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Velis, Emilio, Kate Samson, Isaac Robles y Daniel Rodríguez. "Craft and Artisan Initiatives of the Salvadoran Civil War (1980–1992)". Digital Culture & Society 6, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/dcs-2020-0103.
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Abstract This article describes the testimonies of two arts and crafts collectives during the Salvadoran Civil War in the 1980s. These collectives, open to victims and refugees of the war, emerged as creative spaces during a time of significant social unrest. As participants learned to make and produce arts and crafts, these activities encouraged individual expression and allowed them to heal traumatic experiences. By describing the aspects that motivated and discouraged the involvement of participants over time, we show how the individual and collective aspects of making are important for the sustained participation of the people who engage in maker culture. We draw comparisons between the struggles of these historical movements and of current embodiments of the maker culture, in order to draw conclusions regarding how making can be a personal catalyst in the face of social hardship, the importance of economic sustainability in maker initiatives and how unjust gender dynamics take place in these spaces. The ability to compare and learn from these historical initiatives serves to unpack maker culture as a social asset that can be described beyond the mere use of digital tools and to repurpose it as a more inclusive concept that takes into account narratives from a broader range of expressions of making.
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Amand, Léa. "Actions collectives en ligne : un acte individuel pensé pour le bien commun ?" Les Enjeux de l'information et de la communication N° 23/4, n.º 1 (2 de octubre de 2023): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/enic.034.0075.
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Les recherches sur l’action collective en ligne ont porté sur la possibilité d’une articulation entre objectifs partagés et initiatives individuelles. La nature peu astreignante voire peu consistante de celles-ci conduit parfois certain.es auteur.es à reléguer les questions de rationalité (au sens de M. Olson) et de « calcul » aux théories classiques de l’action collective. Cet article souhaite donc proposer une réflexion sur la manière dont, au sein d’actions collectives en ligne, un acte individuel peut tout à la fois s’avérer peu coûteux et malgré tout reposer sur une réflexion intentionnelle, non pas dans un état d’esprit strictement utilitariste mais orientée vers un but collectivement poursuivi. Deux modes opératoires, reposant sur des actions individuelles désireuses d’être utiles pour un projet commun, ont été extraits de notre analyse : le « porte-parole auto-désigné » et « l’astuce de l’effet cumulatif ».
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Souza, Juliana Salles de. "Educomunicação popular e periférica e o reconhecimento das periferias". Revista Extraprensa 16, Especial (28 de diciembre de 2023): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/extraprensa2023.220378.
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In spaces of non-formal education in the Latin American urban peripheries,educommunication initiatives have been carried out by communication collectives,specially from the 2010s. This context gives rise to the question: how does this typeof educommunication contributes to recognizing peripheral territories? Thus,the general aim of this work is to analyze actions of communication collectivesthat aim to at the institutional, social, political, and cultural recognition of suchterritories. The investigation was carried out with a comparative case studybetween educational processes in communication collectives in the municipalitiesof São Paulo (Brazil) and Medellín (Colombia).
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Pasquier Merino, Ayari Genevieve, Gerardo Torres Salcido, David Sébastien Monachon y Jessica Geraldine Villatoro Hernández. "Alternative Food Networks, Social Capital, and Public Policy in Mexico City". Sustainability 14, n.º 23 (6 de diciembre de 2022): 16278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316278.
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Social initiatives that seek to promote socially fairer and environmentally more sustainable food production and distribution schemes have multiplied in the last two decades. Several studies have analysed their impacts and showed high contextual variability, making visible some of their contradictions. This research is interested in Alternative Food Networks (AFNs) as spaces of political mobilisation that aim to modify the predominant food systems. The analysis focuses on the role played by social capital in the capacities and strategies of AFNs to influence the design of public policies. The research was carried out in Mexico City as part of a wither participatory action research project. It is based on participant observation and discussion groups with representatives of citizen collectives involved in agroecological food distribution. The results show that the forms of social and cultural capital are key factors in understanding the interest and capacities of AFNs to strengthen collective action. The study also identifies the importance of the initiatives’ managers as facilitators of interactions between AFNs and other entities, such as universities and civil society organisations, which can ease the influence of social initiatives in the design of public programmes.
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Wright, John David. "The Power of Convening: Towards an Understanding of Artist-Led Collective Practice as a Convener of Place". Arts 13, n.º 2 (5 de abril de 2024): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts13020067.
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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in artist-led collectives with high-profile recognition within contemporary art mega festivals, prizes, and biennials. Yet, these amorphous entities and initiatives tend to be framed either through their politically motivated actions or as a critique of the notion of the single author or ‘artist-as-genius’ mythology. This article builds upon this discourse to shift the emphasis onto both interpersonal and socio-political relationships that constitute artist-led collectives in order to explore their complex role in convening and placemaking and what this might mean for both policymaking and research.
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Meyer, Camille y Marek Hudon. "Alternative organizations in finance: Commoning in complementary currencies". Organization 24, n.º 5 (21 de agosto de 2017): 629–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508417713216.
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The commons are alternative social and economic practices for fostering community development and regeneration. While finance is increasingly criticized as a trigger for individualism, community currencies are one of the financial initiatives that aim to reorganize finance in the collective interest. We analyze to what extent these alternative systems allow finance to constitute common goods or ‘commons’. To this end, we investigate the commoning practices through which resources are created, distributed, and consumed in a way that promotes new collectives. We analyze the extent to which community currencies can be considered as commons. Our findings suggest that community currencies have strong collective attributes such as community building, as well as the insertion of solidarity and cooperative values in money. Finally, we inquire into the limits and ambiguities of community currencies to represent an alternative to the capitalist economy.
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Hepworth, Andrea. "Localised, regional, inter-regional and national memory politics: The case of Spain’s La Ranilla prison and Andalusia’s mnemonic framework". Memory Studies 14, n.º 4 (22 de junio de 2021): 856–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980211024316.
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The article takes as its point of departure the memory initiatives centring on the former Provincial Prison of Seville in Spain, better known as La Ranilla, and the Law on Historic and Democratic Memory of Andalusia, enacted by the regional government of Andalusia in March 2017. The study examines the local and inter-regional entanglement of memories of collectives, such as local neighbourhood associations, trade unions and Francoist political prisoners and their impact on regional and national memory policies. I argue that regional communities such as Andalusia and other autonomous regions have developed distinct regional collective identities and memories and are hence extending and/or opposing national memory politics by drawing on select localised, inter-regional and global paradigms, evident in the production of counter-narratives by regional governments. The study aims to provide new perspectives for understanding the combination and limitations of localised, regional, inter-regional and national memory politics in regional communities. The conclusion examines the limits to regional justice initiatives when opposing state laws such as the 1977 Amnesty Law.
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Zervou, Natalie. "Fragments of the European Refugee Crisis: Performing Displacement and the Re-Shaping of Greek Identity". TDR/The Drama Review 61, n.º 2 (junio de 2017): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram_a_00646.
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The influx of immigrant and refugee populations in Greece, in the midst of the ongoing financial crisis, has given rise to performance collectives and initiatives concerned with the integration of newcomers. Such performances have become a site for the advocacy of immigrants’ rights and engagement with the shifting urban demographic in Greece, prompting a reconsideration of national identity.
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Schneider, David, Tobias Huth, Bastian Nolte, Thomas Vietor, Steffen Heinke, Wilhelm Tegethoff, Jürgen Köhler, Ulf Kühne, Peter Eilts y Lisa Busche. "DEVELOPMENT METHOD FOR REQUIREMENT COLLECTIVES OF HYDROGEN REFUELLING STATIONS". Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (27 de julio de 2021): 1233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.123.
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AbstractIn addition to the development and research of battery-driven vehicles, a high research effort in the field of hydrogen technology can currently be observed. Various research and strategy initiatives relating to hydrogen are being initiated and pursued with considerable commitment worldwide. A significant expansion of the hydrogen filling station network is also being sought in Germany. In the course of designing a hydrogen refuelling station, the paradigms of thermal management must be taken into account in addition to a large number of different environmental and life phase-induced influencing factors. The interactions between influencing factors, requirements and the system architecture result in a multitude of possible refuelling station concepts, which can hardly be surveyed or managed from an organisational point of view. This publication introduces a method for the development of descriptive requirement collectives, which is applied to hydrogen refuelling stations in the framework of THEWA, but can also be adapted for other technical systems. The requirement collective is the first core element of the THEWA tool chain that enables a requirement-oriented and fast design of hydrogen refuelling stations.
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Dhal, Sunita, Linda Lane y Nilima Srivastava. "Women’s Collectives and Collective Action for Food and Energy Security: Reflections from a Community of Practice (CoP) Perspective". Indian Journal of Gender Studies 27, n.º 1 (febrero de 2020): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971521519891479.
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In feminist political ecological discourses, women are seen as potential initiators and actors in collective action. Gendered differential practices in sustaining certain forms of collective action within the community have remained under-researched. Women play a key role as providers of food, water, fuel and fodder. They have also gained access to alternative means of livelihood and formed groups to conserve forest resources. Women’s roles hold the potential to ensure their claim to inclusion in the development process. This article formulates a set of interrelated questions to interrogate the role of community of practice (CoP) as an analytical framework to understand informal community action led by rural women. These questions concern the significance of collective action in relation to social structures, institutions and processes. Communities practise different kinds of sustainable and shared methods of collective action; for example, women’s collectives or self-help groups continuously work to create sustainable forms of collective action. We argue that the CoP framework provides an opportunity to explore the integral social basis of collective action, which cannot be understood without acknowledging women as important agents in shaping community initiatives.
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Van Ommering, Erik y Reem el Soussi. "Space of Hope for Lebanon’s Missing". Conflict and Society 3, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2017): 168–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arcs.2017.030113.
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This article explores how a digital memorial for forcibly disappeared persons contributes to transitional justice in Lebanon. It presents the joint establishment of an interactive digital memorial by a collective of nongovernmental organizations, relatives of missing persons, and youth volunteers. The case study is situated in debates on transitional justice, calls for democratization of collective memories and archives, and discussions on new information and communication technologies. The article demonstrates how the development and launch of Fushat Amal (Space for Hope) is shaped and confined by postwar sociopolitical realities that are all but favorable to memorialization or justice-seeking initiatives. It highlights how digitalized memories can open up spaces that remain closed in the offline world, enabling survivors to share their stories, build collectives, demand recognition, and advocate for justice. At the same time, the authors discuss the limitations of digital memorials in relation to questions of access, ownership, and sustainability.
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Mendy, John. "Bouncing back from Workplace Stress: From HRD’s Individual Employee’s Developmental Focus to Multi-facetted Collective Workforce Resilience Intervention". Advances in Developing Human Resources 22, n.º 4 (25 de agosto de 2020): 353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422320946231.
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The Problem Human resource development (HRD) research has sought to demarcate a human developmental problem by identifying learning interventions through which individuals can contribute towards group and organizational growth. However, there remains the fundamental problem, which is how to go beyond individualized employee development to a more collective resilience model building against workplace stress. Such lesser effectiveness has led to financial, emotional and psycho-social costs to individuals and collectives. Based on the theoretical analysis of human capital theory, HRD research and literature are lacking in how to more effectively operationalize collective resilience against workplace stress. The Solution A multi-faceted collective workforce resilience intervention conceptual model is proposed to enable both management and employees to overcome ineffective implementation of human development and thereby bounce back from workforce stress. Four aspects of the model’s practical operationalization are proposed as steps to help the HRD community of practitioners and scholars to engrain resilience as a workplace culture in resolving stress. Implications on (1) the identification of workplace stress, (2) the effective design and operationalization of development capacities. (3) the resilience intervention initiatives, and (4) the management of collective workforce resilience are highlighted. The Stakeholders The proposed model is designed for the HRD community, including scholars, practitioners, employees and managers in related HRD contexts.
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Fagioli, Julia. "Notas em torno do cinema militante de 1960 e 1970 / Notes on the Militant Cinema of the Sixties and Seventies". Cadernos Benjaminianos 15, n.º 1 (8 de octubre de 2019): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2179-8478.15.1.79-102.
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Resumo: Neste trabalho buscamos realizar uma breve genealogia – sempre inacabada – acerca das formas como a política – especificamente sua dimensão militante e engajada – se manifesta no cinema, a partir de um recorte histórico que privilegia a produção militante e coletiva dos anos 1960 e 1970. Nesse período vários coletivos e iniciativas individuais surgiram em torno de um cinema engajado. Ao recuperar algumas dessas iniciativas, é possível retomar também as questões que elas abordavam, tais como o ato de delegar a câmera ao trabalhador, as relações entre as imagens filmadas num momento de urgência – o ponto de vista – e sua articulação na montagem, o modo de distribuição dos filmes militantes. Assim, percebemos o quanto esse momento de contestação política será também o de uma invenção formal no âmbito do cinema.Palavras-chave: cinema militante; cinema coletivo; contra-informação.Abstract: In this paper we seek to develop a genealogy – always unfinished – about the ways in which politics – specifically in its militant and engaged dimensions – manifests itself in cinema, throughout a historical frame that privileges the militant and collective production from the sixties and the seventies. During this period, several collectives and individual initiatives emerged regarding an engaged cinema. By recovering some of these initiatives it is possible to also recapture the issues that they addressed, such as the act of delegating the camera to the workers, the relations between the images made in moments of urgency – the point of view – and its assemblage in montage, the modes of distribution of the militant films. Therefore, we realize that the moment of political challenge will also be of formal invention in the scope of cinema.Keywords: militant cinema; collective cinema; counter-information.
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Hond, Ruakere, Mihi Ratima y Will Edwards. "The role of Māori community gardens in health promotion: a land-based community development response by Tangata Whenua, people of their land". Global Health Promotion 26, n.º 3_suppl (abril de 2019): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975919831603.
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For Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand, land is not only an economic foundation but an anchor for tribal identity and a spiritual base. The forced alienation of Māori land since the 1800s, due to colonisation, has distanced communities from a direct relationship with their lands. There is little published research on Māori community gardens (māra) and their potential to reconnect Māori with ancestral lands. This study explores the motivations for developing māra and examines the role of māra in Māori health promotion. The paper describes findings from kaupapa Māori research that involved interviews with seven leaders of māra initiatives. Our findings suggest that the development of māra is motivated by a desire to empower Māori collectives towards a vision of vital communities thriving as Māori. Māra provide a rich site for community development grounded in a cultural connection to ancestral land. The utilization of ancestral lands enables groups to draw on a deep sense of shared identity that is rooted in those lands and fosters an intergenerational orientation. Māra offer activity linked with ancestral knowledge, customary practices and tribal connection. They provide opportunities to practice Māori language and cultural processes in functional everyday ways, and thereby strengthen a sense of commitment to protect cultural heritage as a resource for community life. Importantly, hands-on collective activity with shared decision-making, which is characteristic of māra, fosters social cohesion and collective efficacy. Overall our findings indicate that māra are land-centred community development initiatives that fit within the parameters of Māori health promotion and have much potential to contribute to achievement of Māori health promotion outcomes.
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Popov, A. D. "Space Superhero: Formation of the Cult of Yuri Gagarin in the Context of the Relationship between Power and Society in the USSR". Вестник Пермского университета. История, n.º 3(54) (2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-3-29-37.
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Based on the archival and published documents, materials of periodicals and other sources, the article characterizes the formation of a cult of the first Soviet astronaut Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin during the period from April 12 to May 1, 1961. According to the author, the basis of this cult was put by the decisions of the supreme authorities of the USSR on a personal initiative of Nikita Khrushchev and included the following elements: 1) astronaut's rewarding with the state awards and distinctions; 2) inclusion of the first space flight date in the memorial calendar; 3) making decision on the creation of the memorial constructions connected with Gagarin’s name. On this basis, various practices, rituals, and discourses connected with Gagarin’s cult that in general corresponded to the mechanisms of personal glorification during the Stalin’s period in the 1930s and during the Great Patriotic War were built on. The local authorities, separate labor collectives and individual actors seeking to make the contribution to Gagarin's celebration actively participated in the process within the limits of their powers and opportunities. It was expressed in such forms as assignment of Gagarin’s name to various objects, generation of prizes and production initiatives, writing amateurs’ poems on the space theme for the Soviet press, etc. The USSR authorities encouraged the maximum distribution of the Gagarin’s cult throughout the country; however, various initiatives "from below" became noticed and were supported only when they promoted implementation of the consolidating, mobilizational and educational scenarios of the power.
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Leblanc, A. Boudreau y B. Williams-Jones. "Chapitre 6. Des éthiques collectives à une gestion adaptative des conflits organisationnels". Journal international de bioéthique et d'éthique des sciences Vol. 34, n.º 3 (14 de febrero de 2024): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/jibes.343.0103.
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L’idée d’une gouvernance collaborative gagne en popularité. Cependant, comment être véritablement collaboratif ? Les systèmes de prises de décision diversifiés en intervenants doivent composer avec des parties prenantes aux positions, aux rôles, aux intérêts, aux missions, aux observations et aux valeurs différents. Par sa formule facile d’utilisation pour les éthicien·ne·s professionnel·le·s, l’outil de bioéthique co P·R·I·M·O·V ( Position, Rôle, Intérêt, Mission, Observation, Valeurs ) vise à améliorer la pratique des initiatives technosociales pour un développement durable, collaboratif et démocratique. L’outil reprend la logique d’analyse des conflits d’intérêts (CI) issue des cadres en éthique organisationnelle. Les CI, comme unité analytique en éthique, permettent d’anticiper et de gérer les problèmes pouvant compromettre à court et à long termes les activités d’un programme et sa gouvernance. L’outil a été construit à la suite d’une étude de cas sur la mise en œuvre d’un monitorage de l’utilisation des antibiotiques en santé animale au Québec, Canada. L’usage de cet outil de bioéthique est stratégique et aide à la négociation des positions, puis à la coconstruction d’un référentiel commun entre les parties prenantes en vue de préparer le terrain à une gouvernance collaborative favorisant la coopération.
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Markantonatou, Maria. "Post-growth, post-democracy, post-Memoranda: What can the ‘post-growth’ debate learn from Greece and vice versa?" Anthropological Theory 21, n.º 3 (24 de enero de 2021): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463499620982121.
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The crisis in Greece in the last decade has led to a wide economic transition, raising the question of whether Greece can be understood as a kind of a ‘post-growth’ society. The article has two aims. First, it examines how the Greek crisis has been discussed within the post-growth debate and focuses on three views: Greece as a post-growth anti-paradigm, Greece as an opportunity for democratic post-growth and austerity in Greece as a path for anti-Keynesian degrowth. Second, the article examines how ideas and projects with a post-growth orientation have influenced specific social initiatives born out of the crisis period in Greece. Some of these initiatives are reviewed (self-organized social and economic collectives, grassroots initiatives for solidarity, solidarity economy actions, etc.). As further discussed in the article, these initiatives were part of a broader ‘countermovement’ (Polanyi), and they faded together with other forms of labour and social protest, in accordance with events at the central political scene, and especially SYRIZA’s adoption of Memoranda politics. It is observed that in the post-Memoranda era in Greece, although past strategies of social reproduction are either unavailable (the pre-crisis finance-led growth model) or no longer equally effective (the familistic social model) and fiscal discipline remains, the search for other alternatives, including social initiatives with a post-growth orientation, did not actually extend as was expected, due to some new growth opportunities, e.g. in the field of tourism. It is finally concluded that, although they constituted an important part of the Greek countermovement, born as responses to the crisis, these social initiatives did not manage to consolidate more permanent structures of social action that could successfully challenge the neoliberal agenda.
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Aubry, Nina. "Enjeux d’institutionnalisation de l’innovation sociale. L’exemple des schémas régionaux de développement économique d’innovation et d’internationalisation français". Canadian Journal of Regional Science 44, n.º 2 (5 de noviembre de 2021): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1083328ar.
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L’intégration de l’innovation sociale dans les schémas régionaux de développement économique d’innovation et d’internationalisation (SRDEII) en France constitue une nouvelle étape dans le processus d’institutionnalisation de l’innovation sociale. Pour en saisir les enjeux, l’article étudie les modalités d’intégration de l’innovation sociale dans ces documents. Le propos démontre à quel point le poids accordé à l’innovation sociale diffère selon les régions et dresse une typologie des modalités d’intégration de l’innovation sociale. L’article souligne la prédominance de la conception entrepreneuriale de l’innovation sociale et la faible institutionnalisation de celle dite institutionnaliste. Ce travail révèle la nécessité de (re)conceptualiser la dialectique innovation-développement pour penser les initiatives citoyennes collectives et ascendantes.
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Castella, Jean-Christophe, Guillaume Lestrelin, Sisavath Phimmasone, Hoa Tran Quoc y Pascal Lienhard. "The Role of Actor Networks in Enabling Agroecological Innovation: Lessons from Laos". Sustainability 14, n.º 6 (17 de marzo de 2022): 3550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063550.
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In this paper, we use conceptual insights from the actor–network theory (ANT) to explore the role of agroecological innovation systems (AeISs) in the reconfiguration of agricultural practices toward sustainability. AeISs are actor networks involving a diversity of individuals (e.g., farmers, traders, experts) and organizations (e.g., cooperatives, rural development agencies, teaching and research institutions) that mainstream agroecology principles and practices to enhance agroecosystems’ resilience. Their composition and structure affect the way different agents of change interact, as well as how they access, exchange, and use knowledge as they drive the adoption of specific technologies. We document seven AeISs that were active between 2005 and 2020 in the northern uplands of Laos. Within the framework of these initiatives, action research was conducted for understanding the processes underpinning diverse technical, organizational, and institutional innovations to foster an agroecological transition. Building on a comparative analysis of AeIS, we consider how agency was distributed among collectives as they reorganized in time. Our discussion highlights the importance of configuring, enlarging, and nurturing spaces in which actors are empowered to adjust and adapt, as well as to think and act collectively in complexity. Lastly, what counts in the innovation is the underlying networking process itself, i.e., the process through which all actors of the AeIS interact and exchange. Changes in the networking processes come with a changing conception of knowledge. Moving from knowledge to knowing (i.e., knowledge in the making), AeISs no longer only promote products or technologies, but also collective intelligence based on an ethic of care.
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Coryat, Diana. "Not just surviving but thriving: Practices that sustain a new generation of Latin American community media makers". Journal of Alternative & Community Media 4, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00067_1.
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Over ten years ago, two community media initiatives were founded by young people in their early twenties in Bogota, Colombia and Quito, Ecuador. While the Colombia-based collective, Ojo al Sancocho, has struggled to build bridges among urban and migratory communities uprooted by an entrenched, decades-old armed conflict, the Ecuadorian group, El Churo Comunicacin, has fostered audiovisual autonomy and resistance among indigenous, feminist and ecological social movements that have had to defend their rights even though they were supposedly guaranteed by a so-called progressive government. Despite formidable challenges, each has fulfilled a long-held dream - a community movie theater, and the expansion of a radio-based practice to a multiplicity of practices that include community filmmaking, cyberfeminism and capacity-building of communities across Ecuador and Latin America. Together with other collectives, Ojo al Sancocho and El Churo are building a network of community filmmakers across Latin America. Using each organizations 2017 annual gathering as a point of departure, and subsequent meetings in 2018-2019, this article analyzes the characteristics that have led to innovation and sustainability in diverse contexts. It also indicates key challenges they face. This is an engaged, ethnographically-based, scholarly work.
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Chen, Lihua y Yilang Chen. "A Metaorganizations Perspective on Digital Innovation and Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from China". Sustainability 15, n.º 14 (14 de julio de 2023): 11031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151411031.
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This research investigates the relationship between DI and CSR from the metaorganizational perspective. Metaorganizations represent collectives of organizations that function collectively to achieve shared goals and objectives. The study underscores the significant influence of DI on CSR initiatives, suggesting that firms should strategically align their digital innovation endeavors with their CSR objectives. Alignment between digital innovation and CSR objectives can cultivate a more integrated strategy that delivers both business and societal value. Furthermore, our findings reveal that firms operating under conditions of higher value appropriation, partner concentration, and environmental uncertainty tend to be more proactive in their CSR efforts within the DI context. This observation stems from a noticeable shift in primary focus: value creation and capture are no longer exclusive goals, but, rather, there is an increased emphasis on social benefits. This change necessitates a strategic recalibration by firms to incorporate a more robust focus on sustainability and social responsibility within their business models in the digital era. Our hypotheses are substantiated by results obtained from a longitudinal sample of Chinese listed firms. The contribution of this study is that it offers novel insight into the interplay between digital innovation and CSR through the lens of metaorganizations.
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Yatskevych, Ivan. "Reforming Legislation on Collective Labour Relations Engaging Trade Union as a Party". NaUKMA Research Papers. Law 6 (15 de febrero de 2021): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-2607.2020.6.57-72.
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The paper covers problematic issues of reforming the legislation on collective labour relations with the participating trade union representing the interests and defending the rights of employees, consisting in a workers’ collective, during collective bargaining, concluding a collective agreement, holding a social dialogue on the local level. The article contains an analysis of a draft legislation such as draft laws On Labour, On Amending Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine (Regarding Certain Issues of Trade Unions’ Activity), On Amending the Law of Ukraine On Collective Agreements and Contracts in order to reveal the main trends of the proposed drafts, their scientific analysis, and producing own conclusions regarding impact of these draft laws upon the efficiency of the trade unions movement in Ukraine.The study of the proposed amendments to certain legislative acts as well as corresponding conclusions are made in observance of the current trends in the development of judicial application of legislative provisions on the preferential right of a unit trade union to represent a collective’s interests during collective bargaining regarding concluding or amending a collective agreement at an enterprise or institution. The paper contains a discussion on problematic (from a perspective of legal exercising and research) issues of the current legislative provisions on the safeguarding implementation of trade unions competence conformity to the Constitution of Ukraine, ILO Convention No. 87, and the recent case-law.The accordance of principles of rule of law and legality, representation, and efficient representing of workers’ collective interests during the in-court dispute resolution regarding representing the collective of workers and accession to an effective collective agreement is highlighted.In the conclusion it is stated that there is a negative trend on further deterioration of the trade unions’ position as representatives of labour collectives empowered with representative and defensive functions in relations with employers. Besides that, it is stressed that adoption and implementation of the argued legislative initiatives will eventually cause deepening the crisis of trade unionism and deteriorating of social standards. It will make a negative impact on a person’s social security in the state. There are grounds to assert forming case-law acknowledging works councils as equally authorized representatives of the workers’ collective in collective bargaining. In the meantime, the practice of rejection of new trade union’s units to join an effective collective agreement within the employer’s enterprise persists. It is concluded with the necessity to improve the system of normative safeguards for the trade unions activity and creating an efficient mechanism for countering abuse of rights, including safeguarding provisions, by parties of collective labour relations.
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Masson-Diez, Évangeline, Oriane Sebillotte y Marjorie Gerbier-Aublanc. "Genre et race dans les relations d’hospitalité". Cahiers du Genre 75, n.º 2 (17 de enero de 2024): 257–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cdge.075.0257.
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Depuis 2015, des initiatives individuelles et collectives se développent pour pallier l’urgence ou le manque de réponses institutionnelles à la situation des exilé·es dans différents domaines : les distributions alimentaires, l’accompagnement administratif et juridique, et plus récemment, l’hébergement chez soi d’exilé·es. Les terrains socio-ethno-graphiques mobilisés dans cet article mettent en évidence que les accueillis sont principalement des hommes d’Afrique subsaharienne tandis que les femmes blanches sont sur-représentées parmi les accueillant·es. Partant de cette réalité, ce texte interroge la manière dont les rapports sociaux de genre, de race et d’âge façonnent l’accueil au quotidien. Les protagonistes de l’accueil, dans leurs interactions, visent à normaliser et rendre possible l’hospitalité, en négociant d’une part les relations d’altérité et, d’autre part, les rapports de séduction qui émergent souvent d’un foyer et d’une intimité partagés.
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Orpana, Heather, M. Chawla, E. Gallagher y E. Escaravage. "Élaboration d’indicateurs pour l’évaluation des collectivités-amies des aînés au Canada : démarche et résultats". Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada 36, n.º 10 (octubre de 2016): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.36.10.02f.
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Introduction En 2006, l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) a lancé le projet mondial « Villes-amies des aînés » afin de favoriser un vieillissement actif. Si un grand nombre d’initiatives « amies des aînés » ont été mises en oeuvre au Canada, on dispose de peu d’information sur l’efficacité et les résultats des initiatives des collectivités-amies des aînés (CAA). En outre, les intervenants affirment qu’ils n’ont pas la capacité et les outils nécessaires pour élaborer et réaliser des évaluations relatives à leurs initiatives de CAA. Afin de pallier ces lacunes, l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada a mis au point des indicateurs pour l’évaluation des initiatives de CAA dans de nombreuses collectivités canadiennes. Ces indicateurs, destinés à répondre aux différents besoins des collectivités, ne sont pas conçus pour faire l’évaluation de répercussions collectives ou pour rendre possible une comparaison entre collectivités. Méthodologie Une démarche de consultation itérative fondée sur des données probantes a été employée pour l’élaboration d’indicateurs relatifs aux CAA. Elle a nécessité une revue de la littérature et une analyse du contexte. Deux rondes de consultation auprès d’experts et d’intervenants clés ont été menées, ce qui a permis de classer les indicateurs potentiels en fonction de leur importance, de leur capacité à être mis en pratique et de leur faisabilité. Une liste définitive d’indicateurs et de mesures potentielles a ensuite été mise au point, en fonction des résultats de ces consultations et de considérations clés relatives aux politiques. Résultats Trente-neuf indicateurs répartis en huit domaines relevant des CAA et quatre indicateurs relevant des résultats liés à la santé et aux conditions sociales à long terme ont été sélectionnés. Tous sont conformes à l’objectif énoncé, à savoir l’évaluation des initiatives de CAA à l’échelon local. Un guide convivial est disponible pour soutenir et diffuser ce travail. Conclusion Les indicateurs de CAA sont susceptibles d’aider les collectivités à procéder à l’évaluation de leurs initiatives amies des aînés, ce qui constitue la dernière étape du cycle des jalons pancanadiens des CAA. Les collectivités sont en effet encouragées à améliorer leurs initiatives amies des aînés à partir de l’évaluation de leurs résultats, afin d’en faire profiter un large éventail de Canadiens.
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Haring, Rodney. "Abstract IA017: Two-row wampum & Indigenous cancer care services: Building respectful parallels of sovereignty along the cancer care continuum." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de enero de 2023): IA017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp22-ia017.
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Abstract Quality-improvement (QI) roundtables collected shared voice of Indigenous and non-Indigenous cancer care providers working in and around ancestrally related Native Nations—Canada—USA. Findings were coupled with triangulated, aggregated, and de-identified Centers for Disease Control, Indian Health Services, and New York state information. Collectively, results spoke to the journey of Indigenous communities across the cancer care continuum, translating QI initiatives into community change via Indigenous patient navigation services wrapped in a framework of historical Wampum agreements between Indigenous Nations, Canada, and the United States. Outcomes discuss building cancer care collectives, translational QI methods towards in-person and virtual health care, and innovative grass-roots partnerships towards creative community outreach, engagement, and education. A short video documenting this QI journey was co-created with Indigenous film makers and US-based cancer center media and will be screened. Citation Format: Rodney Haring. Two-row wampum & Indigenous cancer care services: Building respectful parallels of sovereignty along the cancer care continuum. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA017.
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Kumari, Sunita y Bino Paul G.D. "Scoping Social Entrepreneurship in India: Organisation, Technology, and Collaboration". GIS Business 2, n.º 1 (26 de febrero de 2007): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v2i1.5139.
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We explore emerging contexts of social entrepreneurship in India. Social entrepreneurship is emerging as an important option in poverty reduction and social change wherein organizing societal responses to scenarios like entrenched deprivation, cumulative disadvantages, long extant institutional lock-in, and vulnerabilities enmeshed in social stratification, hiatus emanating from segmentation of labour market and inadequate coverage of social protection form the core of strategies/collectives/organisation. In this paper, first, drawing cues from the literature, we outline basic typology of social entrepreneurship while delineating pivotal role technology and collaboration play in social entrepreneurship. Second, we provide a glimpse of not profit organisations in India, based on the secondary data. We juxtapose select patterns from the data on non profit organisations with human development. Third, we discuss select cases of social entrepreneurship that diverge in characteristics and contexts, in particular how these initiatives work towards poverty reduction and social development.
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Association Écologie au Quotidien. "Les Rencontres de Die". EcoRev' N° 55, n.º 2 (28 de diciembre de 2023): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ecorev.055.0179.
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L'association Écologie au Quotidien œuvre depuis 2003 dans le Diois, une région naturelle et historique de France située dans le département de la Drôme. Ses actions visent à développer la prise de conscience de la nécessité de modifier nos modes de vie et nos comportements pour éviter une catastrophe écologique majeure au niveau mondial. Depuis la création de l’association, les Rencontres de Die sont un temps fort de son travail ayant pour objet de sensibiliser sur l'impact de nos modes de vie et comportements sur l'environnement, la santé et la société ; de proposer des alternatives à la portée de chacun à travers conférences, ateliers, films, débats, visites… ; et d'impulser des initiatives, des projets, des actions concrètes individuelles et collectives. Les 22e Rencontres de Die et de la Biovallée, sur le thème « Agir pour le vivant », auront lieu du jeudi 25 au dimanche 28 janvier 2024 en Drôme dans la Biovallée 1 .
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Burkey, Brant. "Total Recall: How Cultural Heritage Communities Use Digital Initiatives and Platforms for Collective Remembering". Journal of Creative Communications 14, n.º 3 (7 de octubre de 2019): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973258619868045.
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This article argues that digital heritage initiatives, where cultural heritage institutions offer more interactive possibilities with their digital collections through multimodal platforms and social media applications, provide new territory for memory scholars to explore how heritage communities collectively remember in the digital age. Through in-depth interviews and participant observations of practitioners and participants from three cultural heritage institutions, the findings show that digital heritage initiatives offer new circumstances and venues to observe, interpret, and research collective remembering, as well as illustrate how heritage communities can use these multimodal platforms as means for sharing collective remembrance.
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Artal-Tur, Andres, Antonio Juan Briones-Peñalver, Juan Andrés Bernal-Conesa y Oscar Martínez-Salgado. "Rural community tourism and sustainable advantages in Nicaragua". International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, n.º 6 (10 de junio de 2019): 2232–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-05-2018-0429.
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Purpose Rural community tourism (RCT) represents an experience of community-based tourism where local population retains control over the process and the bulk of benefits. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the study of successful RCT experiences in Nicaragua to enlarge the literature of tourism sustainability. Design/methodology/approach Applying the resource-based theory of the firm to tourism, the paper defines a theoretical framework where local resources and capabilities combined through organization and strategic actions result in competitive advantages at the community level reinforcing its sustainable dimension. The model is tested empirically through Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) modelling for Nicaraguan RCT experiences. Findings Main findings show a good performance of empirical results, with the community dimension representing the cornerstone of the RCT project. Results remark how the presence of community tangible and intangible resources and capabilities are combined and exploited in tourism initiatives through strategies that put the preservation of the community as the central objective. This process leads to the emergence of competitive advantages that promote the sustainability of the community lifestyle, ensuring a durable approach of the rural tourism initiatives. Other interesting findings show how this type of RCT projects also promote the integration of weak rural collectives, like women and young people, or the pivotal cooperation emerging between public and private actors. Originality/value The paper provides a novel framework to better understand some of the key pieces ensuring the sustainability of tourism initiatives. This theoretical setting has been applied to the case of rural areas at developing countries but could be enlarged to other contexts at developed countries having to deal with mass tourism and important related negative impacts of these activities. In sum, the main value of the paper is to provide a framework helping to identify the context that is needed to implement successful sustainable tourism experiences.
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Trivellato, Francesca. "Salaires Et Justice Dans Les Corporations Vénitiennes Au 17e Siècle Le Cas Des Manufactures De Verre". Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 54, n.º 1 (febrero de 1999): 245–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1999.279743.
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Comment s'établissaitétablissait le salaire dans un marché du travail corporatif et spécialisé ? Existait-il une rétribution moyenne ou modale pour chaque catégorie de travailleurs ? Quel rôle jouait la justice civile quand elle réglementait les rapports de travail et les niveaux des salaires ? Cette recherche voudrait répondre à ces questions à propos des maîtres et des compagnons des verreries de Murano entre 1638 et 1692, questions qui sont en fait récurrentes dans toute enquête sur le travail urbain pendant l'Ancien Régime.Les caractéristiques du système de rétribution en vigueur à Murano incitent à s'éloigner des interprétations que l'historiographie propose au sujet des salaires des maçons à l'époque préindustrielle, réorientant l'attention sur la négociation salariale et ses pratiques — autant individuelles que collectives — qui gouvernaient le marché du travail artisanal. A leur tour, les initiatives des corporations et des magistrats vénitiens concernant la formation du salaire soulèvent le problème de la relation entre les ordres économique, corporatif et juridique.
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Niesen, Peter. "Introduction: Resistance, disobedience or constituent power? Emerging narratives of transnational protest". Journal of International Political Theory 15, n.º 1 (4 de noviembre de 2018): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755088218808065.
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Transnational social movements, campaigns and individual activists have described their activities in the traditional vocabularies of political dissent: as protest, opposition, contestation, dissidence or rebellion. Where strategies have involved illegal, well-publicised activities, the vocabularies of resistance and of civil disobedience have become an activist lingua franca. What all such descriptions have in common is that they paint a largely defensive picture of activist aims and self-understandings. In contrast, the emergence of the ‘global constitutionalist’ paradigm in international law and politics has re-introduced the category of constituent power. Transnational initiatives such as the Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 (DiEM25) have begun to frame their activities in a ‘constitutive’ and less in a ‘reactive’ language. When countering the challenges of cross-border domination, new collectives may grasp the chance for extra-institutional self-activation. The special issue aims to assess and compare the features and the various strengths and weaknesses of the respective languages of contestatory and constitutive politics.
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Davis, Lexington. "Creating a “Feminist Nation”". Feminist Media Histories 9, n.º 4 (2023): 108–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fmh.2023.9.4.108.
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Drawing on archival records, oral histories, and the 1970s underground press, this article retraces the history of International Videoletters, a feminist video exchange network that operated from 1975 to 1977. Though primarily based in the United States, the network expressed global aspirations to transform the televisual landscape, a goal it shared with other activist video collectives of the era. However, in contrast to many male-led guerrilla television groups, International Videoletters prioritized its independence from broadcast television, structuring its network instead as an autonomous, women-run media system. I argue that by emphasizing the relationship between video producers and viewers through nonhierarchical organizational structures, independent distribution systems, and dynamic feedback sessions, International Videoletters fostered a feminist counterpublic committed to transforming media representation of women. Through analysis of the network’s operations and output, this article asserts the centrality of grassroots feminist media initiatives like International Videoletters to the history of guerrilla television, where they have largely been overlooked.
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Uca, Lena. "Deutsch sein ist divers : über die Mehrdimensionalität und Fluidität der Zuordnung "deutsch sein" sowie die Bedeutsamkeit der Thematisierung der Opfer von rechter Gewalt im DaF/DaZ-Unterricht". Brünner Beiträge zur Germanistik und Nordistik, n.º 2 (2023): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/bbgn2023-2-10.
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"Blind in your right eye, because you won't see it" is a line from the song "Fair" by the rapper Nura. The question that arises is whether teachers of German as a foreign or second language remain blind in the right eye if topics like right-wing violence, racism, and discrimination are excluded from the classroom in order to construct a positive image of Germany. The question is: What does it mean to be German, and how do we determine that? These questions are part of a discourse on cultural learning and the consideration of which topics and depictions of culture are given space in the learning environment. One aim of the article is to provide teachers with ideas about the issue and how to integrate it into the classroom. The topic of right-wing violence can be overwhelming and heavy. Even though, artists, initiatives, and collectives like Nura and Datteltäter can provide empowering impulses for a diverse society.
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Corley, Christopher R. "Errance et abandon : La recirculation des enfants pauvres de Dijon". Revue d’histoire de l’enfance « irrégulière » N° 20, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2018): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhei.020.0201.
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Des recherches récentes sur les familles européennes du début des temps modernes ont souligné le caractère malléable de ces familles, de même que la mobilité frappante des populations de l’époque préindustrielle. Il semblerait que les ménages reconstitués à la suite du décès ou du départ d’un parent étaient beaucoup plus fréquents que l’on aurait pu le croire. La circulation des jeunes est une composante importante de ces états de fait. Un examen des jeunes circulant autour de l’hôpital général de Dijon au xviiie siècle nous permet d’observer l’émergence de la doctrine in loco parentis au sein des populations préindustrielles. Ce mouvement de jeunes orphelins, abandonnés ou errants, n’est pas nécessairement indicateur d’un échec de la part des familles. À n’en pas douter, les systèmes mis en place pour surveiller et faire circuler ces jeunes constituaient des initiatives collectives capables de tenir compte à la fois des intérêts des plus pauvres familles de Dijon et des résidents les plus privilégiés de la ville.
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Myles, David y Daniel Trottier. "Leveraging Visibility, Gaining Capital? Social Media Use in the Fight Against Child Abusers: The Case of The Judge Beauce". Social Media + Society 3, n.º 1 (enero de 2017): 205630511769199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2056305117691998.
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This article examines the constitutive role of mediated visibility in the emergence of contemporary vigilante initiatives. Here, visibility is conceptualized as a “heuristic device” to understand social phenomena, as well as a lever for organizations to acquire various forms of capital. The article uses the case of The Judge Beauce—a Canadian organization created in 2015 to fight against child abusers—to understand how vigilante collectives can lever mediated visibility, and online visibility in particular, to acquire specific forms of policing capital (economic, social, political, and cultural). Results show that mediated visibility was indeed crucial for raising funds, constituting vigilant/e publics, and defining vigilante identities, relations, and practices. Yet, as a “double-edged sword,” mediated visibility brought on public scrutiny that simultaneously resulted in a series of liabilities. Finally, this article contends that vigilantism in the digital age should be defined as the enactment of power im(balances) through the instrumentalization of mediated visibility rather than considering force or the threat of its use as its main feature.
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Teisserenc, Pierre. "Politique de développement local : la mobilisation des acteurs". Sociétés contemporaines 18-19, n.º 2-3 (1 de septiembre de 1994): 187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/soco.p1994.18n1.0187.
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Résumé L 'article étudie plusieurs initiatives ayant affecté différents territoires français et donné corps à des politiques de développement local. La première partie traite du processus de transformation et de mobilisation de tout ou partie de la population et distingue trois phases, aboutissant à l'existence d'une masse critique de projets rendant possible un développement plus soutenu et plus autonome. La seconde partie comporte une réflexion sur les identités collectives qui permettent d'expliquer le développement du partenariat autour de projets locaux. L 'enjeu des politiques de développement local étant l 'organisation d 'une société locale de service, l 'article précise, en se référant à différents travaux et en particulier à ceux de Denis Segrestin, la manière dont se constitue sur chacun des territoires concernés une communauté-société au sein de laquelle des régulations socio-économiques spécifiques permettent de suppléer aux régulations macro-économiques et macro-sociales de la société de production. La mobilisation devient alors possible grâce à l 'émergence d'une nouvelle figure d'acteurs : le citoyen acteur de développement.
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López-Campos, G., V. López-Alonso y F. Martin-Sanchez. "Training Health Professionals in Bioinformatics". Methods of Information in Medicine 49, n.º 03 (2010): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me09-02-0008.
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Summary Background: Genomic technologies and particularly bioinformatics have significantly changed biomedical research along the last decade and are being recognized as potential methods for application also in medical practice and public health. There exists a growing need for different collectives of the healthcare sector to receive training in the methods, tools and databases related with these new areas. Objectives: This paper describes the teaching experience of our department during the last ten years and analyzes past activities designed for teaching bioinformatics to different groups of health professionals. We aim to illustrate the main lessons learned and offer useful clues to other groups interested in setting up training initiatives in bioinformatics for health professionals. Methods: The group selected several methodologies for the training activities (“face-to-face”, online/e-learning) on the basis of three criteria: 1) the target collective, 2) the contents of the course, and 3) its length. Courses were evaluated and the results are hereby presented and discussed. Results: National and international training courses on bioinformatics, biomedical informatics and genomics were developed according to specific requirements defined by the profile of each of the targeted health professional group. These activities provided the students with the necessary skills for better understanding the use of bioinformatics tools and databases and the appropriate way of applying them into specific health domains. Conclusions: The increasing demand of training courses in new technologies related to genomics and bioinformatics by health professionals provides a good opportunity for the development of tailored courses based on their specific needs, expectations and demands geared to bridge the gap between research and practice and facilitating their everyday work.
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Habibi, Zaki. "Participatory as everyday life: from creativity-based initiative to the production of networked space in Southeast Asian cities". Asian Journal of Media and Communication 1, n.º 2 (26 de diciembre de 2017): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/asjmc.vol1.iss2.art3.
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The notion of creative city has been extensively discussed both in academic debate as well as public discourse, including on Asian context. However, a tendency to study only on strategic government policies in relation to this matter has led many multidimensional aspects being left behind. One of these important aspects is the creativity-based activities initiated and conducted by local groups, communities, or collectives on a daily basis apart from so-called the official city programmes. This paper that derives from participatory paradigm takes into account this kind of practice, and seek the meanings of participatory culture as everyday life in urban context. The participatory initiatives discussed in this paper as the empirical cases are “Tobucil & Klabs†in Bandung, Indonesia and the street arts in George Town, Penang, Malaysia. Considering the current context that participation is getting more mediated (Livingstone, 2013), I employ digital ethnography and documentary photography as the methodological standpoints to understand the digital media practices – i.e. online engagement – that also intertwine with the offline engagement in these two particular cases. I argue, the creativity-based initiatives in these two Southeast Asian cities lead to new insight in understanding media and creativity in current Asia. Additionally, informed by the work of Henri Lefebvre on “social space†and developed it further, I also argue that this certain participatory culture lead to the production of networked space in relation to city identities. This could contribute in forming a new theoretical model in understanding the interplay between media, participation, and urban cultures in digital era.Keywords: City identity, creativity; digital ethnography; digital media; documentary photography; everyday life; networked space; participation; Southeast Asia.
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Tavoras, Vilius y Gailė Kvedaravičiūtė. "Expression of Leadership in Practical Activities of Leader of Artistic Collective". Pedagogika 115, n.º 3 (10 de septiembre de 2014): 221–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2014.039.
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Following the experience of Lithuanian and foreign educational researchers, this article analyses the expression of leadership in practical activities of the leader of artistic collective. The role and purpose of leadership in practical activities of the leader of artistic collective are also revealed, peculiarities of expression of leadership skills are identified and the most important strategies for development of expression of leadership skills are highlighted.
The problem of the research: how practical activities may influence spread of leadership of artistic collective’s leader and what kind of influence this may be.
The object of the research: leadership of artistic collective’s leader and its expression in practical activities.
The aim of the research: to reveal peculiarities of expression of leadership of artistic collective leader in practical activities.
The methods of research: analysis of scientific literature, description (model) of expression of leader’s skills, questionnaire survey, calculation of absolute and percentage values.
Conclusions:
Following the analysis of scientific literature, the leadership in this article is defined as an influence process, which is manifested in practical activities through communication and collaboration, initiative, reflectivity and personal qualities. The developed and scientifically substantiated model of expression of leadership of artistic collective’s leader consists of the following components: communication and collaboration, which is expressed through ability to work in a team; expeditious informing about the conducted activity, its situation and changes; efficient conflict resolution; initiative, which is manifested in formulation and presentation of vision and goals; organisation of activities; consistency of activities; reflectivity, which is expressed through professional development; reaction to feedback and self-assessment; personal qualities, which are realised through charisma, inspiration and determination.
1. Leadership of artistic collective’s leader are strongest revealed in practical activities through communication and collaboration (52.4 % of the leaders are able to understand importance of collaboration of collective members and 72.4 % of them understand peculiarities of socialpsychological maturity of the collective) and initiative (almost every second leader (48.2 %) is able to set high and ambitious goals to oneself and members of the collective and the majority of them (71.2 %) are frequently successful in searching for new kinds of activities and implementing them).
Least frequently leadership of artistic collective’s leaders is expressed through reflectivity. Occasionally only almost half of the leaders in the research (48.6 %) succeed in analysing achievements and progress of the collectives and 45.7 % of the leaders are able to analyse causes of behavior and to react efficiently. More than third of the respondents (39.5 %) only sometimes manage to apply the principle of experiential learning: to discuss its effect on members of the collective.
The revealed peculiarities of leadership skills enabled to establish the key strategies for development of expression of leadership of artistic collective’s leader: 1) deeper reflection of activities, 2) development of collaboration, 3) self-development of personal features, 4) encouragement of initiative at all the levels of activities.
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Erb, Tara y Krista Stelkia. "Best Practices to Support the Self-Determination of Indigenous Communities, Collectives, and Organizations in Health Research through a Provincial Health Research Network Environment in British Columbia, Canada". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n.º 15 (4 de agosto de 2023): 6523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20156523.
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In Canada, the health research funding landscape limits the self-determination of Indigenous peoples in multiple ways, including institutional eligibility, priority setting, and institutional structures that deprioritize Indigenous knowledges. However, Indigenous-led research networks represent a promising approach to transforming the funding landscape to better support the self-determination of Indigenous peoples in health research. The British Columbia Network Environment for Indigenous Health Research (BC NEIHR) is one of nine Indigenous-led networks across Canada that supports research leadership among Indigenous (First Nations, Métis, and Inuit) communities, collectives, and organizations (ICCOs). In this paper, we share three best practices to support the self-determination of ICCOs in health research based on three years of operating the BC NEIHR: (1) creating capacity-bridging initiatives to overcome funding barriers; (2) building relational research relationships with ICCOs (“people on the ground”); and (3) establishing a network of partnerships and collaborations to support ICCO self-determination. Supporting the self-determination of ICCOs and enabling them to lead their own health research is a critical pathway toward transforming the way Indigenous health research is funded and conducted in Canada.
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Li, Qirui. "Resilience Thinking as a System Approach to Promote China’s Sustainability Transitions". Sustainability 12, n.º 12 (18 de junio de 2020): 5008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125008.
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Urban regeneration and rural revitalization are becoming major policy initiatives in China, which requires new approaches for sustainability transitions. This paper reviewed the history of policy reforms and institutional changes and analysed the main challenges to sustainability transitions in China. The urban-rural systems were defined as a complex dynamic social-ecological system based on resilience thinking and transition theory. The notions of adaptation and transformation were applied to compose a framework to coordinate “resilience” with “sustainability”. The findings indicate that China’s urbanization has experienced the conservative development of restructuring socio-economic and political systems (before 1984), the fast industrialization and economic development leaned to cities (1984 to 2002), the rapid urbanization led by land expropriation and investment expansion (2002 to 2012), and the quality development transformation equally in urban and rural areas (since 2012). The sustainability transitions have been challenged by controversial institutional arrangements, concerning population mobility control, unequal social welfare, and incomplete property rights. A series of policy interventions should be designed and implemented accordingly with joint efforts of multiple stakeholders and based on the combined technocratic and bottom-up knowledge derived from proactive and conscious individuals and collectives through context-dependent social networks.
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Favreau, Louis. "Coopération internationale de proximité. Histoire, fondements et enjeux actuels des OCI du Québec". Globe 12, n.º 1 (9 de febrero de 2011): 17–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1000768ar.
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La mondialisation néolibérale représente indiscutablement une tendance forte et durable. Mais la trajectoire de cette mondialisation des sociétés n’est pas à sens unique. En effet, un mouvement citoyen international a ouvert une brèche, notamment à partir du Forum social mondial et de l’émergence de nouveaux réseaux internationaux, dont ceux des organisations et des entreprises collectives (coopératives, mutuelles et associations). Le Québec est très engagé dans ces nouvelles dynamiques de coopération au développement : l’Union des producteurs agricoles (UPA), la CSN et la FTQ, le Mouvement Desjardins, etc. C’est aussi une cinquantaine d’organisations de coopération internationale (OCI) québécoises — regroupées au sein de l’Association québécoise des organisations de coopération internationale (AQOCI) — qui travaillent, bon an mal an, avec l’apport de centaines de coopérants, sur place dans les pays du Sud et au Québec, à l’organisation des communautés et à l’animation de projets de développement. Non seulement des initiatives locales et bilatérales ont-elles pris forme depuis deux ou trois décennies dans le cadre d’une coopération internationale de proximité, mais le Québec est aussi porteur d’initiatives Nord-Sud d’envergure internationale. Le présent texte analyse ce parcours qui se dessine depuis 50 ans.
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Manikowska, Ewa. "The Challenge of the Heritage of Protest Movements". Culture Unbound 14, n.º 2 (7 de julio de 2022): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.3982.
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This article analyses the challenge of collecting the heritage of present-day global protest movements, which are shaped and influenced by digital practices. In focus of the analysis are the mass-street demonstrations which took place in cities all over Poland in 2020 and 2021 to denounce the ruling of the Constitutional Tribunal imposing a near-total ban on abortion (the “women’s rebellion”). Considered as the largest social protests since the fall of communism in 1989, they have engendered several spontaneous documenting and collecting initiatives. The aims and outcomes of such projects, launched by Polish museums, NGOs, artistic collectives, etc. will be juxtaposed in this article with similar ventures aimed at collecting and archiving the global social movements of the twenty first century and examined as the first Polish examples of Rapid Response Collecting (RRC). This article, by analysing the recent RRC projects of the 2020/21 protests against the abortion ban in Poland, aims to inscribe them in the current discussions on the preservation of digital heritage. While pointing out definitional issues with digital heritage, my analysis also demonstrates the need to integrate and interrelate digital heritage within the wider framework of cultural heritage, its preservation and institutionalisation.
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Yuille, Andy. "Performing legitimacy in neighbourhood planning: Conflicting identities and hybrid governance". Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, n.º 7-8 (21 de mayo de 2020): 1367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654420925823.
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Neighbourhood planning in the UK is a striking example of the international turn to localism and public participation, the statutory weight afforded to it setting it apart from many other initiatives. Its promoters portray it as a straightforward transfer of power from state to community. However, its legitimacy relies upon complex, hybrid forms of representative, participatory and epistemological authority. A growing literature is interrogating the relations between neighbourhood planning groups – the collectives utilising these new powers – and the neighbourhoods for which they speak. This paper brings empirical evidence forward to build on such work by exploring how the identities of neighbourhood planning groups are constituted. Three different and sometimes conflicting relational identities are characterised. Each identity is associated with particular material relations, types of knowledge and ways of representing the neighbourhood, and consequently produces different forms of legitimacy. Analysing identities in this way aids understanding of the practices through which legitimacy is achieved in experiments in democracy that rely on hybrid forms of authority. It may also open possibilities for intervention that speak to some of the concerns raised in the literature about these hybrid forms.
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Anderson, James K. y Noah J. Springer. "Zapatismo as a Resonant Public Pedagogy". Latin American Perspectives 45, n.º 3 (21 de marzo de 2018): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x18766903.
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As a critical pedagogy similar to the type described by the philosopher-educator Paulo Freire, Zapatismo expresses resistance to the power-over relationships institutionalized in capitalism and the state through open-ended questioning. Previous analyses have argued that the Zapatista struggle has been incommunicable, that it can be defined in terms of new media, that Zapatismo advances a Leninist ideology, and that its resonance is rhizo-matic. A challenge to these assumptions drawing on negative dialectics suggests that, as prefiguration of other worlds beyond the neoliberal reality, Zapatismo resonates because it teaches the recovery of democracy by direct collective decision making and horizontal organization and communication. Philosophical inquiry shows that Zapatismo has recollected the radical imaginary and resonated through the Independent Media Center network and Occupy Wall Street and continues to be borrowed and adapted by Occupy offshoots, anticapitalist collectives, and ongoing initiatives. Como una pedagogía crítica similar a aquella descrita por el filósofo y educador Paulo Freire, el Zapatismo expresa resistencia a las relaciones de poder institucionalizadas en el capitalismo y el Estado a través de preguntas abiertas. Análisis previos argumentan que la lucha zapatista no ha sido comunicable, que puede definirse en términos de nuevos medios, que promueve una ideología leninista, y que cuenta con resonancia rizomática. Un desafío a todas estas suposiciones basadas en una dialéctica negativa sugiere que, como prefiguración de otros mundos más allá de la realidad neoliberal, el Zapatismo resuena porque enseña cómo recuperar la democracia mediante la toma de decisiones colectivas directas y la organización y comunicación horizontal. Una investigación filosófica da muestra de que el Zapatismo ha recobrado el imaginario radical y resonado a través de la red del Centro de Medios Independientes y Occupy Wall Street. También, que aún es tomado en préstamo y adaptado por Occupy, grupos anticapitalistas, y otras iniciativas en curso.
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Richards, Harriette. "Practices of cultural collectivity: Style activism, Miromoda and Māori fashion in Aotearoa New Zealand". Critical Studies in Fashion & Beauty 12, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2021): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/csfb_00024_1.
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Familiar narratives of fashion history in Aotearoa New Zealand recount the successes of Pākehā (New Zealand European) designers who have forged a distinctive fashion industry at the edge of the world. This narrative overlooks the history of Māori fashion cultures, including the role of ‘style activism’ enacted by political figures such as Whetu Tirikatene-Sullivan and collectives such as the Pacific Sisters who advanced the status of Māori and Pasifika design in the twentieth century. It also ignores the changing nature of the New Zealand fashion industry today. One of the most significant recent initiatives to alter perceptions of fashion in Aotearoa New Zealand has been Miromoda, the Indigenous Māori Fashion Apparel Board (IMFAB), established in 2008. By championing the work of Māori fashion designers and prioritizing the values of te ao Māori (the Māori world-view), Miromoda is successfully contributing to the ‘decolonization’ of the New Zealand fashion industry. This article foregrounds practices of cultural collectivity, including that of style activists such as Tirikatene-Sullivan and the Pacific Sisters, and Māori fashion designers such as Kiri Nathan, Tessa Lont (Lontessa) and Bobby Campbell Luke (Campbell Luke), to explore the expansion of a more affirmative fashion future in Aotearoa New Zealand.
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Dhal, Sunita. "Rural Women’s Response to Climate Change: An Exploratory Study of Women’s Grassroot Network in Odisha". Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 15, n.º 3 (3 de mayo de 2024): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v15.i3.8755.
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The emergence of Feminist Political Ecological (FPE) position allows to rethink about social institutions like Self Help Groups (SHGs) as foundations for building green movements through everyday practice. The collective voice that has helped them emerge economically self-sufficient is reflected in their decision making, when the larger cause of climate change or environmental decision-making are involved. It is time that their actions permeating the ecology and environment gains credence and such coalitions provide ground as movements for achieving the larger collective agenda. Idea of SHGs as social capital helped the marginalized women create different ‘gendered subjectivities’ and endowed them with a collective voice, be it conservation of their own ecological settings or confronting the social system. The case of Climate Credit Pilot Project and/or conservation of indigenous seed varieties in remote villages of Odisha bear testimony to women’s consciousness regarding climate mitigation initiatives and the meaningful actions associated with environmental justice. Such interventions show that the embedment of economic, social and cultural values of SHG groups align with their instinct for attaining a larger goal of environment protection through household and community level actions. The gendered subjectivities including increased social consciousness among women, better access to new information, up-skilling has made them better and enlightened decision makers. The practice of joint or consensual action by SHG collectives enable them to address multi-scalar issues like climate change. However, the broader agenda of social and economic empowerment has to align with their decision making power relating to their immediate ecology and environment. In this context, the proposed study will probe emerging social consciousness of women on climate change issues, while examining their larger environmental responsibility in local situation, wherein the women remain at the receiving end. This is a field-based exploratory study of women from subsistence and indigenous communities of three districts in Odisha which interrogates the role of SHGs in creating a social space for women to engage with the question of environmental decision making. The study intends to analyse the field data in relation to environmental rights, responsibilities and knowledge of rural and Adivasi women within the institution of SHGs. It aims to formulate the concept, i.e., can SHGs be seen as co-linear spaces which needs to be strengthened as bearers of green movements at the local level as a response to the climate crisis.
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Garg, Prof Smita. "Transformative Technological Initiatives for Amrit Kaal: A Review of Skill India Digita, India Stack, and the National Logistics Policy". JOURNAL GLOBAL VALUES XIV, S.Issue (31 de diciembre de 2023): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31995/jgv.2023.v14is3.021.
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his paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of transformative technological initiatives to realize the vision of Amrit Kaal - a vision in the pursuit of fostering a dynamic and inclusive economy. These technologies include the Skill India Digital initiatives, The India Fintech Stack, and the various technology initiatives under the National Logistics Policy. Under the visionary leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Amrit Kaal envisions an empowered and inclusive economy achieved through the strategic integration of good governance and Digital technologies. A focal point of this vision, the Skill India Digital platform, stands as a groundbreaking initiative aimed at providing accessible digital skills training and fostering employment opportunities. In parallel, the India Stack, a pioneering digital infrastructure, has reshaped financial inclusion by providing secure digital identity and streamlined access to financial services. Integrating into the broader National Logistics Policy, the Gati Shakti program seeks to optimize the logistics sector through the strategic implementation of digital technologies. This paper employs an academic lens to dissect the intricate details of these initiatives, shedding light on their individual and collective impact on India’s economic and technological landscape. Through a meticulous analysis of these transformative technological initiatives, this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of their individual and collective impact on India’s economic landscape, shedding light on the opportunities and challenges presented by the intersection of technology and governance. The paper concludes that the total of these parallel technology initiatives collectively contributes to Total factor productivity growth. As India continues to invest in these initiatives, the cumulative impact on TFP is expected to be significant, driving sustained economic growth and development.
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Coelho Neto, Agripino Souza. "POLÍTICAS DE ESCALA E A CONFORMAÇÃO DE ESTRATÉGIAS-REDE DAS AÇÕES COLETIVAS NO ESPAÇO SISALEIRO DA BAHIA". GEOgraphia 19, n.º 41 (25 de enero de 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia.v19i41.1095.
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Resumo: O presente texto pretende analisar o papel das ações coletivas (associações, cooperativas e sindicatos de agricultores) no acionamento e na ativação das escalas geográficas para o desenvolvimento de suas atividades. O estudo foi realizado no Espaço Sisaleiro da Bahia (Brasil), onde um conjunto significativo de associações e cooperativas de agricultores e sindicatos de trabalhadores rurais tem se organizado em torno das escalas espaciais para viabilizar sua ação político-institucional e econômico-produtiva. A ação desses coletivos organizados em rede tem permitido a conformação e o fortalecimento de novas escalas de ação política, como no caso da criação do conselho territorial para viabilização da implantação de políticas de governo. Cooperativas, associações e sindicatos se apoiam nas escalas para compor organizações em diferentes níveis escalares (escala local, escala regional, escala do estado federado e escala nacional), buscando fortalecer seus propósitos e ampliar seu poder de barganha e influência. Analisando o comportamento espacial dessas variadas modalidades de ações coletivas, é possível considerar que elas desenvolvem políticas de escala, ou seja, a escala passa a significar muito mais que uma categoria de análise, mas se torna uma categoria da prática social e política. Nesse sentido, parte-se do pressuposto de que os grupos humanos produzem e tornam efetivas suas próprias escalas visando a alcançar suas metas e organizar seus comportamentos coletivos.
Palavras-chave: Escala. Rede. Cooperativismo. Associativismo. Sindicalismo. Espaço Sisaleiro da Bahia.
SCALE POLICIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NETWORK STRATEGIES OF COLLECTIVE ACTIONS IN THE SISAL REGION OF BAHIA (BRAZIL)Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the role of collective initiatives of associations, cooperatives and farmers’ unions in the mobilization and activation of geographical scales for the development of their activities. The study was conducted in the Sisal Region of Bahia (Brazil), where a significant number of farmers associations and cooperatives and rural workers’ unions have been organizing their actions around spatial scales to enable their political-institutional and economic-productive influence. The gathering and action of these organized groups in a network have allowed the establishment and strengthening of new scales of political action, as seem in the case of the creation of a territorial council to facilitate the implementation of government policies. Cooperatives, associations, and unions rely on scales to form organizations at different scale levels (local, regional, federal and national scales), seeking to strengthen their performance and increase their bargaining power and influence. After analyzing the spatial behavior of these various forms of collective actions, it’s reasonable to say that they develop scale policies, which means the scale becomes more than a category of analysis, but also a category of social and political practice. In this sense, it’s assumed that human groups produce and utilize the scales in order to reach their goals and organize their own collective behaviors.
Keywords: Scale. Network. Cooperativism. Associativism. Syndicalism. Sisal Region of Bahia.
POLITIQUES D’ÉCHELLE ET FORMATION DES STRATÉGIES-RÉSEAU DES ACTIONS COLLECTIVES DANS LA RÉGION DU SISAL DE L’ÉTAT DE BAHIA
Resumé: Cet article analyse le rôle des actions collectives (associations, coopératives et syndicats d’agriculteurs) dans la prise en compte et l’utilisation des échelles géographiques pour le développement de leurs activités. L’étude a été menée dans la région du sisal à Bahia (Brésil), où un ensemble important d’associations et de coopératives d’agriculteurs et de syndicats de travailleurs ruraux se sont organisés autour d’échelles spatiales pour que puisse être mise en place leur action politique et institutionnelle, économique et productive. L’action de ces groupements organisés en réseaux a permis la conformation et le renforcement de nouvelles échelles d’action politique, comme lors de la création du conseil territorial, pour permettre la mise en œuvre des politiques gouvernementales. Les coopératives, les associations et les syndicats prennent les échelles comme point de départ pour former des organisations à différents niveaux scalaires (échelle locale, échelle régionale, échelle fédérée et échelle nationale), dans le but de renforcer leurs objectifs et d’accroître leur pouvoir de négociation et d’influence. Si nous analysons le comportement spatial de ces diverses formes d’action collective il est possible de considérer qu’ils développent des politiques d’échelle, à savoir l’échelle vient signifier bien plus qu’une catégorie d’analyse, puisqu’elle devient une catégorie de la pratique sociale et politique. En ce sens, on suppose que les groupes humains produisent et rendent efficaces leurs propres échelles pour atteindre leurs objectifs et organiser leurs comportements collectifs.
Mots-clés: Échelle. Réseau. Coopérativisme. Associations. Syndicalisme. Région du sisal de l’État de Bahia.
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Coelho Neto, Agripino Souza. "POLÍTICAS DE ESCALA E A CONFORMAÇÃO DE ESTRATÉGIAS-REDE DAS AÇÕES COLETIVAS NO ESPAÇO SISALEIRO DA BAHIA". GEOgraphia 19, n.º 41 (25 de enero de 2018): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2017.1941.a13817.
Texto completoResumen
Resumo: O presente texto pretende analisar o papel das ações coletivas (associações, cooperativas e sindicatos de agricultores) no acionamento e na ativação das escalas geográficas para o desenvolvimento de suas atividades. O estudo foi realizado no Espaço Sisaleiro da Bahia (Brasil), onde um conjunto significativo de associações e cooperativas de agricultores e sindicatos de trabalhadores rurais tem se organizado em torno das escalas espaciais para viabilizar sua ação político-institucional e econômico-produtiva. A ação desses coletivos organizados em rede tem permitido a conformação e o fortalecimento de novas escalas de ação política, como no caso da criação do conselho territorial para viabilização da implantação de políticas de governo. Cooperativas, associações e sindicatos se apoiam nas escalas para compor organizações em diferentes níveis escalares (escala local, escala regional, escala do estado federado e escala nacional), buscando fortalecer seus propósitos e ampliar seu poder de barganha e influência. Analisando o comportamento espacial dessas variadas modalidades de ações coletivas, é possível considerar que elas desenvolvem políticas de escala, ou seja, a escala passa a significar muito mais que uma categoria de análise, mas se torna uma categoria da prática social e política. Nesse sentido, parte-se do pressuposto de que os grupos humanos produzem e tornam efetivas suas próprias escalas visando a alcançar suas metas e organizar seus comportamentos coletivos.
Palavras-chave: Escala. Rede. Cooperativismo. Associativismo. Sindicalismo. Espaço Sisaleiro da Bahia.
SCALE POLICIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NETWORK STRATEGIES OF COLLECTIVE ACTIONS IN THE SISAL REGION OF BAHIA (BRAZIL)Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the role of collective initiatives of associations, cooperatives and farmers’ unions in the mobilization and activation of geographical scales for the development of their activities. The study was conducted in the Sisal Region of Bahia (Brazil), where a significant number of farmers associations and cooperatives and rural workers’ unions have been organizing their actions around spatial scales to enable their political-institutional and economic-productive influence. The gathering and action of these organized groups in a network have allowed the establishment and strengthening of new scales of political action, as seem in the case of the creation of a territorial council to facilitate the implementation of government policies. Cooperatives, associations, and unions rely on scales to form organizations at different scale levels (local, regional, federal and national scales), seeking to strengthen their performance and increase their bargaining power and influence. After analyzing the spatial behavior of these various forms of collective actions, it’s reasonable to say that they develop scale policies, which means the scale becomes more than a category of analysis, but also a category of social and political practice. In this sense, it’s assumed that human groups produce and utilize the scales in order to reach their goals and organize their own collective behaviors.
Keywords: Scale. Network. Cooperativism. Associativism. Syndicalism. Sisal Region of Bahia.
POLITIQUES D’ÉCHELLE ET FORMATION DES STRATÉGIES-RÉSEAU DES ACTIONS COLLECTIVES DANS LA RÉGION DU SISAL DE L’ÉTAT DE BAHIA
Resumé: Cet article analyse le rôle des actions collectives (associations, coopératives et syndicats d’agriculteurs) dans la prise en compte et l’utilisation des échelles géographiques pour le développement de leurs activités. L’étude a été menée dans la région du sisal à Bahia (Brésil), où un ensemble important d’associations et de coopératives d’agriculteurs et de syndicats de travailleurs ruraux se sont organisés autour d’échelles spatiales pour que puisse être mise en place leur action politique et institutionnelle, économique et productive. L’action de ces groupements organisés en réseaux a permis la conformation et le renforcement de nouvelles échelles d’action politique, comme lors de la création du conseil territorial, pour permettre la mise en œuvre des politiques gouvernementales. Les coopératives, les associations et les syndicats prennent les échelles comme point de départ pour former des organisations à différents niveaux scalaires (échelle locale, échelle régionale, échelle fédérée et échelle nationale), dans le but de renforcer leurs objectifs et d’accroître leur pouvoir de négociation et d’influence. Si nous analysons le comportement spatial de ces diverses formes d’action collective il est possible de considérer qu’ils développent des politiques d’échelle, à savoir l’échelle vient signifier bien plus qu’une catégorie d’analyse, puisqu’elle devient une catégorie de la pratique sociale et politique. En ce sens, on suppose que les groupes humains produisent et rendent efficaces leurs propres échelles pour atteindre leurs objectifs et organiser leurs comportements collectifs.
Mots-clés: Échelle. Réseau. Coopérativisme. Associations. Syndicalisme. Région du sisal de l’État de Bahia.