Tesis sobre el tema "Informatique dans les nuages – Économies d'énergie"
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Borgetto, Damien. "Allocation et réallocation de services pour les économies d'énergie dans les clusters et les clouds". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2100/.
Texto completoCloud computing has become over the last years an important paradigm in the computing landscape. Its principle is to provide decentralized services and allows client to consume resources on a pay-as-you-go model. The increasing need for this type of service brings the service providers to increase the size of their infrastructures, to the extent that energy consumptions as well as operating costs are becoming important. Each cloud service provider has to provide for different types of requests. Infrastructure manager then have to host all the types of services together. That's why during this thesis, we tackled energy efficient resource management in the clouds. In order to do so, we first modeled and studied the initial service allocation problem, by computing approximated solutions given by heuristics, then comparing it to the optimal solution computed with a linear program solver. We then extended the model of resources to allow us to have a more global approach, by integrating the inherent heterogeneity of clusters and the cooling infrastructures. We then validated our model via simulation. Usually, the services must face different stages of workload, as well as utilization spikes. That's why we extended the model to include dynamicity of requests and resource usage, as well as the concept of powering on or off servers, or the cost of migrating a service from one host to another. We implemented a simulated cloud infrastructure, aiming at controlling the execution of the services as well as their placement. Thus, our approach enables the reduction of the global energy consumption of the infrastructure, and limits as much as possible degrading the performances
Jacquet, Pierre. "Enhancing IaaS Consolidation with resource oversubscription". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILB015.
Texto completoBy migrating its workload to larger Data Centers (DCs), the digital realm has been able to improve its energy efficiency. The consumption due to the increase in usage has thus been mitigated by significant improvements in shared infrastructure (commonly referred to as Cloud Computing), which is evident through indicators such as Power Usage Efficiency (PUE). However, infrastructure is not the sole point of optimization. The server itself, and the tasks it executes, remain an important focus of research. Usage rate, in particular, is closely studied because its relatively low value also represents a considerable potential gain. Thus, from both an energy (consumption) and material (environmental and financial cost) standpoint, the use of a server loaded at 100% is preferable to that of 3 servers loaded at 30%. I propose to examine these usage rates along four complementary contributions:1. The creation of realistic controlled experiments in an Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IAAS) context. While platforms supporting Cloud infrastructures are extensively studied, generating realistic workloads is crucial. As each Cloud Provider has its characteristics (distribution of VM sizes, individual usage rates), we propose a tool to generate these workloads.2. The calculation of individual server oversubscription ratio. By considering the individual stability of servers, it is possible to fine-tune the calculation of this ratio without causing additional violations.3. The introduction of a new oversubscription paradigm. By first demonstrating that Virtual Machine (VM) vCPUs are not uniformly used in a real-world context, we expose to VMs cores of different powers (by oversubscribing them to different amounts) and demonstrate that this paradigm can improve overall performance.4. The complementarity of oversubscription techniques to reduce unallocated resources. Comparing so-called premium VMs and oversubscribed VMs identifies that they tend to saturate their hosts' resources differently. By hosting them on the same servers, it is thus possible to benefit from synergies and reduce the number of servers by up to 9.6%
Ghribi, Chaima. "Energy efficient resource allocation in cloud computing environments". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0035/document.
Texto completoCloud computing has rapidly emerged as a successful paradigm for providing IT infrastructure, resources and services on a pay-per-use basis over the past few years. As, the wider adoption of Cloud and virtualization technologies has led to the establishment of large scale data centers that consume excessive energy and have significant carbon footprints, energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important for data centers and Cloud. Today data centers energy consumption represents 3 percent of all global electricity production and is estimated to further rise in the future. This thesis presents new models and algorithms for energy efficient resource allocation in Cloud data centers. The first goal of this work is to propose, develop and evaluate optimization algorithms of resource allocation for traditional Infrastructutre as a Service (IaaS) architectures. The approach is Virtual Machine (VM) based and enables on-demand and dynamic resource scheduling while reducing power consumption of the data center. This initial objective is extended to deal with the new trends in Cloud services through a new model and optimization algorithms of energy efficient resource allocation for hybrid IaaS-PaaS Cloud providers. The solution is generic enough to support different type of virtualization technologies, enables both on-demand and advanced resource provisioning to deal with dynamic resource scheduling and fill the gap between IaaS and PaaS services and create a single continuum of services for Cloud users. Consequently, in the thesis, we first present a survey of the state of the art on energy efficient resource allocation in cloud environments. Next, we propose a bin packing based approach for energy efficient resource allocation for classical IaaS. We formulate the problem of energy efficient resource allocation as a bin-packing model and propose an exact energy aware algorithm based on integer linear program (ILP) for initial resource allocation. To deal with dynamic resource consolidation, an exact ILP algorithm for dynamic VM reallocation is also proposed. This algorithm is based on VM migration and aims at constantly optimizing energy efficiency at service departures. A heuristic method based on the best-fit algorithm has also been adapted to the problem. Finally, we present a graph-coloring based approach for energy efficient resource allocation in the hybrid IaaS-PaaS providers context. This approach relies on a new graph coloring based model that supports both VM and container virtualization and provides on-demand as well as advanced resource reservation. We propose and develop an exact Pre-coloring algorithm for initial/static resource allocation while maximizing energy efficiency. A heuristic Pre-coloring algorithm for initial resource allocation is also proposed to scale with problem size. To adapt reservations over time and improve further energy efficiency, we introduce two heuristic Re-coloring algorithms for dynamic resource reallocation. Our solutions are generic, robust and flexible and the experimental evaluation shows that both proposed approaches lead to significant energy savings while meeting the users' requirements
Cuadrado-Cordero, Ismael. "Microclouds : an approach for a network-aware energy-efficient decentralised cloud". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S003/document.
Texto completoThe current datacenter-centralized architecture limits the cloud to the location of the datacenters, generally far from the user. This architecture collides with the latest trend of ubiquity of Cloud computing. Also, current estimated energy usage of data centers and core networks adds up to 3% of the global energy production, while according to latest estimations only 42,3% of the population is connected. In the current work, we focused on two drawbacks of datacenter-centralized Clouds: Energy consumption and poor quality of service. On the one hand, due to its centralized nature, energy consumption in networks is affected by the centralized vision of the Cloud. That is, backbone networks increase their energy consumption in order to connect the clients to the datacenters. On the other hand, distance leads to increased utilization of the broadband Wide Area Network and poor user experience, especially for interactive applications. A distributed approach can provide a better Quality of Experience (QoE) in large urban populations in mobile cloud networks. To do so, the cloud should confine local traffic close to the user, running on the users and network devices. In this work, we propose a novel distributed cloud architecture based on microclouds. Microclouds are dynamically created and allow users to contribute resources from their computers, mobile and network devices to the cloud. This way, they provide a dynamic and scalable system without the need of an extra investment in infrastructure. We also provide a description of a realistic mobile cloud use case, and the adaptation of microclouds on it. Through simulations, we show an overall saving up to 75% of energy consumed in standard centralized clouds with our approach. Also, our results indicate that this architecture is scalable with the number of mobile devices and provide a significantly lower latency than regular datacenter-centralized approaches. Finally, we analyze the use of incentives for Mobile Clouds, and propose a new auction system adapted to the high dynamism and heterogeneity of these systems. We compare our solution to other existing auctions systems in a Mobile Cloud use case, and show the suitability of our solution
Villebonnet, Violaine. "Scheduling and Dynamic Provisioning for Energy Proportional Heterogeneous Infrastructures". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN057/document.
Texto completoThe increasing number of data centers raises serious concerns regarding their energy consumption. These infrastructures are often over-provisioned and contain servers that are not fully utilized. The problem is that inactive servers can consume as high as 50% of their peak power consumption.This thesis proposes a novel approach for building data centers so that their energy consumption is proportional to the actual load. We propose an original infrastructure named BML for "Big, Medium, Little", composed of heterogeneous computing resources : from low power processors to classical servers. The idea is to take advantage of their different characteristics in terms of energy consumption, performance, and switch on reactivity to adjust the composition of the infrastructure according to the load evolutions. We define a generic methodology to compute the most energy proportional combinations of machines based on hardware profiling data.We focus on web applications whose load varies over time and design a scheduler that dynamically reconfigures the infrastructure, with application migrations and machines switch on and off, to minimize the infrastructure energy consumption according to the current application requirements.We have developed two different dynamic provisioning algorithms which take into account the time and energy overheads of the different reconfiguration actions in the decision process. We demonstrate through simulations based on experimentally acquired hardware profiles that we achieve important energy savings compared to classical data center infrastructures and management
Ghribi, Chaima. "Energy efficient resource allocation in cloud computing environments". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0035.
Texto completoCloud computing has rapidly emerged as a successful paradigm for providing IT infrastructure, resources and services on a pay-per-use basis over the past few years. As, the wider adoption of Cloud and virtualization technologies has led to the establishment of large scale data centers that consume excessive energy and have significant carbon footprints, energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important for data centers and Cloud. Today data centers energy consumption represents 3 percent of all global electricity production and is estimated to further rise in the future. This thesis presents new models and algorithms for energy efficient resource allocation in Cloud data centers. The first goal of this work is to propose, develop and evaluate optimization algorithms of resource allocation for traditional Infrastructutre as a Service (IaaS) architectures. The approach is Virtual Machine (VM) based and enables on-demand and dynamic resource scheduling while reducing power consumption of the data center. This initial objective is extended to deal with the new trends in Cloud services through a new model and optimization algorithms of energy efficient resource allocation for hybrid IaaS-PaaS Cloud providers. The solution is generic enough to support different type of virtualization technologies, enables both on-demand and advanced resource provisioning to deal with dynamic resource scheduling and fill the gap between IaaS and PaaS services and create a single continuum of services for Cloud users. Consequently, in the thesis, we first present a survey of the state of the art on energy efficient resource allocation in cloud environments. Next, we propose a bin packing based approach for energy efficient resource allocation for classical IaaS. We formulate the problem of energy efficient resource allocation as a bin-packing model and propose an exact energy aware algorithm based on integer linear program (ILP) for initial resource allocation. To deal with dynamic resource consolidation, an exact ILP algorithm for dynamic VM reallocation is also proposed. This algorithm is based on VM migration and aims at constantly optimizing energy efficiency at service departures. A heuristic method based on the best-fit algorithm has also been adapted to the problem. Finally, we present a graph-coloring based approach for energy efficient resource allocation in the hybrid IaaS-PaaS providers context. This approach relies on a new graph coloring based model that supports both VM and container virtualization and provides on-demand as well as advanced resource reservation. We propose and develop an exact Pre-coloring algorithm for initial/static resource allocation while maximizing energy efficiency. A heuristic Pre-coloring algorithm for initial resource allocation is also proposed to scale with problem size. To adapt reservations over time and improve further energy efficiency, we introduce two heuristic Re-coloring algorithms for dynamic resource reallocation. Our solutions are generic, robust and flexible and the experimental evaluation shows that both proposed approaches lead to significant energy savings while meeting the users' requirements
Gbaguidi, Fréjus A. Roméo. "Approche prédictive de l'efficacité énergétique dans les Clouds Datacenters". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1163.
Texto completoWith the democratization of digital technologies, the construction of a globalized cyberspace insidiously transforms our lifestyle. Connect more than 4 billion people at high speed, requires the invention of new concept of service provision and trafic management that are capable to face the challenges. For that purpose, Cloud Computing have been set up to enable Datacenters to provide part or total IT components needed by companies for timely services delivering with performance that meets the requirements of their clients. Consequently, the proliferation of Datacenters around the world has brought to light the worrying question about the amount of energy needed for their function and the resulting difficulty for the humanity, whose current reserves are not extensible indefinitely. It was therefore necessary to develop techniques that reduce the power consumption of Datacenters by minimizing the energy losses orchestrated on servers where each wasted watt results in a chain effect on a substantial increase in the overall bill of Datacenters. Our work consisted first in making a review of the literature on the subject and then testing the ability of some prediction tools to improve the anticipation of the risks of energy loss caused by the misallocation of virtual equipment on servers. This study focused particularly on the ARMA tools and neural networks which in the literature have produced interesting results in related fields. After this step, it appeared to us that ARMA tools, although having less performance than neural networks in our context, runs faster and are best suited to be implemented in cloud computing environments. Thus, we used the results of this method to improve the decision-making process, notably for the proactive re-allocation of virtual equipment before it leads to under-consumption of resources on physical servers or over-consumption inducing breaches of SLAs. Based on our simulations, this approach enabled us to reduce energy consumption on a firm of 800 servers over a period of one day by more than 5Kwh. This gain could be significant when considering the enormous size of modern data centers and projected over a relatively long period of time. It would be even more interesting to deepen this research in order to generalize the integration of this predictive approach into existing techniques in order to significantly optimize the energy consumption within Datacenters while preserving performance and quality of service which are key requirements in the concept of Cloud Computing
Haderer, Nicolas. "APISENSE® : une plate-forme répartie pour la conception, le déploiement et l’exécution de campagnes de collecte de données sur des terminaux intelligents". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10118/document.
Texto completoMobile crowdsensing is a new form of data collection that takes advantage of millions smart devices already deployed throughout the world to collect massively environmental or behavioral data from a population. Recently, this type of data collection has attracted interest from a large number of industrials and academic players in many areas, such as the study of urban mobility, environmental monitoring, health or the study of sociocultural attitudes. However, mobile crowdsensing is in its early stages of development, and many challenges remain to be addressed to take full advantage of its potential. These challenges include privacy, limited energy resources of devices, development of reward and recruitment models to select appropriates mobile users and dealing with heterogeneity of mobile platforms available. In this thesis, we aim to reconsider the architectural design of current mobile crowdsensing systems to provide a simple and effective way to design, deploy and manage data collection campaigns.The main contributions of this thesis are organize around APISENSE, the resulting platform of this research. APISENSE has been used to carry out a data collection campaign deployed over hundred of users in a sociological study and evaluated through experiments demonstrating the validity, effectiveness and scalability of our solution
Gbaguidi, Fréjus A. Roméo. "Approche prédictive de l'efficacité énergétique dans les Clouds Datacenters". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1163/document.
Texto completoWith the democratization of digital technologies, the construction of a globalized cyberspace insidiously transforms our lifestyle. Connect more than 4 billion people at high speed, requires the invention of new concept of service provision and trafic management that are capable to face the challenges. For that purpose, Cloud Computing have been set up to enable Datacenters to provide part or total IT components needed by companies for timely services delivering with performance that meets the requirements of their clients. Consequently, the proliferation of Datacenters around the world has brought to light the worrying question about the amount of energy needed for their function and the resulting difficulty for the humanity, whose current reserves are not extensible indefinitely. It was therefore necessary to develop techniques that reduce the power consumption of Datacenters by minimizing the energy losses orchestrated on servers where each wasted watt results in a chain effect on a substantial increase in the overall bill of Datacenters. Our work consisted first in making a review of the literature on the subject and then testing the ability of some prediction tools to improve the anticipation of the risks of energy loss caused by the misallocation of virtual equipment on servers. This study focused particularly on the ARMA tools and neural networks which in the literature have produced interesting results in related fields. After this step, it appeared to us that ARMA tools, although having less performance than neural networks in our context, runs faster and are best suited to be implemented in cloud computing environments. Thus, we used the results of this method to improve the decision-making process, notably for the proactive re-allocation of virtual equipment before it leads to under-consumption of resources on physical servers or over-consumption inducing breaches of SLAs. Based on our simulations, this approach enabled us to reduce energy consumption on a firm of 800 servers over a period of one day by more than 5Kwh. This gain could be significant when considering the enormous size of modern data centers and projected over a relatively long period of time. It would be even more interesting to deepen this research in order to generalize the integration of this predictive approach into existing techniques in order to significantly optimize the energy consumption within Datacenters while preserving performance and quality of service which are key requirements in the concept of Cloud Computing
Politaki, Dimitra. "Vers la modélisation de clusters de centres de données vertes". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4116.
Texto completoData center clusters energy consumption is rapidly increasing making them the fastest-growing consumers of electricity worldwide. Renewable electricity sources and especially solar energy as a clean and abundant energy can be used, in many locations, to cover their electricity needs and make them "green" namely fed by photovoltaics. This potential can be explored by predicting solar irradiance and assessing the capacity provision for data center clusters. In this thesis we develop stochastic models for solar energy; one at the surface of the Earth and a second one which models the photovoltaic output current. We then compare them to the state of the art on-off model and validate them against real data. We conclude that the solar irradiance model can better capture the multiscales correlations and is suitable for small scale cases. We then propose a new job life-cycle of a complex and real cluster system and a model for data center clusters that supports batch job submissions and cons iders both impatient and persistent customer behavior. To understand the essential computer cluster characteristics, we analyze in detail two different workload type traces; the first one is the published complex Google trace and the second, simpler one, which serves scientific purposes, is from the Nef cluster located at the research center Inria Sophia Antipolis. We then implement the marmoteCore-Q, a tool for the simulation of a family of queueing models based on our multi-server model for data center clusters with abandonments and resubmissions
Gouvy, Nicolas. "Routage géographique dans les réseaux de capteurs et d’actionneurs". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10185/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is about wireless multi-hop networks such as sensor/actuator networks and actuator networks. Those networks are composed of independent entities which have limited computing and memory capabilities and are battery powered. They communicate through the radio medium and do not require any static infrastructure. In order to relay messages between actuators up to the base station, we use what is called "routing protocols". My works rely on CoMNet, the first geographic routing protocol which aims to adapt the network topology to the routed traffic in order to save energy. Nevertheless, CoMNet does not consider the consequences of those relocations more than in a one-hop way. We proposed MobileR (Mobile Recursivity), which anticipates the routing in a multi-hop manner through computations over its one-hop neighbors. Hence it can select the “best” next forwarding node according to its knowledge. Another important topic is that events are likely to be detected by multiple sensors and all of them transmit message toward the destination. But those messages are likely to cross over an intersection node. This crossing provokes useless oscillation for it and premature node death. The PAMAL (PAth Merging ALgorithm) routing algorithm detects those routing path crossing and provokes a path merging upstream and uses a packet aggregation downstream. Finally, the Greedy Routing Recovery (GRR) protocol takes controlled mobility into account in order to increase delivery rate on topology with holes or obstacles. GRR includes a dedicated relocation pattern which will make it circumvent routing holes and create a routing path
Faheem, Yasir. "Routage avec économie d'énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fils". Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_faheem.pdf.
Texto completoLimited battery power is one of the major stringent factors in deploying Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), in spite of their numerous applications both on small scale as inWireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) and on large scale as in agricultural and habitat monitoring. Especially, stationary sink based data gathering protocols for large scaleWSNs have limited network lifetime, because relay nodes around the sink quickly deplete their battery power due to high traffic loads, making the rest of the network unreachable to the sink. On the other hand, sink mobility improves network lifetime by distributing relay nodes’ energy consumption. However, mobile sink now has to periodically update the network about its changing position. This control traffic is non-negligible for low power, limited capacity sensors as it induces energy consumption problem. In this thesis, we are considering energy efficient routing protocols in the context of WBANs and large scale WSNs. Moreover, we also address multi-channel assignment algorithm with the aim of minimizing power consumption and increasing network throughput. In the first part of this thesis, a deep analysis of the energy consumption of one hop vs multi-hop communications in WBANs is performed. In fact, recent advances in technology has led to the development of small, intelligent, wearable sensors which are capable of remotely performing critical health monitoring tasks, and then transmitting patient’s data back to health care centers over wireless medium. But to the day, energy also remains to be a big constraint in enhancing WBAN lifetime [Net12]. Some recent literature on WBANs proposes deliberate use of multi-hops to transfer data from a sensor to the gateway via relay health sensors as more energy efficient than single hop communication. There are studies which argue contrarily. In this context, we have analyzed the single vs multi-hop energy consumption effect for real very short range sensor devices. In the second part of this thesis, two distributed energy-efficient sink location update algorithms are proposed for large scale mobile sink WSNs. First algorithm, named SN- MPR, uses a combination of multi-point relay broadcast and a local path repair mechanism by means of which sink’s location update packets are forwarded only to nodes which are affected by sink mobility; the rest of the network does not receive these update messages. Next, a duty-cycle aware multi-point relay based algorithm which is a modified version of the SN-MPR algorithm is proposed. It allows non-relay nodes to switch-off their radios when communication is not desired. Simulation results show that the two aforementioned algorithms minimize network’s power consumption without compromising data delivery efficiency. The final part of this thesis deals with traffic-aware channel assignment problem in IEEE 802. 15. 4 standard-based heterogeneous WSNs which have rather high traffic rate requirements than low-rate scalar WSN applications. In fact, traditional single channel communication suffers from interferences caused by concurrent transmissions in the same neighborhood. These parallel transmissions waste battery power as multiple retransmis- sions are required before a packet can be successfully delivered at the destination due to frequent collisions. Moreover, already limited network throughput of the single channel communication protocols is further degraded at higher traffic rates due to increased colli-sions and congestion. On the other hand, concurrent transmissions over multiple channels not only reduce power consumption as packet collisions are minimized or eliminated depend- ing upon the efficiency of the concerned channel assignment algorithm, but also offer better network throughput and data delivery delays. Modern WSN platforms like crossbow’s Mi-caZ nodes [Mot12] are equipped with single, half-duplex IEEE 802. 15. 4 standard-based radio which can operate over sixteen multiple channels. In order to make effective use of multiple channels, a number of channel assignment algorithms have been proposed recently for WSNs. However, they are suitable for rather low-rate homogeneous WSNs, and they consider fixed physical channel widths. These multi-channel assignments increase network throughput, but they may not be able to ensure QoS requirements of high bandwidth de- manding multimedia traffic, as in the case of heterogeneous WSNs. In order to address the energy issue and at the same time increase network capacity, we propose a distributive Traffic-Aware Bandwidth-Adaptive (TABA) channel selection algorithm which enables the nodes to not only choose interference free channels in the neighborhood, but also to adapt channel-width to increase/decrease throughput according to varying traffic conditions
Hasan, MD Sabbir. "Smart management of renewable energy in clouds : from infrastructure to application". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0010/document.
Texto completoWith the advent of cloud enabling technologies and adoption of cloud computing, enterprise and academic institutions are moving their IT workload to the cloud. Although this prolific advancement and easy to access model have greatly impacted our scientific and industrial community in terms of reducing complexity and increasing revenue, data centers are consuming enormous amount of energy, which translates into higher carbon emission. In response, varieties of research work have focused on environmental sustainability for Cloud Computing paradigm through energy consumption reduction by devising energy efficient strategies. However, energy efficiency in cloud infrastructure alone is not going to be enough to boost carbon footprint reduction. Therefore, it is imperative to envision of smartly using green energy at infrastructure and application level for further reduction of carbon footprint. In recent years, some cloud providers are powering their data centers with renewable energy. The characteristics of renewable energy sources are highly intermittent which creates several challenges to manage them efficiently. To overcome the problem, we investigate the options and challenges to integrate different renewable energy sources in a realistic way and propose a Cloud energy broker, which can adjust the availability and price combination to buy Green energy dynamically from the energy market in advance to make a data center partially green. Later, we introduce the concept of Virtualization of Green Energy, which can be seen as an alternative to energy storage used in data center to eliminate the intermittency problem to some extent. With the adoption of virtualization concept, we maximize the usage of green energy contrary to energy storage which induces energy losses, while introduce Green Service Level Agreement based on green energy for service provider and end users. By •using realistic traces and extensive simulation and analysis, we show that, the proposal can provide an efficient, robust and cost-effective energy management scheme for data center. While an efficient energy management in the presence of intermittent green energy is necessary, how modern Cloud applications can take advantage of the presence/absence of green energy has not been studied with requisite effort. Unlike Batch applications, Interactive Cloud applications have to be always accessible and car not be scheduled in advance to match with green energy profile. Therefore, this thesis proposes an energy adaptive autoscaling solution to exploit applications internal to create green energy awareness in the application, while respecting traditional QoS properties. To elaborate, we design green energy aware application controller that takes advantage of green energy availability to perform opportunistic adaptation in an application along with performance aware application controller. Experiment is performed with real life application at Grid5000 and results show significant reduction of energy consumption while respecting traditional QoS attributes compared to performance aware approach
Hamzaoui, Khalil Ibrahim. "Contribution à la modélisation de la consommation d'énergie dans un dispositif mobile". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I030/document.
Texto completoThe main goal of this thesis is to model the power consumption of a particular application running on a mobile device. We propose a model of energy behavior monitoring, we also describe a methodology to identify the parameters of the model. To this end, we analyzed a collection of experimental data collected during my tour de France in an electric wheelchair. We applied statistical tools to obtain the parameters of the model. Finally, we validate the model by comparing the results with other experimental data.The first case study compares the evolution of the energy cost in the mobile environments of the different components of smartphones based on several energy models.- The second case study deals with the evaluation, the measurements of the energy cost consumed and the problems encountered in the methods used for the evaluation of energy consumption. For a better evaluation, the case study of energy behavior was introduced using the virtual machines.- The third case study is based on the treatment of the results of the measurements obtained during my tour of France in a connected electric wheelchair. The goal is to anticipate resource management, realizing measurements, and then tracking energy behavior in a real and diverse environment. The model can be used to define an optimal frequency in terms of energy consumption for specific situations without degrading the quality of service desired by the user
Thiam, Cheikhou. "Anti load-balancing for energy-aware distributed scheduling of virtual machines". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2441/.
Texto completoThe multiplication of Cloud computing has resulted in the establishment of largescale data centers around the world containing thousands of compute nodes. However, Cloud consume huge amounts of energy. Energy consumption of data centers worldwide is estimated at more than 1. 5% of the global electricity use and is expected to grow further. A problem usually studied in distributed systems is to evenly distribute the load. But when the goal is to reduce energy consumption, this type of algorithms can lead to have machines largely under-loaded and therefore consuming energy unnecessarily. This thesis presents novel techniques, algorithms, and software for distributed dynamic consolidation of Virtual Machines (VMs) in Cloud. The main objective of this thesis is to provide energy-aware scheduling strategies in cloud computing for energy saving. To achieve this goal, we use centralized and decentralized approaches. Contributions in this method are presented these two axes. The objective of our approach is to reduce data center's total energy consumed by controlling cloud applications' overall energy consumption while ensuring cloud applications' service level agreement. Energy consumption is reduced by dynamically deactivating and reactivating physical nodes to meet the current resource demand. The key contributions are: - First, we present an energy aware clouds scheduling using anti-load balancing algorithm : concentrate the load on a minimum number of severs. The goal is to turn off the machines released and therefore minimize the energy consumption of the system. - The second axis proposed an algorithm which works by associating a credit value with each node. The credit of a node depends on its affinity to its jobs, its current workload and its communication behavior. Energy savings are achieved by continuous consolidation of VMs according to current utilization of resources, virtual network topologies established between VMs, and thermal state of computing nodes. The experiment results, obtained with a simulator which extends CloudSim (EnerSim), show that the cloud application energy consumption and energy efficiency are being improved. - The third axis is dedicated to the consideration of a decentralized dynamic scheduling approach entitled Cooperative scheduling Anti-load balancing Algorithm for cloud. It is a decentralized approach that allows cooperation between different sites. To validate this algorithm, we have extended the simulator MaGateSim. With an extensive experimental evaluation with a real workload dataset, we got the conclusion that both the approach using centralized and decentralized algorithms can reduce energy consumed by data centers
Milent, Etienne. "Contribution à l'étude d'un actionneur asynchrone à contrôle vectoriel et de ses possibilités d'utilisation dans des applications embarquées". Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD508.
Texto completoIngelrest, François. "Protocoles localisés de diffusion et économie d'énergie dans les réseaux ad hoc et de capteurs". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00113869.
Texto completoLes réseaux de capteurs sont similaires aux réseaux ad hoc, car ils sont également décentralisés et autonomes. Un capteur est un petit appareil capable de surveiller son environnement. Des cas typiques d'utilisation peuvent être la surveillance de zones militaires (détection de mouvements) ou de forêts (détection d'incendie).
Parmi les problèmes communs à ces deux types de réseaux se trouve la diffusion. Dans une telle communication, un message est envoyé depuis un objet donné vers tous les autres du réseau. Les applications de ce processus sont nombreuses : découverte de routes, synchronisation... Comme les objets mobiles utilisent une batterie, il est nécessaire que la diffusion soit la plus économe possible d'un point de vue énergétique. Cela est généralement obtenu en réduisant la quantité de relais nécessaires, ou en limitant la puissance d'émission à chaque relais.
Le but de mon travail était d'étudier la diffusion dans les réseaux ad hoc et de capteurs, afin de mettre en lumière les caractéristiques et les défauts des mécanismes existants, puis d'en proposer de nouveaux, plus efficaces. Dans tous ces travaux, nous avons toujours voulu rester dans le domaine des solutions 'réalistes' : beaucoup des précédentes études utilisaient en effet des mécanismes centralisés, où une connaissance globale du réseau est nécessaire pour effectuer la diffusion. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur des solutions fiables et localisés, c'est-à-dire n'utilisant que des informations sur le voisinage de chaque noeud. Ce type de mécanisme permet également un passage à l'échelle simplifié, car la quantité d'informations nécessaire ne varie pas avec la taille du réseau. Nos études montrent de plus que ces solutions peuvent être aussi efficaces que les méthodes centralisées.
Puisque l'ajustement de portée est un mécanisme très important dans la conservation de l'énergie, nous avons proposé une méthode de diffusion originale, basée sur le concept de portée optimale de communication. Cette dernière est calculée de manière théorique grâce au modèle énergétique considéré, et représente le meilleur compromis entre l'énergie dépensée à chaque noeud et le nombre de relais nécessaires. Nous avons ainsi proposé deux protocoles différents basés sur ce concept, chacun étant plus spécifiquement adapté soit aux réseaux ad hoc (TR-LBOP), soit aux réseaux de capteurs (TR-DS).
Afin de réduire encore plus la consommation énergétique, nous avons étudié le fameux protocole centralisé nommé BIP. Son efficacité est due au fait qu'il considère la couverture obtenue par une seule émission omnidirectionnelle, au lieu de considérer chaque lien séparément. Nous avons proposé une solution localisée basée sur BIP, afin de construire incrémentalement une structure de diffusion. Nous avons montré de manière expérimentale que les résultats ainsi obtenus sont très proches de ceux fournis par BIP, notamment dans les réseaux de forte densité, tout en n'utilisant que des informations locales à chaque noeud.
Nous avons finalement considéré la suppression d'une hypothèse forte, largement répandue dans la communauté des réseaux ad hoc et de capteurs : l'utilisation d'un graphe du disque unitaire. Ce dernier définit la zone de communication d'un noeud comme étant un cercle parfait. Nous avons remplacé cette hypothèse par une autre plus réaliste afin d'en étudier les conséquences sur un protocole connu, le protocole de diffusion par relais multipoints (MPR). Nous avons montré que ce dernier ne fournit plus de résultats suffisants dans un tel environnement. Nous avons également proposé quelques modifications afin d'obtenir à nouveau de bons résultats.
Messai, Sarra. "Gestion de la mobilité dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1183.
Texto completoWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are increasingly invading our lives. With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT), WSNs are used in applications that require observation of the physical world and data collection. However, many obstacles inherent to the specificities of WSNs must be overcome before reaching the maturity of this technology. Among these obstacles, the resource limitations such as energy, computing capability, bandwidth and storage capability of sensor nodes. In this thesis, we focus on mobility management as a solution to improve network performance in terms of energy consumption and optimization of data collection. A mobile wireless sensor network is a network in which at least the base station is mobile.We first looked at the case where only the base station is mobile. In this context, we proposed a network organization that leverages base station mobility to optimize data collection while reducing the dissipated energy by sensor nodes. The proposed organization is based on a grid architecture and an optimized base station mobility algorithm for collecting data. We implemented our solution in the NS-2 simulation environment. The obtained simulation results show clearly the improvement of our proposal compared to other existing approaches. Then we looked at the case where the mobility is total, in other words, each sensor node in the network can be mobile. In this case, we worked on the issue of key management to ensure the security of data collection. In this context, we proposed a new key management scheme based on the random key pre-distribution. Our solution has the particularity of ensuring the self-healing of the network where sensor nodes are compromised. We evaluated and implemented our solution and compared it with two other reference schemes to show its effectiveness
Rostirolla, Gustavo. "Ordonnancement dans un centre de calculs alimenté par des sources d'énergie renouvelables sans connexion au réseau avec une charge de travail mixte basée sur des phases". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30160.
Texto completoDue to the increase of cloud, web-services and high performance computing demands all over the world, datacenters are now known to be one of the biggest actors when talking about energy consumption. In 2006 alone, datacenters were responsible for consuming 61.4 billion kWh in the United States. When looking at the global scenario, datacenters are currently consuming more energy than the entire United Kingdom, representing about 1.3\% of world's electricity consumption, and being even called the factories of the digital age. Supplying datacenters with clean-to-use renewable energy is therefore essential to help mitigate climate change. The vast majority of cloud provider companies that claim to use green energy supply on their datacenters consider the classical grid, and deploy the solar panels/wind turbines somewhere else and sell the energy to electricity companies, which incurs in energy losses when the electricity travels throughout the grid. Even though several efforts have been conducted at the computing level in datacenters partially powered by renewable energy sources, the scheduling considering on site renewable energy sources and its variations, without connection to the grid can still be widely explored. Since energy efficiency in datacenters is directly related to the resource consumption of the computing nodes, performance optimization and an efficient load scheduling are essential for energy saving. Today, we observe the use of cloud computing as the basis of datacenters, either in a public or private fashion. The main particularity of our approach is that we consider a power envelope composed only by renewable energy as a constraint, hence with a variable amount of power available at each moment. The scheduling under this kind of constraint becomes more complex: without further checks, we are not ensured that a running task will run until completion. We start by addressing the IT load scheduling of batch tasks, which are characterized by their release time, due date and resource demand, in a cloud datacenter while respecting the aforementioned power envelope. The data utilized for the batch tasks comes from datacenter traces, containing CPU, memory and network values. The power envelopes considered, represent an estimation which would be provided by a power decision module and is the expected power production based on weather forecasts. The aim is to maximize the Quality of Service with a variable constraint on electrical power. Furthermore, we explore a workload composed by batch and services, where the resources consumption varies over time. The traces utilized for the service tasks originate from business critical datacenter. In this case we rely on the concept of phases, where each significant resource change in the resources consumption constitutes a new phase of the given task. In this task model phases could also receive less resources than requested. The reduction of resources can impact the QoS and consequently the datacenter profit. In this approach we also include the concept of cross-correlation to evaluate where to place a task under a power curve, and what is the best node to place tasks together (i.e. sharing resources). Finally, considering the previous workload of batch tasks and services, we present an approach towards handling unexpected events in the datacenter. More specifically we focus on IT related events such as tasks arriving at any given time, demanding more or less resources than expected, or having a different finish time than what was initially expected. We adapt the proposed algorithms to take actions depending on which event occurs, e.g. task degradation to reduce the impact on the datacenter profit
Sbai, Hugo. "Système de vidéosurveillance intelligent et adaptatif, dans un environnement de type Fog/Cloud". Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I018.
Texto completoCCTV systems use sophisticated cameras (network cameras, smart cameras) and computer servers for video recording in a fully digital system. They often integrate hundreds of cameras generating a huge amount of data, far beyond human agent monitoring capabilities. One of the most important and modern challenges, in this field, is to scale an existing cloud-based video surveillance system with multiple heterogeneous smart cameras and adapt it to a Fog / Cloud architecture to improve performance without a significant cost overhead. Recently, FPGAs are becoming more and more present in FCIoT (FoG-Cloud-IoT) platform architectures. These components are characterized by dynamic and partial configuration modes, allowing platforms to quickly adapt themselves to changes resulting from an event, while increasing the available computing power. Today, such platforms present a certain number of serious scientific challenges, particularly in terms of deployment and positioning of FoGs. This thesis proposes a video surveillance model composed of plug & play smart cameras, equipped with dynamically reconfigurable FPGAs on a hierarchical FOG / CLOUD basis. In this highly dynamic and scalable system, both in terms of intelligent cameras (resources) and in terms of targets to track, we propose an automatic and optimized approach for camera authentication and their dynamic association with the FOG components of the system. The proposed approach also includes a methodology for an optimal allocation of hardware trackers to the electronic resources available in the system to maximize performance and minimize power consumption. All contributions have been validated with a real size prototype
Madon, Maël. "Étude de comportements de sobriété dans les centres de calculs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES046.
Texto completoThe Information Technologies (IT) industry has an increasing carbon footprint (2.1-3.9% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2020), incompatible with the rapid decarbonization needed to mitigate climate change. Data centers hold a significant share due to their electricity consumption amounting to 1% of the global electricity consumption in 2018. To reduce this footprint, research has mainly focused on energy efficiency measures and use of renewable energy. While these works are needed, they also convey the risk of rebound effects, i.e., a growth in demand as a result of the efficiency gains. For this reason, it appears essential to accompany them with sufficiency measures, i.e., a conscious use of these technologies with the aim to decrease the total energy and resource consumption. In this thesis, we introduce a model for data centers and their users. In the first part, we focus on direct users, interacting with the infrastructure by submitting jobs. We define five sufficiency behaviors they can adopt to reduce their stress on the infrastructure, namely Delay, Reconfig, Space Degrad, Time Degrad and Renounce. We characterize these behaviors through simulation on real-world inputs. The results allow us to classify them according to their energy saving potential, impact on scheduling metrics and effort required from users. One drawback of sufficiency behaviors is their inertia, that we explain with appropriate metrics. We investigate thereafter the behaviors' usefulness in the context of renewable energy management. A three-state energy feedback mechanism informs the users on the status of electricity production. We show that adopting the sufficiency behaviors when renewable energy is scarce leads to brown energy savings. Savings are proportional to the efforts made by users. In the second part, we build upon our user model and implementation to tackle an open issue in distributed system simulation. Most works use recorded traces to simulate workloads, by replaying jobs of the same characteristics and same submission time. However, this model is problematic when the performance of the simulated infrastructure differs from that of the original infrastructure. We model and implement "replay with feedback", a way of using recorded traces, preserving the think time between jobs rather than the original dates of submission. We provide an in-depth analysis of our method's impact with the help of novel metrics. In the last part, we shift our focus to indirect users of data centers by studying professional cloud users. We design and conduct a qualitative study to investigate what a sufficient use of the cloud would mean, in practice. The study involves three focus groups analyzed through thematic analysis. The results provide a preliminary picture of the nature of our digital professional needs, along with a list of "tactics towards sufficiency", concrete actions to focus on the essential while limiting environmental footprint. This manuscript offers an insight into digital sufficiency in data centers, involving both simulation and social sciences. We hope that our open-source code and reproducible simulation campaigns will be useful for future works in that direction
Péneau, Pierre-Yves. "Intégration de technologies de mémoires non volatiles émergentes dans la hiérarchie de caches pour améliorer l'efficacité énergétique". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS108/document.
Texto completoToday, intensive efforts to design energy-efficient and high-performance systems-on-chip (SoCs) are underway. Moore’s end in the early 20 th century pushed designers to increase the number of core per processor to continue to improve the performance. As a result, the silicon area occupied by cache memories has increased. The ever smaller technology node also increased the leakage current of CMOS transistors. Thus, the energy consumption of memories represents an increasingly important part in the overall consumption of chips.To reduce this energy consumption, new memory technologies have emerged overthe past decade : non-volatile memories (NVM). These memories have the particularity of having a very low leakage current compared to conventional CMOS technologies. In fact, their use in an architecture would reduce the overall consumption of the cache hierarchy. However, these technologies sufferfrom higher access latencies than SRAM, higher access energy costs and limitedlifetime. Their integration into SoCs requires a continuous research effort.This thesis work aims to evaluate the impact of a change in technology in the cache hierarchy. More specifically, we are interested in the Last-Level Cache(LLC) and we consider the STT-MRAM technology. Our work adopts an architectural point of view in which a modification of the technology is not retained. Then,we try to integrate the different characteristics of the STT-MRAM atarchitectural level when designing the memory hierarchy. A first study set upan architectural exploration framework for systems containing emerging memories. A second study on architectural optimizations at LLC was conducted toidentify opportunities for the integration of STT-MRAM. The goal is to improve energy efficiency while reducing access penalties due to the high latency ofthis technology
Ben, Ammar Amira. "Approche cross-layer pour la minimisation d’énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1191.
Texto completoWireless sensor networks (WSN) can be defined as an ad hoc network consisting of miniaturized autonomous entities, called sensor nodes which communicate with each other over a radio link. WSNs is a research topic which has gained a lot of interest due, in particular, to new routing problems under low node capacity and high network lifetime constraints.WSNs differ from wired networks in their characteristics and limitations which have motivated the development of a new cross-layer design that ignores certain paradigms of the classical approach allowing the mutual exchange of information even between non-adjacent layers. This approach, which is not yet standardized, has gained a lot of attention through several works aiming to energy consumption minimization under a required QoS (Quality of Service).In this thesis, our contributions can be classified are twofold according to the considered routing strategy namely the ad-hoc routing and clustering based routing.In the first part, we propose a new adaptable and extensible cross-layer design called XL-AODV (Cross Layer AODV) based on the exchange of the SNR (Signal-to-Noise-Ratio) between the network and the physical layer which has been modelled by the K distribution.We evaluate under the NS2 simulator, the performance of XL-AODV. A comparative analysis with AODV, showed for different network configurations, the efficiency of our proposition in terms of energy saving and end-to-end latency.In the second part, we propose an XL-LEACH approach which is an improvement of the original version of LEACH by its adapting to dense and large scale sensor networks. We have also taken into account the characteristics of the physical layer modelled by the K distribution.In a third part, XL-CLEACH (XL Cooperative LEACH) approach is introduced to improve XL-LEACH by integrating the cooperative communication at the MAC layer.We have proved through an analytical study and validated by simulations, the gain in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime and SER (Symbol Error Rate). The XL-LEACH and XL-CLEACH architecture were implemented under MATLAB
Gallais, Antoine. "Ordonnancement d'Activité dans les Réseaux de Capteurs : l'Exemple de la Couverture de surface". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00256841.
Texto completoNous avons choisi d'étudier des approches localisées uniquement, ne reposant sur aucune infrastructure. L'objectif est d'obtenir un comportement global cohérent à partir de décisions individuelles simples issues d'informations locales. Chaque noeud décide de sa propre activité en ne se basant que sur l'observation de ses propres voisins. Les changements de topologie du réseau (dus à la mobilité, aux pannes ou à des changements de statut) ne sont par conséquent vécus par les noeuds que comme de simples modifications de leurs voisinages. Ceci permet d'obtenir des solutions robustes, adaptables et surtout passables à l'échelle, aspect extrêmement important dans des réseaux où les densités évoquées peuvent être d'une centaine de noeuds par zone de communication.
Nos propositions se distinguent non seulement parce qu'elles considèrent les problèmes de connexité et de couverture de zone comme n'en étant qu'un seul, mais aussi de par leur faible coût en communication ainsi que par leur robustesse. Nous avons ensuite étudié diverses méthodes d'extension à la couverture multiple où tout point de la zone doit être couvert par un nombre fixé de capteurs actifs. Enfin, nous avons évalué toutes ces approches à l'aide de modèles de communication réalistes, montrant que nos solutions conservent toute leur cohérence, en termes de couverture et de connexité. En revanche, aux protocoles classiques souffrant de pertes de performances, nous avons proposé des mécanismes améliorerant leur comportement dans des environnements réalistes.
Laubé, Alexandre. "Agrégation de trafic pour réduire la consommation énergétique globale dans les réseaux sans fil multi-sauts". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS298/document.
Texto completoEconomic and ecologic incentives are now leading people to design networks with energetic considerations at early stages of development. Most of the works for multi-hop wireless networks tend to spread the traffic uniformly over the network to reduce the energy consumption of each node individually. However, considering that the traffic of a node doesn't impact significantly its energy consumption, this approach is not optimal regarding the global energy consumption of the network. Finding a way to turnoff as much node as possible seems then to be a better way. This PhD thesis focus on routing a set of flows over a multi-hop wireless network while minimizing the number of used nodes. This is done by using a distributed metric that allows the shortest path routing algorithms to perform flow aggregation. Using integer linear programming and simulations, we proposed an efficient solution to aggregate flows to significantly reduce the number of nodes used in the network. It allows, then, to improve algorithms that reduce the energy consumption of networks by increasing the number of nodes that can be turned off
Jemili, Imen. "Clusterisation et conservation d’énergie dans les réseaux ad hoc hybrides à grande échelle". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13818/document.
Texto completoRelying on a virtual infrastructure seems a promising approach to overcome the scalability problem in large scale ad hoc networks. First, we propose a clustering mechanism, TBCA ‘Tiered based Clustering algorithm’, operating in a layered manner and exploiting the eventual collision to accelerate the clustering process. Our mechanism does not necessitate any type of neighbourhood knowledge, trying to alleviate the network from some control messages exchanged during the clustering and maintenance process. Since the energy consumption is still a critical issue, we combining a clustering technique and the power saving mode in order to conserve energy without affecting network performance. The main contribution of our power saving approach lies on the differentiation among packets based on the amount of network resources they have been so far consumed. Besides, the proposed structure of the beacon interval can be adjusted dynamically and locally by each node according to its own specific requirements. We propose also a routing algorithm, LCR ‘Layered Cluster based Routing’. The basic idea consists on assigning additional tasks to a limited set of dominating nodes, satisfying specific requirements while exploiting the benefits of our clustering algorithm TBCA
Ben, Rekhissa Hajer. "Réduction de la consommation énergétique dans les modules M2M utilisant la technologie LTE/LTE-A". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4085.
Texto completoMachine-to-Machine (M2M) communication, which refers to the interaction between intelligent devices without human intervention, is gaining more prominence in mobile cellular networks. Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) networks are considered excellent candidates to support M2M communication. However, M2M communication over LTE/LTE-A networks faces some challenges. The main challenge is how to reduce energy consumption for M2M devices, as the majority of them are battery driven. The aim of this thesis is to propose solutions to reduce energy consumption in M2M devices over LTE/LTE-A technologies. We proposed two approaches; the first one consists of increasing time spent in low power mode by buffering data until reaching given thresholds of number of buffered data and maximum delay authorized. This approach allows to reduce signaling from idle state to connected state. Besides, it considers quality of service (QoS) requirements. The second approach consists of proposing two uplink schedulers which take into account the coexistence of M2M and Human-to-Human (H2H) devices. Both of them consider channel quality while allocating resource blocks, which have a consequence reducing energy consumption in M2M devices. Our second algorithm consider, also, delay constraint
Jlassi, Aymen. "Optimisation de la gestion des ressources sur une plate-forme informatique du type Big Data basée sur le logiciel Hadoop". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4042.
Texto completo"Cyres-Group" is working to improve the response time of his clusters Hadoop and optimize how the resources are exploited in its data center. That is, the goals are to finish work as soon as possible and reduce the latency of each user of the system. Firstly, we decide to work on the scheduling problem in the Hadoop system. We consider the problem as the problem of scheduling a set of jobs on a homogeneous platform. Secondly, we decide to propose tools, which are able to provide more flexibility during the resources management in the data center and ensure the integration of Hadoop in Cloud infrastructures without unacceptable loss of performance. Next, the second level focuses on the review of literature. We conclude that, existing works use simple mathematical models that do not reflect the real problem. They ignore the main characteristics of Hadoop software. Hence, we propose a new model ; we take into account the most important aspects like resources management and the relations of precedence among tasks and the data management and transfer. Thus, we model the problem. We begin with a simplistic model and we consider the minimisation of the Cmax as the objective function. We solve the model with mathematical solver CPLEX and we compute a lower bound. We propose the heuristic "LocFirst" that aims to minimize the Cmax. In the third level, we consider a more realistic modelling of the scheduling problem. We aim to minimize the weighted sum of the following objectives : the weighted flow time ( ∑ wjCj) and the makespan (Cmax). We compute a lower bound and we propose two heuristics to resolve the problem
Ben, Ammar Amira. "Approche cross-layer pour la minimisation d’énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1191/document.
Texto completoWireless sensor networks (WSN) can be defined as an ad hoc network consisting of miniaturized autonomous entities, called sensor nodes which communicate with each other over a radio link. WSNs is a research topic which has gained a lot of interest due, in particular, to new routing problems under low node capacity and high network lifetime constraints.WSNs differ from wired networks in their characteristics and limitations which have motivated the development of a new cross-layer design that ignores certain paradigms of the classical approach allowing the mutual exchange of information even between non-adjacent layers. This approach, which is not yet standardized, has gained a lot of attention through several works aiming to energy consumption minimization under a required QoS (Quality of Service).In this thesis, our contributions can be classified are twofold according to the considered routing strategy namely the ad-hoc routing and clustering based routing.In the first part, we propose a new adaptable and extensible cross-layer design called XL-AODV (Cross Layer AODV) based on the exchange of the SNR (Signal-to-Noise-Ratio) between the network and the physical layer which has been modelled by the K distribution.We evaluate under the NS2 simulator, the performance of XL-AODV. A comparative analysis with AODV, showed for different network configurations, the efficiency of our proposition in terms of energy saving and end-to-end latency.In the second part, we propose an XL-LEACH approach which is an improvement of the original version of LEACH by its adapting to dense and large scale sensor networks. We have also taken into account the characteristics of the physical layer modelled by the K distribution.In a third part, XL-CLEACH (XL Cooperative LEACH) approach is introduced to improve XL-LEACH by integrating the cooperative communication at the MAC layer.We have proved through an analytical study and validated by simulations, the gain in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime and SER (Symbol Error Rate). The XL-LEACH and XL-CLEACH architecture were implemented under MATLAB
Chkirbene, Zina. "Network topologies for cost reduction and QoS improvement in massive data centers". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCK002/document.
Texto completoData centers (DC) are being built around the world to provide various cloud computing services. One of the fundamental challenges of existing DC is to design a network that interconnects massive number of nodes (servers)1 while reducing DC' cost and energy consumption. Several solutions have been proposed (e.g. FatTree, DCell and BCube), but they either scale too fast (i.e., double exponentially) or too slow. Effcient DC topologies should incorporate high scalability, low latency, low Average Path Length (APL), high Aggregated Bottleneck Throughput (ABT) and low cost and energy consumption. Therefore, in this dissertation, different solutions have been proposed to overcome these problems. First, we propose a novel DC topology called LCT (Linked Cluster Topology) as a new solution for building scalable and cost effective DC networking infrastructures. The proposed topology reduces the number of redundant connections between clusters of nodes, while increasing the numbers of nodes without affecting the network bisection bandwidth. Furthermore, in order to reduce the DCs cost and energy consumption, we propose first a new static energy saving topology called VacoNet (Variable Connection Network) that connects the needed number of servers while reducing the unused materials (cables, switches). Also, we propose a new approach that exploits the correlation in time of internode communication and some topological features to maximize energy saving without too much impacting the average path length
Bouallegue, Mehdi. "Protocoles de communication et optimisation de l'énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1011/document.
Texto completoWireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of a large number of sensor nodes that are typicallybattery-powered and designed to operate for a long period. Application areas are many and varied, such as the environmental field, medical and military.The major advantage of this device is a large-scale deployment without any maintenance. The sensors do not need to achieve an established infrastructure to transmit vital data to the study of the environment. It is also necessary to ensure good quality service, because without son sensor networks must incorporate mechanisms that allow users to extend the life of the entire network, as each node is supplied by a limited power source and generally irreplaceable. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the power consumption at all levels of design of this type of network. Accordingly, minimization of power consumption is one of the most important design factors in sensor networks.The aim of this thesis is study the different existing routing techniques in a context without multi-hop son to get better performance. We carry our study of the most popular routing protocols to offer in a second part a new routing protocol for optimizing energy consumption without son sensor networks, keeping an optimal quality of service
Antilahy, Herimpitia Tsilavina Chrystelle. "Développement et mise en œuvre d’un mécanisme « 4D-addressing Wakeup radio » pour la réduction de la consommation d’énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil". Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0038.
Texto completoWireless sensor networks that are suitable for a wide range of applications, represent a promising solution that meets any requirement for continuous monitoring. The energy autonomy of sensor nodes constitutes a vulnerability factor that directly affects their longevity and the capacity of the network to ensure long coverage of the geographical area of interest. Energy consumption management is the only way to increase the lifespan of these networks and to give them a reasonable autonomy. Software solutions proposed through MAC protocols, bring significant improvements to the minimization of the energy expenditure of sensor nodes. They reduce the idle-listening periods which represents the most expensive operation in terms of energy, in the operation of the wireless sensor nodes. However, Focusing lonely on these solutions is not enough to guarantee acceptable longevity. The only way to optimize energy conservation in the WSN is to constantly put each node in low power mode and use a wakeup mechanism through wake-up signals. This involves the use of low-power wake-up circuits that provide channel monitoring, and trigger node wake-up only whenever event of interest occurs. In this context, a significant amount of work has proposed the use of an addressing mechanism (MAC addresses or other binary informations), to allow non-concerned nodes to quickly return to their sleep state. This approach is interesting, but involves a significant energy expenditure, related to address information’s reception and processing at all nodes. The most energy efficient solution would be the use of another type of address. This thesis is part of the context of minimizing the energy consumption of the WSN, using an addressing system that allows sensor nodes to receive and process the wake-up signals, without turning on their main communication module. It is to eliminate the energy expenditure related to the RF module’s activation and the reception of address packets, by exploiting wakeup signals duration. Our solution is based on the hardware characteristics of the microcontroller (IRQ, Timer/Counter) of sensor nodes. It reduces the complexities related to wakeup signals conditioning. Our solution is implemented on a small network. Its evaluations were done experimentally and its energy performance is compared to a conventional wake-up mechanism without addressing,and a conventional scheme based on duty-cycling
Sayadi, Afef. "Medium access protocol (MAC) design for wireless multi-hop ad hoc and sensor networks". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TELE0002/document.
Texto completoWireless multi-hop ad hoc and sensor networks provide a promising solution to ensure ubiquitous connectivity for the Future Internet. Good network connectivity requires designing a reliable Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol, which is a challenging task in the ad hoc and sensor environments. The broadcast and shared nature of the wireless channel renders the bandwidth resources limited and expose the transmissions to relatively high collisions and loss rates. The necessity to provide guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) to the upper layers triggered the design of conflict-free MAC protocols. The TDMA synchronization constraint is basically behind the rush of MAC protocol design based on a fixed frame size. This design shows inflexibility towards network variations and creates a network dimensioning issue that leads to a famine risk in case the network is under-dimensioned, and to a waste of resources, otherwise. Moreover, the alternative dynamic protocols provide more adaptive solutions to network topology variations at the expense of a fair access to the channel. Alongside with the efficient channel usage and the fair medium access, reducing the energy consumption represents another challenge for ad hoc and sensor networks. Solutions like node activity scheduling tend to increase the network lifetime while fulfilling the application requirements in terms of throughput and delay, for instance. Our contributions, named OSTR and S-OSTR, address the shortcomings of the medium access control protocol design in the challenging environment of wireless multi-hop ad hoc and sensor networks, respectively. For OSTR the idea consists in adopting a dynamic TDMA frame size that increases slot-by-slot according to the nodes arrival/departure to/from the network, and aiming to achieve a minimum frame size. For this end, OSTR couples three major attributes: (1) performing slot-by-slot frame size increase, (2) providing a spatial reuse scheme that favors the reuse of the same slot if possible, (3) and ensuring an on-demand frame size increase only according to the node requirements in terms of throughput. To tackle different frame sizes co-existence in the network, OSTR brings a cooperative solution that consists in fixing an appointment, a date when the frame size in the network is increased. Concerning S-OSTR, it is an amendment of OSTR for wireless sensor networks. It brings the idea of a dynamic active period, since it deploys a dynamic frame size that is built slot-by-slot according to nodes arrival to the network. S-OSTR enforces the slot-by-slot frame size increase by a node activity scheduling to prolong the inactivity period in the network, and hence prolong the overall network lifetime for wireless sensor networks. Our contributions are both based on the new dynamic TDMA frame size increase that consists in increasing the frame size slot-by-slot aiming to achieve a shorter frame size, and hence improve the channel utilization, and reduce the energy consumption. The performance analysis of OSTR and S-OSTR shows that they present good potentials to support QoS requirements, to provide energy-efficiency, to ensure fair medium access, to accommodate network topology changes and finally, to enhance robustness against scalability. The impact of this new TDMA frame size increase technique on the medium access control protocol performance is highlighted through multiple simulations of OSTR and S-OSTR. Multiple comparative studies are also handled to point out the effectiveness of this new technique and the soundness of our contributions
Guibourdenche, Julien. "Préoccupations et agencements dans les contextes d'activité domestique : Contribution à la conception de situations informatiques diffuses, appropriables et énergétiquement efficaces". Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068697.
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