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Guillot, Philippe y Marie-José Durand-Richard. "Informatique et cryptologie : un déplacement des frontières". Intellectica. Revue de l'Association pour la Recherche Cognitive 72, n.º 1 (2020): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/intel.2020.1950.
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Les travaux de Turing ont montré les liens étroits qu’entretiendront cryptologie et mécanisation du calcul. Leur évolution parallèle va déplacer de nombreuses frontières : entre secret et transparence, entre sphère publique et sphère privée, entre contrôle social et liberté individuelle, entre art et science. Cet article explore ce mouvement à la lumière des domaines où il s’est manifesté. Depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la cryptologie a évolué d’un usage presque exclusivement militaire à son ubiquité actuelle. Cette mutation d’usage s’est doublée d’une transformation de nature, en particulier sous l’angle du rapport à la science. Les techniques artisanales ont cédé la place à une nouvelle branche des mathématiques dont le caractère scientifique est autant revendiqué que controversé, tant la sécurité est matière à spéculation. Les questions ouvertes par la théorie de la complexité trouvent une illustration imagée avec les mondes virtuels de Russel Implagliazzo. L’impact sociétal de la cryptologie est aussi abordé du point de vue de la nature des échanges : contrôle institutionnel ou maintien au sein de cercles privés. L’histoire de l’opposition entre contrôle étatique et liberté d’usage sera exposé au regard du droit. Sont enfin abordées les nouvelles applications et menaces de la cryptologie, reculant les frontières du possible, de l’informatique en nuage aux monnaies virtuelles.
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Barrat, Olivier. "Informatique en nuage : mettez de côté le PATRIOT Act, penchez-vous sur FISAA !" Sécurité et stratégie 14, n.º 3 (2013): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/sestr.014.0064.
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Sobczak, Anna. "Public Cloud Archives: Dream or Reality? / Les archives publiques dans le nuage informatique: Rêve ou réalité ?" Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science 39, n.º 2 (2015): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ils.2015.0014.
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Franks, Patricia C. "New Technologies, New Challenges: Records Retention and Disposition in a Cloud Environment / Nouvelles technologies, nouveaux défis: Conservation et déclassement des documents dans un environnement de nuage informatique". Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science 39, n.º 2 (2015): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ils.2015.0011.
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Zins, Marie, Marc Cuggia y Marcel Goldberg. "Les données de santé en France". médecine/sciences 37, n.º 2 (febrero de 2021): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2021001.
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Alors que l’application de traçage des contacts (contact tracing)StopCovid(transformée à la mi-octobre 2020 enTousAntiCovid), débattue au Parlement en raison des inquiétudes qu’elle suscitait concernant la confidentialité des données personnelles et les libertés individuelles du fait qu’elle permet d’alerter un utilisateur s’il s’est trouvé à proximité d’une personne atteinte de la COVID-19, a été adoptée par près de 12 millions de personnes, un dispositif concernant les données individuelles de santé, aux conséquences potentiellement beaucoup plus importantes pour les citoyens et leurs données personnelles, a commencé à se mettre en place suite à la Loi du 24 juillet 2019 (Loi n° 2019-774) relative à l’organisation et à la transformation du système de santé : laplateforme des données de santé, communément appeléeHealth Data Hub, constituée sous la forme d’un groupement d’intérêt public (GIP). Il ne s’agit plus de simplement signaler qu’on a croisé une personne anonyme infectée par le SARS-Cov-2, mais de réunir, dans une infrastructure informatique unique, un immense ensemble de données personnelles particulièrement sensibles concernant la totalité de la population française. Ce projet suscite désormais un certain intérêt médiatique et un début d’inquiétude. Mais cette inquiétude ne concerne presque uniquement que le fait que ces données sont déposées et gérées dans uncloudappartenant à une société américaine, un nuage informatique qui tombe sous le coup de la loi américaine de 2018 dite « CLOUD act », qui ouvre la possibilité d’un transfert des données personnelles vers les États-Unis, comme s’en est inquiété récemment le Conseil d’État. Cet aspect est certes très important, mais il masque également de très nombreux enjeux liés au partage des données de santé, et qui sont largement méconnus de la population. Nous nous proposons de rappeler, tout d’abord, ce que sont les données de santé, ce qu’elles apportent et la nécessité d’en faciliter le partage, mais aussi les difficultés rencontrées pour leur accès et leur utilisation. Nous expliquerons ensuite, dans un deuxième article, en quoi cetteplateforme des données de santé, telle qu’elle est conçue et pilotée par les pouvoirs publics pour répondre à ces difficultés et pour promouvoir l’intelligence artificielle en santé, est un projet qui soulève de fortes inquiétudes pour les citoyens et la société dans son ensemble. Même si les problèmes posés se présentent sous une forme différente selon les pays, notre propos concernera spécifiquement la situation en France.
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Hintermann, Francis. "Informatique : la révolution des nuages". L'Expansion Management Review N° 139, n.º 4 (2010): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/emr.139.0098.
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Stancic, Hrvoje, Arian Rajh y Hrvoje Brzica. "Archival Cloud Services: Portability, Continuity, and Sustainability Aspects of Long-term Preservation of Electronically Signed Records / Les services d’archivage dans un nuage informatique : Portabilité, continuité et durabilité: Aspects de la conservation à long terme des documents signés électroniquement". Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science 39, n.º 2 (2015): 210–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ils.2015.0012.
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Caron, Daniel J. y Richard G. Brown. "Des grottes de Lascaux aux nuages de Google : le bouleversement des systèmes de l’écrit et son incidence sur le fonctionnement de nos institutions démocratiques". Télescope 18, n.º 1-2 (29 de mayo de 2012): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1009261ar.
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En augmentant les capacités de stockage, la rapidité et la capacité de traitement de l’information, les changements opérés par la micro-informatique ont mené à des avancées dans la qualité du service aux citoyens. Les progrès plus récents ont toutefois des retombées imprévues : ils bouleversent non seulement les pratiques usuelles internes, mais remettent en question le système de l’écrit et ses conventions sur la base duquel nos bureaucraties se sont établies. Le document, instrument de première importance dans la conduite des affaires de l’État, a perdu peu à peu ses attributs et tarde à se redéfinir dans l’environnement numérique. Il en est de même pour les règles et les processus qui sont le fondement même de notre fonctionnement en organisation formelle. Cet article aborde les questions liées à l’effondrement des conventions du système de l’écrit et à la manière dont cela affecte le fonctionnement de nos institutions et requiert des innovations importantes et fondamentales si nous voulons assurer la pérennité de nos systèmes démocratiques.
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Vanderburgh, David. "Breast cancer screening". Politics and the Life Sciences 37, n.º 1 (2018): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pls.2018.3.
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Cass R. Sunstein’s 2016 bookThe Ethics of Influence: Government in the Age of Behavioral Scienceprovides an extremely informative introduction to the science and ethics of the exercise of “influence” over others. As a longtime physician employed in both the public and private sectors, I now recognize that most of my formal training has been in the hard sciences, with little, if any, training in the appropriate influence of the decision-making processes of my patients and/or other health care professionals in institutional settings. Breast cancer screening is an excellent example of the conflicts of modern medicine, highlighting our collective inability to effectively “nudge” others in the pursuit of health and/or organizational effectiveness and efficiency. Using the framework of Sunstein’s ethical values of welfare, autonomy, dignity, and self-government, I discuss many of the conflicting issues in a nationwide breast cancer screening program and the effects of these issues on client nudging to determine whether mammography screening is ethical.
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Royer, Michael F. y Christopher Wharton. "The Design and Testing of a Text Message for Use as an Informational Nudge in a Novel Food Insecurity Intervention". Challenges 14, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2023): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe14040040.
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Food insecurity is an ongoing problem in the U.S. with implications for health problems and social disadvantages. Past food insecurity intervention studies have targeted barriers to accessing healthy food. However, information barriers have not been adequately addressed by food insecurity interventions. This research included the first phase of a two-phase feasibility study that involved testing a text message as an informational nudge through interviews among a small, preliminary sample of adults in the southwest U.S. (n = 10). Interview questions focused on the message content, persuasiveness, relevancy, clarity, and details that participants liked and disliked. A qualitative content analysis of interview responses then highlighted any necessary modifications to the text message. Interview responses highlighted that the message conveyed details about how to access food assistance resources. The message was perceived as informative, clear, and friendly. Participants highlighted the need for better spacing in the message layout, more details about the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and a better explanation for why SNAP is relevant. Text message readability, relevancy, and informativeness were common concerns raised during interviews. Participant-informed modifications to the text message were applied in preparation for using the message in a food insecurity intervention. This research is a novel contribution to the extant literature on nudges, as no known intervention study has used informational nudges to exclusively promote food security. Future food insecurity research efforts should similarly test novel interventions to ensure the intervention is acceptable and relevant for the target population.
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Cléry, Isabelle y Marc Pierrot-Deseilligny. "Une interface ergonomique de calcul de modèles 3D par photogrammétrie". Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, n.º 196 (15 de abril de 2014): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2011.36.
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De nombreux logiciels du commerce proposent de créer des modélisations en 3D d'objets ou de scènes à partir uniquement de photographies. Cependant les professionnels, notamment les archéologues et les architectes, ont un certain nombre de contraintes qui restreignent fortement le choix du logiciel, telles que des ressources financières limitées, des connaissances peu approfondies en photogrammétrie et en informatique, des impératifs qui limitent le temps d'acquisition et de traitement, et enfin des attentes précises en terme de qualité, de précision et de complétude de la modélisation. Le laboratoire MATIS a développé un ensemble d'outils libres, open source, qui permettent d'effectuer l'ensemble des étapes du traitement d'un chantier photogrammétrique et qui fournissent des modèles 3D très denses et précis grâce à la rigueur de l'approche photogrammétrique ; ils représentent donc une solution intéressante pour ces professionnels du point de vue algorithmique.Cependant ils ont été développés pour des applications de recherche et sont donc peu ergonomiques pour le public non photogrammètre et non informaticien. C'est pourquoi une interface graphique est en cours de développement afin de fournir un accès simplifié et unifié à ces outils, notamment aux architectes et aux archéologues. Grâce à l'interface, l'utilisateur peut manipuler les images d'un même chantier et contrôler chaque étape du traitement qui comprend : le calcul automatique de points homologues entre les images, l'estimation des poses de la caméra et le calcul des modèles 3D. Les résultats peuvent être convertis en cartes de profondeur ombrées ou en nuages denses de points 3D (au format standard ply), et peuvent être affichés directement par l'interface. Pour offrir la possibilité de traiter des chantiers suffisamment variés, tout en masquant la complexité du paramétrage, la démarche retenue est de présenter à l'utilisateur un accès par grande famille de prises de vue, par exemple : chantier convergent, relevé de façades, chantier aérien sub-vertical, modélisation d'intérieur. . . Une attention particulière est apportée à la qualité de la documentation et à la portabilité du produit sur les principaux types d'ordinateur grand public (Linux, Mac et Windows). Cette interface, bien que non finalisée, permet déjà d'effectuer l'intégralité du traitement de chantiers de type convergent et est disponible en ligne. Des utilisateurs issus des différentes communautés de professionnels ciblées (archéologie, architecture, géologie, photogrammétrie architecturale) l'ont déjà testée et l'interface est régulièrement mise à jour afin de l'adapter aux remarques et demandes de ces testeurs.
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Novikov, A. G., O. I. Goriunova, A. M. Klementiev y A. W. Weber. "Faunal Remains from Bronze Age Graves at the Tuakhane IX Cemetery (Lake Baikal)". Herald of Omsk University. Series: Historical studies 11, n.º 3 (2024): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2312-1300.2024.11(3).131-140.
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Faunal remains are considered an important source of information about subsistence activities of past communities. Large and fully excavated cemeteries are particularly informative because they allow broader generalizations and reconstructions. The Tuakhane IX cemetery, located on the coast of the Mukhor Bay in the Little Sea part of Lake Baikal, fully meets such requirements. The cemetery was fully excavated between 2019 and 2022 by the Russian-Canadian Expedition from the Irkutsk State University. In total, 31 graves were excavated of which 24 date to the Early Bronze Age. The goals of this paper are: (1) to examine taxonomic structure of the faunal skeletal remains from the Early Bronze Age graves at Tuakhane IX; (2) to attempt a reconstruction of subsistence activities of the cemetery population; and (3) to compare the results with a few other well investigated cemeteries in the micro-region. The following species have been identified in the Tuakhane graves: hare (Lepus sp.), beaver (Castor fiber), fox (Vulpes vulpes), brown bear (Ursus arctos), red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus pygargus), and elk (Alces alces). A few bird and fish bones have been also identified. Remains of roe deer, elk, and red deer are the most abundant. Practically all skeletal remains belong to wild animals, skull fragments of a dog (Canis familiaris) are the only exception. The presence of dog bones in graves is probably related to the use of dogs in hunting. Subsistence relied primarily on hunting and, secondarily, on fishing. The structure of the faunal assemblage suggests the use of two different ecological zones: forest and steppe-forest. Red deer was the main game animal, its long bones and antler providing the raw material for manufacture of utensils for a range of domestic activities and tools for game hunting and fishing (points, needles, arrowheads, hooks for composite fishhooks, harpoons, etc.). Some skeletal elements (e.g., mandibles, hare hind feet and others), probably had additional ritual significance and played substantial role in mortuary practices. These findings match insights from a few other large Early Bronze Age cemeteries of the Ol'khon micro-region such as Khuzhir-Nuge XIV and Kurma XI, together lending credibility to patterns observed at all these cemeteries.
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Goriunova, O. I. y A. G. Novikov. "Multilayered Geoarchaeological Sites of the Lake Baikal Coast: Results and Prospects of Study". Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Geoarchaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology Series 42 (2022): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2227-2380.2022.42.43.
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The article summarizes and analyzes information on 16 multilayered geoarchaeological sites of the Lake Baikal coast, including the famous Ulan-Khada site. The research is based on the results of excavations, literary and archival materials. A list of local sites has been determined, their mapping, archaeological assessment, and radiocarbon data (153 dates, mostly AMS) have been analyzed. These sites are provided with stratigraphic, geological, and geomorphological characteristics, high-quality and informative materials. They represent a reliable source base and are the basis for the study of the regional Holocene cultures and the reconstruction of paleoclimates and paleolandscapes. The predominant location of multilayered sites on the western coast of Lake Baikal and, first of all, its Little Sea section is noted. From 3 to 15 cultural levels have been recorded on multilayered sites, containing finds from different periods from the Stone Age to the Late Iron Age. Currently, only two multilayered sites (Kurla 1 and Kurla 4) are known on the Lake Baikal coast, containing complexes of the Final Paleolithic. Early Holocene assemblages were noted at 8 sites (the most significant are Sagan-Nuge, Berloga, and Ityrkhei 1). Stratified Neolithic complexes predominate belogning to the early (10 sites), middle (4 sites) and late (9 sites) stages of this period. Among the most significant sites containing several isolated Neolithic layers are Sagan-Zaba 2, Ityrkhei 1, Tyshkine 2, Katun 1, Buguldeika 1 and 2. Reference sites for the Early Bronze Age are Ulan-Khada 1, Katun 1, Tyshkine 2 and 3, and for the Late Bronze Age – Tyshkine 3, Katun 1 and Berloga. At the Sagan-Zaba 2, Katun 1, and Buguldeika 2 sites, studies of the Early and Late Iron Age are promising. Radiocarbon dates have been obtained for almost all the studied sites (14). The complexes of the Early (29 dates) and Late (22 dates) Neolithic are the most endowed with them. At present, the chronology of the Lake Baikal coast cultural complexes seems to be as follows: the Final Paleolithic – 19,270–14,250 cal BP, Mesolithic – 13,070–8220 cal BP, Early Neolithic – 8170-6900 cal BP, Middle Neolithic – 6930–6290 cal BP, Late Neolithic – 5840–4650 cal BP, Early Bronze Age – 4850(4530)–3220 cal BP, Late Bronze Age – 3330–2000 cal BP, Early Iron Age – 2120–1530 cal BP, Late Iron Age – 1240–940 cal BP.
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Smith, Sharissa M., Babette Bais, Hafez Ismaili M'hamdi, Maartje H. N. Schermer y Regine P. M. Steegers-Theunissen. "Stimulating the Uptake of Preconception Care by Women With a Vulnerable Health Status Through mHealth App–Based Nudging (Pregnant Faster): Cocreation Design and Protocol for a Cohort Study". JMIR Research Protocols 12 (9 de agosto de 2023): e45293. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/45293.
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Background Women with a low socioeconomic status often have a vulnerable health status due to an accumulation of health-deteriorating factors such as poor lifestyle behaviors, including inadequate nutrition, mental stressors, and impaired health literacy and agency, which puts them at an unnecessary high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Adequately preparing for pregnancy through preconception care (PCC) uptake and lifestyle improvement can improve these outcomes. We hypothesize that nudging is a successful way of encouraging engagement in PCC. A nudge is a behavioral intervention that changes choice behavior through influencing incentives. The mobile health (mHealth) app–based loyalty program Pregnant Faster aims to reward women in an ethically justified way and nudges to engage in pregnancy preparation by visiting a PCC consultation. Objective Here, we first describe the process of the cocreation of the mHealth app Pregnant Faster that aims to increase engagement in pregnancy preparation by women with a vulnerable health status. Second, we describe the cohort study design to assess the feasibility of Pregnant Faster. Methods The content of the app is based on the eHealth lifestyle coaching program Smarter Pregnancy, which has proven to be effective in ameliorating preconceptional lifestyle behaviors (folic acid, vegetables, fruits, smoking, and alcohol) and an interview study pertaining to the preferences of the target group with regard to an mHealth app stimulating PCC uptake. For moral guidance on the design, an ethical framework was developed based on the bioethical principles of Beauchamp and Childress. The app was further developed through iterative cocreation with the target group and health care providers. For 4 weeks, participants will engage with Pregnant Faster, during which opportunities will arise to earn coins such as reading informative blogs and registering for a PCC consultation. Coins can be spent on small fun rewards, such as folic acid, fruits, and mascara. Pregnant Faster’s feasibility will be tested in a study including 40 women aged 18 to 45 years, who are preconceptional or <8 weeks pregnant, with a low educational level, and living in a deprived neighborhood. The latter 2 factors will serve as a proxy of a low socioeconomic status. Recruitment will take place through flyers, social media, and health care practices. After finalization, participants will evaluate the app through the “mHealth App Usability Questionnaire” and additional interviews or questionnaires. Results Results are expected to be published by December 2023. Conclusions Pregnant Faster has been designed through iterative cocreation with the target group and health care professionals. With the designed study, we will test Pregnant Faster’s feasibility. If overall user satisfaction and PCC uptake is achieved, the app will be further developed and the cohort will be continued with an additional 400 inclusions to establish effectiveness. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/45293
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FIGER, Jean-Paul. "Cloud Computing - Informatique en nuage". Documents numériques Gestion de contenu, febrero de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-h6020.
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Vaccaro, Marianna. "Informative Feedback: A Help to Change People's Behaviour". Ergonomics International Journal 5, n.º 4 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000272.
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Evolved from the portable phone, the smartphone has assumed significant importance in the lives of many people to make them increasingly dependent, conditioning interests and activities, with very negative effects on freedom of choice, motivation and commitment in many areas of daily life, primarily interpersonal relationships and contexts of aggregation such as pubs and restaurants. The research was born as an experiment of Nudge application to reduce the frequency of smartphone use in pubs and restaurants through the use of informative feedback. The control group has shown a reduction in the frequency of use of the smartphone in the moments of aggregation, and this proves the effectiveness of the intervention.
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Meub, Lukas, Petrik Runst y Kaja Von der Leyen. "Can APPealing and More Informative Bills 'Nudge' Individuals into Conserving Electricity?" SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3408019.
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Meub, Lukas, Petrik Runst y Kaja Von der Leyen. "Can APPealing and More Informative Bills ‘Nudge’ Individuals Into Conserving Electricity?" SSRN Electronic Journal, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3414328.
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Tostes Ribeiro, Isabel, Renata Pardini y Carla Morsello. "Committing to behavior change: How to prevent dogs from visiting Atlantic Forest remnants?" Conservation Science and Practice, 31 de octubre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/csp2.13042.
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AbstractBehavioral interventions have been applied to induce multiple pro‐environmental changes, yet testing their effects on biodiversity conservation is novel. For certain behaviors, a promising tool is changing the context within which people make decisions through nudges. One such behavior is dog restraining to prevent visits to natural areas, a worldwide source of negative impacts on wildlife. In this preliminary study, we experimentally tested the effects of two interventions (i.e., an informative video on conservation and an informative video plus commitment nudge) on changing dog management among rural owners. We then assessed interventions' effects on owners' behavior change (n = 52) and intention to keep the restraining practice in the future (n = 50). Both interventions promoted a momentary change in owners' behavior, but their effect sizes did not differ. Yet, neither treatment increased the owners' intention to maintain the restraining practices. Although nudges alone may not be the most appropriate solution to reduce the severe dog impacts on wildlife, they might be of practical relevance to conservation stakeholders who deal with threats that are not prone to mitigation through more traditional strategies (e.g., command and control).
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Clò, Stefano, Tommaso Reggiani y Sabrina Ruberto. "Consumption Feedback and Water Saving: A Field Intervention Evaluation in the Metropolitan Area of Milan". Environmental and Resource Economics, 8 de julio de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-024-00884-9.
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AbstractThis paper investigates whether informative feedback on consumption can nudge water saving. We launched a five-month online information campaign which involved around 1,000 households located in the province of Milan (Italy) with a smart meter. A group of households received monthly reports via email on their per capita daily average water consumption, including a social comparison component. The Intention to Treat (ITT) analysis shows that, compared to a benchmark group, the units exposed to the intervention reduced their per capita water consumption by around 6% (25.8 liters per day or 6.8 gallons). Being able to observe the email opening rate, we find that the ITT effect is mainly driven by complying units. Through an Instrumental Variable approach, we estimated a Local Average Treatment Effect equal to 54.9 liters per day of water saving. A further Regression Discontinuity Design analysis shows that different feedback on consumption class size differentially affected water saving at the margin. We also found that the additional water saving increased with the number of monthly reports, though it did not persist two months after the campaign expired.
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Stefano, Clò, Regiani Tommaso y Ruberto Sabrina. "Consumption feedback and water saving: An experiment in the metropolitan area of Milan". MUNI ECON Working Papers, n.º 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/wp_muni_econ_2023-02.
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This paper questions whether informative feedback on consumption can nudge water saving behavioral change. For this purpose, we launched a five-month online information campaign which involved equipping around 1,000 households located in the province of Milan (Italy) with a smart meter. Treated households received monthly reports via email on their per capita daily average water consumption, which included a social comparison component (consumption class size). The difference-in-differences analysis showed that, compared to the control group, treated units reduced their daily per capita water consumption by more than 10 % (22 liters or 5.8 gallons). This additional water saving increased with the number of monthly reports, though it did not persist two months after the campaign expired. The impact of the campaign was heterogeneous across consumption classes, while a Regression Discontinuity Design analysis showed that different feedback on consumption class size differentially affected water saving at the margin. Finally, being able to observe the email opening rate, we complemented the ITT analysis by developing a Per Protocol (PP) analysis, where non-adherent units were excluded from the treated group. Both ITT and PP provide consistent conclusions, thus augmenting the level of confidence in the study results.
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Hicks-Roof, Kristen K. "Exploring Protein Dietary Guidance Statements". Nutrition Today, 11 de noviembre de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nt.0000000000000720.
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Consumers may benefit from quick signals on or nearby food product to nudge them toward choosing healthier diets, such as Dietary Guidance Statements (DGSs) from the US Food and Drug Administration. It is unclear how DGSs on foods, including animal or plant proteins, impact purchase motivation, believability, or willingness to pay more. Six DGS claims were tested across 5 protein types (pork tenderloin, beef top sirloin fillet, chicken breast, turkey breast, and plant-based meat) using an online prediction market test survey format among 1002 nationally representative US-based household primary grocery shoppers aged 18 to 64 years. The most motivating and believable DGS across protein types was the Dietary Guidelines DGS: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends eating 5½ oz of protein food per day as part of a nutritious dietary pattern. <protein type> is a lean meat that provides 3 oz of protein food per serving (based on a 2000-calorie diet). More than one-third felt that this Dietary Guidelines DGS was the most motivating and believable because it was informative; imparted feelings of the protein type being healthy; contained statistics, facts, or numbers; and mentioned the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans. More than 50% of participants were willing to pay at least 5% or more for the protein type specified in the Dietary Guidelines DGS across all protein types. Uniform adoption of DGSs across protein food groups allows for equal representation of how a variety of proteins can contribute to a nutritious dietary pattern.
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Catozzi, D., M. R. Gualano, G. Voglino, A. Corradi, F. Bert y R. Siliquini. "Mobile Apps for Vaccination: an in-depth scan of Apple App Store". European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement_5 (1 de septiembre de 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.1034.
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Abstract Introduction In a recent estimation, time spent engaging with smartphones is 3h43m in 2019 in US population, surpassing conventional media such as TV. However, smartphones are not just a distraction from everyday life, but also a powerful tool by which to search for information and interface with institutions and services providers. National Healthcare Systems are not an exception, in particular for tackling vaccine hesitancy and fake news: in this frame, we have focused our research on mobile apps for vaccination. Methods We scanned Apple App Store through an API (Application Programming Interface) made available from Apple Inc. itself searching single words related to vaccination (no Boolean operators available) from both Italian and English-speaking markets, then exporting and merging the results. The univocal 121 apps obtained were then classified according by category, description, target population, informative materials and n° of reviews. Results The majority of apps falls under the “organizer” category (49 apps, 40.5%) with almost half of them (22) with vaccination as main topic (vaccine reminders and recorders), the others as part of a health management tool, mostly designed for parents. Just 32% of these apps give information regarding vaccines or preventable diseases. The second one is medical education apps (26.4%) focused on healthcare workers with guidelines and updates, mainly in English, then games (11.6%), Local Healthcare Service booking services (9.1%) of which only 4 from Italy, and lastly travel management apps (2.5%). Conclusions Organizers and reminders are a recognised tool to increase vaccine adhesion, but a complete plain-language information should be provided together with the service, to answer the most frequently asked questions from parents and dispel their doubts. In the meanwhile, Italian NHS results rarely adequate in providing a fully digital experience, from planning shots to registration of vaccine status. Key messages Mobile vaccination organizers are a helpful tool for parents, but they are undervalued as a first-hand source of knowledge about vaccination programs. Italian NHS should develop a modern mobile interface in order to book vaccination services as a big nudge towards the increase of vaccine adherence.
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Ashton, Lee M., Marc TP Adam, Megan Whatnall, Megan E. Rollo, Tracy L. Burrows, Vibeke Hansen y Clare E. Collins. "Exploring the design and utility of an integrated web-based chatbot for young adults to support healthy eating: a qualitative study". International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 20, n.º 1 (4 de octubre de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12966-023-01511-4.
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Abstract Background There is a lack of understanding of the potential utility of a chatbot integrated into a website to support healthy eating among young adults. Therefore, the aim was to interview key informants regarding potential utility and design of a chatbot to: (1) increase young adults’ return rates and engagement with a purpose-built healthy eating website and, (2) improve young adults’ diet quality. Methods Eighteen qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted across three stakeholder groups: (i) experts in dietary behaviour change in young adults (n = 6), (ii) young adult users of a healthy eating website (n = 7), and (iii) experts in chatbot design (n = 5). Interview questions were guided by a behaviour change framework and a template analysis was conducted using NVivo. Results Interviewees identified three potential roles of a chatbot for supporting healthy eating in young adults; R1: improving healthy eating knowledge and facilitating discovery, R2: reducing time barriers related to healthy eating, R3: providing support and social engagement. To support R1, the following features were suggested: F1: chatbot generated recommendations and F2: triage to website information or externally (e.g., another website) to address current user needs. For R2, suggested features included F3: nudge or behavioural prompts at critical moments and F4: assist users to navigate healthy eating websites. Finally, to support R3 interviewees recommended the following features: F5: enhance interactivity, F6: offer useful anonymous support, F7: facilitate user connection with content in meaningful ways and F8: outreach adjuncts to website (e.g., emails). Additional ‘general’ chatbot features included authenticity, personalisation and effective and strategic development, while the preferred chatbot style and language included tailoring (e.g., age and gender), with a positive and professional tone. Finally, the preferred chatbot message subjects included training (e.g., would you like to see a video to make this recipe?), enablement (e.g., healthy eating doesn’t need to be expensive, we’ve created a budget meal plan, want to see?) and education or informative approaches (e.g., “Did you know bananas are high in potassium which can aid in reducing blood pressure?”). Conclusion Findings can guide chatbot designers and nutrition behaviour change researchers on potential chatbot roles, features, style and language and messaging in order to support healthy eating knowledge and behaviours in young adults.