Artículos de revistas: "Industrially and Biologically significant molecules"

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Jaiswal, Pranita, Pawan Kumar Singh y Radha Prasanna. "Cyanobacterial bioactive molecules — an overview of their toxic properties". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 54, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2008): 701–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-034.

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Allelopathic interactions involving cyanobacteria are being increasingly explored for the pharmaceutical and environmental significance of the bioactive molecules. Among the toxic compounds produced by cyanobacteria, the biosynthetic pathways, regulatory mechanisms, and genes involved are well understood, in relation to biotoxins, whereas the cytotoxins are less investigated. A range of laboratory methods have been developed to detect and identify biotoxins in water as well as the causal organisms; these methods vary greatly in their degree of sophistication and the information they provide. Direct molecular probes are also available to detect and (or) differentiate toxic and nontoxic species from environmental samples. This review collates the information available on the diverse types of toxic bioactive molecules produced by cyanobacteria and provides pointers for effective exploitation of these biologically and industrially significant prokaryotes.

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Kalasariya, Haresh S., Virendra Kumar Yadav, Krishna Kumar Yadav, Vineet Tirth, Ali Algahtani, Saiful Islam, Neha Gupta y Byong-Hun Jeon. "Seaweed-Based Molecules and Their Potential Biological Activities: An Eco-Sustainable Cosmetics". Molecules 26, n.º 17 (1 de septiembre de 2021): 5313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175313.

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Amongst the countless marine organisms, seaweeds are considered as one of the richest sources of biologically active ingredients having powerful biological activities. Seaweeds or marine macroalgae are macroscopic multicellular eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms and have the potential to produce a large number of valuable compounds, such as proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, amino acids, phenolic compounds, pigments, etc. Since it is a prominent source of bioactive constituents, it finds diversified industrial applications viz food and dairy, pharmaceuticals, medicinal, cosmeceutical, nutraceutical, etc. Moreover, seaweed-based cosmetic products are risen up in their demands by the consumers, as they see them as a promising alternative to synthetic cosmetics. Normally it contains purified biologically active compounds or extracts with several compounds. Several seaweed ingredients that are useful in cosmeceuticals are known to be effective alternatives with significant benefits. Many seaweeds’ species demonstrated skin beneficial activities, such as antioxidant, anti-melanogenesis, antiaging, photoprotection, anti-wrinkle, moisturizer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant properties, as well as certain antimicrobial activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. This review presents applications of bioactive molecules derived from marine algae as a potential substitute for its current applications in the cosmetic industry. The biological activities of carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic compounds and pigments are discussed as safe sources of ingredients for the consumer and cosmetic industry.

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Hentati, Faiez, Latifa Tounsi, Djomdi Djomdi, Guillaume Pierre, Cédric Delattre, Alina Violeta Ursu, Imen Fendri, Slim Abdelkafi y Philippe Michaud. "Bioactive Polysaccharides from Seaweeds". Molecules 25, n.º 14 (9 de julio de 2020): 3152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143152.

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Bioactive compounds with diverse chemical structures play a significant role in disease prevention and maintenance of physiological functions. Due to the increase in industrial demand for new biosourced molecules, several types of biomasses are being exploited for the identification of bioactive metabolites and techno-functional biomolecules that are suitable for the subsequent uses in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical fields. Among the various biomasses available, macroalgae are gaining popularity because of their potential nutraceutical and health benefits. Such health effects are delivered by specific diterpenes, pigments (fucoxanthin, phycocyanin, and carotenoids), bioactive peptides and polysaccharides. Abundant and recent studies have identified valuable biological activities of native algae polysaccharides, but also of their derivatives, including oligosaccharides and (bio)chemically modified polysaccharides. However, only a few of them can be industrially developed and open up new markets of active molecules, extracts or ingredients. In this respect, the health and nutraceutical claims associated with marine algal bioactive polysaccharides are summarized and comprehensively discussed in this review.

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Nisar, Muhammad Farrukh, Mahnoor Khadim, Muhammad Rafiq, Jinyin Chen, Yali Yang y Chunpeng Craig Wan. "Pharmacological Properties and Health Benefits of Eugenol: A Comprehensive Review". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (3 de agosto de 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2497354.

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The biologically active phytochemicals are sourced from edible and medicinally important plants and are important molecules being used for the formulation of thousands of drugs. These phytochemicals have great benefits against many ailments particularly the inflammatory diseases or oxidative stress-mediated chronic diseases. Eugenol (EUG) is a versatile naturally occurring molecule as phenolic monoterpenoid and frequently found in essential oils in a wide range of plant species. EUG bears huge industrial applications particularly in pharmaceutics, dentistry, flavoring of foods, agriculture, and cosmeceutics. It is being focused recently due to its great potential in preventing several chronic conditions. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared EUG as a nonmutant and generally recognized as safe (GRAS) molecule. The available literature about pharmacological activities of EUG shows remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties and has a significant effect on human health. The current manuscript summarizes the pharmacological characteristics of EUG and its potential health benefits.

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Ferrini, Fabio, Sabrina Donati Zeppa, Daniele Fraternale, Vittoria Carrabs, Giosuè Annibalini, Giancarlo Verardo, Andrea Gorassini et al. "Characterization of the Biological Activity of the Ethanolic Extract from the Roots of Cannabis sativa L. Grown in Aeroponics". Antioxidants 11, n.º 5 (27 de abril de 2022): 860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050860.

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Cannabis sativa var. Kompolti, a variety routinely used for food production purposes, is characterized by a low concentration of psychoactive molecules, although containing many other biologically attractive metabolites in all parts of the plant, including the roots. In the present work, we evaluate the specific biological activities of the roots’ extract from plants cultivated through aeroponics, an affordable and reliable method facilitating the isolation and processing of roots, with the advantage of being suitable for industrial scale-up. Furthermore, aeroponics results in an increased net accumulation of the most biologically attractive constituents (β-sitosterol, friedelin and epi-friedelanol) found in the roots. The ethanolic extract of the aeroponic roots of C. sativa (APEX) and its separate components are studied to evaluate their anti-inflammatory (modulation of the expression level of specific markers upon LPS stimulation in U937 cells, such as IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, IkB-α, iNOS, IRAK-1 and miR-146a) and antioxidant (in either acellular or cellular settings) activities. The APEX anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities are also functionally benchmarked using the wound-healing assay. On the whole, the data obtained show that APEX and its main components showed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which may render the exploitation of roots as a source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents highly attractive, with the additional technical and economic advantages of aeroponics compared to soil cultivation.

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Marchetti, Barbara, Tolga N. V. Karsili y Michael N. R. Ashfold. "Exploring Norrish type I and type II reactions: an ab initio mechanistic study highlighting singlet-state mediated chemistry". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, n.º 26 (2019): 14418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp07292b.

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Norrish reactions are important photo-induced reactions in mainstream organic chemistry and are implicated in many industrially and biologically relevant processes and in the processing of carbonyl molecules in the atmosphere.

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Jakobina, Maciej, Jacek Łyczko, Kinga Zydorowicz, Renata Galek y Antoni Szumny. "The Potential Use of Plant Growth Regulators for Modification of the Industrially Valuable Volatile Compounds Synthesis in Hylocreus undatus Stems". Molecules 28, n.º 9 (1 de mayo de 2023): 3843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093843.

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The pitaya (dragon fruit) Hylocereus is a genus which belongs to the Cactaceae family. It is native to Mexico, occurring also in other regions of Central and South America. Pitaya fruit is mainly intended for consumption and for this reason the species is grown commercially. The fruit is a rich source of vitamins, biologically active compounds, and dietary fibre. Using in vitro culture can accelerate the process of reproduction and growth of pitaya plants. Profiling of volatile compounds contained in the stem of Hylocereus undatus was carried out using the SPME-GC-MS technique. The main compounds present were hexanal, 2-hexenal and 1-hexanol. The results showed differences in the occurrence of volatile compounds between plants grown in media with an addition of BA (6-benzylaminopurine) and IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), which have been used as plant growth regulators. Statistically significant differences between the contents of volatile compounds were observed in the case of 2-hexenal and 1-hexanol. The effect of BA on reducing the amount of volatile compounds was observed. However, introduction of IAA to the in vitro medium resulted in more compounds being synthesized. This study is the first to describe the volatile compounds in the pitaya stem. The results indicate that plant hormones are able to modify the profile of volatile compounds.

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Nawaz, Ali, Rida Chaudhary, Zinnia Shah, Laurent Dufossé, Mireille Fouillaud, Hamid Mukhtar y Ikram ul Haq. "An Overview on Industrial and Medical Applications of Bio-Pigments Synthesized by Marine Bacteria". Microorganisms 9, n.º 1 (22 de diciembre de 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9010011.

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Marine bacterial species contribute to a significant part of the oceanic population, which substantially produces biologically effectual moieties having various medical and industrial applications. The use of marine-derived bacterial pigments displays a snowballing effect in recent times, being natural, environmentally safe, and health beneficial compounds. Although isolating marine bacteria is a strenuous task, these are still a compelling subject for researchers, due to their promising avenues for numerous applications. Marine-derived bacterial pigments serve as valuable products in the food, pharmaceutical, textile, and cosmetic industries due to their beneficial attributes, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. Biodegradability and higher environmental compatibility further strengthen the use of marine bio-pigments over artificially acquired colored molecules. Besides that, hazardous effects associated with the consumption of synthetic colors further substantiated the use of marine dyes as color additives in industries as well. This review sheds light on marine bacterial sources of pigmented compounds along with their industrial applicability and therapeutic insights based on the data available in the literature. It also encompasses the need for introducing bacterial bio-pigments in global pigment industry, highlighting their future potential, aiming to contribute to the worldwide economy.

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Szafran, Marcin Jan, Martyna Gongerowska, Paweł Gutkowski, Jolanta Zakrzewska-Czerwińska y Dagmara Jakimowicz. "The Coordinated Positive Regulation of Topoisomerase Genes Maintains Topological Homeostasis in Streptomyces coelicolor". Journal of Bacteriology 198, n.º 21 (22 de agosto de 2016): 3016–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00530-16.

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ABSTRACTMaintaining an optimal level of chromosomal supercoiling is critical for the progression of DNA replication and transcription. Moreover, changes in global supercoiling affect the expression of a large number of genes and play a fundamental role in adapting to stress. Topoisomerase I (TopA) and gyrase are key players in the regulation of bacterial chromosomal topology through their respective abilities to relax and compact DNA. Soil bacteria such asStreptomycesspecies, which grow as branched, multigenomic hyphae, are subject to environmental stresses that are associated with changes in chromosomal topology. The topological fluctuations modulate the transcriptional activity of a large number of genes and inStreptomycesare related to the production of antibiotics. To better understand the regulation of topological homeostasis inStreptomyces coelicolor, we investigated the interplay between the activities of the topoisomerase-encoding genestopAandgyrBA. We show that the expression of both genes is supercoiling sensitive. Remarkably, increased chromosomal supercoiling induces thetopApromoter but only slightly influencesgyrBAtranscription, while DNA relaxation affects thetopApromoter only marginally but strongly activates thegyrBAoperon. Moreover, we showed that exposure to elevated temperatures induces rapid relaxation, which results in changes in the levels of both topoisomerases. We therefore propose a unique mechanism ofS. coelicolorchromosomal topology maintenance based on the supercoiling-dependent stimulation, rather than repression, of the transcription of both topoisomerase genes. These findings provide important insight into the maintenance of topological homeostasis in an industrially important antibiotic producer.IMPORTANCEWe describe the unique regulation of genes encoding two topoisomerases, topoisomerase I (TopA) and gyrase, in a modelStreptomycesspecies. Our studies demonstrate the coordination of topoisomerase gene regulation, which is crucial for maintenance of topological homeostasis.Streptomycesspecies are producers of a plethora of biologically active secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, antitumor agents, and immunosuppressants. The significant regulatory factor controlling the secondary metabolism is the global chromosomal topology. Thus, the investigation of chromosomal topology homeostasis inStreptomycesstrains is crucial for their use in industrial applications as producers of secondary metabolites.

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Sehnal, Hosnedlova, Docekalova, Stankova, Uhlirova, Tothova, Kepinska et al. "An Assessment of the Effect of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Sage Leaves (Salvia officinalis L.) on Germinated Plants of Maize (Zea mays L.)". Nanomaterials 9, n.º 11 (31 de octubre de 2019): 1550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9111550.

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AgNPs have attracted considerable attention in many applications including industrial use, and their antibacterial properties have been widely investigated. Due to the green synthesis process employed, the nanoparticle surface can be coated with molecules with biologically important characteristics. It has been reported that increased use of nanoparticles elevates the risk of their release into the environment. However, little is known about the behaviour of AgNPs in the eco-environment. In this study, the effect of green synthesized AgNPs on germinated plants of maize was examined. The effects on germination, basic growth and physiological parameters of the plants were monitored. Moreover, the effect of AgNPs was compared with that of Ag(I) ions in the form of AgNO3 solution. It was found that the growth inhibition of the above-ground parts of plants was about 40%, and AgNPs exhibited a significant effect on photosynthetic pigments. Significant differences in the following parameters were observed: weights of the caryopses and fresh weight (FW) of primary roots after 96 h of exposure to Ag(I) ions and AgNPs compared to the control and between Ag compounds. In addition, the coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) between the control and the AgNPs varied and that between the Ag(I) ions and AgNPs was also different. Phytotoxicity was proved in the following sequence: control < AgNPs < Ag(I) ions.

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Schultz, Logan, Betsey Pitts, Andrew C. Mitchell, Alfred B. Cunningham y Robin Gerlach. "Imaging Biologically Induced Mineralization in Fully Hydrated Flow Systems". Microscopy Today 19, n.º 5 (31 de agosto de 2011): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929511000848.

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A number of proposed technologies involve the controlled implementation of biologically induced carbonate mineral precipitation in the geologic subsurface. Examples include the enhancement of soil stability, immobilization of groundwater contaminants such as strontium and uranium, and the enhancement of oil recovery and geologic carbon sequestration via controlled permeability reduction. The most significant challenge in these technologies remains to identify and better understand an industrially, environmentally, and economically viable carbonate precipitation route.

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Ansari, Umer Saeed. "Anti-Thrombin and its Biological Significance". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, n.º 7 (30 de julio de 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs20231771.

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Anti-thrombin (AT) is a small molecular weight glycoprotein molecule, synthesized by liver, and circulates in the plasma at a concentration approximately 150 mg/ml1. AT belongs to a family of serine proteases, and most potent inhibitor of coagulation, and has vital role in maintaining haemostatic balance. It is also termed as ‘Heparin Cofactor’, and is considered essential for effective heparin therapy. Under normal conditions, its biological half-life is 1.5–2.5 days; But in conditions of acquired deficiency, and in the presence of heparin, the half-life of AT is much shorter, even being reduced to few hours.

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Gkalpinos, Vasileios K., Vasiliki A. Anagnostou, Gregoria Mitropoulou, Vasiliki Kompoura, Ioanna Karapantzou, Christodoulos K. Fasoulis, Efstathios P. Vasdekis, Yiannis Kourkoutas y Andreas G. Tzakos. "Aloysia citrodora Extracts Cultivated in Greece as Antioxidants and Potent Regulators of Food Microbiota". Applied Sciences 13, n.º 6 (13 de marzo de 2023): 3663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063663.

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Plant extracts contain valuable sources of biologically active molecules and, lately, have attracted scientific and industrial interest as inhibitors of food-borne pathogens and growth stimulators of beneficial microbes. In this vein, the aim of this study was to explore and exploit the effect of Aloysia citrodora extracts as potent functional regulators of food microbiota by stimulating the growth of probiotic strains and by suppressing the evolution of common food-spoilage and pathogenic bacteria. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. citrodora, rich in polyphenols, were prepared and their phytochemical composition was unveiled by LC-triple quadruple and LC-QToF mass spectrometry. The growth stimulatory activity of a wild-type Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain, along with L. rhamnosus GG, used as a control, was assessed by monitoring cell growth in the presence of sodium chloride, bile salts, thermal stress, and alcohol. We found that the aqueous extract stimulated the growth of probiotic strains at 0.5 mg/mL. At the same concentration, stimulatory activity was observed for the wild-type L. rhamnosus in the presence of bile salts and alcohol and for L. rhamnosus GG in the presence of NaCl and under thermal stress. The ethanolic extract of A. citrodora exhibited prebiotic activity at 0.25 mg/mL, but did not promote the growth of the strains under the stress conditions tested. In addition, minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) against food-spoilage and pathogenic microbes were determined. The strongest growth inhibitory activity of foodborne pathogens was noted by the A. citrodora ethanolic extract, while the aqueous A. citrodora extract had no effect against Escherichia coli. Importantly, the spoilage and pathogenic microbes tested were more sensitive to the extracts than the probiotic strains, indicating a significant contribution to the functional regulation of food microbiota, provided that they are used at the optimum concentration.

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Demirel Topel, Seda y Mustafa İlker Beyaz. "Fluorescence quenching-based bodipy-boronic acid linked viologen dual system for potential glucose sensing applications". Sensor Review 42, n.º 1 (28 de octubre de 2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-03-2021-0088.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a non-enzymatic based glucose-sensing platform composed of Bodipy-BBV dual system which can be monitored by a photodetector under the blue LED excitation. Design/methodology/approach The sensor has been developed from a dual system including a fluorescent dye, an aldehyde derivative of boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy) and a quencher, orto-boronic acid linked viologen (o-BBV) where their combination resulted in a ratiometric fluorescence quenching in ethanol: PBS (1:1, pH:7.4) solution under UV light excitation. By glucose addition, o-BBV has been released from the Bodipy and binded to cis-diol groups of glucose, thereby fluorescence emission of Bodipy has been regained. Furthermore, a setup consisting of a light emitting diode (LED) and a photodiode (PD) was used to prove electrical detection of glucose without the need for expensive and bulky optical equipment, enabling the development of a miniaturized and low-cost glucose-sensing platform. Findings The fluorescence intensity of the Bodipy derivative in the solution (2 × 10−6 M) was diminished by 93% in the presence of o-BBV solution (5 × 10−3 M). Upon the glucose addition, 81% of the Bodipy fluorescence intensity has been recovered after introduction of 30 mM of glucose, where the ratio of o-BBV/Bodipy was 35:1. A linear response between 10 and 30 mM glucose concentration was obtained, which covers the biologically significant range. A high correlation between the photodiode current and Bodipy fluorescence intensity was achieved. Originality/value Even though Bodipy molecules are known with their superior optical properties and applied to the fluorescence-based detection of glucose, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no work has been reported on Bodipy-BBV dual system to detect glucose molecules as a non-enzymatic based method. This design enables the dye and the quencher to independently coexist in the solution, allowing for tuning of their individual concentrations to optimize the glucose sensitivity. Furthermore, an electrical light detection scheme consisting of a LED and a photodiode has been implemented to eliminate the bulky optical equipment from the measurement setup and further this work for the development of a compact and inexpensive sensor. The results presented here demonstrate the feasibility of this system for the development of a novel glucose sensor.

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Boldyreva, Yulia V., Ilya A. Lebedev, Ekaterina V. Zakharchuk, Javid F. Garaev, Sofia V. Adamchuk y Arthur M. Smilyanin. "Oligopeptides as Biochemically Significant Molecules". Journal of Ural Medical Academic Science 18, n.º 2 (2021): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22138/2500-0918-2021-18-2-138-146.

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Peptides are a class of organic substances consisting of two or more amino acid residues connected to each other by peptide bonds —C(O)NH—. Peptides were first mentioned in 1900 by the German organic chemist G. E. Fischer. He assumed that peptides consist of a chain of amino acids connected by a certain type of bond. In 1902, he was able to prove the presence of a peptide bond, and by 1905 he had developed a general method that allows synthesizing peptides in the laboratory. Friedrich Engels said the most succinctly about proteins: «Life is a way of existence of protein bodies...». It follows from this that if there are protein molecules, there is an organism’s life and, conversely, there are no proteins — the organism is not viable. Probably, this fact served as an incentive for further study of peptides. So, in the middle of the last century, an opinion appeared among scientists about a new class of chemically active substances-cytomedins (biologically active peptides, regulatory peptides, peptide bioregulators (PB)). These molecules will be discussed in this paper.

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Hilt, J. Zachary y Mark E. Byrne. "Configurational biomimesis in drug delivery: molecular imprinting of biologically significant molecules". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 56, n.º 11 (septiembre de 2004): 1599–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2004.04.002.

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Insuasty, Daniel, Juan Castillo, Diana Becerra, Hugo Rojas y Rodrigo Abonia. "Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules through Multicomponent Reactions". Molecules 25, n.º 3 (24 de enero de 2020): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030505.

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Focusing on the literature progress since 2002, the present review explores the highly significant role that multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have played as a very important tool for expedite synthesis of a vast number of organic molecules, but also, highlights the fact that many of such molecules are biologically active or at least have been submitted to any biological screen. The selected papers covered in this review must meet two mandatory requirements: (1) the reported products should be obtained via a multicomponent reaction; (2) the reported products should be biologically actives or at least tested for any biological property. Given the diversity of synthetic approaches utilized in MCRs, the highly diverse nature of the biological activities evaluated for the synthesized compounds, and considering their huge structural variability, much of the reported data are organized into concise schemes and tables to facilitate comparison, and to underscore the key points of this review.

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Shakya, Shubhra, Akshaya Ambati y Mahendra Kumar Verma. "Nicotine biodegradation and trafficking of its metabolites for the production of industrially significant compounds". Research Journal of Biotechnology 17, n.º 8 (25 de julio de 2022): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1708rjbt1510160.

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Nicotine and related alkaloids are toxic contaminants primarily originating as wastes from intense tobacco cultivation and processing in the Guntur district region of Andhra Pradesh. Since these alkaloids are harmful to the environment and emerged as a major global problem, there is an immense need to find safer and cheaper remedial methods. The microbes possess tremendous potential to utilize the toxic alkaloids and also yield industrially significant molecules. Pseudomonas species are the leading bacterial strains in recycling nicotine/nicotine-related alkaloids and produce useful compounds such as HSP (6-Hydroxy−3-succinoyl pyridine) and DHP (2,3-Dihydroxypyridine). These intermediates from nicotine metabolic pathways in various microbes act as precursors in the production of several therapeutics viz. anti-cancer, anti-malarial and analgesic drugs. Also, the intermediates could be employed in the development of drugs for the treatment of vascular and CNS disorders. Currently, nicotine remediation is not only restricted to biotransformation of the toxic intermediate and/or end compounds, but also to achieving some useful products. This review focuses on the microbial metabolic pathways and the genetic competence of different microbes in achieving eco-friendly nicotine utilization. Further, a terse account of the scope of the microbial potential in the development of pharmaceutically important molecules from the metabolic intermediates of nicotine is presented.

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Carotenuto, Gianfranco y Luigi Nicolais. "Electrical Method for In Vivo Testing of Exhalation Sensors Based on Natural Clinoptilolite". Coatings 12, n.º 3 (13 de marzo de 2022): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12030377.

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Natural substances with a complex chemical structure can be advantageously used for functional applications. Such functional materials can be found both in the mineral and biological worlds. Owing to the presence of ionic charge carriers (i.e., extra-framework cations) in their crystal lattice, whose mobility is strictly depending on parameters of the external environment (e.g., temperature, humidity, presence of small gaseous polar molecules, etc.), zeolites can be industrially exploited as a novel functional material class with great potentialities in sensors and electric/electronic field. For fast-responding chemical-sensing applications, ionic transport at the zeolite surface is much more useful than bulk-transport, since molecular transport in the channel network takes place by a very slow diffusion mechanism. The environmental dependence of electrical conductivity of common natural zeolites characterized by an aluminous nature (e.g., chabasite, clinoptilolite, etc.) can be conveniently exploited to fabricate impedimetric water-vapor sensors for apnea syndrome monitoring. The high mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability of geomorphic clinoptilolite (the most widely spread natural zeolite type) makes this type of zeolite the most adequate mineral substance to fabricate self-supporting impedimetric water-vapor sensors. In the development of devices for medical monitoring (e.g., apnea-syndrome monitors), it is very important to combine these inexpensive nature-made sensors with a low-weight simplified electronic circuitry that can be easily integrated in wearable items (e.g., garments, wristwatch, etc.). Very low power square-wave voltage sources (micro-Watt voltage sources) show significant voltage drops under only a minimal electric load, and this property of the ac generator can be advantageously exploited for detecting the small impedimetric change observed in clinoptilolite sensors during their exposition to water vapor coming from the human respiratory exhalation. Owing to the ionic conduction mechanism (single-charge carrier) characterizing the zeolite slab surface, the sensor biasing by an ac signal is strictly required. Cheap handheld multimeters frequently include a very low power square-wave (or sinusoidal) voltage source of different frequency (typically 50 Hz or 1 kHz) that is used as a signal injector (signal tracer) to test audio amplifiers (low-frequency amplifies), tone control (equalizer), radios, etc. Such multimeter outputs can be connected in parallel with a true-RMS (Root-Mean-Square) ac voltmeter to detect the response of the clinoptilolite-based impedimetric sensors as voltage drop. The frequency of exhalation during breathing can be measured, and the exhalation behavior can be visualized, too, by using the voltmeter readings. Many handheld multimeters also include a data-logging possibility, which is extremely useful to record the voltage reading over time, thus giving a time-resolved voltage measurement that contains all information concerning the breathing test. Based on the same principle (i.e., voltage drop under minimal resistive load) a devoted electronic circuitry can also be made.

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Stan, Adina Dora, Codruta Birle y Dana Slavoaca. "Biological molecules in clinical stroke trials". Romanian Journal of Neurology 12, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2013): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2013.4.2.

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Stroke remains a leading cause of disability and mortality all over the world despite the efforts made towards improving treatment. Most of the clinical studies have not shown significant beneficial effects in the evaluation of various molecules for their neuroprotection and neuro-recovery promoting properties. The new concept of multimodal, pleiotropic drugs has opened new perspectives in this field. This review focuses on clinical stroke studies with biologically active molecules such as erythropoietin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and Cerebrolysin.

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Hussain, Altaf, S. K. Yousuf y Debaraj Mukherjee. "Importance and synthesis of benzannulated medium-sized and macrocyclic rings (BMRs)". RSC Adv. 4, n.º 81 (2014): 43241–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra07434c.

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Cyclic molecular frameworks, especially the benzannulated medium-sized and macrocyclic ring (BMR) systems, constitute an integral component of a large number of biologically significant natural or synthetic molecules.

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Martynova, N. V., N. N. Besschetnova, V. P. Besschetnov y R. V. Martynov. "Effectiveness of stimulating treatment cuttings of privet common (Ligustrum vulgare L.) with biologically active preparations". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 875, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2021): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/875/1/012081.

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Abstract The effectiveness of the use biologically active substances in the rooting of cuttings privet common (Ligustrum vulgare L.) in its introduction in the region of Nizhny Novgorod was studied. The processes of callus adventitious root formation were studied. The research target was an arboretum collection of common privet in Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy with geographical coordinates 56°19′43” N, 44°00′O7” E and an altitude of 141 m above sea level. Tested nine industrially produced biologically active preparations widely used in tree and forest nurseries to increase the efficiency of rooting cuttings. The positive effect of cutting treatment with biologically active preparations was confirmed. A significant intensity of callus formation was recorded in the variants with profistim (98.50±1.05%) and extrasol (96.50±0.76%). A noticeable increase in the number of adnexal roots was caused by the use of the drugs heteroauxin (24.55±1.08 pcs.) and ferovit (22.00±1.38 pcs.). The best results for the total length of adventive roots were obtained after the use of heteroauxin (266.92±16.71 cm) and ecofus (272.22±14.42 cm). The effectiveness of bioactive drugs in stimulating regeneration processes on privet cuttings, increasing in the intensity of callus formation and the rate of linear growth of adventitious roots has been proven.

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Hunt-Cunningham, Maria R. y Paul A. Jones. "Searching for Biomolecules with the ATCA: First Results". Symposium - International Astronomical Union 213 (2004): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900193180.

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A search for biologically significant molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM) is currently being undertaken with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) of the CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF) at millimetre wavelengths. The search includes several chiral molecules, and glycine, the simplest amino acid. Some first results from this search are presented here.

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24

Rauf, Abdul, Saba Maqbool, Muhammad Naeem, Adnan Aslam, Hamideh Aram y Kraidi Anoh Yannick. "Study of Vanadium Carbide Structures Based on Ve and Ev-Degree Topological Indices". Journal of Chemistry 2021 (27 de diciembre de 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7189918.

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Vanadium is a biologically active product with significant industrial and biological applications. Vanadium is found in a variety of minerals and fossil fuels, the most common of which are sandstones, crude oil, and coal. Topological descriptors are numerical numbers assigned to the molecular structures and have the ability to predict certain of their physical/chemical properties. In this paper, we have studied topological descriptors of vanadium carbide structure based on ev and ve degrees. In particular, we have computed the closed forms of Zagreb, Randic, geometric-arithmetic, and atom-bond connectivity (ABC) indices of vanadium carbide structure based on ev and ve degrees. This kind of study may be useful for understanding the biological and chemical behavior of the structure.

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25

Рожков, Сергей Павлович, Андрей Сергеевич Горюнов, Sergey Rozhkov y Andrey Goryunov. "STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC EFFECTS OF PROTEIN AND OTHER BIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT MOLECULES’ INTERACTION WITH SHUNGITE NANOCARBON". Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, n.º 5 (22 de mayo de 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17076/eb450.

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26

Rosenthal, Ionel y Peter Riesz. "Electron spin resonance and spin-trapping studies of radiation damage in biologically significant molecules". International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 30, n.º 5-6 (enero de 1987): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0197(87)90107-x.

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27

Anestopoulos, Ioannis, Despoina Eugenia Kiousi, Ariel Klavaris, Alex Galanis, Karina Salek, Stephen R. Euston, Aglaia Pappa y Mihalis I. Panayiotidis. "Surface Active Agents and Their Health-Promoting Properties: Molecules of Multifunctional Significance". Pharmaceutics 12, n.º 7 (21 de julio de 2020): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12070688.

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Surface active agents (SAAs) are molecules with the capacity to adsorb to solid surfaces and/or fluid interfaces, a property that allows them to act as multifunctional ingredients (e.g., wetting and dispersion agents, emulsifiers, foaming and anti-foaming agents, lubricants, etc.) in a widerange of the consumer products of various industrial sectors (e.g., pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, personal care, detergents, food, etc.). Given their widespread utilization, there is a continuously growing interest to explore their role in consumer products (relevant to promoting human health) and how such information can be utilized in order to synthesize better chemical derivatives. In this review article, weaimed to provide updated information on synthetic and biological (biosurfactants) SAAs and their health-promoting properties (e.g., anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-aging) in an attempt to better define some of the underlying mechanism(s) by which they exert such properties.

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28

Teleanu, Raluca, Margarita Matei, Magdalena Sandu y Smaranda Nita. "Valproate induced subclinical hypothyroidism in children with epilepsy". Romanian Journal of Neurology 12, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2013): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2013.4.4.

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Stroke remains a leading cause of disability and mortality all over the world despite the efforts made towards improving treatment. Most of the clinical studies have not shown significant beneficial effects in the evaluation of various molecules for their neuroprotection and neuro-recovery promoting properties. The new concept of multimodal, pleiotropic drugs has opened new perspectives in this field. This review focuses on clinical stroke studies with biologically active molecules such as erythropoietin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and Cerebrolysin.

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29

Gower-Fry, Lexi, Travis Kronemann, Andreas Dorian, Yinglan Pu, Carolin Jaworski, Carmen Wängler, Peter Bartenstein et al. "Recent Advances in the Clinical Translation of Silicon Fluoride Acceptor (SiFA) 18F-Radiopharmaceuticals". Pharmaceuticals 14, n.º 7 (20 de julio de 2021): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14070701.

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The incorporation of silicon fluoride acceptor (SiFA) moieties into a variety of molecules, such as peptides, proteins and biologically relevant small molecules, has improved the generation of 18F-radiopharmaceuticals for medical imaging. The efficient isotopic exchange radiofluorination process, in combination with the enhanced [18F]SiFA in vivo stability, make it a suitable strategy for fluorine-18 incorporation. This review will highlight the clinical applicability of [18F]SiFA-labeled compounds and discuss the significant radiotracers currently in clinical use.

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30

Karan, Ram, Pooja Agarwal, Mukty Sinha y Neelima Mahato. "Recent Advances on Quinazoline Derivatives: A Potential Bioactive Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry". ChemEngineering 5, n.º 4 (26 de octubre de 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5040073.

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This paper intended to explore and discover recent therapeutic agents in the area of medicinal chemistry for the treatment of various diseases. Heterocyclic compounds represent an important group of biologically active compounds. In the last few years, heterocyclic compounds having quinazoline moiety have drawn immense attention owing to their significant biological activities. A diverse range of molecules having quinazoline moiety are reported to show a broad range of medicinal activities like antifungal, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and other activities. This study accelerates the designing process to generate a greater number of biologically active candidates.

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31

Jia, X., Q. Liao, S. Chen, J. Wang y S. Lai. "Investigation of significant microRNA-mRNA pairs associated with nonspecific digestive disorder in rabbits". World Rabbit Science 25, n.º 4 (28 de diciembre de 2017): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2017.6839.

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Nonspecific digestive disorders (NSDD) are one of the major intestinal problems in rabbit, with considerable economic losses in industrial rabbit farms. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as small non-coding RNAs, have significant biological involvement in intestinal disorders. In this study, we investigated the expression levels of 25 genes and 25 miRNAs in ileum, rabbit sacculus rotundus (RSR) and colon tissues from 9 rabbits with different severity of NSDD. These molecules have been found to be related to NSDD or inflammatory bowel disease, which will help recognise the miRNA-mRNA pairs. Finally, 108 possible pairs of miRNA-mRNA pairs with an anti-correlation were identified by Pearson’s correlation analysis between differentially expressed 25 miRNAs and 23 mRNAs. Ninety-five of these miRNA-mRNA pairs were hitherto unexplored, and their roles in NSDD biology require further elucidation. Our results give a clue to the potential miRNA-mRNA pairs for the NSDD that can further improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of NSDD in rabbit.

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32

Azad, Iqbal, Firoj Hassan, Mohammad `Saquib, Naseem Ahmad, Abdul Rahman Khan, Abdillah G.Al-Sehemi y Malik Nasibullah. "A Critical Review on Advances in the Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyrroles". Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, n.º 4 (17 de agosto de 2018): 1670–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340401.

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Nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds are biologically significant molecules. This is especially true for pyrrole a five membered nitrogen containing aromatic molecule, which is present as a key structural motif in a large number of drugs and lead molecules. This review aims to provide an overview of the multi-component reaction (MCR) based methodologies used for the synthesis of pyrrole and its derivatives, focusing particularly on eco-friendly methods that avoid the use of hazardous reagents, solvents and catalysts are deemed especially relevant to the disciplines of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.

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33

Ghosh, Asit, Raghunath Dey y Prabal Banerjee. "Relieving the stress together: annulation of two different strained rings towards the formation of biologically significant heterocyclic scaffolds". Chemical Communications 57, n.º 44 (2021): 5359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc00998b.

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34

Alam, Md Asraful, Roberto Parra-Saldivar, Muhammad Bilal, Chowdhury Alfi Afroze, Md Nasir Ahmed, Hafiz M. N. Iqbal y Jingliang Xu. "Algae-Derived Bioactive Molecules for the Potential Treatment of SARS-CoV-2". Molecules 26, n.º 8 (8 de abril de 2021): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082134.

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The recently emerged COVID-19 disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has adversely affected the whole world. As a significant public health threat, it has spread worldwide. Scientists and global health experts are collaborating to find and execute speedy diagnostics, robust and highly effective vaccines, and therapeutic techniques to tackle COVID-19. The ocean is an immense source of biologically active molecules and/or compounds with antiviral-associated biopharmaceutical and immunostimulatory attributes. Some specific algae-derived molecules can be used to produce antibodies and vaccines to treat the COVID-19 disease. Algae have successfully synthesized several metabolites as natural defense compounds that enable them to survive under extreme environments. Several algae-derived bioactive molecules and/or compounds can be used against many diseases, including microbial and viral infections. Moreover, some algae species can also improve immunity and suppress human viral activity. Therefore, they may be recommended for use as a preventive remedy against COVID-19. Considering the above critiques and unique attributes, herein, we aimed to systematically assess algae-derived, biologically active molecules that could be used against this disease by looking at their natural sources, mechanisms of action, and prior pharmacological uses. This review also serves as a starting point for this research area to accelerate the establishment of anti-SARS-CoV-2 bioproducts.

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35

Sondhi, Palak, Dhanbir Lingden y Keith J. Stine. "Structure, Formation, and Biological Interactions of Supported Lipid Bilayers (SLB) Incorporating Lipopolysaccharide". Coatings 10, n.º 10 (14 de octubre de 2020): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100981.

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Biomimetic membrane systems play a crucial role in the field of biosensor engineering. Over the years, significant progress has been achieved creating artificial membranes by various strategies from vesicle fusion to Langmuir transfer approaches to meet an ever-growing demand for supported lipid bilayers on various substrates such as glass, mica, gold, polymer cushions, and many more. This paper reviews the diversity seen in the preparation of biologically relevant model lipid membranes which includes monolayers and bilayers of phospholipid and other crucial components such as proteins, characterization techniques, changes in the physical properties of the membranes during molecular interactions and the dynamics of the lipid membrane with biologically active molecules with special emphasis on lipopolysaccharides (LPS).

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36

Grande, Rossella y Simone Carradori. "Novel Biologically Active Molecules, Biomaterials, and Nanoparticles for Microbial Biofilm Control in Human Medicine". Molecules 26, n.º 9 (7 de mayo de 2021): 2749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26092749.

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The aim of the present special issue, proposed by two Co-Guest Editors with expertise in Clinical Microbiology and Medicinal Chemistry, is to collect and disseminate some of the most significant and innovative contributions focused on biofilm removal strategies, based on the use of natural or synthetic compounds/molecules/peptides or nanoparticles as well as biofilm formation inhibition aimed at both the control and monitoring of biofilm infections in medicine, food, industry, and natural environments [...]

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37

Singer, Amit y Fred J. Sigworth. "Computational Methods for Single-Particle Electron Cryomicroscopy". Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science 3, n.º 1 (20 de julio de 2020): 163–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-021020-093826.

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Single-particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) is an increasingly popular technique for elucidating the three-dimensional (3D) structure of proteins and other biologically significant complexes at near-atomic resolution. It is an imaging method that does not require crystallization and can capture molecules in their native states. In single-particle cryo-EM, the 3D molecular structure needs to be determined from many noisy 2D tomographic projections of individual molecules, whose orientations and positions are unknown. The high level of noise and the unknown pose parameters are two key elements that make reconstruction a challenging computational problem. Even more challenging is the inference of structural variability and flexible motions when the individual molecules being imaged are in different conformational states. This review discusses computational methods for structure determination by single-particle cryo-EM and their guiding principles from statistical inference, machine learning, and signal processing, which also play a significant role in many other data science applications.

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38

Zhang, Jiaoyue, Qitao Jia, Na Li, Liqiang Gu, Wenjia Dan y Jiangkun Dai. "Recent Developments of Gramine: Chemistry and Biological Activity". Molecules 28, n.º 15 (27 de julio de 2023): 5695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28155695.

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The natural alkaloid gramine has attracted significant attention in both academic and industrial circles because of its potential and diverse biological activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities; application in therapy for Alzheimer’s disease; serotonin-receptor-related activity; insecticidal activity; and application as an algicide. In this review, we focus on the research advances that have been made for gramine-based molecules since their discovery, providing key information on their extraction and separation, chemical synthesis and diverse biological activities. Data regarding their mechanisms of action are also presented. This comprehensive and critical review will serve as a guide for developing more drug candidates based on gramine skeletons.

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39

Ramasubramanian, Anusuya, Rachel Tennyson, Maureen Magnay, Sagar Kathuria, Tara Travaline, Annu Jain, Dana M. Lord et al. "Bringing the Heavy Chain to Light: Creating a Symmetric, Bivalent IgG-Like Bispecific". Antibodies 9, n.º 4 (6 de noviembre de 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib9040062.

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Bispecific molecules are biologically significant, yet their complex structures pose important manufacturing and pharmacokinetic challenges. Nevertheless, owing to similarities with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), IgG-like bispecifics conceptually align well with conventional expression and manufacturing platforms and often exhibit potentially favorable drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) properties. However, IgG-like bispecifics do not possess target bivalency and current designs often require tedious engineering and purification to ensure appropriate chain pairing. Here, we present a near-native IgG antibody format, the 2xVH, which can create bivalency for each target or epitope and requires no engineering for cognate chain pairing. In this modality, two different variable heavy (VH) domains with distinct binding specificities are grafted onto the first constant heavy (CH1) and constant light (CL) domains, conferring the molecule with dual specificity. To determine the versatility of this format, we characterized the expression, binding, and stability of several previously identified soluble human VH domains. By grafting these domains onto an IgG scaffold, we generated several prototype 2xVH IgG and Fab molecules that display similar properties to mAbs. These molecules avoided the post-expression purification necessary for engineered bispecifics while maintaining a capacity for simultaneous dual binding. Hence, the 2xVH format represents a bivalent, bispecific design that addresses limitations of manufacturing IgG-like bispecifics while promoting biologically-relevant dual target engagement.

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40

Casey, Duncan, Kalypso Charalambous, Antony Gee, Robert V. Law y Oscar Ces. "Amphiphilic drug interactions with model cellular membranes are influenced by lipid chain-melting temperature". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, n.º 94 (6 de mayo de 2014): 20131062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.1062.

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Small-molecule amphiphilic species such as many drug molecules frequently exhibit low-to-negligible aqueous solubility, and generally have no identified transport proteins assisting their distribution, yet are able to rapidly penetrate significant distances into patient tissue and even cross the blood–brain barrier. Previous work has identified a mechanism of translocation driven by acid-catalysed lipid hydrolysis of biological membranes, a process which is catalysed by the presence of cationic amphiphilic drug molecules. In this study, the interactions of raclopride, a model amphiphilic drug, were investigated with mixtures of biologically relevant lipids across a range of compositions, revealing the influence of the chain-melting temperature of the lipids upon the rate of acyl hydrolysis.

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41

Famakinwa, Abiodun, Jumoke Ilo, Olakunbi Olubi, Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju, Jessy Van Wyk y Anthony Obilana. "Extraction and Industrial Applications of Macro Molecules: A Review". Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 11, n.º 3 (31 de diciembre de 2023): 910–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.11.3.02.

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Macromolecules, large molecules composed of repeating subunits called monomers, play a crucial role in living organisms, performing diverse functions such as energy storage, structural support, information storage and transfer, and catalysis of chemical reactions. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four major classes of biological macromolecules. Extracting macromolecules from natural resources is critical in developing analytical processes and subsequent fortified products. Public awareness has grown due to using natural resources for environmental preservation and sustainable development. Extraction might be the first step in developing analytical methods and give room to product development. However, conventional techniques use organic solvents like acetone, ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate along with heated or boiling water. As a result, high temperatures and lengthy extraction times are produced when procedures like maceration, percolation, and solvent extraction are utilized. Due to these drawbacks, other extraction techniques have recently started to replace these conventional methods. These conventional procedures frequently entail using an energy source to hasten the transfer of the macromolecules compounds for further processing. This paper explores emerging techniques, such as pulse electric field-assisted extraction, Ionic liquid-based extraction, Subcritical water extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, Enzyme-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasonication-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction. The extraction of macromolecules for fortification purposes offers significant health and commercial benefits, addressing nutritional deficits and malnutrition. By understanding each macronutrient's specific benefits and purposes, effective fortification strategies can be developed to maintain a healthy body.

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42

Sharma, Minaxi, Dhananjaya Pratap Singh, Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa, Marc Stadler, Pradeep Kumar Mishra, Roberto Nascimento Silva, Ram Prasad y Vijai Kumar Gupta. "The Biomolecular Spectrum Drives Microbial Biology and Functions in Agri-Food-Environments". Biomolecules 10, n.º 3 (4 de marzo de 2020): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10030401.

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Microbial biomolecules have huge commercial and industrial potential. In nature, biological interactions are mostly associated with biochemical and biological diversity, especially with the discovery of associated biomolecules from microbes. Within cellular or subcellular systems, biomolecules signify the actual statuses of the microorganisms. Understanding the biological prospecting of the diverse microbial community and their complexities and communications with the environment forms a vital basis for active, innovative biotechnological breakthroughs. Biochemical diversity rather than the specific chemicals that has the utmost biological importance. The identification and quantification of the comprehensive biochemical diversity of the microbial molecules, which generally consequences in a diversity of biological functions, has significant biotechnological potential. Beneficial microbes and their biomolecules of interest can assist as potential constituents for the wide-range of natural product-based preparations and formulations currently being developed on an industrial scale. The understanding of the production methods and functions of these biomolecules will contribute to valorisation of agriculture, food bioprocessing and biopharma, and prevent human diseases related to the environment.

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43

Dash, Santwona, Manasa K. Panda, Mayanglambam C. Singh, Bimal P. Jit, Yengkhom D. Singh y Jayanta K. Patra. "Bioactive Molecules from the Alpinia Genus: A Comprehensive Review". Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, n.º 14 (7 de diciembre de 2020): 1412–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200510002409.

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Background: Floral has diversity and unique nature due to the complex structure and component. Alpinia is an important genus of the Zingiberaceae family having complex taxonomical diversity. The presence of many unique bioactive molecules makes this genus, a pharmaceutically important genus. They provide a wide range of medicinal properties, including traditional remedies to modern therapeutic applications. Methods: Extracts of Alpinia mostly contain bioactive molecules and secondary metabolites such as polyphenolics, tannins, flavonoids and other therapeutically important compounds. These bioactive molecules are biologically active, treating against inflammation, cancer, arterial hypertension, and other deadly diseases. Results: These bioactive molecules can act as natural enzyme inhibitors for some of the deadly diseases and can block the pathway for metabolic activities. In addition, these genera have played a major role in multidisciplinary studies of phytochemistry, ethnobotany, and pharmacological aspects in day-to-day life. Conclusion: Therefore, this review highlights the fewer known facts of the genus Alpinia in terms of bioactive molecules and its significant therapeutic applications to help in combating major diseases of humans.

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44

Sultan, Salma, Walid Mottawea, JuDong Yeo y Riadh Hammami. "Gut Microbiota Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Molecules Mediating Host-Microbiota Communications". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n.º 23 (6 de diciembre de 2021): 13166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313166.

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Over the past decade, gut microbiota dysbiosis has been linked to many health disorders; however, the detailed mechanism of this correlation remains unclear. Gut microbiota can communicate with the host through immunological or metabolic signalling. Recently, microbiota-released extracellular vesicles (MEVs) have emerged as significant mediators in the intercellular signalling mechanism that could be an integral part of microbiota-host communications. MEVs are small membrane-bound vesicles that encase a broad spectrum of biologically active compounds (i.e., proteins, mRNA, miRNA, DNA, carbohydrates, and lipids), thus mediating the horizontal transfer of their cargo across intra- and intercellular space. In this study, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth discussion of the biogenesis of microbial-derived EVs, their classification and routes of production, as well as their role in inter-bacterial and inter-kingdom signaling.

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45

Gelli, Rita, Serena Salvestrini y Francesca Ridi. "Effect of Biologically-Relevant Molecules on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Amorphous Magnesium–Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2021): 2872–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19049.

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The recently-discovered endogenous formation of amorphous magnesium–calcium phosphate nanoparticles (AMCPs) in human distal small intestine occurs in a complex environment, which is rich in biologically-relevant molecules and macromolecules that can shape the properties and the stability of these inorganic particles. In this work, we selected as case studies four diverse molecules, which have different properties and are representative of intestinal luminal components, namely butyric acid, lactose, gluten and peptidoglycan. We prepared AMCPs in the presence of these four additives and we investigated their effect on the features of the particles in terms of morphology, porosity, chemical nature and incorporation/adsorption. The combined use of electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis showed that while the morphology and microstructure of the particles do not depend on the type of additive present during the synthesis, AMCPs are able to incorporate a significant amount of peptidoglycan, similarly to the process in which they are involved in vivo.

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46

Kontaxakis, Emmanouil, Emmanouil Trantas y Filippos Ververidis. "Resveratrol: A Fair Race Towards Replacing Sulfites in Wines". Molecules 25, n.º 10 (20 de mayo de 2020): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102378.

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In recent years, significant efforts to produce healthier wines has led to the replacement or reduction of the addition of sulfites, using alternative substances or techniques. Resveratrol and related biophenols seem to be of great interest, since beyond their protective nature and contrary to sulfites they can positively affect consumer health. These bioactive phytochemicals are naturally produced in grapes as evolutionary acquired mechanisms against pathogens and UV irradiation. However, despite the efforts made so far attempting to develop economic and industrially adopted isolation techniques, available quantities of these biophenols for commercial use are still quite limited. Therefore, such molecules are still not able to meet the needs of industrial use due to their prohibitive marketable cost. In this review we summarize the efforts that have been made to biosynthesize these molecules through alternative, innovative ways. Increasing interest in modern biotechnological approaches has shed light on the exploitation of metabolically engineered microbial factories, instead of plants, to produce molecules of industrial interest. Such approaches, also reviewed here, are expected to lower the cost and appear promising to produce enough surplus to attract further oenological experimentation upon yielding functional wines. This development is expected to attract further industrial attention, continuing the race to partially or totally replace the external addition of sulfites. We also review important physicochemical properties of resveratrol in relation to enriching wines.

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47

Bala, Saroj, Diksha Garg, Kandi Sridhar, Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj, Ranjan Singh, Srinivasulu Kamma, Manikant Tripathi y Minaxi Sharma. "Transformation of Agro-Waste into Value-Added Bioproducts and Bioactive Compounds: Micro/Nano Formulations and Application in the Agri-Food-Pharma Sector". Bioengineering 10, n.º 2 (23 de enero de 2023): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10020152.

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The agricultural sector generates a significant amount of waste, the majority of which is not productively used and is becoming a danger to both world health and the environment. Because of the promising relevance of agro-residues in the agri-food-pharma sectors, various bioproducts and novel biologically active molecules are produced through valorization techniques. Valorization of agro-wastes involves physical, chemical, and biological, including green, pretreatment methods. Bioactives and bioproducts development from agro-wastes has been widely researched in recent years. Nanocapsules are now used to increase the efficacy of bioactive molecules in food applications. This review addresses various agri-waste valorization methods, value-added bioproducts, the recovery of bioactive compounds, and their uses. Moreover, it also covers the present status of bioactive micro- and nanoencapsulation strategies and their applications.

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48

Matiadis, Dimitris. "Metal-Catalyzed and Metal-Mediated Approaches to the Synthesis and Functionalization of Tetramic Acids". Catalysts 9, n.º 1 (7 de enero de 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9010050.

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The heterocyclic ring of tetramic acids is found in naturally occurred biologically active products isolated from fungi, bacteria, molds, and sponges. Thus, these molecules have attracted significant attention as synthetic targets, and various synthetic paths have been developed. Over recent years, a growing number of catalytic approaches toward functionalized products have been established in order to overcome the limitations of the conventional methods. The present review describes the strategies for the metal-catalyzed and metal-promoted synthesis and further derivatization of tetramic acids, with emphasis on recent examples from the literature.

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49

Markowska, Agnieszka, Adam Roman Markowski y Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz. "The Importance of 6-Aminohexanoic Acid as a Hydrophobic, Flexible Structural Element". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n.º 22 (9 de noviembre de 2021): 12122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212122.

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6-aminohexanoic acid is an ω-amino acid with a hydrophobic, flexible structure. Although the ω-amino acid in question is mainly used clinically as an antifibrinolytic drug, other applications are also interesting and important. This synthetic lysine derivative, without an α-amino group, plays a significant role in chemical synthesis of modified peptides and in the polyamide synthetic fibers (nylon) industry. It is also often used as a linker in various biologically active structures. This review concentrates on the role of 6-aminohexanoic acid in the structure of various molecules.

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50

Tripathi, Garima, Anil Kumar Singh y Abhijeet Kumar. "Arylpyrazoles: Heterocyclic Scaffold of Immense Therapeutic Application". Current Organic Chemistry 24, n.º 14 (13 de octubre de 2020): 1555–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179417999200628035645.

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Among the major class of heterocycles, the N-heterocycles, such as pyrazoles, are scaffolds of vast medicinal values. Various drugs and other biologically active molecules are known to contain these N-heterocycles as core motifs. Specifically, arylpyrazoles have exhibited a diverse range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, antimicrobial and various others. For instance, arylpyrazoles are present as core moieties in various insecticides, fungicides and drugs such as Celebrex and Trocoxil. The present review will be highlighting the significant therapeutic importance of pyrazole derivatives developed in the last few years.

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