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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Informatique de périphérie/de brouillard"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Informatique de périphérie/de brouillard"
Mazouzi, Houssemeddine. "Algorithmes pour le déchargement de tâches sur serveurs de périphérie". Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131076.
Texto completoComputation offloading is one of the most promising paradigm to overcome the lack of computational resources in mobile devices. Basically, it allows the execution of part orall of a mobile application in the cloud. The main objective is to reduce both execution time and energy consumption for the mobile terminals. Unfortunately, even if clouds have rich computing and storage resources, they are usually geographically far from mobile applications and may suffer from large delays, which is particularly problematic for mobile applications with small response time requirements. To reduce this long delay, one of the emerging approach is to push the cloud to the network edge. This proximity gives the opportunity to mobile users to offload their tasks to “local” cloud for processing. An Edge Cloud can be seen as small data center acting as a shadow image of larger data centers. This geographical proximity between mobile applications and edge cloud means that the access delay can be greatly reduced, but affects also higher throughput, improved responsiveness and better scalability. In this thesis, we focus on computation offloading in mobile environment (Mobile Edge Computing - MEC), composed of several edge servers. Our goal is to explore new and effective offloading strategies to improve applications performances in both execution time and energy consumption, while ensuring application requirements. Our first contribution is a new offloading strategy in the case of multiple edge servers. Thenwe extend this strategy to include the Cloud. Both strategies have been evaluated theoretically and experimentally by the implementation of an offloading middleware. Finally, we propose a new elastic approach in the case of multitasking applications characterized by a graph of dependencies between tasks
Confais, Bastien. "Conception d'un système de partage de données adapté à un environnement de Fog Computing". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4015/document.
Texto completoUtility Computing has evolved for many years leading to the infrastructure we know today as Cloud Computing. Nevertheless, these infrastructures are unable to satisfy the needs of the Internet of Things which requires low latency computing despite limited resources. In 2012, Cisco proposed a paradigm called Fog Computing, consisting of deploying a huge number of small servers, spread on many sites located at the edge of the network, close to the end devices. In this thesis, we try to create a seamless storage solution between the different Fog sites. Our first contribution consists in comparing existing storage solution and check if they can be used in a such environment. We show that InterPlanetary FileSystem (IPFS), an object store relying on a BitTorrent like protocol and a Distributed Hash Table is a promising solution. Nevertheless, the amount of network traffic exchanged between the sites to locate the data is important and has a non-negligible impact on the overall performance. Our second contribution consists in coupling IPFS with RozoFS, a distributed filesystem deployed on each site to limit the use of the DHT when accessed data are stored on the local site. Finally, we proposed to replace the distributed hash table by a location mechanism relying on a shortest path tree built on the physical topology, in order to contain the network traffic and to first request nodes at a close location, reachable with a low latency. By performing many experiments on the Grid’5000 testbed, we show that the coupling of IPFS with a Scale-Out NAS reduces by 34 % in average the access times and that our protocol to locate the objects reduces by 20 % the time to locate the data
Halmaoui, Houssam. "Restauration d'images par temps de brouillard et de pluie : applications aux aides à la conduite". Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830869.
Texto completoDe, Souza Felipe Rodrigo. "Scheduling Solutions for Data Stream Processing Applications on Cloud-Edge Infrastructure". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN082.
Texto completoTechnology has evolved to a point where applications and devicesare highly connected and produce ever-increasing amounts of dataused by organizations and individuals to make daily decisions. Forthe collected data to become information that can be used indecision making, it requires processing. The speed at whichinformation is extracted from data generated by a monitored systemTechnology has evolved to a point where applications and devicesare highly connected and produce ever-increasing amounts of dataused by organizations and individuals to make daily decisions. Forthe collected data to become information that can be used indecision making, it requires processing. The speed at whichinformation is extracted from data generated by a monitored systemor environment affects how fast organizations and individuals canreact to changes. One way to process the data under short delays isthrough Data Stream Processing (DSP) applications. DSPapplications can be structured as directed graphs, where the vertexesare data sources, operators, and data sinks, and the edges arestreams of data that flow throughout the graph. A data source is anapplication component responsible for data ingestion. Operatorsreceive a data stream, apply some transformation or user-definedfunction over the data stream and produce a new output stream,until the latter reaches a data sink, where the data is stored,visualized or provided to another application
Birhanie, Habtamu. "Resource Allocation in Vehicular Fog Computing for an Optimal Use of EVs Electric Vehicles Energy". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK042.
Texto completoAbstract: Technological advancements made it possible for Electric vehicles (EVs) to have onboard computation, communication, storage, and sensing capabilities. Nevertheless, most of the time these EVs spend their time in parking lots, which makes onboard devices cruelly underutilized. Thus, a better management and pooling these underutilized resources together would be strongly recommended. The new aggregated resources would be useful for traffic safety applications, comfort related applications or can be used as a distributed data center. Moreover, parked vehicles might also be used as a service delivery platform to serve users. Therefore, the use of aggregated abundant resources for the deployment of different local mobile applications leads to the development of a new architecture called Vehicular Fog Computing (VFC). Through VFC, abundant resources of vehicles in the parking area, on the mall or in the airport, can act as fog nodes. In another context, mobile applications have become more popular, complex and resource intensive. Some sophisticated embedded applications require intensive computation capabilities and high-energy consumption that transcend the limited capabilities of mobile devices. Throughout this work, we tackle the problem of achieving an effective deployment of a VFC system by aggregating unused resources of parked EVs, which would be eventually used as fog nodes to serve nearby mobile users’ computation demands. At first, we present a state of the art on EVs and resource allocation in VFC. In addition, we assess the potential of aggregated resources in EVs for serving local mobile users’ applications demands by considering the battery State of Health (SOH) and State of Charge (SOC). Here, the objective is to choose EVs with a good condition of SOH and SOC so that owners secure tolerable amount of energy for mobility. Then, we address the problem of resource allocation scheme with a new solution based on Markov Decision Process (MDP) that aims to optimize the use of EVs energy for both computing users’ demands and mobility. Hence, the novelty of this contribution is to take into consideration the amount of aggregated EVs resource for serving users’ demands. Finally, we propose a stochastic theoretical game approach to show the dynamics of both mobile users’ computation demands and the availability of EVs resources
Panigrahi, Swapnesh. "Real-time imaging through fog over long distance". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S041/document.
Texto completoImaging through turbid media like fog, tissues, colloids etc. has various applications in real-life situations. The problem of imaging through such scattering media presents a challenge that can be addressed by using novel imaging schemes, information theory and laws of light transport through random scattering media. The thesis is divided into two parts corresponding to two different imaging modalities, namely, polarimetric contrast imaging and intensity modulated light imaging. In both the cases, advanced imaging systems, capable of imaging in real-time are used and their performances are evaluated both theoretically and experimentally. In the first part of the thesis, a two-channel, snapshot polarimetric camera, based on a Wollaston prism is used to attain optimal imaging of polarized light source through fog. An original outdoor experiment is setup in the vicinity of the campus Beaulieu in Rennes, France, where a source is placed on a telecommunication tower more than a kilometer away from the imaging system. Data acquired in various weather conditions show that the efficiency of the two-channel polarimetric camera depends on the background noise correlation in the two images. Further, this was confirmed using an information theoretical analysis, which showed that a polarimetric contrast maximizing image representation is a linear combination of the two polarimetric images whose weights depend on the background noise correlation. Based on the derived optimal polarimetric representation, a detection scheme was presented, leading to an end-to-end study of two-channel polarimetric imaging through fog that may be useful in transport applications like aircraft landing/taxiing in degraded weather. The second part of the thesis deals with intensity modulated light and its potential for ballistic photon imaging through scattering media. First, using the diffusion theory of photon transport and information theory, it was shown that for a given photon budget, ballistic imaging can be achieved for a minimum modulation frequency that depends on the scattering properties of the intervening medium. In real-life situation, the minimum frequency can be in the range of MHz. Real-time imaging at these frequencies is a challenge. Hence, a novel demodulation camera system based on electro-optics was proposed and patented. The imaging system is capable of real-time, full-field demodulation at frequencies of several MHz (potentially, in GHz as well), without requiring a phase synchronized source. A prototype of the imaging system was developed and shown that a demodulation camera based on the proposed design is robust, portable and cost-effective. Finally, the work presented in this thesis pave way for implementation of advanced imaging systems in real-life situations, varying from biomedical imaging to transport safety
Dahmane, Khouloud. "Analyse d'images par méthode de Deep Learning appliquée au contexte routier en conditions météorologiques dégradées". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC020.
Texto completoNowadays, vision systems are becoming more and more used in the road context. They ensure safety and facilitate mobility. These vision systems are generally affected by the degradation of weather conditions, like heavy fog or strong rain, phenomena limiting the visibility and thus reducing the quality of the images. In order to optimize the performance of the vision systems, it is necessary to have a reliable detection system for these adverse weather conditions.There are meteorological sensors dedicated to physical measurement, but they are expensive. Since cameras are already installed on the road, they can simultaneously perform two functions: image acquisition for surveillance applications and physical measurement of weather conditions instead of dedicated sensors. Following the great success of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in classification and image recognition, we used a deep learning method to study the problem of meteorological classification. The objective of our study is to first seek to develop a classifier of time, which discriminates between "normal" conditions, fog and rain. In a second step, once the class is known, we seek to develop a model for measuring meteorological visibility.The use of CNN requires the use of train and test databases. For this, two databases were used, "Cerema-AWP database" (https://ceremadlcfmds.wixsite.com/cerema-databases), and the "Cerema-AWH database", which has been acquired since 2017 on the Fageole site on the highway A75. Each image of the two bases is labeled automatically thanks to meteorological data collected on the site to characterize various levels of precipitation for rain and fog.The Cerema-AWH base, which was set up as part of our work, contains 5 sub-bases: normal day conditions, heavy fog, light fog, heavy rain and light rain. Rainfall intensities range from 0 mm/h to 70mm/h and fog weather visibilities range from 50m to 1800m. Among the known neural networks that have demonstrated their performance in the field of recognition and classification, we can cite LeNet, ResNet-152, Inception-v4 and DenseNet-121. We have applied these networks in our adverse weather classification system. We start by the study of the use of convolutional neural networks. The nature of the input data and the optimal hyper-parameters that must be used to achieve the best results. An analysis of the different components of a neural network is done by constructing an instrumental neural network architecture. The conclusions drawn from this analysis show that we must use deep neural networks. This type of network is able to classify five meteorological classes of Cerema-AWH base with a classification score of 83% and three meteorological classes with a score of 99%Then, an analysis of the input and output data was made to study the impact of scenes change, the input's data and the meteorological classes number on the classification result.Finally, a database transfer method is developed. We study the portability from one site to another of our adverse weather conditions classification system. A classification score of 63% by making a transfer between a public database and Cerema-AWH database is obtained.After the classification, the second step of our study is to measure the meteorological visibility of the fog. For this, we use a neural network that generates continuous values. Two fog variants were tested: light and heavy fog combined and heavy fog (road fog) only. The evaluation of the result is done using a correlation coefficient R² between the real values and the predicted values. We compare this coefficient with the correlation coefficient between the two sensors used to measure the weather visibility on site. Among the results obtained and more specifically for road fog, the correlation coefficient reaches a value of 0.74 which is close to the physical sensors value (0.76)