On this momentum, with the other countries of the sub region, Senegal tries to use these technologies to reform and improve its higher education system. Indeed, with the increase in the number of colleges at the level of secondary education, the mass of the numbers of students exerts strong pressure on the University authorities. Each year, thousands of young graduates knock at their doors; It was then that ICT and e-learning appear as alternative to solve this equation trimmed of all virtues With the significant achievements in the field of computing and internet connectivity of UCAD, are difficult access conditions related to the mass of staff especially at the undergraduate level on the way to be solved?
Gimet, Paul. "Gouvernance et leadership des écologies favorables à l'innovation dans le secteur des services à la personne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1103.
Texto completoIn a constrained environment related to regulations of public policies (diverse and potentially contradictory), our research focuses on the ability of a meta-organization to organize an ecology capable of promoting organizational innovations, by mobilizing two levers governance and leadership. We show that the first lever is represented by a dual governance (formal and informal), open and low-stratified; while the leadership takes a mixed form: vertical-hierarchical and horizontal-shared. A second result is to show that it is through the combination of governance and leadership that the PSP (Home Care Services Association, "Pôle de Services à la Personne") Pole manages to develop the three practices that support innovations (governance helps to orchestrate knowledge capabilities and to strategize while the leadership participates in the development of public policies). In a third result, we show how governance and leadership also foster a fourth practice (or meta-practice), which is a theoretical work (Munir, 2005) to justify mergers and acquisitions, and mobilize a network of allies (experts, services providers, operators, opinion leaders...) for these innovations. This theoretical work is all the more necessary that this sector is particularly marked by tensions deeply rooted in opposing institutional logics. Our fourth contribution is to analyze the role of ethics as a boundary-object (Grenier, 2006) for discussion and some forms of reconciliation around the merger-acquisition as a solution to the future of this sector
Arfaoui, Nabila. "Réglementation environnementale et dynamique de l'innovation : analyse des effets du règlement REACH". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE0035.
Texto completoOn 1 June 2007 the European Union set up REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation of Chemicals), one of the most ambitious regulations. This regulation establishes a new philosophy of how to design environmental protection and health. According to the preamble to the Regulation, the objective of REACH is "to ensure a high level of protection of human health and the environment while enhancing competitiveness and innovation." REACH has been designed to balance environmental objectives with competitiveness aims, and has the scope to induce the adoption of eco-Innovation as a side effect of the regulation itself. For this reasons, REACH appears as a privileged object of study to analyse the effects of environmental regulation on the innovation. In this regard, we analyse the innovation-Friendly mechanisms of REACH to promote the development of environmental innovations. From an unique original survey on REACH regulation, we study, one the hand, mechanisms to promote new opportunities in the field of environment and health, and, the other hand, those that stimulate demand for environmental quality. Finally, we analyse the impact of the attributes of the REACH regulation on technological and industrial dynamics from an agent-Based model (ABM). The ABM provide a powerful tool for exploring such complex and stochastic systems as innovation, and allow modelling the behaviour of heterogeneous agents, technological diversity and the change in selection environment that result from policy measures
Dechezleprêtre, Antoine. "Innovation et diffusion internationale des technologies pour limiter le changement climatique : une approche empirique". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006166.
Texto completoFouossong, nguetoum Laetitia. "Stratégie d’entreprise et partenariats innovants pour le développement durable : un guide pour la construction d’une stratégie d’entreprise responsable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV071.
Texto completoAn increasing number of organizations want to commit fully to a more sustainable practice of business, and attempt to profoundly change the way they operate. For those, it is the assumption of the work that the whole society has a duty to implement measures, attitudes and initiatives that will foster the change of behavior and practice. While people steeply increase their demand for responsible practice and governments draw boundaries within which to operate, this work contributes to fulfilling the academia’s duty, by offering guidance to organizations on how to move out of business – as - usual to create and appropriate a corporate strategy that integrates sustainability considerations. For the purpose, it investigates how organizations can effectively integrate sustainability considerations into their inner corporate strategy, and identifies new resources, processes and incentives that can foster the change towards a more responsible practice of business
Abdourahman, Djama Idyle. "La sélection participative : un mode alternatif d'innovation environnementale en agriculture : trois essais en économie". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENE014.
Texto completoThis thesis provides an economic analysis of an alternative mode of innovation in the seed sector : Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB). PPB is defined as the involvement of users in the plant breeding process and typically consists in the collaboration of farmers and scientists who become co-researchers. These programs aim at developing local varieties adapted to sustainable agriculture.In the seed sector, regulation plays a key role: a stringent market approval process limits the seeds on the market to pre-defined types of varieties. Marketing rules also influence the orientation of plant breeding and limit the exchanges of farmers’ seeds. In chapter 1, the economic rationale of the seed regulation, its limits and possible alternatives are analyzed. Chapter 2 consists of a case study on the farmers’ motivations for participating in PPB projects. This multifaceted question enables to study the economic, environmental and societal issues at stake. Farmers’ motives are indeed directly related to the history of seed research, the limits of the intensive agricultural model and its environmental impacts, the seed industry’s structure and the regulatory framework. Finally, a theoretical model represents the strategic interactions between commercial and farmers’ seeds. The impacts in terms of price, profit, market coverage, pollutions and social welfare are explored
Kasmi, Fédoua. "Écologie industrielle, milieu éco-innovateur et diversification de l'économie territoriale : le cas du complexe industrialo-portuaire de Dunkerque". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0488.
Texto completoIndustrial ecology includes a set of practices aimed at reducing polluting industrial discharges and stands today as a possible way for the transition of industrial system towards a more sustainable operating mode, inspired by natural ecosystems. Its implementation can also be at the origin of innovation dynamics favorable to the development and diversification of territories, especially industrial ones. Industrial ecology is generally studied from the view of its industrial organization (organization of input and output flows, institutional framework and organization of cooperation between companies) and the environmental impacts it entails (economy of materials, recycling, etc.). In this thesis, we study its potential in terms of territorial economic development. For this purpose, we build a theoretical and conceptual framework to highlight the role of industrial ecology as a driver for development and diversification of territories. We propose a new analytical model based on the concept of eco-innovative milieu. This concept, built by crossing the literature on industrial ecology and theories of territorial economy and innovation, explains the mechanisms by which industrial ecology can promote territorial attractiveness and eco-innovation dynamics. It is the foundation on which our hypotheses are based. This model of analysis is applied to the industrialo-port complex of Dunkirk, a territory with strong industrial specialization in search of new ways of diversification of economic activities. We seek to understand the advantages of industrial ecology for the construction of an "eco-innovative" milieu, in which the effects of agglomeration favor the generation and the attractiveness of new activities thus contributing to a diversification of territorial economy. We adopt a mixed methodology based on the descriptive analysis of two databases of companies and a set of semi-structured interviews with 30 companies and institutions. The empirical study shows that industrial ecology contributes to the development of the characteristics of an eco-innovative milieu in Dunkirk. however, the dynamics of collective learning and eco-innovation specific to eco-innovative milieus remain modest. In addition, a nex dynamic of business creation has developed in Dunkirk since 2014. These new companies are linked to companies in the industrial symbiosis, either by the sector of activity, or by eco-industrial synergies. However, this dynamic only concerns a few units, but tends to validate our analysis. The diversification dynamic based on a related variety highlighted here faces, however, many difficulties. These are related to the operational and organizational aspects of the synergies nut they are also specific to the territory (economic fragility and path dependence). The contribution of industrial ecology to the diversification of industrial territories depends, in our opinion, on the resolution of these difficulties. The development of service activities and adapted territorial governance can contribute to the reduction of these limits. We study the characteristics of the service sector and the governance of the industrial symbiosis in Dunkirk. We end up with a set of recommendations that can be useful for public policies as well as for companies and institutions, in order to strengthen the eco-innovative milieu and foster the innovation dynamics that it promises
Garcia, Julien. "Développement d'une méthode d'évaluation de la performance environnementale des innovations incrémentales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0004.
Texto completoSustainable development is the conceptualization of transition imposed from human society towards a sustainableway of development for the world to find a solution to the crisis of the Environment. In this regard, ecodesign isone of the solutions that the industrial and business world proposes to implement. It consists of taking into accountthe environmental impacts throughout the life cycle of a product (good or service) in the design of it. Integratingthe Environment dimension raises a triple complexity: (i) the one related to the multi-criteria nature of theEnvironment dimension, (ii) the one related to understanding the Environment dimension by actors designingproducts who may resist and be a barrier to successful integration, and (iii) the one related to process design andinnovation of a product, especially in the case of complex products. But despite the multitude of ecodesign toolsthat has been developed, few research topics are interested in taking into account both technical and organizationalaspects, while integrating environment in the innovation phase of a complex product. Therefore this thesis aims toexperiment, by a car manufacturer, an integration strategy of the environmental evaluation of incrementalinnovations, named E3PICS (Methodology of an Evolutive integration of the Evaluation of the EnvironmentalPerformances of Innovative Complex Sub-systems). Framed by constraints on the technical and organizationalconstraints, E3PICS strategy employs a progressive approach to integrate a scalable ecodesign repository inadvanced process engineering of innovative features that are connected to development projects vehicles. The firststep is the iterative design of the scalable ecodesign repository with the ecodesign team (in the EnvironmentDepartment) and innovation leaders, allowing cross learning. The second step is to accompany all the innovationleaders in the systematic use of the ecodesign repository. The third step is to develop an analytical tool for assessingthe impact of innovations on the recycling end of life vehicles. It requires the creation of models of vehicles tobypass the lack of data on the complete system under design and project impact. The fourth and final step is thedevelopment of a second analytical tool for assessing the impact of innovations on environmental performanceover the life cycle of vehicles. Similarly, the tool requires a method of developing environmental models ofvehicles; however, for environmental impacts calculated on the life cycle, unlike recyclability which is calculatedon the vehicle end of life, these models are based on the treatment by hierarchical clustering of vehicle life cycleassessment results . The experiments were performed at PSA Peugeot Citroen. The E3PICS strategy has helped tointegrate the processes of innovation using the eco-design repository and systematize its use in the context of asustainable continuous improvement of vehicle manufacturer
Nasiri, Aida. "Development of Safe-by-Design Nano-composites for Food Packaging Application". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT076.
Texto completoThe market of nanotechnologies is dominated by the food packaging area which amounts more than 20% of the total nanotechnologies market in 2015. However, the wide-scale use of nanomaterials raises important questions about environmental and safety issues that could hinder their development. In the case of plastics intended to be in contact with food, the risk of contamination concerns not only the nanoparticles but also all the chemical additives added during the material processing. The presence of nanoparticles is susceptible to modify the interactions between polymer and the additives with a possible change in their transport properties and therefore the food contamination.The present work aims at identifying the relationship between the structural characteristic and the transport properties (diffusivity and solubility) of nanoparticles and chemical additives incorporated in nanocomposites. In this regard, it is necessary to fill the gap of knowledge in 3D nanostructure characterization and a multi-scale modeling of mass transfer properties of nanocomposites in real usage conditions.In this way, polyethylene and nanoclay were selected based on the best compromise between real potential applications and the scientific knowledge previously published and eventually the nanocomposites were synthesized with LLDPE, Cloisite20 and a compatibilizer by melt intercalation method.The nanocomposite structure was characterized using TEM, X-ray nanotomography, TGA and XRD then submitted to migration tests undertaken in contact with different food simulants which represent various types of food (aqueous, acid, alcoholic) following the recommendation of the European regulation on the food contact material. To evaluate the positive or adverse effects of the nanomaterials on the contamination of the food by chemical additives which are usually incorporated with the plastic packaging, the virgin polymer and nanocomposite material were spiked with a mixture of the additives exhibiting various volatility, polarity and molecular weight. Then, the transport properties (i.e inertia) of nanocomposite structure was distinctively investigated on kinetic (apparent diffusion coefficient) and thermodynamic (partition coefficient) considerations.The results indicated that nanoclay addition in plastic materials favorably reduced the migration of additives by modifying both their diffusivity in the polymer and their partition between the polymer and the food simulant. However, while the partition coefficient of additives increases in nanocomposite in comparison to pure LLDPE for the samples in contact with all types of food simulants, the reduction of diffusion coefficient is significantly dependent on the nature of the food simulant in contact. Hence, it can be concluded that the major role in the migration of additives is not played by the imposed tortuosity path, but by the factors such as the affinity between the base polymer and simulants as well as the effects of simulants on swelling and crystallinity of the samples. Moreover, the effect of additive-related parameters and the structural parameters were assessed and put in perspective with their impact on the transport properties of nanostructures. Integrating the results of characterization and transfer properties led to an improved understanding of the influence of structure of nanocomposites on their mass transfer properties and therefore on the suitability of using them as food contact materials
Brécard, Dorothée. "L'environnement, nouvelle dimension de la compétition économique". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010053.
Texto completoDo environmental policies lead to a reduction of the competitiveness of the polluting firms ? The theory of industrial organization, with its processing of products differenciation, of research and development and of adoption of new technologies, is particularly adapted to answer this question. The environmental policy modifies the arbitration of the firm on the goods market (price, quantity, quality and variety) and, upstream, between its technological choices. It has an effect on the market structure and on the position of polluting firms. Thus, it constitutes a new incentive source for the firms who want to keep their market shares. In this thesis, we lead a reflection in two steps : in the first part, we show how the industrial economics with its microeconomic modelisation of differentiation and innovation helps to deal with our subject ; in the second part, we build specific models of competition for innovation based on some empirical studies to settle the debate. Our models take the form of three stage games between two firms, each of them located in different countries, and the regulator of each country. In the first stage of the game, the regulators choose the level of the environmental tax to impose on their polluting firms. This stage is conditioned by their will to cooperate to wrestle with pollution. Taking as given the tax level(s), firms are engaged in an innovation race to win a patent for the utilization of a clean technology. At the end of this stage, firms compete on the good market (competition a la cournot or a la bertrand, homogeneous or differentiated market). We show the important role of the tax and of the ecological consciousness of consumers in the firms incentive to innovate. We determine the optimal cooperative or non cooperative policies
Martin-Brelot, Helene. "TIC ET TERRITOIRES LOCAUX DANS UNE PERSPECTIVE DE DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE. L'EXPERIENCE RHIZOME – TV FIL 78 – SAINT-QUENTIN-EN-YVELINES". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129026.
Texto completoUne approche technique et historique des télécommunications, de l'audiovisuel et de l'informatique permet d'éclairer le phénomène de convergence numérique et d'identifier les obstacles à la diffusion spatiale des TIC. L'appropriation des TIC par différents types d'usagers, individuels ou collectifs, devient l'enjeu principal des politiques visant à réduire la fracture numérique. Les innovations matérielles et réglementaires contribuent en effet à réduire l'écart entre les territoires connectés et les autres.
Pôle économique et technologique majeur de l'ouest parisien proche de Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines s'avère un terrain privilégié d'analyse de la relation territoire-communication. Construite en 30 ans dans le cadre d'une Opération d'intérêt national (1972-2002), la Ville Nouvelle s'apparente à un laboratoire d'urbanisme, d'architecture, d'intercommunalité et de participation citoyenne. Les étapes de la construction urbaine sont mises en relation avec les pratiques d'information et de communication qui ont marqué la géographie de ce territoire hétérogène, aujourd'hui en quête de cohésion et d'un projet participatif.
L'objectif d'évolution vers la ville durable, conciliant exigences écologiques, économiques et sociales nécessite un travail continu d'identification et de diffusion du patrimoine informationnel produit par les acteurs locaux. Cette hypothèse est confirmée par l'analyse d'une série de magazines sur l'environnement (2001-2004), Rhizome, produite et diffusée par la télévision locale TV FIL 78. La contribution de la chaîne à la construction de la territorialité saint-quentinoise passe par la promotion de liens durables entre les acteurs de l'environnement et par des synergies entre espaces physiques et virtuels de communication.
Darmonni, Jacob. "La sélection sociale de l'innovation : Parcours d'innovations environnementales depuis un centre de Recherche & Développement jusqu'à l'espace domestique". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805271.
Texto completoDerra, Salif. "Déterminants de l'innovation technologique sur la biomasse agricole : cas du Jatropha curcas au Burkina Faso". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0055/document.
Texto completoBiofuel development supported by the international community expands since the early 2000s globally to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, meet the energy concerns of industrial countries and reduce energy poverty in the countries of south. This strategy meets several controversies that address the socioeconomic impacts of biofuels and the most appropriate technological trajectories to the needs of developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the thesis is to understand the determinants of the process of technological innovation on the production of biofuels. The thesis raises two hypotheses for this. The first assumption structured by intersection between the theories of transition and systemic analysis of innovation based on institutional determinism of technological innovation process that structures the emergence of the biofuel sector. The second assumption is that the emergence and development of the bioenergy sector resulting conditions of micro-economic and territorial adoption of the production of energy crops. The test of these hypotheses is achieved by mobilizing an analytical reference in terms of innovation system in the case of the Jatropha sector in Burkina Faso. The results highlight the emergence of biofuels technologies in sub-Saharan Africa is related to institutional changes induced by the energy and environmental crises. These institutional changes enable favorable resources to the emergence and diffusion of technology on biofuels. In Burkina Faso, these changes are driven by European policies and those of sub-regional organizations such as UEMOA and ECOWAS. Econometric modeling allows complementary way to test the conditions of microeconomic adoption and implementation of technological innovations on biofuels. Structural factors of the farm (land capital, food situation, perception); the proximity of the actors of the sector; and institutional variables inherent in capacity building and skills appear structuring of these processes of adoption of Jatropha. This adoption also depends technological models that integrate a territorial perspective the production phases of the raw material, processing and use in a response mechanism to the priority needs of the development of Burkina Faso
Coustillac, Lili. "Méthodes et outils pour soutenir l’éco-conception dans un laboratoire d’innovation industriel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COMP2784.
Texto completoTo remain competitive, companies must be innovative and regularly offer new products, services, processes, etc. If, for a long-time, innovation has focused on the technical dimension, today it relies on three main levers: prices, technology and uses. Recently, sustainable innovation, which consists in innovating while considering the environmental impacts, is also considered as an additional innovation lever. To meet these new demands, particularly around innovation through use and sustainable innovation, companies are no longer wondering if they should innovate but rather how to do so. They “seek to renew their methods of innovation and creation”. New methods and tools are deployed in an industrial context. One of the practices proposed is the establishment of new places, dedicated to innovation, inspired by the maker movement such as FabLabs, Living labs, Hackerspaces, Makerspaces, ... These new spaces, supported by various actors, renew the modalities of innovation and creation through the implementation of collaborative and iterative processes. Their objectives are to put uses back at the heart of innovation processes, to focus the process on the user and his needs, to give a new impetus to the exploration and innovation processes of companies, to upgrade practical skills and adapt to a context of deindustrialization. To achieve these objectives, these innovation laboratories are based on three main pillars: a place characterized by a particular architecture, layout and decor that influence the behavior of participants; a team composed of diverse and heterogeneous actors such as researchers, engineers as well as experts in methods and tools of creativity and prototyping and finally methods to facilitate and support the generation of ideas and group work, notably through co-creativity sessions. In the context of sustainable innovation, very few tools are adapted to the practices of these new places of innovation. Indeed, innovation laboratories support the generation of ideas and first concepts while eco-innovation or eco-design tools such as Life Cycle Assessment, are based on the assessment of the environmental impacts of products. We propose to develop an eco-creativity tool that aims to accompany the participants of a co-creativity session to generate new ideas, original, respectful of environment and adapted to the context in which they manifest. To evaluate the effects of the introduction of such a tool during co-creativity sessions, a comprehensive analysis methodology of these sessions was developed. To carry out this work, we have integrated the Clean Mobility LAB, innovation laboratory of a large international automotive equipment engineering and production group, FORVIA FAURECIA
Bordenave, Simon. "Essai sur les conséquences environnementales de la recherche et développement sur les variétés agricoles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA038.
Texto completoThe sharp increase in agricultural yields in the past 150 years owes a lot to the improvement of plant varieties, which, to large extent, is the result of the research and development process. Whether the research and development effort undertaken by firms operating in this sector and institutions regulating research are socially optimal is an important question for public policies. This thesis aims to contribute to tackling this issue, and its main contribution is to endeavor to account for the impact of crop innovation on the environment. We address the question through three different perspectives: innovation per se, the research and development process, and the institutional framework available to research firms. We show that environmental externalities of research significantly modify social optima
Clairac, Bernard. "L'aerosol en foret tropicale humide d'afrique : application a l'etude des echanges entre la foret et son environnement". Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30144.
Texto completoGalateau, Estelle-Fleur. "Les conditions sociales de l’adoption de comportements plus durables en matière de consommation et de gestion des déchets : analyse sociologique d’un dispositif de démocratie participative et des théories d’action en sciences humaines et sociales". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H005/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this research is to analyze the processes established to modify behaviors and make them more sustainable, in everyday practices of consumption and waste management. We want to know whether the currently recognized values alone are explanatory of changing behaviors, and whether there are strong constraints involved in adopting more sustainable practices. In view of the current concern with environmental issues, we studied a procedure in participatory democracy designed to change participants’ behavior. Secondly, we analyzed current theories in social sciences in order to identify forces other than this political one. The research shows that participatory democracy results from intellectual actors or idealistic activists, who try to solve problems of political legitimacy, trust, and efficiency. But their idealism, which sparks the start of the action, faces strong constraints, requires adjustments to their ideal. These adjustments explain why changes of behavior are limited, which may discourage pioneers and activists, or alter the imaginary of "eco-Fascists", utopians, or authoritarians. In analyzing the theories of action in social sciences, we also observed the importance of scales of observation: the micro-Individual level and micro-Social level (in particular domestic space and practices) cannot be analyzed alone. They are embedded in the meso- and macro-Social levels, which highlight eigenvalues and the effects of membership and social regulation in daily practices
Alonso, Ugaglia Adeline. "Une approche évolutionniste de la réduction des pesticides en viticulture". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40051/document.
Texto completoThe environmental damage caused by the intensive use of pesticides challenges the current production model in appellation wine growing. We mobilize here an evolutionary framework to understand the lack of change in vineyard phytosanitary protection despite increasing regulatory and social pressure in recent years. After analyzing grape growers’ pesticide lock-in, we consider new protection practices via the concept of environmental innovation. Our case analysis and evolutionary model allow us to show that IPM could significantly reduce pesticide use along win-win trajectories, but also that the lack of specific implementation know-how in farms hampers its adoption. We therefore highlight the importance of learning processes for pesticide reduction in grape growing. In the absence of formal R & D, growers need specialized advice and structured extension services to meet the challenge they face: producing profitable and environmentally friendly wines. Public policies can therefore be based on this result to drive the expected change in a reasonable time
Hadadah, Ali. "L'impact de l'ouverture internationale des industries polluantes sur l'environnement : vers une contestation du phénomène de "Havre de pollution"". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32051.
Texto completoFor a long time, the policies of environmental protection were accused of being the cause of important relocations, entailing the risk of the « environmental dumping » and the appearance of the phenomenon of the « pollution haven ». It is this theory that we will take issue in this thesis by demonstrating that even it is exact in exceptional cases, it is not any more in most of the cases and it is because of several mechanisms which have relation with the nature of environmental policies, the structures of the market and the intern composition of companies. We are going to study factors encouraging multinationals to relocate. In addition, we are going to demonstrate the impact of these factors on the concentration of the polluting industries and consequently on the appearance of the phenomenon of « pollution haven » (Chapter 1). Then we will explain the ineffectiveness of the public interventions to resolve the environmental issues and the necessity of the social responsibility of companies as condition of success of environmental policies (Chapter 2). Finally, we will contradict the existence of « pollution haven » and we will verify that the environmental protection and the economic competition can converge in a way that the one be the condition of the success of the other (Chapter 3)
Batisse, Julien. "Responsabilité sociétale et ancrage territorial d'une entreprise de services urbains : le cas de Lyonnaise des Eaux". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30049/document.
Texto completoIn a context of contemporary reflections on the sustainability of urban water utilities, we focus on Lyonnaise des Eaux’s corporate social responsibility strategy as a contribution to putting into words and implementing sustainable development in this sector. This work aims at analyzing on the one hand the causes, processes, goals of Lyonnaise des Eaux CSR strategy and understanding on the other hand the impact of these strategies on the company’s territorial embeddedness. CSR's territorial impetus is expressed via a global-local interaction process leading to the regionalization of Lyonnaise des Eaux CSR strategy and, its local embodiment through sustainable development projects. Based on the example of water management in the Bordeaux metropolis, we have studied and conducted two sustainable development projects within the company, one focused on water poverty management and the other focused on sustainable management of domestic water consumption. Exploring the feasibility conditions of these CSR projects highlights the opportunities for the company to meet the challenges of the territory by limiting the impact associated with its business or generate specific resources necessary for its integration into local innovation systems. The territorial approach of corporate responsibility strategy shows that it also appears as a negotiated interface used by Lyonnaise des Eaux for its adaptation and action at different scales
Lanceleur, Philippe. "L'expérience KerBabel : une aventure dans la "nouvelle" économie de la connaissance". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV050.
Texto completoThis thesis retraces the almost twenty years of the KerBabel experiment conducted within the C3ED and then REEDS, at the University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, from 2000 to the present day. We discuss the theme of the knowledge economy, through the prism of several case studies. We question the value of co-construction in a transdisciplinary approach, between the issues of sustainable development and the contribution of digital technology. In particular, we describe how an action-research process has generated many achievements, produced the deliverables required by multiple international projects, and capitalized on the results in order to achieve a global technical and digital architecture in fine.We present a selection of the different experiences where the processes of production, transfer and use of knowledge have taken place. The field of operation concerns Research and Education, and more particularly the mediation of knowledge in the field of ecological economics. The objective is to take stock of studies and projects in which digital technology has played a role. How the knowledge-digital alloy responds to the challenges of research and education, i.e. as a means of research and object of research, or as a means for education and object of education.We show how knowledge mediation and partnerships have been mobilized on case studies at various scales. We describe the multimedia learning and deliberation support systems (SMMAAD) and other creations of KerBabel teams. We describe and question in particular the successful integration of the different experiences through the online platform ePLANETe. One of the interests of this work is to testify to an exercise on long time (on a digital scale). This decline allows us to question the contribution of innovations in the information and communication technologies sectorCan they play a major role in the environmental crisis situation in which we find ourselves? We also question how the structure of the ePLANETe platform globalizes environmental, economic, educational and social issues as a response to social choice issues. In a context of climate emergency, the question of the importance of partnerships takes on a new dimension. It seems to us that the KerBabel experience provides the beginning of an original response that deserves to be adapted at a time when artificial intelligence is causing new stress, for some, or a new opportunity for the development of knowledge and partnerships, for others.Taking these varieties of opinion into account is at the heart of the multi-stakeholder and multi-criteria approaches of the KerBabel experience toolkit. This thesis proposes an immersion in this collegial adventure. After having defined the framework of the experiment, we propose a "knowledge transfer" using the very structure of the ePLANETe platform. We will therefore pass through the 6 thematic doors (or Doorways) that address each of the four spheres of sustainability. Finally, we will end with the outline of a self-assessment of the quality of the platform by...itself. This approach allows us to demonstrate the principles of genericity that are specific to it and to provide an answer through reflective experience
Bisiaux, Justine. "La transition vers l'innovation soutenable pour les entreprises industrielles : une approche par les business models : application au domaine du génie industriel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2216.
Texto completoOver the past decades, a new context in favor of sustainable development emerged. New models of consumption and production are developed. This shift from intensive innovation to sustainable innovation leads some companies to rethink their business model. However, this business model evolution requires strategic and organizational changes that some companies fail to overcome. These companies’ situations reveal a double challenge : the need to characterize sustainable innovation on the one hand and defining a strategy for disseminating sustainable innovation on the other hand.To characterize sustainable innovation, three notions are mobilized : the business model, sustainability and functionality. The results of this exploration suggest the use of the business modelas an intermediary object to promote the co-construction and the evolution of business models. The study of sustainable led us to associate functional economy - servicial business model - to eco-design- environmental design - as a declination of sustainable innovation. Functionality concept analysis revealed the complementarity of functional economy and eco-design approaches. This allows us to define new offers from the use-values point of view. The exploration of these three notions also leads to propose a paradigm shift in favor of sustainable paradigm. This paradigm shift is followed by the development and characterization of business models trajectories. These trajectories guide companies in achieving the highest levels of sustainable innovation on the long term. These theoretical results were used to develop a method called Business Model Explorer for Sustainability (BMES). The BMES method allows companies to develop sustainable business models and to define trajectories toward these business models. The method is based on the upgradability concept as operational application of sustainable innovation. The method was developed and tested with the two industrial partners of IDCyclUM project : Neopost and Rowenta. One of the main proposed research perspectives is to continue defining sustainable innovation. This concept remains indeed ambiguous and there is still no consensus about its definition at present
Tran, Nam-Quoc. "Essays on environmental performance and productivity of firms : applications to Vietnamese SMEs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAB014.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to examine the impacts of environmental performance on economic performance of firms which apply to Vietnamese SMEs. In addition, this thesis also develops a theoretical model of tax on firm’s emissions, bribery, and political connection. Chapter 2 examines the synergy effects of environmental compliance, innovation, and export activities on firm TFP. This study finds that the synergy of environmental compliance and product innovation is complementary in explaining firm’s TFP. In addition, the impact of the synergy of export activities and environmental compliance may be influenced by innovation. Chapter 3 presents the impact of these synergies on firm’s survivability. This work reveals that the synergy between environmental compliance and export activities is complementary in enhancing firm survival. The latter may be also affected by separated environmental compliance. Chapter 4 investigates the impact of environmental compliance on firm’s productivity convergence. Its findings indicate that environmental compliance may not directly affect this convergence. This impact may become to be significant if this compliance is accompanied by innovation. Finally, in Chapter 5, we develop a theoretical model of the relationship between emission tax, emissions and willingness to commit bribery and to maintain political connection of firms. The result points out that firm’s political connection canaffect emission tax efficiency. Furthermore, the impacts of tax on bribery and political connection are non-monotonous, depending upon the nature of audit and penalty mechanism, sensitivity of firm’s profit and political connection costs