Tesis sobre el tema "Infections à VIH – Sociologie"
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Hamel, Christelle. "L'intrication des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race, d'âge et de classe : ses effets sur la gestion des risques d'infection par le VIH chez les français descendant de migrants du Maghreb". Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0150.
Texto completoMbiaga, Cyrille. "Contributions méthodologiques à une analyse de la dynamique socio-spatiale des infections à VIH en Afrique centrale : régions de Batouri (Cameroun), Berberati (Centrafrique)". Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30088.
Texto completoKwilu, Landundu Hubert. "Santé, précarité et VIH/SIDA à Kinshasa : sociologie de la maladie et de la prise en charge des patients en République Démocratique du Congo". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30030.
Texto completoThis study aims at shedding some light on the social realities of HIV/Aids that doctors and patients associations face, and on the patients' representations and beliefs in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. In order to do so; we bring an analysis of the different therapeutic trajectories of these patients confronted with difficulties due the lack of access to health care and proper medical information about their disease.Thus, the absence of a coherent health policy in a country with 70 billions of citizens,among whom 12 billions of them live in Kinshasa itself, constitutes an impediment for implementing different strategies in which social workers (doctors, associations, partners) try to against HIV/Aids.The health care system, supposed to help creating concrete actions in combating this disease, still remains not efficient enough and fails to assist patients.Given the wait see attitude of public authorities towards health, the economical crisis and the demography growth, Kinshasa has become place where the HIV/Aids contamination rate grows exponentially
Hermann-Mesfen, Judith. "L'implication du christianisme éthiopien dans la lutte contre le sida: une socio-anthropologie de la "guérison"". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762029.
Texto completoPerez, Mélanie. "Devenir·s séropositif·s : approche sociologique des expériences de la séropositivité au VIH des homosexuels masculins". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS010.
Texto completoThe thesis proposes a sociological analysis of gay men’s experiences of HIV, in the time of biological undetectability of the virus in their bodies. The conduct of a longitudinal survey during the first two years following the medical diagnosis, which essentially involves repeated biographical interviews with these men, and multi-site observations within the different spaces they use and cross - the Infectious Diseases and Tropical hospitals; HIV / AIDS and/or LGBT NGOs; spaces of gay sociability; private sphere: friends, family and couple, allows us to grasp the plural forms of appropriation of their HIV status. The concept of career helps us to analyze how the individual stories of these men articulate with the experience of the HIV institution and its devices, both within and outside the walls of the hospital. From guilt to empowerment, through accountability, from the same moral itinerary emerge different HIV-positive outcomes, depending on the resources and social and moral dispositions of the respondents.The thesis shows the processes of subjective transformations that take place among these men, facing changing and divergent moral issues linked essentially to homosexual responsibility, to redeem themselves and / or change. HIV positivity is the subject of a specific socialization, marked by a disqualification process. The experience of this social disqualification, both biological and moral, where the body is now subordinated to biomedical surveillance and power, also disturbs the gendered dispositions. In this context, HIV-positive outcomes are the result of HIV socializations articulated to previous ones, in particular in terms of morality and gender. They are also linked to how these men built their commitment and then their homosexual career, participating in a redefinition of masculinities during the process of HIV socialization. The thesis eventually highlights the HIV institution works in France, the characteristics of its devices, as well as the normative and / or moralistic impacts of biotechnologies and use of biochemistry that have generalized in the discipline of bodies and public health surveillance
Nikiema, Dayangnewende Edwige. "Prise en charge thérapeutique des personnes vivant avec le VIH et territorialités : exemple du Burkina Faso". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462158.
Texto completoNguyen, Vu Huong Giang. "Le processus de reconstruction des relations sociales après une épreuve majeure : l'exemple des femmes séropositives VIH à Hô Chi Minh-Ville". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCC020.
Texto completoIn Vietnam, many studies exist on HIV and the lives of the people living with HIV, however, they often concentrate on the way of virus is transmitted and its prevention. Some research has focused on the ostracism and discrimination from their families or the community who play roles in caring and following the treatment of them.By interviewing nearly thirty women living with HIV in Ho Chi Minh City and applying the symbolic interactionism and the labelling theories, our thesis considers questions and discovers that most of the women who are infected by their husbands/ partners have had enormous shock after being diagnosed as HIV positive.After psychological shock, these following objects of study analyse their health, occupation, the change in life paradigm , the social stigmatisms and their self-stigma. Therefor, to continue living, they have to re-build new relationships or behaviours both on an individual and on communal scale
Condamine, Ducreux Iris. "Réseaux de sociabilités des personnes utilisant des drogues par injection : expositions, vigilances et protections face aux risques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EHES0052.
Texto completoIn France, the prevalence of HIV has considerably decreased during the 2000s in people who inject drugs, however the prevalence of hepatitis C remains very high. Most cases of new hepatitis C infections are among people who inject drugs. Numerous studies have studied the impact of the sharing of injection equipment, but they have often focused on analyzing the determinants of sharing or the social processes involved in the sharing relationships. Only a few studies have taken into consideration the social and structural dimensions of the environment that may lead to at risk for these practices. The aim of this thesis project is to improve our knowledge, by studying the ways in which the injection equipment is shared, and the type of sociability as well as the social supports within this population. The project also looks into the interrelationships between these dimensions and how they impact the transmission of hepatitis C and HIV.The multidisciplinary RESEAU study was conducted out in Paris and Seine-Saint-Denis, France, between 2017 and 2018 in adults who inject drugs, in two drug-user risk reduction centers. This thesis uses a mixed-method approach. It combines a quantitative survey including descriptive analysis of part of the RESEAU survey data, multivariate analysis, and network analysis, with a qualitative survey including thematic analysis of qualitative interviews, analysis of qualitative comments from questionnaires and ethnographic observations. Scores measuring different sociabilities and risk situations were created to group the variables of interest. This type of method provides a complementary and nuanced approach to link sociabilities and at-risk practices. The network of sociabilities between drug-using partners was explored using Respondent-Driven Sampling, in which recruited individuals named their injection partners. In total, 149 people out of an overall network of 384 consumption partners responded to the questionnaire, including those named and 42 people were interviewed in a qualitative semi-directive interview. Within the overall network, two complex structures have been identified. These sub-networks differ in shape, size, composition, and practices. My results show that belonging to a network that is more concentrated in terms of link density increases the risk of engaging in at-risk practices; and more generally of finding oneself in at-risk situation. Sociabilities with people who inject drugs also increase these risks. Conversely, sociabilities with people who don't inject drugs reduce them. It is emphasized that these (measures of) sociabilities are neither correlated nor inversely correlated, revealing the independence of these two types of sociabilities. Each type of sociabilities does not prevent the existence of the other: they are not in competition. It is therefore necessary to give to each of them its own space for analysis, which is what I propose throughout this thesis.Despite these results and the difficulties encountered to maintain a relationship with one's consumption partners, some of these relationships represent a real support for vigilance against risk. I propose a typology of protective figures: the supervisor, the sterile equipment supplier, the gesture helper, the good practice referent, and the consumption limiter. This thesis reveals the complexity of the influence of the social networks of people who inject drugs on their practices
Ballongue, Xavier. "VIH et orthopédie". Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2M147.
Texto completoGOURGEONNET, ALAIN. "Hypertrichose ciliaire acquise au cours des infections vih". Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20136.
Texto completoTagnouokam, Ngoupo Paul Alain. "Fréquence et profil génétique des doubles infections VIH-1/M+O et formes recombinantes VIH-1/MO au Cameroun". Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUENR11.
Texto completoFrequency and genetic profile of HIV-1/M+0 dual infections and HIV-1/1V10 recombinant forms circulating in Cameroon Despite the great genetic divergence between the pandemic HIV-1/M and non pandemic HIV-1/0, four HIV-1/MO intergroup recombinants have been reported in 1999 and 2010. In Cameroon, the co-circulation of two groups (M and 0) provides an ideal environment for HIV-1/MO recombination to occur. In a previous work, we reported new dual infections and six HIV-LIMO putative recombinant forms, associated to or not to dual infections. However, this study had some epidemiological and technical limitations. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the frequency and to characterize genetic profiles of HIV-1/M+0 dual infections, as well as HIV-11M0 recombinant forms in Cameroon. From March 2013 to June 2015, 275 HIV infected patients from Centre Pasteur of Cameroon were included in the study, based on serotyping test, enabling to distinguish HIV serotypes M, 0 and M+0. HIV-1/M and HIV-1/0 specific PCR were further performed in the pol and env genes, in order to confirm serological reactivities, and to detect pollenv discordance, characteristic of putative recombinants. In the likelihood of M+0 dual infections and/or presence of MO recombinant, a breakpoint in the vpr gene, considered a hotspot of recombination was investigated. Finally, full length genomes of recombinants were characterized and genetic link with previous recombinants was investigated by phylogenetic analyses. Among the 275 patients, 199 (72. 4%) were HIV-1/M mono-reactive, 47(17. 1%) HIV-1/0 mono-reactive, and 29 (10. 5%) were M+0 dual reactive. HIV-1/M+0 dual infections were identified in 4 patients (1. 4%), and the presence of recombinants forms in 3 patients (1. 1%). The first recombinant form was detected in a husband and his wife, and was not associated to dual infection, and the second recombinant form was associated to a parental HIV-1/M virus. Full length genomes characterization identified recombinant breakpoints in the vpr gene and the LTR region for the first recombinant form, and in the vpu gene and the LTR region for the second form. No link between these recombinants and previous recombinants was found. HIV-1/M subtypes and HIV-1/0 sub-groups were concordant with the present molecular epidemiology of HIV infection in Cameroon, that is, the predominance of CRF02_AG and HIV-1/0 sub-group H. Geographical origins of patients with HIV-1/M+0 dual infections and HIV-1/M0 recombinants showed that they were from five administrative regions of Cameroon. In this study, we described seven new cases of HIV-1/M+0 dual infections and HIV-1/MO recombinants, thus confirming the co-circulation of these forms in Cameroon. Even though their frequency remains low, these forms are found in different geographical regions of Cameroon, pointing out their diffusion potential. We also characterized full length genomes of two new HIV-1/MO recombinants, and identified breakpoints in vpr and vpu genes as well as LTR regions. No link between these recombinants and previous recombinants was found, showing the circulation of multiple URFs, and the great dynamic evolution between HIV-1/M and HIV-1/0. It is therefore, necessary to improve the surveillance of HIV-11M0 recombinant forms in Cameroon, in order to detect potential emergence of a CRF_MO, and to further study their virological and phenotypic properties
Mickoto, Carole. "Vivre avec l'infection par le VIH : étude réalisée en France et au Gabon". Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT3022.
Texto completoRoulet, Vanessa. "Étude de l'infection du testicule humain par le VIH". Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S191.
Texto completoPolidori, Fabiani Isabelle. "Les infections a streptococcus pneumoniae chez les sujets seropositifs vih". Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20047.
Texto completoGauchet, Aurélie. "Observance thérapeutique et VIH : enquête sur les facteurs biologiques et psychosociaux /". [Paris] : l'Harmattan, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41402415x.
Texto completoBibliogr. p. 231-242.
Lambelé, Marie. "Etude du trafic intracellulaire des glycoprotéines d'enveloppe d'isolats primaires du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 et de son impact sur l'assemblage viral". Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR3801.
Texto completoThe envelope glycoprotein (Env. ) of HIV-1 is characterized by an important polymorphism that can affect motifs involved in the regulation of the intracellular trafficking. Her, we investigated four envelope genes with natural polymorphism within these motifs. We showed that this polymorphism might influence the intracellular distribution of Env. This modification affects viral assembly by diminution of Env incorporation into virions and, thus, viral replication capacity. Furthermore, it seems that additional determinants regulate intacellular trafficking of primary Env. This traffic's modification could in part contribute to viral evade from immune system. These work bring new insight in the understanding of viral life and its capacity to insure optimal propagation in vivo
Mathieu, Eve. "Modélisations multi-états, markoviennes et semi-markoviennes : application à l'évolution de l'état de santé des patients atteints du virus du SIDA". Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T008.
Texto completoSobesky, Milko. "Epidémiologie de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 en Guyane française". Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN1B028.
Texto completoClaverie, Marie-Pierre. "L'approche psychosomatique dans la compréhension de l'évolution d'une maladie infectieuse : psychosomatique et immunité". Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20025.
Texto completoPsychosomatic and AIDS, contribution to evaluation of disease evolution. This study of 19 subjects afflicted with HIV infection demonstrates that their symptomatic variability in terms of stabilization depends of the quality of psychic functioning. The analysis and interpretation of data from Toranto Alexithymia scale, from Rorschach protocols, KAPP and clinical research interviews tend to hypothesis that the somatic improument and the ability to cope with the disease depends of the quality of psychic functioning
Pellegrin, Isabelle. "Etude viro-immunologique de la primo-infection par le VIH-1 : initiation et suivi longitudinal sur 3 ans d'une cohorte bordelaise". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28514.
Texto completoZerhouni, Bouchra. "Activités lymphocytaires cytotoxiques anti-VIH chez les patients infectés par le VIH et chez les couples discordants". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T021.
Texto completoHassaïne, Ghérici. "Etude fonctionnelle de la protéine VIF du VIH-1". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22009.
Texto completoNgangue, Patrice y Patrice Ngangue. "Le retour pour les résultats et le conseil post-test après un dépistage volontaire du VIH dans la ville de Douala, Cameroun : étude des déterminants individuels, interpersonnels, organisationnels et structurels". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27724.
Texto completoIntroduction: Le conseil et le dépistage représentent l’une des principales stratégies de prévention du VIH. Il s’agit de la porte d’accès aux services de prise en charge thérapeutique et psychosociale et d’une opportunité de modifier les comportements à risque. Toutefois, les taux de dépistage du VIH demeurent bas dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne. Au Cameroun, les résultats de l’Enquête Démographique et de Santé à Indicateurs Multiples réalisée en 2011 ont montré que 4,3 % des individus âgés de 15 à 49 ans étaient séropositifs. Selon cette même enquête, une proportion importante de femmes (30 %) et d’hommes infectés (36 %) n’ont jamais effectué de test du VIH ou encore, ont effectué un test, mais n’en connaissent pas le résultat. En vue d’accroitre l’efficacité des stratégies de conseil et dépistage, cette recherche vise à identifier les facteurs qui motivent et empêchent les personnes qui se font dépister volontairement pour le VIH à revenir prendre connaissance de leurs résultats. Méthodes: Afin de répondre à cet objectif, nous avons eu recours à une étude de cas unique combinant des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives et dans laquelle nous avons réalisé: (1) une recension systématique des écrits sur les barrières et les facteurs qui facilitent le retour pour les résultats; (2) une étude rétrospective, sur 5 ans, des données de routine des personnes ayant fait un test de dépistage dans six hôpitaux de district de la ville de Douala; (3) une étude qualitative visant à identifier les attitudes, les perceptions et les croyances sur le retour pour les résultats des personnes venues se faire dépister pour le VIH; et enfin, (4) une étude qualitative des défis dans la délivrance du conseil et dépistage du VIH et leur implication sur la qualité des services de conseil et de dépistage du VIH selon la perspective du personnel en charge du conseil et dépistage dans les hôpitaux de district de la ville de Douala au Cameroun. La collecte de données a consisté en un recueil des données à partir des registres de conseil et de dépistage, des entretiens semi-dirigés et des observations non participantes. Résultats: Les résultats principaux montrent que les facteurs qui expliquent le retour ou non pour les résultats et le conseil post-test sont à la fois: (1) individuels (âge, profession, la raison du test, le résultat du test, l'état de santé, le besoin de changer de comportement); (2) interpersonnels (l'influence des parents, des enfants et du conjoint); (3) organisationnels (le temps d'attente pour les résultats, l'absence de confidentialité et d'intimité lors du conseil, la formation, la rémunération et la reconnaissance des conseillers) et (4) structurels (la disponibilité de la prise en charge, la peur de la discrimination et de la stigmatisation). Conclusion: Les résultats de ce travail prouvent que le problème du retour pour les résultats après un dépistage volontaire est une réalité et qu’au-delà de la responsabilité individuelle, il existe des problèmes organisationnels et structurels qui y contribuent. Il est donc nécessaire et urgent que les autorités sanitaires de la ville de Douala réorganisent la procédure du conseil et de dépistage afin de la rendre plus efficiente. Mots clés : VIH/SIDA, dépistage, connaissance des résultats, connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en santé, étude de cas, Cameroun
Introduction: HIV testing and counselling (HTC) is a cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. HTC offers the opportunity to benefit of counselling and changing of behaviours. HTC is also seen as the gateway to various other forms of treatment and psychosocial support. However, HIV testing rates remains low especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In Cameroon, data from the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) show that 4.3 % of people between 15 and 49 are HIV-positive. In addition, it is estimated that a significant proportion of infected women (30 %) and infected men (36 %) had never tested for HIV or had undergone testing, but ignore the results. In order to increase the effectiveness of HTC procedures in Cameroon, this research aimed to identify factors that motivate and prevent people who are voluntarily tested for HIV to return for their results. Methods: The methodology was a unique case study combining qualitative and quantitative methods. We realized: (1) a systematic literature review of barriers and facilitators associated to the return for HIV test results; (2) a retrospective analysis of HTC records over 5 years; (3) a qualitative study based on theory of planned behaviour to identify the attitudes, perceptions and beliefs that may influence the return for HIV test results; (4) a qualitative study based on Donabedian’s framework to identify the factors influencing the quality of HTC services in six Douala’s district hospitals. Data collection consisted of HTC records, semi-structured interviews with individuals who underwent a voluntary HIV test, nurses and counsellors, and non-participant observation of the physical environment. Results: The main results show that the factors influencing the return for HIV results and post-test counselling are multi-level: (1) individual level (age, occupation and reason for the test, the test result, the health status, the need to behaviour change); (2) interpersonal (the influence of parents, children and spouse); (3) organizational (the waiting time for results, lack of confidentiality and privacy during counselling, training, compensation and recognition of counsellors) and (4) structural (availability of the treatment, fear of discrimination and stigma). Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that the problem of the return for results after a voluntary testing is a reality and goes beyond individual responsibility. There are organizational and structural problems, which play a major role. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent for the health authorities of the city of Douala to reorganize the procedure of counselling and testing to make it more efficient. Key words: HIV/AIDS, screening, case study, knowledge of results, Health knowledge; Attitudes; Practices, Cameroon
Introduction: HIV testing and counselling (HTC) is a cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. HTC offers the opportunity to benefit of counselling and changing of behaviours. HTC is also seen as the gateway to various other forms of treatment and psychosocial support. However, HIV testing rates remains low especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In Cameroon, data from the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) show that 4.3 % of people between 15 and 49 are HIV-positive. In addition, it is estimated that a significant proportion of infected women (30 %) and infected men (36 %) had never tested for HIV or had undergone testing, but ignore the results. In order to increase the effectiveness of HTC procedures in Cameroon, this research aimed to identify factors that motivate and prevent people who are voluntarily tested for HIV to return for their results. Methods: The methodology was a unique case study combining qualitative and quantitative methods. We realized: (1) a systematic literature review of barriers and facilitators associated to the return for HIV test results; (2) a retrospective analysis of HTC records over 5 years; (3) a qualitative study based on theory of planned behaviour to identify the attitudes, perceptions and beliefs that may influence the return for HIV test results; (4) a qualitative study based on Donabedian’s framework to identify the factors influencing the quality of HTC services in six Douala’s district hospitals. Data collection consisted of HTC records, semi-structured interviews with individuals who underwent a voluntary HIV test, nurses and counsellors, and non-participant observation of the physical environment. Results: The main results show that the factors influencing the return for HIV results and post-test counselling are multi-level: (1) individual level (age, occupation and reason for the test, the test result, the health status, the need to behaviour change); (2) interpersonal (the influence of parents, children and spouse); (3) organizational (the waiting time for results, lack of confidentiality and privacy during counselling, training, compensation and recognition of counsellors) and (4) structural (availability of the treatment, fear of discrimination and stigma). Conclusion: The results of this research indicate that the problem of the return for results after a voluntary testing is a reality and goes beyond individual responsibility. There are organizational and structural problems, which play a major role. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent for the health authorities of the city of Douala to reorganize the procedure of counselling and testing to make it more efficient. Key words: HIV/AIDS, screening, case study, knowledge of results, Health knowledge; Attitudes; Practices, Cameroon
Ouissa, Rachida. "Infection par le VIH : evolution des caractéristiques socio-démographiques,cliniques, et biologiques des patients nouvellement diagnostiqués et pris en charge par le CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes entre 2001 et 2010". Antilles-Guyane, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGUY0452.
Texto completoObjectives: While Guadeloupe department is accused to have a significant delay in HIV diagnosis, we conducted a study to describe the socio-demographic, clinical and biological features of new diagnoses of HIV infection. We study their evolution, and compared the results to national data, Caribbean and U. S. Between January 1st, 2001 and December 31, 2010. We also study the evolution of late diagnoses. Methods: This is a retrospective observational epidemiological study. Results: In total 455 patients were included. The average age at diagnosis is 41 years, the sex ratio is 1. The proportion of patients <25 years has increased to 15%. The heterosexual transmission is predominant with a significant increase in homosexual contamination in 2010. Persons of foreign origin represent 40. 7% of new diagnoses in 2010 against 60. 1% in 2005-06. The socio-economic situation has improved. Among the HIV positive serology, 52. 7% in 2010 were prescribed by general practitioners. The proportion of positive serology CIDDIST CDAG and care facilities were significantly reduced in 2010. Patients diagnosed at a symptomatic stage in 2010 represent 54. 2% of new diagnoses of which 23% are at the AIDS stage
Vanhems, Philippe. "L'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 : pronostic et qualité de vie". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN11023.
Texto completoVédy, Serge. "Les vaccinations chez le sujet séropositif pour le VIH". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2M021.
Texto completoThiébaut, Rodolphe. "Modélisation longitudinale de marqueurs du VIH". Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR28988.
Texto completoThe study of evolution and prognostic value of markers is usual in epidemiology. The CD4+T lymphocytes cell count and the plasma viral load are useful markers in human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). The modelling of those markers evolution raises several methodological difficulties. First of all, these is incomplete data including missing data because of subjects drop-out and censored observation because of a lower quantification limit of assays. Moreover, two markers are corelated and it is important to take into account this information in the model. We proposed maximum likelihood based methods to estimate the parameters of linear mixed models handling all of these difficulties. We showed the significant impact of these biostatistical methods on the estimations and we underlined their usefulness for HIV markers. To promote their spread, we presented possibilities to implement some of the proposed methods in standard statistical software
Gourvil, Lemoigne Emmanuelle. "Place de l'infection à VIH dans la microangiopathie thrombotique : à propos d'un cas de microangiopathie thrombotique révélateur d'une infection à VIH". Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23103.
Texto completoPerraud, Aurélie. "Etude d'un ligand de haute affinité pour l'intégrase du VIH-1 : structure et mécanisme d'inhibition in vitro et ex vivo de l'oligodeoxynucleotide 93del". Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21377.
Texto completoHuman Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection still remains a serious problem. Finding new antiretroviral is needed. Integrase (IN) is a potential therapeutical target. Selected by a combinatory strategy, oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) 93del inhibits specifically in vitro activities of IN catalysed by different enzyme oligomeric forms. In solution, ODN 93del is structured in a dimeric G quartet. In a molecular docking model, it is able to fit in a cavity formed by a tetramer of IN. As integration is catalysed by this oligomer, IN tetrameric would be the target of inhibitors in infected cell. Moreover, 93del inhibits early steps of viral cycle ex vivo. Consequently, ODN 93del might be used as a model to find new inhibitors
Goujon, Caroline. "Caractérisation des fonctions de la protéine Vpx dans l'infection lentivirale des cellules dendritiques humaines". Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSL0402.
Texto completoThe HIV-1 lentivirus targets mainly T CD4+ cells, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). The latter cell type is a pivotal player in the regulation of the immune system and exerts a major role during viral dissemination and is thus a potential target of gene and cellular therapy. As a consequence, the study of the early steps of lentiviral infection in DCs is important both for the understanding of HIV biology and for improving lentiviral vectors mediated gene transfer in this cell type. DCs are less permissive to lentiviral infection than other cells targeted by HIV. We have shown that DCs were specifically refractory to the infection with mutant vectors (LVs) such as the heterologous LVs, in which the proteins of HIV-1 encapsidate a genome derived from SIVMAC. The addition of virus-like-particles derived from SIVMAC restores the infection with the heterologous LVs and surprisingly increases the infection with LVs from different origins. The viral protein Vpx coded by members of the HIV-2/SIVSM lineage is responsible for this effect. This protein was previously thought to participate in the nuclear import of viral DNA. Here, we describe a novel role for Vpx in the accumulation of retroviral DNA specifically in DCs. Our data suggest that Vpx modifies DCs to increase their permissivity to the infection by promoting the retroviral escape from a proteasome-dependent degradation pathway. The study of the positive effect of Vpx on LVs infection of DCs allowed us to uncover the possible existence of a potential restriction pathway of lentiviral infection in this cell type that may be responsible for its poor susceptibility to the infection
Rosny, Eve de. "Nouvelles séries d'inhibiteurs peptidiques et non peptidiques de la protéase du VIH-1 : études cinétiques et mécanistiques". Marne-la-Vallée, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MARN0011.
Texto completoTurbica, Isabelle. "Site de liaison de la glycoprotéine de surface du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) au récepteur CD4 : étude de la réponse humorale au cours de l'infection naturelle et essai d'identification des acides aminés impliqués dans l'épitope conformationnel associé à ce site". Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR3802.
Texto completoNo summary available
NINNI, JEAN. "Pneumocystose pulmonaire chez les patients infectes par le virus de l'immunodeficience humaine : a propos d'une etude retrospective portant sur 62 cas traites au cisih n 18". Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M351.
Texto completoTelles, Jean-Noël. "Analyse de la dynamique virale lors de primo-infections par le VIH-1". Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO1T009.
Texto completoDupré, Thierry. "Immunité humorale cervicovaginale des femmes au stade asymptomatique des infections par le VIH de type 1 ou par le VIH de type 2". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P128.
Texto completoKony, Sabine. "Tuberculose et infection à VIH au Sénégal". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T061.
Texto completoOur studies on tuberculosis and HIV were performed in Dakar, Senegal, in an African context characterized by the deprivation of health care facilities and a growing number of persons affected by tuberculosis and HIV. In particular, the problems of tuberculosis diagnosis, which is a major condition of its control, and lack of means for HIV-positive patient management are prevalent. These studies tum around three facets: 1/ pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis difficulties associated with negative sputum acid-fast-bacilli (AFB) smears, since finding AFB in sputum by direct microscopy is often the only way to confirm tuberculosis diagnosis, 2/ the clinical, biological and radiographie signification of severe CD4+ depletion observed in HIV- negative patients with tuberculosis, and 3/ a means of compensating for the inaccessibility of CD4+ numeration, an important tool in the management of HIV-positive patients, in particular to establish the appropriate timing of prevention of opportunistic infections with cotrimoxazole. Among 450 hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, of whom 40 (9%) were HIV-positive, 85 (19%) patients had a negative sputum AFB smear. This phenomenon was more frequent in HIV-positive patients than in HIV-negative patients (35% versus 17%, p=0. 01) and its risk factors were: absence of cough, absence of cavitation, HIV seropositivity, a CD4+ cell count 200/mm³ and an age >40 years. These results are consistent with most of other African studies and confirm the need to develop diagnosis algorithms for this form of tuberculosis. Among 430 HIV-negative hospitalized patients with tuberculosis, severe CD4+ depletions (<300/mm³) were frequent (14%), suggesting, with other results already published, an existing association between tuberculosis and the "idiopathie CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia". Our results also suggested that these depletions were associated with more advanced disease and accompanying immunodepression. Regarding HIV-positive patient management, we have developed a simple score to predict CD4+ cell counts <400/mm³, for use as a decision tool for prevention by cotrimoxazole
Alfonso-Candela, Géma. "Etude de l'observance thérapeutique chez les patients infectés par le VIH sous traitement antiretroviral au centre Hospitalier de la Basse-Terre". Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGUY0313.
Texto completoIntroduction: We prepared a study observational troops, in whom we evaluate the various factors that influence the observance within the framework of the patients HIV and their antiretroviral treatment. As weil as the percentage of nonobservance and therapeutic failure of the patients followed to the Hospital of Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. Methods: the investigation related to 138 patients under antiretroviral treatment at least for 6 months, which answered a questionnaire of self-evaluation of the factors facilitators and barriers the observance. Results : The percentage of not-observance was estimated at 29,71 % and the found therapeutic failure was 45,65%. Various demographic factors, cultural and social that we evaluate explain this failure. Conclusion: To understand the factors associated with the observance in order to be able to increase it became a major stake of research like promoting the interventions of therapeutic education to make known with the patients their disease and their treatment, not only at the moment of initiation of the treatment but also throughout all treatment
Lecointe, Didier. "Rôle des chimiokines et de leurs récepteurs au cours de la co-infection des cellules gliales humaines par le cytomegalovirus humain et le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA114806.
Texto completoDiallo, Mamadou Aliou y Mamadou Aliou Diallo. "Étude de faisabilité du traitement précoce comme méthode de prévention du VIH chez les travailleuses du sexe à Cotonou, au Bénin". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38095.
Texto completoLes travailleuses du sexe (TS) restent fortement affectées par l’infection au VIH et jouent un rôle clé dans sa propagation dans la population générale. Cependant la couverture antirétrovirale chez ces dernières reste toujours faible en Afrique en générale, et de l’Ouest et du centre en particulier. En lien avec les recommandations de l’ONUSIDA qui étendent l’accès au traitement antirétroviral à toute personne séropositive indépendamment de son taux de CD4, nous avons lancé ce projet de démonstration du traitement précoce du VIH comme méthode de prévention afin d’évaluer l’acceptabilité, la faisabilité, et l’utilité d’ajouter cette stratégie au paquet actuel de traitement et de prévention chez les TS au Bénin. Tout en évaluant l’acceptabilité et la faisabilité, nous avons mis l’accent sur la réponse au traitement notamment l’adhérence et la suppression de la charge virale, la restauration des taux de CD4 et l’émergence de résistance au traitement. L’étude a inclus 107 TS qui ont été suivies entre 12 et 24 mois. À la fin du suivi, seules 64 sont restées dans l’étude, donnant un taux de rétention de 59,8%. La restauration des taux de CD4 au-delà de 500 cells/μl a été atteinte chez plus de 70% des participantes, tandis que la moyenne géométrique de la charge virale est passée de 12372 copies/ml au début de l’étude à 105,1 copies/ml (p<0,0001) à 12 mois; 95,1 copies/ml (p<0,0001) à 24 mois et à 187,3 copies/ml à l’ensemble des visites finales (p=0,003). De plus, la charge virale supprimée (<1000 copies/ml) ou indétectable (<40 copies/ml) était fortement associée à l’augmentation du niveau d’adhésion thérapeutique auto-rapportée (p de tendance =0,048 et 0,004 respectivement). Plusieurs participantes ont montré des génotypes de résistance au début de l’étude, cependant aucune de ces dernières ayanteu une visite finale n’a montré de résistance clinique lors de cette dernière visite. Compte tenu de la mobilité de ce groupe, des efforts sur la rétention et l’adhérence au traitement, et une collaboration régionale entre les cliniques ISTs dédiées aux TS pourraient faciliter l’implantation et l’impact positif du traitement précoce comme méthode de prévention dans la sous-région.
Female sex workers (FSW) remain highly affected by HIV and play a critical roleinits spread towards the general population, however, antiretroviral treatment coverage in this group still remains very low in west and central African countries. In line with the UNAIDS recommendations extending antiretroviral treatment to all HIV-infected individuals regardless their CD4 count, we carried out this demonstration project of early HIV treatment as prevention (TasP) aiming to assess the acceptability, feasibility, and utility of adding this strategy to the current prevention and treatment packageamong FSW in Cotonou, Benin. While assessing both acceptability and feasibility, we focused on treatment response including CD4 count restoration, adherence to treatment and viral suppression, and emergence of drug resistance. The study included 107 FSW who were followed between 12 and 24 months. At the end of the follow-up 64 remained in the study giving a retention rate of 59.8%. CD4 count recovery above 500 cells/μl was reached in more than 70% of participants. The geometric mean viral load decreased from 12372 copies/ml at baseline, to 105.1 copies/ml (<.0001) at 12 months; 95.1 copies/ml (p <.0001) at 24 months and 187.3 copies/ml at all final visits (p = 0.003). In addition, both suppressed (<1000 copies/ml) and undetectable (<40 copies/ml) viral loads were strongly associated with increasing levels of adherence to treatment (p for trend =0.048 and 0.004 respectively). Resistance mutations were detected in several participants at baseline, but none of those who had a final visit showed clinical resistance. Given the mobility in this group of population, efforts on retention and adherence to treatment, and regional collaboration between FSW-dedicated clinics could facilitate the implementation and positive impact of early treatment as prevention in this population.
Female sex workers (FSW) remain highly affected by HIV and play a critical roleinits spread towards the general population, however, antiretroviral treatment coverage in this group still remains very low in west and central African countries. In line with the UNAIDS recommendations extending antiretroviral treatment to all HIV-infected individuals regardless their CD4 count, we carried out this demonstration project of early HIV treatment as prevention (TasP) aiming to assess the acceptability, feasibility, and utility of adding this strategy to the current prevention and treatment packageamong FSW in Cotonou, Benin. While assessing both acceptability and feasibility, we focused on treatment response including CD4 count restoration, adherence to treatment and viral suppression, and emergence of drug resistance. The study included 107 FSW who were followed between 12 and 24 months. At the end of the follow-up 64 remained in the study giving a retention rate of 59.8%. CD4 count recovery above 500 cells/μl was reached in more than 70% of participants. The geometric mean viral load decreased from 12372 copies/ml at baseline, to 105.1 copies/ml (<.0001) at 12 months; 95.1 copies/ml (p <.0001) at 24 months and 187.3 copies/ml at all final visits (p = 0.003). In addition, both suppressed (<1000 copies/ml) and undetectable (<40 copies/ml) viral loads were strongly associated with increasing levels of adherence to treatment (p for trend =0.048 and 0.004 respectively). Resistance mutations were detected in several participants at baseline, but none of those who had a final visit showed clinical resistance. Given the mobility in this group of population, efforts on retention and adherence to treatment, and regional collaboration between FSW-dedicated clinics could facilitate the implementation and positive impact of early treatment as prevention in this population.
Diallo, Bassirou Labico. "Épidémie du VIH en Guinée : Prévalence, Facteurs de Risque Associés et Tendances 2001 à 2007 dans les Principaux Groupes à Haut Risque – Éléments de Classification". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28142/28142.pdf.
Texto completoObjectives: To estimate HIV prevalence, its associations with potential risk factors, and trends from 2001 to 2007, and to describe vulnerability among commercial sex-workers (CSWs) as well as among their potential clients who were truck-drivers, military army and miners from all over the country of Guinea, West Africa. Methods: 339 CSWs and 954 potential clients in 2001, 598 and 3401 respectively in 2007 were interviewed then tested for HIV over all the country. Data were analysed by multivariate log-binomial regression. Results: Among CSWs, HIV prevalence (40.7% in 2001 and 34.5% in 2007; p=0.15) was associated with illiteracy [(Prevalence Ratio noted PR)=1.41; p=0.02 in 2001 and PR=1.28; p=0.03 in 2007) and with sexually transmitted diseases [ (STDs); PR=1.89; p=0.001 in 2001]. HIV prevalence among potential clients (varying from 4.5% to 7.0% in 2001 and from 5.2% to 6.4% in 2007) was positively associated once at least, with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), alcohol consumption, declaring paying sexual partners and negatively, with reported capacity of restraining from risky sexual intercourse. Trends of indicators analysed were together not favourable for controlling epidemic with the exception of those observed among among CSWs. Conclusion: HIV prevalence was very high and strongly concentrated among CSWs and their potential clients, relatively to data obtained observed in the general population of Guinea. Sexually active networks were also observed, as well as more vulnerable sub-groups among illiterate CSWs and among potential clients who were alcohol consumers, or who declared STD symptoms. Reinforcement of prevention targeting specific sub-groups is needed.
Aghokeng, Fobang Avelin. "Diversite génétique des lentivirus humains et simiens au Cameroun : implication pour la santé publique". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20008.
Texto completoSIMEOME, ARNAUD. "Le jugement de risque d'infection par le v. I. H. : une contribution de la theorie fonctionnelle de la cognition". Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT3018.
Texto completoDubois, Véronique. "Détection de l'ADN du virus JC dans les leucocytes sanguins de patients infectés par le VIH et de patients immunodéprimés non infectés par le VIH". Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P075.
Texto completoLawrence, Philip. "Modélisation in vitro de l'infection et du franchissement de la muqueuse génitale féminine par HIV-1". Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STET009T.
Texto completoRamdani, Abdelhafid. "Interactions entre sucres et lectines dans l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type-1". Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA132008.
Texto completoPelczar, Stephane. "Etude clinique et épidémiologiqque des patients infectés par le VIH à l'admission au centre hospitalier de Pointe-à-Pitre". Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M186.
Texto completoGajardo, Johanna. "Etudes sur la gp120 du VIH-1 : pathogénèse et immunogénicité". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20184.
Texto completoRégnier-Aeberhard, Françoise. "Comportements et motivations des personnes venant dans un centre de dépistage : counseling-VIH". Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H029.
Texto completoEberhard-Vallon, Alexandra. "Caractérisation de la capture du VIH-1 : du récepteur DC-SIGN aux extensions trans-épithéliales des cellules dendritiques". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10227.
Texto completoAs the sentinels of the immune system, DC express a lectin DC-SIGN known to bind with high affinity a wide range of pathogens, including HIV-1. The first aim of this study is to use this lectin as a screening tool for envelopes from acute HIV-1 primary isolates in order to identify an envelope of interest that could be used as an immunogen to block the interaction with DC-SIGN. We have identified two point mutations in the gp41 susceptible to increase the DC-SIGN/gp120 interaction. At last, we have studied the local and specific uptake of Aspergillus fumigatus by trans-epithelial dendrites formed by DC in villi of the murine terminal ileum. Our study highlights the crucial role of DC-SIGN in monolayered mucosa, as suggested by the predominance of HIV-1 homosexual contamination or the efficiency of DC trans-epithelial dendrites to capture pathogens
Leaute, Bernard. "Infections sur cathéters à chambre implantable chez lées patients infectés par le VIH". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M060.
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