Tesis sobre el tema "Infertilité masculine"
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Said, Lamia. "Aromatase, estrogènes et infertilité masculine". Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2020.
Texto completoThe involvement of aromatase in the quality of the spermatozoa was undertaken in Tunisian patients with abnormal mobility and morphology spermatozoa and undergoing infertility assessment. A significant decrease of aromatase transcript was noted in both teratozoospermia and asthenoteratozoospermia groups compared with normozoospermia. Asthenozoospermia group was divided into two sub-groups with aromatase mRNA rates lowered in the first and increased in the second. Moreover, a significant correlation between mRNA aromatase and the percentage of sperm morphology and/or MAI was recorded. The seminal plasma biochemical parameters in these patients revealed a significant reduction of fructose level in the asthenozoospermic in comparison with asthenoteratozoospermic patients. The correlation analysis reveals that neutral a- glucosidase is correlated with seminal volume and pH; citric acid with pH and fructose with seminal volume, sperm count and morphology. The implication of aromatase and estrogen receptor alpha gene in the sterility of chromosomal hybrid mice resulting from crosses between Robertsonian (22Rb) 2n = 22 and standard (40Std) 2n = 40 domestics mice was verified by the analysis of the expression of aromatase and estrogens receptor alpha genes. Our data showed no difference of mRNA rates of these two markers in the testes between hybrids and parental races but, in females a reduced level of aromatase ARNm was observed in the ovaries of hybrids resulting from the cross (♀40Std×♂22Rb)
Dupont, Charlotte. "Impact de la corpulence masculine et de la nutrition maternelle sur les fonctions de reproduction masculine". Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA132048.
Texto completoFerfouri, Fatma. "Anomalies génétiques et épigénétiques de l’ADN spermatique et infertilité masculine". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0054.
Texto completoThe male infertility seems to increase for several decades. Infertility etiologies are multiple, but the genetic and epigenetic causes are important. Here, we tried to study, the abnormalities carried by spermatozoa and sometimes transmissible in the conceptus. This work contains three parts, in a first time, the infertility linked with abnomalities of constitutionel karyotype by studying the consequences for the chromosomal risk with the risk estimated on all spermatozoa, in a second time, the infertility, with normal constitutionel karyotype, where the genetic origin was sometimes demonstrated and sperm morphology altered with macrocephalic sperm, Globozoospermia and spermatozoa with large or small vacuoles and in fine, DNA methylation abnormalities in various azoospermic aetiologies. These approaches have a triple interest because, it estimate the risks for conceptus and advice patients care, guide the choice of spermatozoa to be injected in the oocyte
Nguyen, Minh Huong. "Infertilité masculine : fragmentation de l'ADN spermatique, ségrégation méiotique et facteurs génétiques". Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0034/document.
Texto completoInfertility affects about 15% of couples with male factor found in half of the cases. This Ph.D thesisinvestigates three causes of male infertility including chromosomal abnormality, genetic disorderand factors related to alterations in sperm DNA quality. The thesis is organized into two parts.In the first part, the chromosomal equipment and sperm DNA fragmentation in gametes of infertilemen were assessed by FISH and TUNEL. On the one hand, a high rate of aneuploid gametes andsperm DNA fragmentation were observed in four patients with gonosomal mosaicism. On the otherhand, analysis of chromosomal equipment and sperm nuclear DNA in each gamete from 13 patientswith structural chromosome abnormalities showed that unbalanced gametes have more fragmentedDNA than normal or balanced ones.In the second part, a technique for analysing the transcriptome in spermatozoa was developed onfresh and frozen semen. In fact, the combination of a discontinuous density gradient and a somaticcell lysis solution makes it possible to completely eliminate somatic cells and to recover as manysperms in the semen as possible. The XS NucleoSpin RNA kit (Macherey Nagel) was found to bemore suitable for RNA extraction than the RNA extraction kit from Qiagen. The purity of sperm RNA was verified by both RT-PCR and the Bíoanalyzer 2100. These two methods have yieldedsimilar and consistent results. The microarray analysis showed that fresh sperms do not share thesame gene expression profile than frozen ones
Kichine, Elsa. "Spermiogenèse et infertilité masculine : étude des transcrits du gène UBA1, codant pour l'enzyme activatrice de l'ubiquitine et évaluation génétique de deux variants dans le gène PRM1 codant pour la protamine1". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20677.
Texto completoThe majority of genes on the X chromosome are repressed during meiosis and only 6% of them are expressed in post meiotic germ cells. One of these genes is Ubal, encoding the ubiquitin-activating enzyme UBA1. Ubal produces three different transcripts, two of which are ubiquitously expressed while the third is predominant in the post meiotic germ cells: the spermatids. Our study shows that the 5’UTR, which is the only difference between these transcripts, determines the localization and the relative dose of the nuclear and cytoplasmic isoform of the UBA1 protein. The spermatid-specific transcript encodes for the nuclear isoform in the spermatids in the mouse suggesting that the UBA1 protein is implicated in chromatin remodeling during spermiogenesis. We have detected two mutations in the spermatid-specific region of the UBA1 gene in two infertile men: a deletion of 13bp and a G>A transition, neither of which was found in our cohort of fertile men. The deletion of 13bp diminishes the correct splicing of the spermatid-specific transcript and that the G>A transition may reduce expression of the spermatid-specific transcript. These results show that the UBA1 gene is involved in spermiogenesis, and reactivated in spermatids by its spermatid-specific transcript and that the mutations identified may induce infertility by reducing UBA1 levels in spermatids. We have also demonstrated that two variants described in the protamine codant gene PRM1C.102G>T and c.-107G>C are clearly not associated with male infertility and that the c.-107G>C is polymorphism frequently found in the congolese population
Besson, Jaoul Monique. "Infertilité masculine et blessures symboliques dans la filiation : une étude comparative et psychodynamique". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070048.
Texto completoThe object of this study is the history of a set of infertile men through a filiation grid, based on psychoanalytical approach ; it examines the genealogical tree and applies the filiation grid to a sample of 30 înfertle men met in art departement cornpared to a reference group. The resuit shows a statistical difference in the two population. We can therefore assume than in the past génération play a part in some case of infertility
Marchetti, Carole. "L'apoptose dans le sperme éjaculé : une piste pour le développement de nouveaux marqueurs potentiels de l'infertilité masculine ?" Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S057.
Texto completoKherraf, Zine-Eddine. "Exploration génétique et moléculaire de défauts post-méiotiques sévères de la spermatogenèse entrainant une infertilité masculine". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS010/document.
Texto completoInfertility is currently considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a major health concern affecting more than 50 million couples worldwide. In western countries, the majority of infertile couples seek assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to achieve a pregnancy. Despite the success of these techniques, almost half of these couples fail to obtain a child. Part of these failures are explained by the alteration of gametogenesis. In humans, spermatogenesis involves hundreds of genes specifically expressed in the testis. The abundance of these genes suggests that spermatogenic defects are associated with a strong genetic component. Recently, technical advances have led to the identification of numerous causative genes, but the vast majority of male infertility cases remain idiopathic. The aim of the present thesis is to identify new genetic causes responsible for male infertility and to elucidate the physiopathological mechanisms associated with these anomalies.During my thesis, I participated with the team GETI (genetics, epigenetics and therapies of infertility) in the genetic exploration of two phenotypes of male infertility related to post-meiotic defects of spermatogenesis: a rare form of non-obstructive azoospermia and the phenotype of multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF). I have also played a key role in creation and analysis of transgenic mice to better characterize the pathogeny of the identified genetic causes in Human.Genetic analyses performed on two infertile brothers born form consanguineous parents and presenting an-idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia associated with a post-meiotic arrest of spermatogenesis allowed us to identify a homozygous variant in the SPINK2 gene that encodes a serine-protease inhibitor. Phenotypic analysis of Spink2-/- adult male mice showed that they are infertile and perfectly mimic the sperm and testicular phenotypes observed in our patients. We showed that Spink2 protein is expressed from the round spermatid stage and localized in the acrosome, a lysosomal-like vesicle rich in proteases that play a key role during fertilization. When Spink2 is absent, the deregulated proteolytic activity of the targeted proteases such as acrosin leads to the fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus and arrest of spermiogenesis at the round spermatid stage. We also showed that sperm from heterozygous human and mice present a high level of morphological abnormalities and a decrease of progressive motility leading to a variable subfertility. These results showed for the first time that oligo-teratozoospermia and azoospermia could present a pathological continuum due to the same pathogeny.We also performed exome sequencing in a cohort of 78 non related MMAF subjects and identified in 49 cases deleterious bi-allelic mutations in a total of 11 candidate genes including DNAH1, CFAP43, CFAP44, WDR66 and FSIP2 giving a genetic diagnosis yield of 63%. These results confirm the genetic heterogeneity of MMAF and the efficiency of high throughput sequencing in genetic exploration of this phenotype. We also demonstrated the pathogenic implication of certain candidate genes (n=4) using knock-out mice created by the new technology of genome editing, CRISPR/Cas9.Overall, this work demonstrates the interest and effectiveness of combining exome sequencing and CRISPR/Cas9 system to study spermatogenesis disorders and male infertility
Coutton, Charles. "Caractérisation génétique de moléculaire et l'infertilité masculine : applications à plusieurs formes sévères de tératozoospermie". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS023.
Texto completoMale infertility affects more than 20 million men worldwide and represents a major health concern. Although multifactorial, male infertility has a strong genetic basis which has so far not been extensively studied. The objectives of my thesis were to initiate and conduct some genetic investigations on three specific phenotypes of teratozoospermia: macrozoospermia, globozoospermia and multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF).For the first phenotype, we studied 87 patients with macrozoospermia, including 83 index cases, and identified c.144delC, a pathogenic mutation in the AURKC gene in 82% of patients (68/83) confirming that this variant is the main cause of macrozoospermia. A new recurrent mutation, p.Y248*, leading to degradation of the mutant transcripts by non-sense mediated mRNA decay was identified in 10 unrelated patients. Patients with no identified AURKC mutation have a decreased rate of spermatozoa with a large head and multiple flagella. Identification of two ancestral mutations in AURKC maintained during evolution despite their negative effect on reproduction in homozygous men, raises the question of a potential selective advantage provided by the AURKC haploinsufficiency.For the second phenotype, we first analyzed 34 patients presenting with globozoospermia using MLPA (multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification) and Sanger sequencing. In total, 22 of the 30 unrelated patients where homozygous for the DPY19L2 deletion (73.3%) and 3 novel point mutations were identified. These results suggest that the molecular investigation of the DPY19L2 gene in globozoospermic patients should not be limited to the detection of the DPY19L2 genomic deletion and open interesting perspectives for the identification of DPY19L2 partners during acrosome biogenesis. Subsequently, we demonstrated that the genomic deletion was mediated by Non-Allelic Homologous Recombination (NAHR) between two homologous 28-Kb Low Copy Repeats (LCRs) located on each side of the gene. The vast majority of genomic breakpoints fell within a 1.2-Kb region central to the 28-Kb LCR. A 13-mer consensus sequence is located in the centre of that 1.2-Kb region recognized by PRDM9, a multi-unit zinc finger binding protein that promotes the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiating the homologous recombination process. The accepted theoretical NAHR model predicts that during meiosis, NAHR produces more deleted than duplicated alleles. Surprisingly, array-CGH data show that, in the general population, DPY19L2 duplicated alleles are approximately three times as frequent as deleted alleles. In order to shed light on this paradox, we developed a sperm-based digital PCR to measure the de novo rates of deletions and duplications at this locus. As predicted by the NAHR model, we identified an excess of de novo deletions over duplications. These discording results may be explained by the purifying selection against sterile, homozygous deleted men. Heterozygous deleted men might also suffer a small fitness penalty.Lastly, for the third phenotype, homozygosity mapping was carried out on a cohort of 20 North African individuals, presenting with primary infertility resulting from impaired sperm motility caused by a mosaic of multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF). Five unrelated subjects out of 18 (28%) carried a homozygous variant in DNAH1, which encodes an inner dynein heavy chain and is expressed in testis. RT-PCR and immunostaining studies confirmed the pathogenic effect of one of these mutations located on a donor splice site. Electronic microscopy revealed a general axonemal disorganization including mislocalization of the microtubule doublets and loss of the inner dynein arms suggesting that DNAH1 plays a critical role in sperm flagellum biogenesis and assembly
Fellmann, Florence. "Génétique et infertilité masculine : étude d'une population d'hommes infertiles et contribution à la caractérisation de la pathologie moléculaire du chromosome Y". Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA0024.
Texto completoThe study of an infertile male population seeking for Assisted Reproductive Technology is reported. Molecular study of the long arm of the Y chromosome, in AZF region, shows a relatively high ftequency of microdeletions, reflecting and confirming the interest of such an analysis in severe unexplained male infertility. Complete AZFa deletions are detected with a higher ftequency compared to literature data, essentially in non-obstructive azoospermia. Moreover, partial AZFb and AZFc deletions are detected: partial ptoximal AZFb deletions are rare and the associated phenotype has to be delimited. This work shows the interest of real-time PCR [polymerase chain reaction] technique to detect partial deletions or duplications of the AZFc region. The results are discussed following available data regarding mapping and molecular pathology of the Y chromosome
Choucair, Fadi. "Exploration du transcriptome spermatique par le séquençage nouvelle génération et le portrait épigénétique de l’infertilité masculine". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4058/document.
Texto completoMale infertility is actually considered as a public alarming health problem. The sperm pathologies spectrum ranges between different phenotypes including oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia depending on the sperm conventional parameters abnormalities. Abnormal sperm is characterized by genetic alterations and epigenetic alterations which can affect the transcriptome extensively. These alterations in RNA profiles are retrospectively indicative of aberrant spermatogenic events. RNA-seq is a powerful tool for comprehensive characterization of whole transcriptome. To date, RNA-seq analysis of sperm from infertile men has not been reported. Our objectives are: (i) recognize key clusters, key pathways and specific gene transcripts for different sperm abnormalities; (ii) catalog the spermatozoal lncRNAs in different sperm pathologies; (iii) identify signature genes which are mechanistically important in the cascade of events driving a pathological spermatogenesis; (iii) portray the global epigenetic landscape in sperm from infertile men. Expression data from 60 sperm samples from 3 groups of infertile men (oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia) were generated on Illumina HiSeq platform, compared to 20 fertiles, and the resulting gene expression patterns were analyzed for functional enrichment. Our supervised analyses identified numerous differentially expressed genes between fertile and infertile men. In oligozoospermia, the deregulated spermatozoal transcripts were associated with various stages of spermatogenesis including meiotic cell cycle, synaptonemal complex assembly, sister chromatid cohesion, piRNA metabolic process, ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process, cellular response to DNA damage stimulus and interestingly fertilization. As for asthenozoospermia, spermatogenesis, cilium assembly, metabolic-related pathways, chemotaxis and immune cell physiology were most significantly differentially expressed. Interestingly, numerous transcripts associated with histone modifications were highly down-regulated. With regards to teratozoospermia, we evidenced sperm-specific differentially expressed genes which are involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome, cytoskeleton organization, the cell cycle pathway, SUMOylation of DNA damage response and repair proteins, as well as many putative epigenetic modulators of gene expression.. We also attempted to identify distinct patterns of gene expression changes that were definite to the different abnormal sperm phenotypes in infertile men relative to controls. Signature genes of oligozoospermia were over-enriched by genes involved in fertilization and extracellular matrix components, while signature genes of teratozoospermia were enriched by genes involved in spermatogenesis and cellular components involved in morphogenesis, whilst signature genes of asthenozoospermia were enriched by genes implicated in ribosome and cilium assembly.We complemented this work by a parallel epigenetic analysis of the global epigenetic landscape in infertile men. We compared the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA integrity and global epigenetic parameters in sperm from 33 infertile subjects with abnormal semen parameters compared to fertile individuals. We pointed out that infertile men are characterized by strikingly high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which were in part negatively correlated with the global DNA methylation, and positively correlated with the levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-formylcytosine (active demethylation intermediates). These findings suggest that male infertility associated with oxidative stress shapes the sperm epigenetic landscape. In summary, this original work yielded a transcriptional portrait of sperm abnormalities and provided valuable resources that would further elucidate sperm pathologies
Elkhatib, Razan. "Caractérisation de la lamina nucléaire et de ses protéines partenaires au cours de la spermatogenèse humaine". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0203.
Texto completoThe morphogenesis of mature spermatozoa takes place during spermiogenesis, the last phase of spermatogenesis.This differentiation involves drastic changes in the nuclear envelope associated with profound chromatin remodelling.Our work was focused on the nuclear envelope of spermatids during human spermatogenesis.We have characterized, the nuclear lamina, a protein meshwork component of the nuclear envelope, and its protein partners potentially implicated in the linkage lamin-chromatin: LEM-domain proteins, LBR, chromatinien protein BAF and BAF-L.Our study revealed the exclusive presence of B-type lamins concentrated at the posterior pole of mature spermatozoaat the end of spermiogenisis and we have identified and characterised the testis-specific isoform lamin B3 in human.We have also discovered and characterized the lamin A2, a meiotic isoform expressed from the LMNA gene in human and mouse. By studying abnormal globozoospermic spermatozoa, we were able to identify BAF as a potential biomarker of spermatozoa nucleus immaturity.Moreover, we have identified the second loss-of-function mutation in the nuclear envelope protein SUN5 in three related patients, and thus demonstrated its involvement in the formation of the spermatozoa head-tail junction.Our characterization of the nuclear lamina and its protein partners during human spermiogenesis, provides a better understanding of its role in the differentiation of spermatids into spermatozoa, and provides a solid basis for future investigation of cases of male infertility related to nuclear anomalies
Saut, Noëmie. "Délétions du chromosome Y et infertilité chez l'homme et chez la souris". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX20674.
Texto completoDumargne, Marie-Charlotte. "Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with human male infertility". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066068.
Texto completoSpermatogenesis is a complex process which depends on the cooperation of many genes. The end-product, the spermatozoon, is an ideal subject for study since it carries both clues of the past events and information which will be transmitted to the oocyte at fertilization. The identification of main actors of spermatogenesis, specific modifications of sperm DNAs or sperm specific isoforms could improve our understanding of a such complex mechanism and could serve as a determination of biomarkers or diagnostic tools for fertility. The aim of the project was to go further three omes: genome, epigenome and transcriptome of mature human sperm in the context of male infertility. We identified new genetic causes of male infertility and confirmed the presence of methylation abnormalities in sperm cells of infertile men. Firstly, SOX8 gene was found mutated in a cohort of 20 patients with disorder of sex development and male or female infertility. Similarly, to NR5A1, SOX8 appears to be a novel regulator of gonadal development and function. Then by exome-sequencing, we identified a homozygous nonsense mutation in the male germline-specific chromatin modeler ATAD2. Furthermore, RNA-seq and MeDIP-chIP of sperm from fertile and infertile men along with bioinformatics analyzes of the generated data, enabled us to characterize more deeply the normal sperm transcriptional signature. We also found that the majority of human sperm RNAs are remarkably preserved in placental mammals suggesting crucial ancestral functions. Finally, proper expression and regulation of chromatin remodelers seem to be critical for male fertility, as revealed by both the transcriptomic and the epigenetic data
Ben, Khelifa Mariem. "Identification et caractérisation de gènes impliqués dans l'infertilité masculine". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987437.
Texto completoRoze, Virginie. "Locus AZFc, gènes de la famille DAZ et infertilité masculine : recherche et caractérisation de microréarrangements au niveau génomique et quantification de l'expression génique au niveau testiculaire". Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA0014.
Texto completoThe AZFc region on the Y chromosome long arm is one of the most unstable regions in the human genome. It consists almost entirely of very long repeats, is prone to rearrangement and some of them have been reported to be associated with male infertility. We screened two populations: 344 infertile patients and 136 controls for AZFc microrearrangements and we observed a high frequency of genomic rearrangements with similar frequency of deletions and duplications in both populations. Rearrangements were then characterized using DAZ and CDY 1 genes analyses and Y chromosome haplogroup determination. We also studied DAZ gene family expression by "real time" quantitative RT-PCR [reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction] from 30 testicular biopsies presenting distinct histological pictures. Different expression profiles were obtained according to the gene tested and the fertility status
Decarpentrie, Fanny. "Etudes de gènes des chromosomes sexuels au cours de la spermatogenèse chez l'homme et la souris et implication dans la fertilite masculine". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20684.
Texto completoSex chromosomes undergo many modifications during spermatogenesis, leading to dramatic variations in the expression levels of their genes. In particular, they are inactivated during meiosis with most genes remain silent throughout spermiogenesis. Our study describes specific alternative transcripts produced by X and Y chromosome genes, whose expression indicates roles in early spermatocytes (meiosis) and in spermatids (spermiogenesis). On the X chromosome, we have shown that three widely transcribed genes, Uba1x, Prdx4, and Atp11c, are reactivated in mouse and human spermatids via an alternative transcript that is expressed mainly in the testis. The Prdx4 gene codes two isoforms of the peroxiredoxin 4 that differ in their N-terminal domain. We have raised antibodies specific for each PRDX4 isoform and demonstrate, in mouse, that the reactivated transcript is translated in spermatids, producing a protein in a distinct cellular compartment from the ubiquitous isoform. Altogether, five mutations, affecting the spermatid-reactivated transcripts uniquely, of UBA1x and PRDX4, have been found specifically in our group of infertile men. On the mouse Y chromosome, we have studied Zfy1 and Zfy2, nearly identical testis specific zinc finger genes with long acidic (activation) domains. Zfy2, but not Zfy1, promotes the apoptotic elimination of spermatocytes with an unpaired X chromosome. We have identified an alternatively spliced transcript of Zfy1 that lacks half the acidic domain, and could explain the functional difference between Zfy1 and Zfy2. In human, the ZFY gene is widely transcribed, but we show that ZFY produces a testis specific variant transcript, encoding the same short acidic domain as Zfy1. Our data indicate that the alternative transcripts predominate in spermatocytes and spermatids, in both human and mouse. This provides the first evidence that human ZFY may play a conserved role during spermatogenesis, and contribute to human male fertility
Elinati, Elias. "Génétique de l'infertilité masculine". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872193.
Texto completoSigala, Julien. "Qualité du protéome du spermatozoïde humain et infertilité". Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S039/document.
Texto completoMotility is a key function of the fertilizing quality and the selection of sperm for assisted reproductive technology (ART). However, we lack information on molecular mechanisms controlling this mobility. This thesis is structured around 2 proteins of interest involved in sperm mobility: Tau (tubule-associated unit) associated with microtubule polymerization in the neuron, and the A-kinase anchoring protein 4 (AKAP4), the main protein of the fibrous sheath of the sperm’s flagellum, known for its involvement in sperm motility.Very few studies focus on the Tau protein in the male reproductive system, and none in humans. In the first part of this work, we analysed the expression of the Tau protein in the sperm and human testis through an immuno-histo-chemical approach (Article 1). The Tau protein is localized in the intermediate part of the sperm flagellum and in the spermatocyte and spermatid in the testis. The potential roles of the Tau protein during spermatogenesis are discussed in a review of the literature (Article 2).Advances in the field of proteomics now allow the study the proteome of sperm and its cellular compartments in a highly-resolutive way. The global sperm proteome was studied in men visiting the assisted reproduction center of Lille University Hospital. This has led to a group of sperm with predominantly high molecular weight proteins being identified as well as a group having proteolysis at the expense of high molecular weight proteins. The AKAP4 was identified among the high molecular weight proteins. We studied, quantified the profile of AKAP4 expression by Western Blot in the sperm of men undergoing a semen analysis and correlated the biochemical data of the proteome and AKAP4 to the semen analysis (article 3 in submission). The role of AKAP4 as a predictive marker of ART success is then discussed. Clinical and biological data (INFOFIV software) of ART attempts at the Lille University Hospital were compared with quantitative data of the global proteome and AKAP4 (Article 4 in preparation).Tau protein and AKAP4 are proteins of interest in the management of infertile men. The AKAP4 could be proposed as a biomarker in ART treatments
Voisin, Allison. "Physiologie de la réponse et de la tolérance immunes dans l'épididyme murin". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC102.
Texto completoThe epididymis, a key organ of male fertility, is the place of maturation and storage of sperm. However, the massive and late arrival of these cells at puberty, long after the setting of self-tolerance, makes them potential targets for the immune system which risks to destroy them. At the same time, the male genital tract, in contact with the external environment, is frequently challenged by ascending pathogens, which, if not controlled, impair fertility. Therefore, the epididymis must develop an efficient immune response against pathogens while establishing effective tolerance towards sperm. Alteration of this equilibrium is involved in 10 to 15% of male infertility cases. Nevertheless, the immune system of the epididymis has long been neglected compared to that of the testis, due to the common and admittedly mistaken idea that the testis conferred their immune protection to the whole genital tract. The work carried out during this PhD. aimed to strengthen the available knowledge on cellular and molecular actors involved in the maintenance of the immune balance in the murine epididymis. My first objective was to identify and quantify the mononuclear phagocyte and lymphocyte populations present, at steady state, in the tissue. I identified and located three lymphocyte populations never described in the murine epididymis. The rest of my work focused on Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), whose signaling pathway is involved in sperm tolerance in mice, but, its receptors had not been fully described in the organ. We have shown that the three TGF-β isoforms and their receptors are differently expressed throughout the organ, suggesting various roles in epididymal physiology, in addition to sperm tolerance.These studies have shown the diverse potential mechanisms involved in epididymal immune balance and offer many avenues for research to improve treatments of male infertility of immunological origin
Krausz, Csilla Gabriella. "Chromosome Y et l'infertilité chez l'homme". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077209.
Texto completoMarsault, Ivan. "Stress oxydatif et infertilité masculine : étude comparative des effets de l'acide férulique et du férulate d'éthyle sur la survie des spermatozoi͏̈des après test de migration". Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P077.
Texto completoWalschaerts, Marie. "La santé reproductive de l'homme : méthodologie et statistique". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1470/.
Texto completoMale reproductive health is an indicator of his overall health. It is also closely linked to environmental exposures and living habits. Nowadays, surveillance of male fertility shows a secular decline in sperm quality and increased disease and malformations of the male reproductive tract. The objective of this work is to study the male reproductive health in an epidemiologic aspect and through various statistical tools. Initially, we were interested in the pathology of testicular cancer, its incidence and its risk factors. Then, we studied the population of men consulting for male infertility, their andrological examination, their therapeutic care and their parenthood project. Finally, the birth event was analyzed through survival models: the Cox model and the survival trees. We compared different methods of stable selection variables (the stepwise bootstrapped and the bootstrap penalisation L1 method based on Cox model, and the bootstrap node-level stabilization method and random survival forests) in order to obtain a final model easy to interpret and which improve prediction. In South of France, the incidence of testicular cancer doubled over the past 20 years. The birth cohort effect, i. E. The generational effect, suggests a hypothesis of a deleterious effect of environmental exposure on male reproductive health. However, the living environment of man during his adult life does not seem to be a potential risk factor for testicular cancer, suggesting hypothesis of exposure to endocrine disruptors in utero. The responsibility of man for difficulties in conceiving represents 50% of cases of infertility, making the management of male infertility essential. In our cohort, 85% of male partners presented an abnormal clinical examination (either a medical history or the presence of an anomaly in andrological examination). Finally, one in two couples who consulted for male infertility successfully had a child. The age of men over 35 appears to be a major risk factor, which should encourage couples to start their parenthood project earlier. Taking into account the survival time in the reproductive outcome of these infertile couples, the inclusion of large numbers of covariates gives models often unstable. We associated the bootstrap method to variables selection approaches. Although the method of Random Survival Forests is the best in the prediction performance, the results are not easily interpretable. Results are different according to the size of the sample. Based on the Cox model, the stepwise algorithm is inappropriate when the number of events is too small. The bootstrap node-level stabilization method does not seem better in prediction performance than a simple survival tree (difficulty to prune the tree). Finally, the Cox model based on selection variables with the penalisation L1 method seems a good compromise between interpretation and prediction
Okutman, Özlem. "Genetics of male infertility : genes implicated in non-obstructive azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ049/document.
Texto completoAmong couples with a desire for a child, male factor is responsible approximately 20%. Despite long years of assisted reproductive activities, a significant number of cases remain idiopathic. Considering the high predicted number of genes involved in male gametogenesis, it is likely that most ‘idiopathic’ forms may have a genetic origin. In the present study, we have defined two new genes implicated in male infertility. Our data suggested that a nonsense mutation in TEX15 correlates with a decrease in sperm count over time. A diagnostic test identifying the mutation in man could provide an indication of spermatogenic failure and prompt patients to undertake sperm cryopreservation at an early age. We also identified MAGEB4 as a new X-linked gene involved in an inherited male infertility. This study provides the first clue on the physiological function of a MAGE protein
Dirami, Thassadite. "Le transporteur anionique TAT1 (SLC26A8) : rôle physiologique et implication dans les asthénozoospermies humaines". Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05T050/document.
Texto completoTAT1 (Testis Anion Transporter 1 ; SLC26A8) belongs to the SLC26 family of anion transporters, which is implicated in cellular homeostasis of different epithelia. TAT1 is exclusively expressed in male germ cells, in human and mouse. On mature spermatozoa, TAT1 is located at the annulus, a ring-shaped structure composed of different septins polymers (1, 4, 6, 7 and 12), at the junction of the midpiece (MP) and principal piece (PP) of the flagellum.The knock-out mouse model of Tat1 gene shows a male infertility by complete asthenozoospermia (lack of sperm motility) and capacitation defects combined with flagellar structural abnormalities (flagella bending, MP and PP disjunction and atrophy of the annulus). This model suggests that the TAT1 protein could fulfill structural roles in the annulus and during flagellum biogenesis. Moreover TAT1 displayind an anion transport activity, it could also be implicated in the control of sperm motility and capacitation by regulating anions exchannges, which are well known to be essential for both processes.Indeed, chloride, bicarbonate and calcium ions are involved in the activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway, controlling sperm motility and capacitation processes (i.e. maturation events occuring in the female genital tract and providing the spermatozoa an hyperactivation movement and the ability to interact with oocyte).Several publications have reported a physical and functionnal interaction between SLC26 family members and the chloride/bicarbonate CFTR channel (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator), which mutations are responsible of cystic fibrosis. Interestingly, recent data showed CFTR expression in spermatozoa and its role in the regulation of chloride fluxes during capacitation. During my thesis, we tested TAT1 and CFTR cooperation; we showed that TAT1 can interact physically with CFTR and stimulate its anion transport activity, suggesting that in vivo they form a molecular complex involved in the regulation of chloride and bicarbonate fluxes during sperm capacitation.Like TAT1, several SLC26 family members have a tissue specific expression. Furthermore genetic mutations in several SLC26 members result in human pathology such as deafness, congenital chloride diarrhea and chondrodysplasia. According to the phenotype of the KO Tat1 mouse model and the role of SLC26 members in human pathology, TAT1 constitutes a good candidate for the search of genetic causes of human asthenozoospermia.During my thesis, the laboratory has set up, a research project aiming at identifying mutations in the TAT1 gene that are responsible for human asthenozoospermia.Sequencing of the TAT1 gene coding regions in a cohort of 147 infertile men presenting with asthenozoospermia allowed us to identify several new sequence variations in in the TAT1 gene. In vitro study of these variants shows that 3 of them are associated with protein instability and abrogate CFTR stimulation. Besides, patients sperm show important flagellar abnormalities in the midpiece, consistent with a role of TAT1 and its partners (septins) in flagellum biogenesis
Yassine, Sandra. "La globozoospermie, des mécanismes moléculaires à de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV008/document.
Texto completoMale infertility is a growing concern in modern societies. Among the various causes of male factor infertility, some have a genetic origin. This is the case of type I globozoospermia, a severe infertility characterized by the presence in the ejaculate of a majority of round spermatozoa devoid of acrosome. This pathology presents a complex phenotype associating to the absence of the acrosome, sperm nuclear compaction defects, DNA damage and failure in egg activation.Recently our team identified the DPY19L2 gene as responsible for a large majority of pure globozoospermia cases (>80%) and therefore represents the major cause of type I globozoospermia in humans. The function of the protein was completely unknown at the time of identification of DPY19L2 gene, we then performed a fundamental study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the molecular pathogenesis of the disease and have shown, through the use of knockout mice model for the Dpy19l2 gene, that the protein is localized in the inner nuclear membrane and is necessary for the anchoring of the acrosome to the nuclear envelope. In order to characterize new actors of acrosome attachment, we assessed the importance of Sun5 (also called Spag4l) in acrosome attachment which was previously shown to be expressed in NE of spermatogenic cells, facing the acrosome and that could be a partner of Dpy19l2. Interestingly we demonstrate that Sun5 and Dpy19l2 are not partners and that Sun5, is not as initially reported, facing the acrosome but is in fact excluded from this zone. We were also interested in understanding the main molecular causes of the poor fertilization ability or the very low success rate in ICSI when performed with globozoospermics sperm.Therefore we have searched the PLC ζ protein, the sperm factor thought to induce the Ca2+ oscillations responsible for egg activation, in human spermatozoa from patients with DPY19L2 deleted gene and in murine spermatozoa from Dpy19l2 Knock-Out mice and showed that actually this protein is absent both in patients and in KO mice. We also made a comparative study of the main stages of genome compaction of sperm from both WT and Dpy19l2 KO mice and we showed that Dpy19l2 deficient sperm displays defective genome condensation and DNA alterations. Thus, PLC ζ deficiency, the compaction defects and the high rate of DNA fragmentation may explain the failure of fertilization after ICSI, and the poor development of embryos from patients deficient for the gene DPY19L2 as well as Dpy19l2 KO mice.Understanding the physiopathology of globozoospermia should allow the proposal of new therapeutic strategies that improves the rate of embryonic development in ART
Bhatt, Samarth. "Segregation analysis of paracentric inversions in human sperm". Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T002.
Texto completoVigneron-Dousset, Brigitte. "Etudes de certains facteurs de croissance en biologie humaine : l'axe somatotrope et son exploration, les insulin-like growth factors et leurs activateurs de faible masse moléculaire, les facteurs de croissance et la fertilité masculine". Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN19009.
Texto completoPerrin, Aurore. "Analyse de l'équipement chromosomique et de la fragmentation de l'ADN dans les spermatozoïdes d'hommes infertiles". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819172.
Texto completoAuguste, Yasmina. "Etude génétique et fonctionnelle de l'infertilité masculine à propos de cas familiaux d'oligozoospermie et d'asthénozoospermie extrêmes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0222.
Texto completoInfertility is defined by the WHO as the inability of a couple to conceive a child after twelve months of unprotected regular sexual intercourse. It concerns 15% of couples who wish to have a child, and a male factor is found in 50% of cases. In this thesis, the main objectives were to determine genetic causes of male infertility in patients with severe oligozoospermia (SO) or asthenozoospermia related to morphological abnormalities of the flagella, in order to better understand spermatogenesis, improve the care of infertile couples and inform risk evaluation for their offspring. We addressed these objectives by sequencing the whole exome of men with one of these phenotypes within two consanguineous families.The results presented in this thesis reveal new genetic causes of male infertility related to a quantitative or a qualitative abnormality of spermatogenesis. Moreover our findings concerning EXD1 raise questions about the risk that, for some patients with oligozoospermia, medically assisted reproduction could transmit de novo genetic or epigenetic modifications to future generations
Araya, Krstulovic Rubén. "La demande de prise en charge en médecine procréative : étude historique et clinique sur l'accueil du sujet infertile". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3101.
Texto completoThis research focuses on work with subjects requiring care in medically assisted procreation. Based on two approaches: an historical one, on the evolution of the cultural representation of infertility. The other clinical, from a psychoanalytic perspective, developed working in a center of assisted reproduction and in private practice. Our work addresses the question of collaborative work between psychoanalysis and medicine in the field of reproductive medicine. Our hypotheses are intended to show how medical and psychological preconceptions difficult the dialogue between the subject requiring care and those who receive him. To this end we will consider the process of objectification suffered in the concept of desire for a child, now assimilated to that of the project of a child. We also address the challenges that infertility imposes on men when it begins to be seen as a couple’s disease and not only as women’s disease. From an update of the notion of infertility, as it is comprised now by medicine and law, and the recovering of Freudian theories about the symptom and clinical practice, we intend to show the value of a perspective that does not automatically assume the demand for care in reproductive medicine as a demand of a child to medicine
Rocher, Laurence. "Imagerie Avancée du testicule : Echographie et IRM multiparamétriques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS458.
Texto completoThe testicular imaging we developped in our department focused on two main subjects: infertility and tumoral characterization. It is based on multiparametric ultrasound and MRI. We defined diagnostic criteria of several pathologies, which may change the patient’s management, and we evaluated new modalities.We characterized Klinefelter patient’s testis.We determined the Color-Doppler features of Leydig cell tumors which are currently incidentally discovered and can benefit from monitoring or tumorectomy.We defined multiparametric US and MRI diagnostic’s criteria of burned out tumors in patients referred for US infertility screening.We demonstrated the ability of multiparametric MRI to improve the tumoral characterization using qualitative and quantitative enhancement parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient values.CEUS showed significant differences between the burned out tumors and other lesions.. Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) showed significant differences in testicular stiffness between normal, obstructive azoospermia on one side and non-obstructive azoospermic patients, but overlapped values seemed to minimize the potential clinical impact. Benign Leydig cell were softer compared to malignant tumors and burned out tumors. Association of B mode, color Doppler, and elastography allowed an optimal characterization.Ultrasensitive Doppler allowed a qualitative evaluation of the tumoral vascular architecture, a testicular vascularization assessment in case of acute scrotum, and a testicular perfusion quantification. We demonstrated a decreased testicular vascularization during the Valsalva maneuver confirming the hypoxic physiopathological explanation of the infertility process
Fernandez, Encinas Alba. "Estudi de la presència de biomarcadors d’infertilitat masculina". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671092.
Texto completoDe manera rutinaria, el diagnóstico inicial de la infertilidad masculina se realiza mediante el estudio macroscópico y microscópico de la muestra de semen. Estos proporcionan información relevante sobre el recuento, la movilidad y la morfología de los espermatozoides, pero no sobre el potencial de fertilización de la muestra, a menudo estos parámetros tienen un valor pronóstico limitado en procesos de fecundación natural y/o artificial. Además, algunos estudios determinan que hay casos de infertilidad masculina que se pueden diagnosticar erróneamente como idiopáticos, ya que hay ciertas anomalías a nivel molecular o genético que no presentan manifestaciones detectables con el seminograma. Para abordar este problema, es necesario obtener nuevos biomarcadores que ayuden a entender los mecanismos moleculares implicados en la fecundación. Para ello, en este trabajo se han utilizado técnicas proteómicas de expresión diferencial tanto en muestras de plasma seminal como de espermatozoides. En el primer estudio, se ha demostrado la presencia de actividad nucleasa en el líquido seminal de diferentes grupos de pacientes incluidos aquellos que no presentan espermatozoides, con azoospermia. Además, se ha observado un incremento de la actividad nucleasa por espermatozoide en aquellos grupos que tienen más parámetros del seminograma alterados, así como una correlación entre ésta y la fragmentación de cadena sencilla del ADN de los espermatozoides, la morfología y la movilidad espermática. Por último, mediante la curva ROC se ha comprobado que la actividad nucleasa es una buena variable para predecir la infertilidad masculina. En el segundo estudio, se ha comparado el perfil proteico del líquido seminal de controles fértiles con pacientes seleccionados según su seminograma, patología y valores de integridad del ADN de los espermatozoides mediante Comet neutro, alcalino y SCD. Las 24 muestras analizadas se han clasificado en 4 grupos diferentes: controles fértiles, abortos de repetición, astenoteratozoospérmicos, astenoteratozoospérmicos con varicocele. El análisis proteómico comparativo se ha realizado mediante el sistema de electroforesis en gel bidimensional basado en el marcaje fluorescente (2D-DIGE) y ha revelado la presencia de 28 proteínas diferenciales. Éstas están involucradas en procesos metabólicos y celulares, funciones catalíticas y se encuentran en el componente extracelular. El análisis de las interacciones entre proteínas ha mostrado que están asociadas entre ellas y también con la ubiquitina C, indicando que la regulación de estas proteínas tiene un papel importante en la infertilidad masculina. En el tercer estudio, se ha comparado el perfil proteico de los espermatozoides de muestras de controles fértiles con abortos de repetición antes y después de un tratamiento oral con antioxidantes usando el marcaje isobárico TMT. Se han identificado 34 proteínas con expresión diferencial entre los grupos de abortos de repetición y controles fértiles, además algunas proteínas mejoran su perfil de expresión después del tratamiento con antioxidantes, indicando que son vulnerables al estrés oxidativo. Sin embargo, no hay diferencias significativas entre los abortos de repetición antes y después del tratamiento con antioxidantes, por lo tanto, la patología espermàtica producida en estos pacientes no se debe principalmente al estrés oxidativo. Finalmente, el análisis de interacciones entre las proteínas diferenciales ha mostrado tres vías principales de afectación: metabolismo, citoesqueleto y daño en el ADN de los espermatozoides. En conjunto, los resultados obtenidos demuestran la importancia del estudio de las proteínas que se expresan de manera diferencial entre individuos fértiles e infértiles ya que permite profundizar en el conocimiento de los mecanismos moleculares implicados en la infertilidad masculina y personalizar el diagnóstico de pacientes con la construcción de nuevos paneles de biomarcadores.
Routine evaluation of sperm quality during the initial diagnosis of male fertility is performed by macroscopic and microscopic examination of the semen sample. These provide useful information regarding sperm count, sperm motility, sperm morphology but not on the fertilization potential of the sample often have a limited prognostic value in processes of natural and/or artificial fertilization. In addition, some studies determine that there are cases of male infertility that can be misdiagnosed as idiopathic, as there are certain abnormalities at the molecular or genetic level that do not present detectable manifestations with basic semen analysis. To address this problem it is necessary to obtain new biomarkers that help to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in fertilization.To this end, differential expression proteomic techniques have been used in both seminal plasma and sperm samples in this work. In the first study, the presence of nuclease activity in the seminal plasma of different groups of patients has been found in all of them, including those that do not have sperm, with azoospermia. In addition, an increase in sperm nuclease activity has been observed in patients with most altered parameters of semen analysis, as well as a correlation between nuclease activity and sperm DNA fragmentation assessed by alkaline Comet, morphology and sperm motility. Finally, the ROC curve has shown that nuclease activity is a good variable for predicting male infertility and could therefore improve the diagnosis of idiopathic patients. In the second study, the protein profile of seminal plasma from fertile donors was compared with patients selected according to their seminogram, pathology, and sperm DNA integrity values using neutral and alkaline Comet, and SCD test. 24 samples analyzed were classified into 4 different groups: fertile donors, recurrent miscarriage, asthenoteratozoospermic and asthenoteratozoospermic with varicocele. Comparative proteomic analysis was performed with the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system based on fluorescent labeling (2D-DIGE) and revealed the presence of 28 differential proteins that are involved in metabolic and cellular processes, catalytic functions and located in the extracellular component. Analysis of protein interactions has shown that they are associated with each other and also to Ubiquitin C, indicating that the regulation of these proteins plays an important role in male infertility. In the third study, protein profile of sperm from fertile donor samples was compared with recurrent miscarriage before and after oral treatment with antioxidants using TMT isobaric labeling. 34 proteins with differential expression have been identified between groups of recurrent miscarriage and fertile donors, in addition some proteins ameliorated their expression after treatment with antioxidants, indicating that they are vulnerable to oxidative stress. However, no significant differences between recurrent miscarriages before and after antioxidant treatment have been found, therefore, damage produced in sperm from patients with this pathology is not mainly due to oxidative stress. In addition, analysis of interactions between differential proteins showed three main pathways of involvement: metabolism, cytoskeleton, and sperm DNA damage. In summary, results obtained demonstrate the usefulness of proteomic analysis and the importance of the study of proteins that are differentially expressed between fertile and infertile individuals as it allows to deepen the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in male infertility and be able to personalize the diagnosis of patients with new biomarker panels.
Ouvrier, Aurélia. "Implication de l'homéostasie lipidique dans la maturation post-testiculaire des spermatozoïdes : apports des modèles murins KO LXR". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22081.
Texto completoThe epididymis is a long tubule which epithelium is made of 6 different cellular types with partially unknown functions. The epididymal tubule is surrounded by smooth muscles participating, by their contractions, to the sperm progression. At the center of the tubule is present the epididymal fluid which composition is regulated by the absorptions and secretions of the epithelium. The spermatozoa coming from the testis are unable to fertilize an oocyte. Post-testicular maturation of spermatozoa, during their transit through the epididymis, allows them to become motile, to recognize and to fertilize an oocyte. This maturation is due to the constant interaction of the spermatozoon with the epididymal fluid. LXR are the major sensors of cholesterol homeostasis, a fundamental element in reproductive physiology because it is the steroid hormones precursor and a regulator of the sperm fertilizing capacities. LXR deficient mice (lxrα;β-/-) have fertility disorder associated with testicular and epididymal alterations. These males present an infertility since 6 months of age leading to a complete infertility at 9 months of age. The purpose of this work is to understand the relation between cholesterol homeostasis regulation and epididymal sperm maturation. At 4 months of age, the lxrα;β-/- males are fertile but present an epididymal phenotype characterized by neutral lipid accumulations in some epithelial cell types and in the smooth muscle cells surrounding the tubule. At 9 months of age, the totally infertile lxrα;β-/- male, present a complete destructuration of the proximal epididymis associated with a complete shrinking of the epithelium height, the loss of the peritubular smooth muscle cells and the presence of immotile and abnormal spermatozoa in the cauda epididymis. My works put in light : 1/ A novel function of a particular cell type, the “apical cells”, in the regulation of the epididymal cholesterol homeostasis. These cells accumulate cholesteryl esters in association with the loss of the ATP Binding Cassette A1 “ABCA1”, a transporter implicated in the cholesterol efflux. Following this, apical cells become apoptotic participating to the epithelial function loss. 2/ An alteration of peritubular smooth muscle cells associated with the mice aging. These cells also accumulate cholesteryl esters and transdifferentiate into invasive foam cells migrating through the epithelium. This phenomenon is very similar to what is observed in the arterial pathology related to cholesterol and aging, the atherosclerosis. The loss of smooth muscle cells limit the progression of the spermatozoa in the lumen and lead to the loss of function of the epithelial cells which become unable to make any exchange with the fluid, hence disturbing spermatozoa maturation. 3/ A deleterious effect of a cholesterol enriched diet on the fertility in 3-month-old lxrα;β-/- male, which are normally fertile and without epididymal phenotype. When submitted to the diet during 4 weeks, these mice become completely infertile, showing the epididymal phenotype of the 9-month-old lxrα;β-/- male mice. The infertility of these mice is characterized by defects in spermatozoa motility, viability and functional parameters. Our results show, on the one hand, the importance of LXR in the post testicular maturation of spermatozoa and in the maintenance of the integrity and functionality of the epididymis. On the other hand, the data that we collected put in evidence the impact of the alimentation and in particular cholesterol enriched diet on the post-testicular maturation
Lhuillier, Pierre. "Etude du rôle de la protéine TAT1/SLFC26A8 dans la lignée germinale mâle et de son implication dans les asthénozoospermies humaines". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T030.
Texto completoWe have previously identified TAT1/SLC26A8 as a potential target of Rho GTPases, exclusively expressed in human adult testis. TAT1 is a member of the SLC26 family and we have shown that TAT1 is located at the plasma membrane of germ cells at spermatocyte/spermatid stages and exhibits a transport activity towards sulfate and chloride anions. During my thesis, I characterized the phenotype of mice with a targeted disruption of Tat gene (knock out) and showed that Tatl protein is essential for sperm flagella differentiation and motility. Hence, Tat1-/- males are sterile due to severe asthenozoospermia and structural defects of the spermatozoa. Tatr spermatozoa display an atrophia of the annulus (the ring shape structure connecting the midpiece to the principal piece), a midpiece-principal piece disjunction and hairpin-like bending of the flagella leading to the disruption of the axonemal structure. In addition, we observed that Tat1-/- spermatozoa do not display the phosphorylation profile required for sperm capacitation. According to this phenotype, we showed that TAT1 is also expressed in mature sperm where it is specifically localized at the annulus. In order to investigate the implication of TAT1 in human asthenozoospermia, we performed imunodetection of TAT1 on sperm smear preparations from a cohort of 75 asthenozoospermic subjects. We identified one patient with a moderate asthenozoospermia associated with the absence of TAT1 staining at the annulus. By transmission electron miscroscopy, we observed complete lack of the annulus and midpiece-principal piece disjunction in spermatozoa from the patient. This case, so far unique, suggests that in human the integrity of the annulus is also required for proper sperm motility and flagella differentiation. Finally, in order to address the role of TAT1 anion transport activity in the control of sperm motility and capacitation, I generated two mutants (D95N and G218V) in TAT1 sequence, based on published data concerning mutations in SLC26 proteins that abolish transport activity without affecting plasma membrane localization. I analyzed these mutants, in vitro, and showed normal expression level and proper localization of the proteins at plasma membrane of COS cells. If, as we expect, these mutations inhibit TAT1 transport activity in vitro, we will proceed to their introduction into the murine Tatl gene in order to generate « knock in » mouse models
Mouka, Aurélie. "Analyse des variations du nombre de copies d'ADN dans une cohorte d'hommes infertiles et génération de modèles génétiques d’étude de la méiose à partir de cellules iPS de patients infertiles". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS300/document.
Texto completoInfertility represents a major public health problem and concerns 10 to 15% of couples in the general population. A male factor is responsible for the infertility of the couple in about half of all cases. In approximately 30% of them, the etiology remains unexplained.The first working axis concerned the molecular study of a cohort of infertile patients (nonobstructiveazoospermia/ cryptozoospermia and disorder of the sex development or DSD) for whom analyses of standard karyotype and/or microdeletions of AZF regions were not able to explain the phenotype. The impact of copy number variations of DNA (CNVs) detected by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH-array) is poorly documented. A custom design 400K micoarray, genome-wide and enriched on a wide panel of 445 genes linked with infertility and DSD has been achieved. This array allowed the identification of 171 CNVs of interest.These results underline the potential of this design for diagnosis of male infertility. The second objective of this work was the in vitro modelisation of male infertility in a context of genetic abnormality. For that purpose, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were generated from erythroblasts by means of not integrative Sendaï virus, in two patients carrying genetic abnormalities (complex chromosomal rearrangement and 46,XX-SRY negative karyotype associated with AMH gene mutation). Secondly, functionality of hiPSCs generated was tested by germ cells in vitro differentiation. Primordial germ cell (PGC) stage was successfully obtained. Cells expressed key PGC markers such as SOX17. The perspectives of this work will be to continuethe germinal differentiation towards more mature stages and so to be able studying the meiotic process in a context of genetic abnormality
Rives, Nathalie. "Hyperhaploidie et diploidie des spermatozoides humains dans la spermatogenèse normale et pathologique". Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05S023.
Texto completoMeunier, Léo. "Implication des effecteurs épigénétiques et apoptotiques dans l’hypospermatogenèse induite par les perturbateurs endocriniens". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10090/document.
Texto completoDuring the five past decades, a number of epidemiological studies have indicated a higher incidence of infertility problems, male reproductive tract abnormalities and testicular cancers. Among the different hypotheses proposed, fetal or neonatal exposure to environmental compounds that can interfere with endocrine system, termed endocrine disruptors, may be at the origin of the rising incidence of these diseases. The molecules that are supposed to have long term adverse effects on the male genital tract have estrogenic or antiandrogenic properties. Some authors have suggested that the long term effects of endocrine disruptors could be mediated through epigenetic mechanisms. In this context, we have used two types of experimental models based on developmental exposure to these compounds: one model of neonatal exposure to an estrogen (estradiol benzoate) and another model of fetal exposure to an antiandrogen (flutamide). The two experimental models induce a phenotype of hypospermatogenesis in rodents. In the context of neonatal exposure to estradiol benzoate we show that the hypospermatogenesis observed in adult animals is the consequence of a chronic activation of the apoptotic process of testicular germ cells. This cell death process seem to involve the decrease of the key epigenetic effectors of DNA methylation machinery DNA methyltransferases (DNMT3A, 3B & 1), and of the antiapoptotic protein MCL-1 through post transcriptional mechanisms. In term of functional consequences the decrease of DNMTs proteins leads to increased expression of transposable element LINE-1 and Ibtk gene that are normally controlled by DNA methylation. Upstream DNMTs and MCL-1 decrease may be triggered by the increase of other epigenetic factors, the microRNAs belonging to miR-29 family. Concerning in utero exposure to flutamide, our work indicate that the chronic apoptotic process of germ cells may be linked to long term decrease of the inhibitors of apoptosis cIAP1 & 2, and an increase of proapoptotic factors SMAC/DIABLO. On the other hand, the lack of testicular somatic cell death in this model may be the result of higher expression of inhibitors of apoptosis XIAP and SURVIVIN in these cells. Besides, the apoptotic process observed at the adult age may also involve a precocious alteration of DNMTs expression. In summary, our work provides a mechanistic view to the fetal/neonatal programming of adult germ cell death. Indeed, the increased levels of miR-29s may induce: (1) a decrease in DNMTs expression levels that consequently could alter the methylation pattern of some genes, and (2) a decrease in factors that normally prevent germ cells death such as MCL-1
Correa, André Luiz. "Avaliação ultrassonográfica ao duplex Doppler colorido da varicocele". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5151/tde-21062010-172157/.
Texto completoINTRODUCTION: Varicocele is the dilatation of the veins of the pampiniform plexus of the testicle. The association between varicocele and infertility is diagnosed in 20 to 40% of the infertile men. Currently, in the ultrasound study of varicocele, the diameter of the veins is carried through with the patient in the supine position, before and during the Valsalva maneuver, taking the diameter of the veins consideration (> 0,20cm), and a more than 1 second bigger presence of reflux according to spectral Doppler study. OBJECTIVE: A) To consider a new methodology in the ultrasonographic evaluation of varicocele. B) To evaluate the agreement of the findings in the colorful Doppler ultrasonographic examination of the pampiniform plexus vases with the alterations in the spermogram in masculine infertility. C) To evaluate the correlation between the diameter of one the pampiniform plexus vases and the alterations in the spermogram in the masculine infertility. METHODS: 266 patients from the reproduction sector human being of the Hospital of the Clinics of the University of São Paulo (HCUSP) had been examined, by means of colorful duplex-Doppler, initially with the patient in dorsal decubitus and later, after 5 minutes, in the orthostatic position, carrying through the transversal measures of the diameter of the pampiniform plexus in the two positions, in rest and in Valsalva. To the pulse study reflux was considered pathological only when persisted for more than 1 second, with speed superior to 2 cm/s. These patients were also submitted to seminal analysis. RESULTS: Regarding the methodology of accomplishment of the examination, an increase in the diameter of pampiniform plexus was noted only with the variation of the examination position, about 18% to the right and 5,9% to the left, as well as an increase in the detection of venous reflux in the orthostatic position, 23% to right and 6,8% to the left. It was also detected a correct correlation between variations in the spermogram and the venous reflux, 65% to the right and 86% to the left, the same not occurring with the diameter of pampiniform plexus. CONCLUSIONS: A) The colorful Doppler ultrasound examination must be carried through in the orthostatic position, after a period of latency of at least five minutes, with comfortable environement conditions and effort maneuver. B) A significant accordance between the pampiniform plexus venous reflux and the alterations of the spermogram. C) It does not have significant correlation between the diameter of one of the pampiniform plexus vases and the spermogram
Chadourne, Manon. "La suppression de Topaz1 perturbe la méiose et l'expression des ARN non-codant longs testiculaires au cours de la spermatogenèse murine. Topaz1, an Essential Gene for Murine Spermatogenesis, Down-Regulates the Expression of Many Testis-Specific Long Non-Coding RNAs". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL021.
Texto completoTopaz1 (Testis and Ovary specific PAZ domain gene 1), a germ cell specific factor, is a highly conserved gene in vertebrates. The study of the Topaz1-inactivation mouse model demonstrated its essential role for male fertility. The absence of Topaz1 in mutant mice caused spermatogenesis arrest during the first meiotic division. Topaz1-/- spermatocytes, blocked at the end of meiotic prophase I, showed chromosome misalignment along the metaphase I plate. Histological experiments specified that the differences observed between Topaz1-/- and Topaz1+/+ mouse testes appeared between 15 (P15) and 20 (P20) days post-partum. Previously, transcriptomic analyses using a whole-genome expression array indicated that 10% of P20-deregulated genes (DEGs) were long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). During this thesis, high throughput transcriptomic analyses (RNAseq) were performed at P16 and P18 in order to better characterise the testicular phenotype of mice lacking the Topaz1 gene. From P16, the testicular transcriptome was disturbed and the DEGs number was multiplied by 10 at P18. Genes associated with centrosome, centriole, microtubule dynamics and spermatogenesis belonged to the most disturbed molecular pathways. Moreover, a quarter of DEGs were lncRNAs. Three of them, deregulated at P16 and P18, were studied by in situ hybridization and molecular biology techniques. They were germ cell specific. Thus, a new mouse model deleted for one of these lncRNAs was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. These mutant mice developed normally and were fertile in both sexes. However, mutant male mice presented a more than 50% decrease in the epididymal sperm concentration as well as a change in motility parameters compared to wild-type mice. New RNAseq analyses were realised to study testicular transcriptome of these mice. These showed that this lncRNA regulates a large number of protein-coding genes (approximately 80% of the DEGs at P18). There again, some of them regulated microtubule dynamics, spermatogenesis and haploid gamete generation.In conclusion, this work shows that the murine Topaz1 gene is therefore essential for the establishment of the bipolar spindle during the transition from late prophase I to metaphase I and its absence prevents the first meiotic division. The deregulation of a significant number of protein-coding genes of the centrosome, microtubule movements and spermatogenesis, as well as the strong repression of lncRNAs expression within mouse testis, suggests that RNAs-proteins complexes are formed during meiosis.In this study, deletion of one of these lncRNA did not affect fertility in mice even though sperm concentration was halved. In men, such a decrease could lead to male infertility. A mutation of the Topaz1 gene in men could also induce non-obstructive azoospermia. The study of RNAs-proteins complexes could represent a new field of investigation in the understanding of infertility, particularly in meiotic regulation
Alves, Mário Rui Castanheira. "Estrogens regulate the survival and death communication between Sertoli and germ cells: a clue for male infertility?" Master's thesis, Universidade da Beira Interior, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/1409.
Texto completoNas últimas décadas os estrogénios têm sido considerados hormonas masculinas, desempenhando um papel importante no controlo das funções reprodutivas masculinas. Contudo, o efeito dos estrogénios na regulação das funções testiculares ainda não está completamente abordado. As ações estrogénicas nos tecidos alvo, entre eles o testículo, são mediadas por interações hormonais com os recetores de estrogénios (ER e ER) clássicos e também através do recetor membranar associado à proteína-G (GPR30/GPER). Por fim, os estrogénios alteram a rede de expressão dos genes nas células e nos tecidos, modulando o seu funcionamento. A fertilidade masculina assenta numa espermatogénese bem sucedida, a qual é dependente do suporte das células de Sertoli (SCs), as células somáticas presentes nos túbulos seminíferos (SeT). A apoptose é o evento chave que mantem o ratio apropriado entre as células germinativas e as SCs e desta forma é crucial para manter a qualidade e quantidade do processo espermatogénico. Tem sido sugerido que as SCs desempenham um papel crucial no controlo do destino das células germinativas através da secreção de fatores de sobrevivência/morte, que atuam nos recetores nas células germinativas. Esses incluem o fator de sobrevivência Desert Hedgehog (Dhh), o Stem Cell Factor (SCF) e o seu receptor (c-kit), assim como os fatores de morte Fas Ligando (FasL) e o seu recetor (FasR). Tem sido demonstrado que os estrogénios regulam a expressão do Dhh, SCF, c-kit, FasL e FasR em diversos tecidos. Portanto colocou-se a hipótese de que os estrogénios podem influenciar a sobrevivência ou morte das células testiculares através do controlo da expressão dos referidos genes. Neste trabalho, SeT e SCs de rato foram colocados em cultura na presença ou ausência de 100nM de 17β-estradiol (E2), e a expressão dos fatores acima-citados foi estuda através das técnicas de Real-Time PCR e Western Blot. Além disso, para elucidar qual o mecanismo molecular pelo qual o efeito dos estrogénios é conseguido, SCs foram colocadas em cultura na presença de 100 nM E2 ou 100nM de agonistas específicos para cada um dos recetores: G1, DPN e PPT, respetivamente, agonistas para o GPER, ERα e ERβ. O E2 diminuiu a expressão do c-kit enquanto por sua vez expressão do seu ligando SCF aumentou. Não houve diferenças na expressão do Dhh entre os diferentes grupos experimentais. A expressão do SCF e do FasL nas SCs foi muito aumentada pela estimulação com G1 indicando o envolvimento do GPER. Os nossos resultados demonstram que a estimulação com estrogénios pode moldar a apoptose das células germinativas tanto de uma forma directa como através da alteração da comunicação entre as SCs e as células germinativas, podendo isto ter um profundo impacto na fertilidade masculina em especial nos casos de hiperesteroidismo.
Curado, Roberta Machado de Oliveira Frota. "Infertilidade masculina: com oligozoospermia estudo citogenético em indivíduos ou azoospermia". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4817.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
Male infertility affects about half of couples with infertility history and is considered a multifactorial syndrome, including a broad spectrum of diseases. Chromosomal abnormalities are a major cause of human infertility and interfere with spermatogenesis. Infertility in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) is a consequence of degeneration of germ cells and that affects about 4% of infertile men. Objective: To investigate the presence of chromosomal abnormalities in infertile men with azoospermia or oligozoospermia seen at the Human Reproduction Laboratory of the Hospital das Clinicas (LabRep -HC) of the Federal University of Goiás, in 2013. Methodology: Descriptive study. Metaphases were analyzed in GTG bands obtained from lymphocytes cultures of 20 infertile men idiopathic causes. Results: The patients' ages ranged from 26-59 years and the design attempts ranged on average of 5 (± 5.02) years. In 3/20 (15%) patients were found karyotype 47, XXY (SK) and the rest, 17/20 patients had a normal karyotype. Conclusion: Genetic testing can help identify which patients would benefit from the technical reproduction. These studies are relevant because the assisted reproduction techniques ignore the process of natural selection and some classic chromosomal abnormalities end some deleterious mutations that could through generations. Thus, genetic assessment can lead to genetic counseling and hence the primary and secondary prevention of congenital defects in offspring of patients with male infertility. This study helps to assess the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in some men treated at LabRep - HC UFG.
A infertilidade masculina afeta cerca da metade dos casais com histórico de infertilidade e é considerada uma síndrome multifatorial, incluindo um amplo espectro de doenças. As anormalidades cromossômicas são uma das principais causas de infertilidade humana e interferem na espermatogênese. A infertilidade em indivíduos com a síndrome de Klinefelter (SK) é uma consequência da degeneração de células germinativas e acomete cerca de 4% dos homens com infertilidade. Objetivo: Investigar a presença de anormalidades cromossômicas de homens inférteis com azoospermia ou oligozoospermia, atendidos no Laboratório de Reprodução Humana do Hospital das Clínicas (LabRep -HC) da Universidade Federal de Goiás, no ano de 2013. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo. Foram analisadas metáfases em bandas GTG obtidas a partir de cultura de linfócitos de 20 homens inférteis de causas idiopáticas. Resultados: A idade dos pacientes variou de 26-59 anos e as tentativas de concepção variaram em média de 5 (± 5,02) anos. Em 3/20 (15%) pacientes foi encontrado cariótipo 47,XXY (SK) e o restante, 17/20 pacientes, apresentaram cariótipo normal. Conclusão: Os testes genéticos podem ajudar a identificar quais pacientes poderiam ser beneficiados com as técnicas de reprodução. Estes estudos são relevantes, pois as técnicas de reprodução assistida ignoram o processo de seleção natural e algumas anormalidades cromossômicas clássicas ou algumas mutações deletérias que poderiam ser herdadas. Desta forma, a avaliação genética pode levar ao aconselhamento genético e, consequentemente, à prevenção primária e secundária dos defeitos congênitos nos descendentes dos pacientes com infertilidade masculina. O presente estudo contribui para avaliar a prevalência de anormalidades cromossômicas de alguns homens atendidos no LabRep - HC da UFG.
Maia, Fernanda Alves [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos parâmetros seminais de indivíduos inférteis em uso de polivitamínico e polimineral". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99216.
Texto completoA infertilidade é definida pela inabilidade de engravidar após 12 meses ou mais de coito regular não protegido. O uso de polivitamínico e polimineral parece influenciar na qualidade seminal. Dados da literatura sobre o uso oral isolado ou combinado desses micronutrientes na melhoria dos parâmetros seminais e eventual fertilidade são controversos e escassos. Analisar os parâmetros seminais de indivíduos inférteis em uso de polivitamínico e polimineral e compará-los com indivíduos normais, comprovadamente férteis sem uso destas substâncias. Foram analisados os parâmetros Seminais de 57 casais inférteis acompanhados no ambulatório de esterilidade do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, no período de 2003 a 2007. Nos indivíduos inférteis a análise seminal foi realizada antes e com 90 dias de micronutrientes por via oral os quais foram comparados com 50 indivíduos saudáveis comprovadamente férteis sem uso destas substâncias. A avaliação do sêmen foi feita de acordo com os critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde - OMS (1999) e morfologia de Kruger et al. (1986). A análise estatística foi feita utilizando os testes t de Student, Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Os indivíduos inférteis e os comprovadamente férteis apresentaram similaridade quanto a idade (31,0±5,6 versus 30,3±6,5) (p=0,55) e ao tabagismo (29,8% versus 22,0) (p=0,36). Nos indivíduos inférteis, o uso desses micronutrientes aumentou significativamente a morfologia tanto pelos critérios estabelecidos pela OMS (18,3±9,6 para 22,6±11,8) (p=0,006) e por Kruger (6,9±4,1 para 9,1±5,2) (p=0,002). Verificou-se que os homens inférteis antes do uso de micronutrientes quando comparados aos férteis apresentavam significantemente uma menor concentração de espermatozóides/ml (68,0[37,8;101,2]...
Infertility is defined as the inability to become pregnant after 12 months or more of regular unprotected intercourse. The use of multivitamin/multimineral supplements seems to influence semen quality. Data on the isolated or combined use of these micronutrients to improve semen parameters and eventual fertility are controversial and scarce. To assess semen parameters in infertile individuals using multivitamin and multimineral supplements in comparison with healthy proven fertile individuals not using these substances. Semen parameters were evaluated in 57 infertile couples followed up in the Sterility Outpatient Clinic of Botucatu Medical School between 2003 and 2007. Semen analysis was performed before and after 90 days of oral micronutrient use in infertile individuals that were compared with 50 healthy proven fertile individuals not using these substances. Semen was evaluated according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization- WHO (1999) and the criteria described by Kruger et al. (1986). Statistical analysis was carried out using Student’s t test and the tests of Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon with significance set at 5%. Infertile and proven fertile individuals showed similar age (31.0±5.6 versus 30.3±6.5) (p=0.55) and smoking status (29.8% versus 22.0) (p=0.36). In infertile individuals, the use of micronutrients significantly improved morphology according to the criteria of WHO (18.3±9.6 to 22.6±11.8) (p=0.006) and Kruger (6.9±4.1 to 9.1±5.2) (p=0.002). Before micronutrient use, infertile individuals compared with fertile males showed lower spermatozoa/ml concentration (68.0[37.8;101.2] versus 96.5[49.0;144.2]) and vitality (85,4±9,2 versus 89.6±6.9) and higher leukocyte count (600.0 [300.0;121.5] versus 350.0[100.0;675.0]). In infertile individuals using multivitamin and multimineral supplements, semen parameters... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Sarrate, Navas Zaida. "Anomalies cromosòmiques en l'espermatogènesi del pacient infèrtil". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3844.
Texto completoAixí doncs, en aquest treball es va plantejar optimitzar un protocol seqüencial d'identificació i anàlisi dels cromosomes meiòtics, combinant tècniques de tinció uniforme i d'hibridació in situ fluorescent Múltiplex (M-FISH), per tal de determinar la incidència d'anomalies cromosòmiques en els espermatòcits a metafase I i a metafase II d'una sèrie d'individus infèrtils. A més a més, també analitzar la proximitat dels bivalents autosòmics al bivalent sexual a metafase I. D'altra banda, es van emprar estudis de FISH en espermatozoides per determinar la incidència d'anomalies cromosòmiques dels cromosomes X, Y, 13, 18 i 21 en els espermatozoides d'una sèrie d'individus infèrtils. En aquest treball també es va analitzar la relació entre les anomalies cromosòmiques observades en els espermatòcits i en els espermatozoides amb el seminograma, el cariotip i l'edat dels individus. Finalment, es va plantejar establir directrius per a la utilització dels estudis meiòtics i dels estudis de FISH en espermatozoides en el context de l'estudi clínic del pacient infèrtil.
Per assolir aquests objectius es van analitzar les metafases I i metafases II de 37 mostres de teixit testicular i els espermatozoides de 319 mostres de semen d'individus infèrtils. L'historial clínic del pacient va proporcionar informació del seminograma, del cariotip somàtic, del cariotip meiòtic i de l'edat d'alguns d'aquests pacients. En relació a les mostres de teixit testicular, i a partir de l'estudi dels espermatòcits primaris a l'estadi de metafase I, es va avaluar el nombre de quiasmes dels 23 bivalents per cada pacient, la variabilitat entre individus i la relació entre el recompte de quiasmes i el cariotip i/o el seminograma; a més a més d'analitzar la proximitat dels bivalents al bivalent sexual en aquesta fase. També es va avaluar la morfologia dels cromosomes a l'estadi de metafase II i els resultats obtinguts es van relacionar amb els descrits a metafase I. Pel que fa a les mostres de semen, i a partir de l'anàlisi dels cromosomes X, Y, 13, 18 i 21 mitjançant FISH, es van establir les freqüències de disomies i diploïdies dels espermatozoides d'aquests individus, i es van comparar amb la població control. Les comparacions també es van realitzar en relació al seminograma, al cariotip somàtic i al cariotip meiòtic dels individus. A més a més, es va analitzar la possible correlació entre els increments d'anomalies cromosòmiques dels espermatozoides i els paràmetres de recompte espermàtic, motilitat, morfologia i l'edat del pacient. Els resultats detallats d'ambdós estudis es recullen en la memòria escrita del treball.
Analitzant conjuntament els resultats obtinguts en el present estudi i els publicats a la bibliografia, es va concloure que:
El 48% dels individus infèrtils presenten un percentatge d'anomalies meiòtiques a l'estadi de metafase I compatible amb el diagnòstic de "meiosi alterada". La reducció del nombre de quiasmes, la presència d'univalents i l'observació de metafases tetraploides són les anomalies més freqüents. El nombre i el tipus d'anomalies són diferents entre les cèl·lules d'un mateix individu suggerint la coexistència de línies cel·lulars de comportament meiòtic normal i línies cel·lulars amb anomalies.
La presència de cromàtides separades, la pèrdua de cromàtide i l'observació de metafases aneuploides i diploides, són les anomalies més freqüents a metafase II en individus infèrtils.
El 15% dels individus infèrtils presenten increments significatius d'anomalies cromosòmiques en els espermatozoides. L'increment en el nombre d'espermatozoides disòmics pels cromosomes sexuals i/o en el nombre d'espermatozoides diploides són les anomalies més freqüents.
La reducció del nombre de quiasmes a metafase I i la separació de les cromàtides germanes a metafase II afecta majoritàriament els bivalents/cromosomes autosòmics de mida mitjana i gran. Ambdues observacions es podrien relacionar amb una recombinació aberrant a primera divisió meiòtica, entesa com una reducció significativa del número de quiasmes i/o la presència de quiasmes pericentromèrics.
El cromosomes sexuals i els cromosomes del grup F i G, principalment el cromosoma 21, són els que s'observen amb més freqüència en forma d'univalent, els més implicats en aneuploïdies a metafase II i en anomalies cromosòmiques en espermatozoides.
La presència de percentatges significatius d'espermatòcits primaris tetraploides espermatòcits secundaris diploides posa de manifest la competència meiòtica de les línies tetraploides. L'increment significatiu d'espermatozoides diploides observat en pacients infèrtils suggereix la implicació d'anomalies cromosòmiques mitòtiques en la formació de gàmetes diploides.
La posició dels bivalents a la placa metafàsica no és aleatòria: els bivalents formats per cromosomes dels grups D i G, i els bivalents 15 i 22 de forma particular, s'observen preferentment propers al bivalent sexual a metafase I.
Les anomalies cromosòmiques en espermatòcits primaris i espermatozoides s'associen de forma significativa amb individus oligozoospèrmics i/o pacients amb alteracions del cariotip somàtic, ja sigui amb variants polimòrfiques o anomalies cromosòmiques estructurals.
L'increment significatiu d'anomalies cromosòmiques en cèl·lules germinals en individus amb alteracions del cariotip recolza l'existència d'efectes intercromosòmics entre els cromosomes implicats i altres cromosomes del complement.
La freqüència d'anomalies cromosòmiques numèriques analitzada en els espermatozoides dels individus infèrtils no mostra correlació amb l'edat.
L'estudi meiòtic en biòpsia testicular està indicat en individus amb baix recompte espermàtic i/o alteracions del cariotip. Tenint en compte la informació obtinguda i el cost del procediment, no es recomana la incorporació rutinària de la tècnica de M-FISH en l'àmbit clínic. Es proposa la utilització de protocols citogenètics clàssics adreçats a analitzar la mitjana individual de quiasmes.
Diferències significatives entre aquest valor i la freqüència basal s'interpretaran com "meiosi alterada". Un resultat de "meiosi alterada", tot i indicar anomalies en els processos d'aparellament, sinapsi i/o recombinació dels cromosomes, en la majoria de casos no es tradueix amb un increment d'anomalies cromosòmiques en espermatozoides.
L'estudi de FISH en espermatozoides està indicat en individus amb un cariotip somàtic normal i baix recompte espermàtic, en individus amb un cariotip somàtic alterat i en individus amb un cariotip meiòtic anormal. L'estudi dels cromosomes 21, X i Y permet identificar la majoria dels pacients amb probabilitat de produir espermatozoides amb anomalies cromosòmiques. Un resultat de FISH en espermatozoides alterat, independentment del valor numèric, s'interpretarà com l'evidència d'anomalies en el procés de l'espermatogènesi i per tant, proporciona informació qualitativa del procés.
Infertile males can be affected by pairing, synaptic or recombination abnormalities in the meiotic chromosomes and/or chromosomal abnormalities in the resulting spermatozoa. For this reason, screening protocols of male infertility often include meiotic cytogenetic studies in testicular biopsies and/or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) studies in spermatozoa from semen samples. However, the series published up to date show high variability in the results reported. This fact could be due to the number of individuals of the series, the inclusion criteria, the characteristics of the control population, the criteria used for sample assessment or even the statistical handling of data. In addition, the intrinsic characteristics of the testicular biopsies add limitations to meiotic studies: the scarce amount of the sample, the reduce number of evaluable phases (meiotic arrest) or the unfeasibility to clearly identify the chromosomes involved in the meiotic anomalies observed. Therefore, it is difficult to establish the indications for meiotic studies in testicular samples and/or FISH studies in spermatozoa. Furthermore, it is difficult to offer standardized protocols of analysis and to interpret the results obtained from these studies in the context of the reproductive genetic counsel to be given to the infertile patients.
The first aim of this work was the optimization and the application of a sequential protocol from meiotic chromosome analysis, combining uniform staining techniques and multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization protocols (M-FISH), addressed to assess the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in metaphase I and in metaphase II spermatocytes from an infertile male series. The vicinity of the sex chromosomes (XY) to autosomic chromosomes in metaphase I was also analyzed. Furthermore, FISH studies in spermatozoa were used to estimate the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in chromosomes X, Y, 13, 18 and 21 in a series of infertile individuals. The relationship of the chromosomal abnormalities observed in spermatocytes and spermatozoa with the seminal parameters, the karyotype and the age of the individuals was also studied. Finally, to establish guidelines for an appropriate application of meiotic studies and sperm FISH analyses in the clinical cytogenetic evaluation of the infertile patient was also attempted.
To attain these objectives, metaphases I and metaphases II of 37 testicular tissue samples and spermatozoa from 319 semen samples from infertile individuals were analyzed. Clinical records provided us with information of seminal parameters, somatic karyotype, meiotic karyotype and age of some of these patients.
Analyses of primary spermatocytes in the metaphase I stage allowed establishing the chiasmata number for every bivalents and patient, the variability among individuals and the relation between chiasmata count and the karyotype and/or the seminal parameters. Moreover, the proximity of the XY bivalent to other chromosome pairs in this phase was evaluated. The morphology of the chromosomes was also analyzed in the metaphase II stage and the results obtained were compared with the ones obtained from metaphase I. Regarding the semen samples, from the FISH analysis of chromosomes X, Y, 13, 18 and 21, the frequencies of disomic and diploid spermatozoa were established, and compared to a control population. The comparisons were also carried out to the seminal parameters, the somatic karyotype and the meiotic karyotype of the individuals. Moreover, the possible correlation between increases of chromosomal abnormalities in spermatozoa and variations in sperm parameters (count, motility and morphology) and the age of the patients were evaluated. Detailed results of the studies undertaken were included in the report of this work.
In view of the results obtained in the study it was concluded that:
Forty-eight percent of infertile males show a percentage of meiotic abnormalities in metaphase I compatible with the diagnosis of "abnormal meiosis". The reduction in the number of chiasmata, the presence of univalents and the observation of tetraploid metaphases are the most frequent anomalies. The number and the type of anomalies are different among cells in the same individuals, suggesting the coexistence of cell lines with a normal meiotic behavior and cell lines with meiotic abnormalities.
The presence of separated chromatids, chromatid loss and the observation of aneuploid and diploid metaphases, are the most frequent anomalies in metaphase II in infertile individuals.
Fifteen percent of infertile males show significant increases of chromosomal abnormalities in spermatozoa. The most frequent anomalies are the increase of spermatozoa disomic for the sex chromosomes and/or the number of diploid spermatozoa.
The reduction in the number of chiasmata in metaphase I and the separation of the sister chromatids in metaphase II affects mostly autosomal chromosomes of medium and large size. Both observations could correlate with aberrant recombination in the first meiotic division, knowledgeable as a significant reduction in the number of chiasmata and/or the presence of pericentromeric chiasmata.
The sex chromosomes and the chromosomes of group F and G, mainly chromosome 21, are those observed with more frequency in univalent form, the ones more involved in aneuploidies in metaphase II and in chromosomal abnormalities in spermatozoa.
The presence of significant percentages of tetraploid primary spermatocytes and diploid secondary spermatocytes evidences the meiotic competence of tetraploid lines. The significant increase of diploid spermatozoa observed in infertile patients suggests the implication of mitotic chromosomal anomalies in the formation of diploid gametes.
The position of the bivalents in the metaphase I plate is not random: bivalents corresponding to chromosomes of groups D and G, and bivalents 15 and 22 in particular, are preferably observed in the vicinity of the XY bivalent.
Chromosomal abnormalities in primary spermatocytes and in spermatozoa are significantly associated with oligozoospermic individuals and/or patients with alterations of the somatic karyotype (polymorphic variants or structural chromosomal anomalies).
The significant increase of chromosomal abnormalities in individuals with alterations of the karyotype supports the existence of interchromosomal effects between the implied chromosomes and other chromosomes of the complement.
The frequency of numeric chromosomal anomalies analyzed in spermatozoa of infertile males does not show any correlation with the age of the patients.
Meiotic studies in testicular biopsy are indicated in individuals with low sperm counts and/or alterations of the karyotype. Taking into consideration the information obtained and the cost of the procedure, the routinely use of the M-FISH technique in the meiotic clinical analysis is not recommended. The use of classical cytogenetic protocols addressed to analyze the individual average of chiasmata is proposed. Significant
differences between this value and the basal frequency will be interpreted as "abnormal meiosis". A result of "abnormal meiosis", although being indicative of pairing, synapsis and/or recombination anomalies, in the majority of cases does not lead to increases in sperm chromosome abnormalities.
FISH studies in spermatozoa are indicated in individuals with a normal somatic karyotype and low sperm counts, in individuals with an abnormal somatic karyotype and in individuals with an abnormal meiotic karyotype. The study of chromosomes 21, X and Y allows the identification of the majority of the patients with probability of producing spermatozoa with chromosomal abnormalities. An abnormal result of the sperm FISH study, independently of the numerical value, will be interpreted as evidence of anomalies in the spermatogenesis and therefore, provides qualitative information of the process.
Bordin, Bárbara Mariotto. "A ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE O POLIMORFISMO RsaI DO GENE RECEPTOR-beta DE ESTRÓGENO COM A INFERTILIDADE MASCULINA". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2009. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3423.
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Oestrogen Receptor (ER ) gene plays an important role in the regulation of fertility in both males and females. The RsaI polymorphism in exon 5 of ER has been shown to be associated with male infertility in Caucasian patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of this polymorphism in the etiology of idiopathic male infertility and to correlate with smoking and ethylism habits, xenobiotic contact and mumps. We analyzed 287 Brazilian men, including 161 infertile and 126 fertile men to evaluate the association of RsaI polymorphism in male infertility. The RsaI variant alleles (AA, AG or GG) of the patients were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Compared with a control group (normozoospermic men), the frequency of the heterozygous RsaI AG-genotype was four times higher in infertile men (9,94 vs. 2,38%; P = 0,01), five times higher in azoospermic men (11,36 vs. 2,38%; P = 0,02) and seven times higher in teratozoospermic men ( 17,79 vs. 2,38%; P = 0,001). The frequency of the heterozygous RsaI AG-genotype was three times higher in infertile smokers (23,8 vs. 7,4%; P = 0,038) compared with infertile nonsmokers and nine times higher in azoospermic smokers (66,7 vs. 6,9%; P = 0,035), compared with azoospermic nonsmokers. The RsaI polymorphism in the ER gene may have modulating effects on human spermatogenesis. There seems to be consistent association between RsaI polymorphism and smoking habits in infertile men.
O gene Receptor de estrogênio (RE ) desempenha um papel importante na regulação da fertilidade tanto em homens e mulheres. O polimorfismo RsaI no éxon 5 do RE tem-se mostrado associada com infertilidade masculina em caucasianos. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a freqüência deste polimorfismo na etiologia da infertilidade idiopática masculina e sua correlação com o tabagismo, etilismo, contato com xenobióticos e caxumba. Nós analisamos 287 brasileiros, incluindo 161 inférteis e 126 homens férteis para avaliar a associação do polimorfismo RsaI do gene RE com a infertilidade masculina. Os alelos variantes do polimorfismo RsaI (AA, AG ou GG) foram determinadas pela reação em cadeia da polimerase alelo-específica. Em comparação com um grupo controle (homens normozoospérmicos), a freqüência do genótipo heterozigoto RsaI-AG foi quatro vezes maior em homens inférteis (9,94 vs. 2,38%, P = 0,01), cinco vezes maior em azoospérmicos (11,36 vs. 2,38% , P = 0,02) e sete vezes maior em teratozoospérmicos (17,79 vs. 2,38%, P = 0,001). A freqüência do genótipo heterozigoto RsaI-AG foi três vezes maior nos fumantes inférteis (23,8 vs. 7,4%, P = 0,038) em comparação com não fumantes inférteis e nove vezes maior em fumantes azoospérmicos (66,7 vs. 6,9%, P = 0,035), comparado com não fumantes azoospérmicos. O polimorfismo RsaI no gene RE pode ter efeitos sobre a modulação da espermatogênese humana. Parece haver uma associação consistente entre o polimorfismo RsaI e tabagismo em homens inférteis.
De, Mateo López Sara. "Caracterització proteòmica i d'espermatozoides humans en pacients infèrtils i controls / Proteomic and molecular characterization of human spermatozoa in infertile patients and controls". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1141.
Texto completoKEYWORDS: Spermatozoon, Protamines, Proteome, Male infertility, Epigenetics
El coneixement de les proteïnes que formen part de l'espermatozoide és un aspecte clau per comprendre el seu funcionament normal i les seves possibles alteracions associades a la infertilitat. Tot i la gran quantitat d'estudis sobre la infertilitat humana masculina, moltes de les seves causes es troben encara desconegudes degut, en part, a que les proteïnes i els mecanismes implicats en l'espermatogènesi i la funció de la cèl·lula espermàtica no es coneixen en detall. Per tant, l'estudi proteòmic de l'espermatozoide humà a través de l'espectrometria de masses és rellevant tant pel coneixement d'aspectes fonamentals com pel millor enteniment de la infertilitat masculina. Aquesta tesi doctoral ha contribuït a la identificació del proteoma de l'espermatozoide humà a través de gels bidimensionals i espectrometria de masses. Addicionalment s'han identificat relacions entre la abundància de certes proteïnes i paràmetres seminals relacionats amb la infertilitat masculina tals com el contingut de protamines, el dany al DNA o la motilitat dels espermatozoides donant lloc a la identificació de potencials marcadors diagnòstics. A més, s'han buscat les possibles correlacions entre el contingut de protamines i la presència de precursor de protamina 2 als espermatozoides de pacients amb els resultats de reproducció assistida. Un altre aspecte tractat ha estat la determinació, mitjançant tècniques immunofluorescents, de la presència de nucleosomes i altres proteïnes presents a fraccions d'espermatozoides seleccionades a través de gradients de densitat amb una funció potencial epigenètica. A més, s'ha implementat un protocol per aïllar nuclis d'espermatozoides humans per tal de poder identificar a través d'espectrometria de masses proteïnes nuclears minoritàries possiblement importants pel desenvolupament embrionari i el funcionament de l'espermatozoide no patològic.
RESUMEN EN CASTELLANO:
El conocimiento de las proteínas que forman parte del espermatozoide es un aspecto clave para la comprensión de su funcionamiento normal i de sus posibles alteraciones asociadas a la infertilidad. A pesar de la gran cantidad de estudios sobre la infertilidad humana masculina, muchas de sus causas se encuentran aún desconocidas. Esto es debido, en parte, a que las proteínas y los mecanismos implicados en la espermatogénesis i la función de la célula espermática no se conocen en detalle. Por lo tanto, el estudio proteómico del espermatozoide humano a través de la espectrometría de masas es relevante tanto para el conocimiento de aspectos fundamentales como para el mejor entendimiento de la infertilidad masculina. Esta tesis doctoral ha contribuido en la identificación del proteoma del espermatozoide humano a través de geles bidimensionales i espectrometría de masas. Adicionalmente se han identificado relaciones entre la abundancia de ciertas proteínas i parámetros seminales relacionados con la infertilidad masculina tales como el contenido de protaminas, el daño en el DNA o la movilidad de los espermatozoides dando lugar a la identificación de potenciales marcadores diagnósticos. Además, se han buscado posibles correlaciones entre el contenido de protaminas i la presencia de precursor de protamina 2 en los espermatozoides de pacientes con los resultados de reproducción asistida. Otro aspecto tratado ha sido la determinación, mediante técnicas inmunofluorescentes, de la presencia de nucleosomas i otras proteínas presentes en fracciones de espermatozoides seleccionadas a través de gradientes de densidad con una función potencial epigenética. Además, se ha implementado un protocolo de aislamiento de núcleos de espermatozoides humanos con el objetivo de poder identificar a través de espectrometría de masas proteínas nucleares minoritarias posiblemente importantes para el desarrollo embrionario i el funcionamiento del espermatozoide no patológico.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Espermatozoide, Protaminas, Proteoma, Infertilidad masculina, Epigenética
Maux, Ana Andr?a Barbosa. "Masculinidade a prova: um estudo de inspira??o fenomenologico - hermeneutico sobre a infertilidade masculina". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17403.
Texto completoCulturally, childbearing is understood as a situation that subjects will experience at some point in their lives, especially people who are married or have a similar affectionate relationship. Thus, to realize the inability to meet such a fate seems to be a natural cultural trigger of suffering, frustration and feelings of inadequacy and helplessness. Specifically for men, infertility is closely related to loss of masculinity, virility. He fails in his role as a male. This study sought to understand the impact that infertility have on the existence of a man who receives such a diagnosis, both in self-image as in their marital, sexual and professional roles. This study sets up as a hermeneutic phenomenological research based on the ideas of the philosopher Martin Heidegger. Participants were seven heterosexual, married and infertile men. Two interviews were conducted. The analysis of the material included both the material of the narratives, as the affectation of the researcher when interacting with the participants and their narratives, through phenomenological-hermeneutic interpretation. The results corroborate the literature that states the difficulty of the men, immersed in a context that defines them as virile, powerful and invulnerable to worry about issues related to health and disease. The possibility of any condition that impairs the reproductive capacity exceeds the acceptable limits of daily life for these men, not being recognized as a model of masculinity present in the condition in which they recognize. This leads to questions about their masculinity, role in the marital relationship and their existence. Thus, to recognize themselves as infertile surpass a medical diagnosis and is associated with the construction of meaning for their existence from the approximation with the infertility condition, which helps in redirecting their choices, restoring the project to be self and allowing further recognition as men. In the marital relationship, doing what they can to ensure, theirs happiness. Through these actions, they remain playing the role of family provider, showing that they are able to protect their wives and taking in assisted reproduction or adoption of children viable alternatives to fulfill the desire to leave a legacy and give a child to their wives and to society. Another result observed, refers to the ontological condition of care that characterizes the human being. The ways in which men are treated socially demonstrates a type of care that focuses on the development of characteristics such as strength, virility and determination but does not allow them to cope with the suffering of emotionally difficult situations, such as the diagnosis of infertility. At the end, the study gives rise to reflections on the need to provide a 12 space for men and their expressions of suffering, as well as to recognize their ability to overcome the painful and difficult situations
Culturalmente, procriar ? compreendido como uma situa??o que o sujeito deve vivenciar em algum momento de sua vida. Descobrir-se incapaz de cumprir tal destino naturalizado parece ser desencadeador de sofrimento, frustra??o e sentimentos de incapacidade e impot?ncia. Especificamente para o homem, a infertilidade est? estreitamente relacionada ? perda de masculinidade, de virilidade. Ele fracassa em seu papel de macho . O presente estudo buscou compreender os impactos que a infertilidade produz na exist?ncia do homem que recebe tal diagn?stico, tanto nos modos de perceber a si mesmo quanto no papel conjugal, sexual e profissional. Configura-se como uma pesquisa de inspira??o fenomenol?gico-hermen?utica, baseada em ideias do fil?sofo Martin Heidegger. Participaram do estudo sete homens heterossexuais, casados e com diagn?stico de infertilidade, sendo realizadas duas entrevistas individuais. A an?lise do material compreendeu tanto o material das narrativas quanto as afeta??es da pesquisadora por ocasi?o do contato com os colaboradores e suas narrativas, por meio da interpreta??o fenomenol?gico-hermen?utica. Os resultados corroboram dados da literatura, os quais afirmam a dificuldade dos homens, imersos em um contexto que exige que eles sejam viris, potentes e invulner?veis, de se preocuparem com as quest?es relacionadas ? sa?de e ? doen?a. Assim, a possibilidade de alguma condi??o que dificulte a sua capacidade reprodutiva, ultrapassa os limites aceit?veis no horizonte cotidiano de sentido que comp?e as vidas destes homens, n?o sendo reconhecida como uma condi??o presente no modelo de masculinidade no qual eles se reconhecem. Isto leva a um questionamento a respeito de sua masculinidade, de seu papel na rela??o conjugal e na pr?pria exist?ncia. Reconhecerem-se na condi??o de homens inf?rteis vai al?m de um diagn?stico m?dico e est? relacionado ? constru??o de novos sentidos existenciais. A partir da aproxima??o com tal condi??o, redirecionam suas escolhas, resgatando o projeto de ser si-mesmos e possibilitando continuarem se reconhecendo homens. Na rela??o conjugal, fazem o que estiver ao seu alcance para garantir, de alguma forma, que as esposas se sintam satisfeitas e, atrav?s destas a??es, eles permanecem exercendo o papel de provedores da fam?lia, demonstrando serem capazes de ampar?-las e proteg?-las, tendo, na reprodu??o assistida ou da ado??o de uma crian?a, alternativas vi?veis para concretizar o desejo de deixar um legado e de prover ? fam?lia e a sociedade. Outro resultado observado diz respeito ? condi??o ontol?gica de solicitude que caracteriza o ser humano. V?rias formas como os homens s?o 10 tratados pelas pessoas que est?o mais pr?ximas demonstram um tipo de solicitude no qual, ao mesmo tempo em que s?o valorizadas caracter?sticas como for?a, virilidade e determina??o, n?o ? permitido que os homens se aproximem de sofrimento, poupando-os de situa??es emocionalmente dif?ceis, como ? o caso do diagn?stico de infertilidade. Ao final, o estudo enseja reflex?es sobre a necessidade de proporcionar espa?os de acolhimento e de escuta aos homens e ?s suas express?es de sofrimento, bem como o reconhecimento de sua capacidade de supera??o das situa??es dolorosas e dif?ceis
Maia, Fernanda Alves. "Avaliação dos parâmetros seminais de indivíduos inférteis em uso de polivitamínico e polimineral /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99216.
Texto completoBanca: Antonio Alberto Nogueira
Banca: Edilberto de Araújo Filho
Resumo: A infertilidade é definida pela inabilidade de engravidar após 12 meses ou mais de coito regular não protegido. O uso de polivitamínico e polimineral parece influenciar na qualidade seminal. Dados da literatura sobre o uso oral isolado ou combinado desses micronutrientes na melhoria dos parâmetros seminais e eventual fertilidade são controversos e escassos. Analisar os parâmetros seminais de indivíduos inférteis em uso de polivitamínico e polimineral e compará-los com indivíduos normais, comprovadamente férteis sem uso destas substâncias. Foram analisados os parâmetros Seminais de 57 casais inférteis acompanhados no ambulatório de esterilidade do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, no período de 2003 a 2007. Nos indivíduos inférteis a análise seminal foi realizada antes e com 90 dias de micronutrientes por via oral os quais foram comparados com 50 indivíduos saudáveis comprovadamente férteis sem uso destas substâncias. A avaliação do sêmen foi feita de acordo com os critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde - OMS (1999) e morfologia de Kruger et al. (1986). A análise estatística foi feita utilizando os testes t de Student, Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Os indivíduos inférteis e os comprovadamente férteis apresentaram similaridade quanto a idade (31,0±5,6 versus 30,3±6,5) (p=0,55) e ao tabagismo (29,8% versus 22,0) (p=0,36). Nos indivíduos inférteis, o uso desses micronutrientes aumentou significativamente a morfologia tanto pelos critérios estabelecidos pela OMS (18,3±9,6 para 22,6±11,8) (p=0,006) e por Kruger (6,9±4,1 para 9,1±5,2) (p=0,002). Verificou-se que os homens inférteis antes do uso de micronutrientes quando comparados aos férteis apresentavam significantemente uma menor concentração de espermatozóides/ml (68,0[37,8;101,2]... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Infertility is defined as the inability to become pregnant after 12 months or more of regular unprotected intercourse. The use of multivitamin/multimineral supplements seems to influence semen quality. Data on the isolated or combined use of these micronutrients to improve semen parameters and eventual fertility are controversial and scarce. To assess semen parameters in infertile individuals using multivitamin and multimineral supplements in comparison with healthy proven fertile individuals not using these substances. Semen parameters were evaluated in 57 infertile couples followed up in the Sterility Outpatient Clinic of Botucatu Medical School between 2003 and 2007. Semen analysis was performed before and after 90 days of oral micronutrient use in infertile individuals that were compared with 50 healthy proven fertile individuals not using these substances. Semen was evaluated according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization- WHO (1999) and the criteria described by Kruger et al. (1986). Statistical analysis was carried out using Student's t test and the tests of Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon with significance set at 5%. Infertile and proven fertile individuals showed similar age (31.0±5.6 versus 30.3±6.5) (p=0.55) and smoking status (29.8% versus 22.0) (p=0.36). In infertile individuals, the use of micronutrients significantly improved morphology according to the criteria of WHO (18.3±9.6 to 22.6±11.8) (p=0.006) and Kruger (6.9±4.1 to 9.1±5.2) (p=0.002). Before micronutrient use, infertile individuals compared with fertile males showed lower spermatozoa/ml concentration (68.0[37.8;101.2] versus 96.5[49.0;144.2]) and vitality (85,4±9,2 versus 89.6±6.9) and higher leukocyte count (600.0 [300.0;121.5] versus 350.0[100.0;675.0]). In infertile individuals using multivitamin and multimineral supplements, semen parameters... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Chachamovich, Juliana Luzardo Rigol. "Qualidade de vida em infertilidade : revisão sistemática dos achados da literatura e avanços na investigação de homens e casais inférteis". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/15920.
Texto completoIntroduction: Infertility is a worldwide prevalent condition, which has been described as causing negative psychosocial repercussions. Impairments on marital relationship, sexual satisfaction, psychological well-being, and psychiatric symptomatology are associated with this condition. The construct of quality of life (QOL) has become a useful tool in order to broaden the knowledge regarding complex phenomena. As such, it is able to expand the findings beyond the clinical outcomes, such as symptomatology and morbidity. The number of studies concerning quality of life among infertile populations has increased recently. Nevertheless, these studies are et scarce when compared to those investigating QOL among other clinical disorders. Moreover, several studies on quality of life in infertility have important limitations, particularly related to the instruments of assessment. They mainly approach the feminine perspective of infertility (and not the masculine), and there are not studies that explore the experience of the marital dyad facing infertility. Method: The present thesis was based on a systematic review regarding quality of life and infertility. The following terms were used as keys for the search strategy: infertility; childless; In Vitro Fertilization; Assisted Reproduction; Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection; and quality of life. The following databases were consulted: Medline, PsycInfo, Embase, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, from 1980 up to October 2008. For the papers based on original data, hierarchical multivariate analyses were used to assess the predictors of male quality of life. Paired t-tests, Repeated-Measures ANCOVA and multiple linear regressions were run to explore the congruence between the martial dyad QOL. Results: There is evidence supporting that infertility has negative and extensive repercussions on women's quality of life. Findings reported in literature regarding QOL among infertile men are controversial. Depression and anxiety, even in subclinical levels, are major predictors of QOL in men. The quality of life is comparable between the members of the infertile couple. Concerning the congruence between the self and the partner's perceptions of QOL, the proxybased one proved not to be reliable. The partner has a consistent trend towards underestimating the actual partner's QOL. This finding was not sex-related. Conclusions: The present thesis aimed to contribute to the comprehensive understanding of the infertile subject and the psychosocial consequences secondary to the experience of infertility. The field of Quality of Life still has blanks, and the recent innovations have not been systematically incorporated to the investigations on infertility. Among them, the adoption of more refined statistical strategies, and the acknowledgement that mental states (specially varied levels of depression) are associated to QOL outstand.
Cruz, Daniel Filipe Soares Pereira da. "Lifestyle impact on human sperm oxidative balance". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13262.
Texto completoInfertility is a clinical condition that affects about 15% of reproductive-aged couples worldwide. Half of these cases are due to male factors. A large percentage of male infertility cases are idiopathic, however, in the last years the influence of oxidative stress in decreased semen quality has been discussed. The lifestyle, including consumption of alcohol, tobacco, drugs and the alteration in circadian cycle, has been proposed as responsible for the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This increase leads to an alteration of the balance between oxidants and antioxidant defenses present in the organism, causing oxidative stress. High levels of ROS damage biomolecules – DNA, proteins or lipids – present in sperm cells and may lead to the loss of membrane integrity, DNA fragmentation or even to death by apoptosis. The aims of the thesis was to evaluate the influence of acute lifestyle changes on oxidative balance of sperm cells. Therefore, we analyzed the antioxidant capacity of the sperm, as well as the presence of certain antioxidant proteins, by colorimetric techniques and immunoblotting. We also evaluated the effect of ROS by measuring the protein oxidation. The seminal quality was evaluated by performing a routine semen analysis. The results indicate that there is a relationship between the changes in lifestyle and the amount of antioxidants in sperm, and the most reported change involved the protein superoxide dismutase (SOD). It was also demonstrated that the variation in protein oxidation levels is dependent on the consumption of alcohol and nicotine. In this study it was concluded that oxidative balance of sperm cells is affected by lifestyle changes; in turn, oxidative balance changes is then reflected in semen quality.
A infertilidade é um problema clínico que afeta cerca de 15% dos casais em idade fértil. Metade dos casos de infertilidade deve-se a fatores masculinos, sendo que uma grande percentagem tem origem idiopática. Nos últimos anos tem-se discutido a influência do stress oxidativo na diminuição da qualidade seminal. O estilo de vida, nomeadamente o consumo de álcool e tabaco têm sido fatores propostos como responsáveis pelo aumento de espécies reativas de oxigénio (ROS), levando a uma alteração do equilíbrio entre os oxidantes e as defesas antioxidantes presentes no organismo, causando stress oxidativo. Níveis aumentados de ROS danificam as biomoléculas – DNA, proteínas ou lípidos – presentes nos espermatozoides, podendo levar à perda da integridade da membrana, à fragmentação de DNA ou até mesmo à morte por apoptose. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da alteração aguda do estilo de vida no equilíbrio oxidativo dos espermatozoides. Desta forma, foi analisada a capacidade antioxidante dos espermatozoides, bem como a presença de certas proteínas antioxidantes, através de técnicas colorimétricas e de immunoblotting. Foi também avaliado o efeito das ROS através da medição de oxidação proteica. A qualidade seminal foi avaliada através da realização de espermogramas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que existe uma relação entre as alterações do estilo de vida e a quantidade de antioxidantes no espermatozoide, sendo que a alteração mais marcada envolveu a proteína superóxido dismutase (SOD). Foi também detetado uma variação dos níveis de oxidação proteica, dependente da alteração dos consumos de álcool e nicotina. Com este trabalho concluiu-se que o equilíbrio oxidativo dos espermatozoides é afetado pelas alterações no estilo de vida, sendo que a alteração deste equilíbrio reflete-se posteriormente na qualidade seminal.