Bibliografías temáticas / Industrial plant monitoring

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Industrial plant monitoring"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 10 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Industrial plant monitoring"

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Ge, Zhiqiang y Junghui Chen. "Plant-Wide Industrial Process Monitoring: A Distributed Modeling Framework". IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 12, n.º 1 (febrero de 2016): 310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2015.2509247.

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Intelligent Applications Ltd. "Industrial plant/process condition monitoring and fault diagnosis products". Knowledge-Based Systems 1, n.º 2 (marzo de 1988): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-7051(88)90014-7.

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Gupta, Sumeet, Shekhar Verma, G. S. Tomar y Raj Kumar Abrol. "Intelligent Industrial Data Acquisition and Energy Monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks". International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 2, n.º 3 (julio de 2010): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jghpc.2010070104.

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Most of the application-oriented research in the field of Wireless Sensor Networks has been in remote monitoring, including environmental, building automation, and security. However, this paper presents the methodology followed for implementation of a Wireless Sensor Network based solution in a process plant for energy management and leak detection. The sensor network acquires data pertaining to detection of leakage in a plant. The network further serves effectively as a maintenance and diagnostic system that is used to manage the plant and conserve energy in a process plant. The critical design issues, testing methodologies and implementation problems pertaining to the system are also presented. Additionally, special focus has been placed on the calculations pertaining to the network life time.
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Figliuolo Brandão, Rozilda. "Monitoring of Fugitive Emissions in Petrochemical Plant". Water Science and Technology 29, n.º 8 (1 de abril de 1994): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0395.

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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that a third of the emissions into the atmosphere in some industrial plants is due to Fugitive Emissions. It defines Fugitive Emissions as the diffuse release of volatile organic compounds (VOC) or hydrocarbons into the atmosphere, through pumps, valves, connections, open-ended lines, compressors, etc., establishing emission patterns and monitoring frequency. COPENE Petroquimica do Nordeste S/A has been implanting a program of fugitive emissions adapted to the reality, trying to promote a continuous improvement in its employees' working conditions and in environmental protection. This paper presents the methodology for the elaboration of this program and the conclusions of some surveys which were already completed.
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Weng, Hao y Jinji Gao. "A Wireless Routing Protocol for Pumps Monitoring in Large Industrial Plant". Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5, n.º 9 (20 de marzo de 2013): 2870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.5.4819.

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Aguilar-López, Ricardo, Rafael Martínez-Guerra, Juan Mendoza-Camargo y María Isabel Neria-González. "Monitoring of an industrial wastewater plant employing finite-time convergence observer". Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 81, n.º 6 (2006): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1458.

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Sharif, M. A. y R. I. Grosvenor. "Process plant condition monitoring and fault diagnosis". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 212, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 1998): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954408981529268.

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The paper reviews current research work in the field of process condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. The review compares and contrasts the applicability and efficiency of different techniques, and concentrates on methods which monitor the main process variables. From the wide range of methods and process variables, temperature, flowrate and liquid level are used here in comparing the limitations and applications of each method. The scope of the paper ranges from basic, well established techniques to the latest reported monitoring strategies for each of the process variables. Furthermore, the different methods of fault diagnosis deemed to be relevant in process plant are reviewed. The detection of the internal leakage in the control valves and motor faults are discussed in detail, as examples of the monitoring of vital process plant components. The paper then outlines areas of future work, such as the development of a user friendly interface. This interface is based on state transition diagrams (STDs) as well as on the use of a knowledge based system (KBS) to model and diagnose faults in vital process plant components such as control valves.
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Filgueiras, Viviane, Enrique Luis Lima y José Carlos Pinto. "Long-term statistical stability of industrial plants: Performance indicators and monitoring of an industrial pet plant". Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 91, n.º 9 (18 de abril de 2013): 1523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.21819.

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Ahsan, Q., R. I. Grosvenor y P. W. Prickett. "Distributed On-Line System for Process Plant Monitoring". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 220, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2006): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544089jpme53.

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This paper describes a methodology for monitoring industrial processes and plant that can be implemented cost-effectively within small-to-medium enterprises. The methodology is based on a network of 8-bit microcontrollers that communicate with each other on a controller area network bus. Ethernet connectivity is provided so that remote users can access the system on the internet. The software models developed for data acquisition nodes and the design of remote user interfaces and supervisory nodes are also explained. The system is aimed at providing specific maintenance guidance and fault identification, rather than gathering data for off-line analysis. Overly complicated processing is avoided to make real-time implementation possible, using 8-bit microcontrollers. The methodology emphasizes the use of process controller signals for fault detection and sensor signals for fault isolation. The suitability of the methodology is explored by acquiring signals from a laboratory-based process rig. Suitable monitoring techniques for the system in time and frequency domains are also discussed.
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Farrell, D. M., B. J. Robbins, J. Stallings, S. Cardoso y W. Bakker. "Crack growth monitoring on industrial plant using established electrical resistance ‘scanner’ technology". Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 50, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2008): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2008.50.12.690.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Industrial plant monitoring"

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Eggberry, Ivan. "An investigation into a generally applicable plant performance index". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-082922008-100156/.

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Ferreira, Angélica Baganha. "Avaliação do risco humano a poluentes atmosféricos por meio de biomonitoramento passivo: um estudo de caso em São Mateus do Sul, Paraná". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5144/tde-25022010-152944/.

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Em países em desenvolvimento significantes fontes de poluição do ar podem ocorrer em áreas que não possuem uma qualificada estrutura de medição dos contaminantes. Neste contexto, a simplificação dos métodos de medição de partículas no ambiente, tais como impactador portátil e a acumulação de elementos traço em cascas de árvores podem fornecer informações na determinação da área de influência da fonte emissora de poluição. Neste estudo foram combinadas medidas de acumulação dos elementos traço em cascas de árvores e de partículas finas (diâmetro aerodinâmico inferior a 2,5 m) em filtros para avaliar os possíveis efeitos sobre a saúde da população das emissões de uma indústria de xisto operando em São Mateus do Sul, PR. As análises foram realizadas pela técnica de fluorescência de raios X por dispersão de energia (EDXRF) para determinação dos elementos Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, Si, V e Zn nas cascas de árvores e Fe, S e Si no material particulado PM2,5. Dados de saúde da população estudada foram coletados nos prontuários médicos dos pacientes no posto de saúde local. Mapas de distribuição das concentrações dos elementos foram obtidos. Estes mapas foram utilizados para identificar hot spots de poluição, para estimar a mobilidade dos elementos Fe, S e Si presentes no ar, bem como para correlacionar as concentrações destes elementos com dados da saúde da população local. O programa geoestatístico SURFER 8.0 (Golden software Surfer) e o modelo de atenuação foram utilizados nos tratamentos de dados e os softwares STATISTIC 8.0 e SPSS 13.0 utilizados nos testes estatísticos. Os resultados obtidos indicam significante associação entre morbidade respiratória e as emissões industriais. Estes resultados mostram que as emissões da indústria de xisto afetam a saúde dos habitantes da cidade de São Mateus do Sul. Isto também foi demonstrado nas medições das concentrações dos elementos no PM2,5 e na acumulação de elementos traço nas cascas de árvores. A análise fatorial e a análise descritiva, feitas a partir das concentrações determinadas nas cascas de árvores, considerando a direção dos ventos a partir da indústria de xisto sugerem que Fe, S e Si podem ser usados como marcadores da poluição desta indústria. A combinação da caracterização espacial da poluição e dados clínicos mostrou que os efeitos adversos foram significativos (p = 0, 042, ANOVA) para a população com mais de 38 anos. A partir dos resultados obtidos, também podemos concluir que a utilização de cascas de árvores como bioindicador é uma estratégia adequada em estudos sobre impacto ambiental em regiões sem rede convencional de monitoramento da poluição atmosférica
In developing countries significant sources of air pollution may go undetected in areas that do not have qualified structure to measure air contaminants. In this context, simplified methods of measuring ambient particles, such as portable impactors and trace elements accumulate in tree barks, may provide information to identify areas influenced by source emissions. In this study, simplified methods to measure trace elements in tree barks and in fine particles in filters to evaluate the possible health effects of the emissions of a shale oil plant operating in São Mateus do Sul (Paraná, Brazil) were used. These analyses were carried out by energy dispersive X ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) to determine concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, S, Si, V and Zn in tree bark and Fe, S and Si in particulate matter PM2.5. Health data of respiratory diseases of the studied population was obtained from the patient files from the local public health center. The resulting data were evaluated obtaining element concentration distribution maps. These maps were also used to identify hot spots, to estimate element mobility of Fe, S and Si present in the air, as well as, to correlate element concentrations found with health data of the local population. The SURFER geo-statistical software (Golden software Surfer) and the attenuation model of concentration were used to treat these results. For statistical tests, STATISTICÒ 8.0 software and SPSS 13.0 was used. Results obtained indicated significant associations between respiratory morbidity and industrial emissions. Thus the emissions from the shale oil industry affect the health of inhabitants of the city of São Mateus do Sul. This was also demonstrated by measurements of element concentrations in PM2.5 and the accumulation of trace elements in tree barks. Factor analysis and the descriptive analysis (ANOVA) of element concentrations in tree barks downwind of the shale plant suggest that Fe, S and Si may be used as tracers of shale industry pollution. The combination of spatial characterization of pollution and clinical data revealed that adverse effects were significant (p = 0.042, ANOVA) for the population older than 38 years. From the results obtained it was also concluded that the use of tree bark as a bioindicator is an adequate strategy in environmental impact studies in those areas with no conventional network of air pollution monitoring
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MONDINI, ALESSIO. "Plantoid: plant inspired robot for subsoil exploration and environmental monitoring". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/1137.

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La Biorobotica è un nuovo approccio nella realizzazione di robot che unisce diverse discipline come Robotica e Scienze Naturali. Il concetto di Biorobotica è stato identificato per molti anni come ispirazione dal mondo animale. In questa tesi, questo paradigma è stato esteso per la prima volta al mondo vegetale. Le piante sono un organismo affascinante con inaspettate capacità. Sono organismi dinamici e altamente sensibili, in grado di esplorare il terreno alla ricerca di nutrienti e di valutare con precisione la loro situazione per una gestione ottimale delle risorse. L'obiettivo di questa tesi è di contribuire alla realizzazione di un robot ispirato alle piante, un plantoide. Il robot plantoide comprende sistemi di radici e rami e deve essere in grado di monitorare l'ambiente sia in aria sia nel sottosuolo. Questi robot ispirati alle piante saranno utilizzati per applicazioni specifiche, come il monitoraggio in situ di parametri chimici, la ricerca di acqua in agricoltura, l'ancoraggio e per la comprensione scientifica delle capacità e comportamenti delle piante stesse mediante la costruzione di modelli fisici. In questa tesi sono stati affrontati diversi aspetti di questa innovativa piattaforma robotica: prima di tutto, lo studio delle piante, le caratteristiche e le tecnologie che consentono di progettare e sviluppare il sistema robotico. Il sistema proposto può essere facilmente suddiviso in due sezioni principali, la parte aerea e la parte radicale (che sta nel sottosuolo). Per la parte che si trova nel sottosuolo, l'attività è stata incentrata sulla realizzazione di un sistema meccatronico miniaturizzato che imita il comportamento dell’apice radicale della pianta. Le piante mostrano una peculiare direzione crescita in risposta a stimoli esterni, come la luce (phototropism), la gravità (gravitropism), il tatto (thigmotropism) o il gradiente di umidità (hydrotropism). I tropismsi spesso interagiscono tra loro, e la crescita finale della pianta è influenzata da tali interazioni. Al fine di imitare le potenti prestazioni del sistema radicale delle piante, un nuovo attuatore è stato proposto. Questo attuatore è basato sul principio osmotico (attuatore osmotico) e, diversamente dagli attuatori allo stato dell’arte basati sul principio osmotico, è stato progettato in modo da avere una reazione reversibile. Questo attuatore permette di eseguire l'allungamento e il direzionamento dell’ apice radicale, generando elevate forze con un basso consumo di energia (con movimenti nella scala temporale della pianta). Studi teorici su questo attuatore mostrano interessanti prestazioni in termini di pressione di attuazione (superiore a 20 atm), con potenza nell'ordine di alcuni mW e con tempi di attuazione nell’ordine delle ore. L’apice radicale robotico è stato progettato per essere dotato di sensori (gravità e umidità) per imitare le capacità di analisi delle piante, e con l’attuatore osmotico per guidare la crescita nella direzione corretta. Un microcontrollore integrato controlla il comportamento e il direzionamento sulla base delle informazioni provenienti dai sensori. Riguardo la parte aerea, l'attività in questa tesi è stata incentrata sulla realizzazione di una sorta di modulo di monitoraggio ambientale, al fine di imitare l'elevata capacità sensoristica delle piante. Questa parte è stata progettata e realizzata in un modo più tradizionale, senza tentare di imitare completamente il comportamento delle piante, ma prendendo ispirazione dalle caratteristiche fondamentali (recupero dell’energia, ampia capacità di monitoraggio e comunicazione). Al fine di integrare una vasta quantità di sensori, è stata sviluppata un’innovativa interfaccia che garantisce il condizionamento di sensori, con capacità plug-and-play e basso consumo energetico. Diversi aspetti del plantoid non sono ancora stati affrontati e saranno parte dei lavori futuri. In particolare, il meccanismo di crescita delle radici (alcune possibili soluzioni sono state proposte e spiegate in questa tesi) e l'integrazione di sensori chimici nell’apice radicale.
Biorobotics is a novel approach in the realization of robot that merges different disciplines as Robotic and Natural Science. The concept of biorobotics has been identified for many years as inspiration from the animal world. In this thesis this paradigm has been extended for the first time to the plant world. Plants are an amazing organism with unexpected capabilities. They are dynamic and highly sensitive organisms, actively and competitively foraging for limited resources both above and below ground, and they are also organisms which accurately compute their circumstances, use sophisticated cost–benefit analysis, and take defined actions to mitigate and control diverse environmental insults. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the realization of a robot inspired to plants, a plantoid. The plantoid robot includes root and shoot systems and should be able to explore and monitoring the environment both in the air and underground. These plant-inspired robots will be used for specific applications, such as in situ monitoring analysis and chemical detections, water searching in agriculture, anchoring capabilities and for scientific understanding of the plant capabilities/behaviours themselves by building a physical models. The scientific work performed in this thesis addressed different aspects of this innovative robotic platform development: first of all, the study of the plants‟ characteristics and the enabling technologies in order to design and to develop the overall plantoid system. The proposed system can be easily sub-divided in two major sections, the aerial part and the subsoil part. About the subsoil part, the activity focused on the realization of a miniaturized mechatronic system that imitates the behaviour of the plant radical apex. Plants show a peculiar directional growth in response to external stimulations, such as light (phototropism), gravity (gravitropism), touch (thigmotropism) or water/humidity gradient (hydrotropism). Tropisms frequently interact between and among each other, and the final grown form of the plant is influenced by such interactions. In order to imitate the powerful performances of the plant root system, a novel actuator has been proposed. This actuator is based on the osmotic principle (osmotic actuator) and, differently by the state-of-the-art actuators based on the osmotic principle, it has been designed in order to have a reversible reaction. This actuator permits to perform the elongation and the typical steering capabilities of the root apex, generating high forces with low power consumption (in the time scale of the plant). Theoretical studies on this actuator show interesting performances in terms of actuation pressure (more than 20 atm) with power in the order of some mW and with actuation in the hours scale time. The robotic root apex was designed to be equipped with sensors (gravity and moisture) to imitate the plants sensing characteristics, and with the novel osmotic actuator to drive the growth in the correct direction. An embedded microcontroller implements the basic root behaviour on the basis of the information coming from the sensors. About the aerial part the activity in this thesis was focused on the realization of a sort of environmental monitoring module in order to imitate the high sensing capabilities of the plants. This part has been designed and realized in a more traditional way, without attempt to imitate completely the plant behaviour but taking inspiration from the fundamental characteristics (energy scavenging, wide sensing capabilities and communication). In order to integrate a wide amount of sensors an innovative interface board that guarantees the conditioning of the sensor, with plug-and-play capabilities and low power consumption, was developed. Several aspects of the plantoid system are not faced yet and they will be part of the future works. In particular, the growing mechanism of the roots (some possible solutions are proposed and explained in this thesis) and the integration of chemical sensors in the root apex.
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Barbosa, Roa Nathalie Andrea. "A data-based approach for dynamic classification of functional scenarios oriented to industrial process plants". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30245/document.

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L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de développer un algorithme dynamique de partitionnement de données (classification non supervisée ou " clustering " en anglais) qui ne se limite pas à des concepts statiques et qui peut gérer des distributions qui évoluent au fil du temps. Cet algorithme peut être utilisé dans les systèmes de surveillance du processus, mais son application ne se limite pas à ceux-ci. Les contributions de cette thèse peuvent être présentées en trois groupes: 1. Contributions au partitionnement dynamique de données en utilisant : un algorithme de partitionnement dynamique basé à la fois sur la distance et la densité des échantillons est présenté. Cet algorithme ne fait aucune hypothèse sur la linéarité ni la convexité des groupes qu'il analyse. Ces clusters, qui peuvent avoir des densités différentes, peuvent également se chevaucher. L'algorithme développé fonctionne en ligne et fusionne les étapes d'apprentissage et de reconnaissance, ce qui permet de détecter et de caractériser de nouveaux comportements en continu tout en reconnaissant l'état courant du système. 2. Contributions à l'extraction de caractéristiques : une nouvelle approche permettant d'extraire des caractéristiques dynamiques est présentée. Cette approche, basée sur une approximation polynomiale par morceaux, permet de représenter des comportements dynamiques sans perdre les informations relatives à la magnitude et en réduisant simultanément la sensibilité de l'algorithme au bruit dans les signaux analysés. 3. Contributions à la modélisation de systèmes à événements discrets évolutifs a partir des résultats du clustering : les résultats de l'algorithme de partitionnement sont utilisés comme base pour l'élaboration d'un modèle à événements discrets du processus. Ce modèle adaptatif offre une représentation du comportement du processus de haut niveau sous la forme d'un automate dont les états représentent les états du processus appris par le partitionnement jusqu'à l'instant courant et les transitions expriment l'atteignabilité des états
The main objective of this thesis is to propose a dynamic clustering algorithm that can handle not only dynamic data but also evolving distributions. This algorithm is particularly fitted for the monitoring of processes generating massive data streams, but its application is not limited to this domain. The main contributions of this thesis are: 1. Contribution to dynamic clustering by the proposal of an approach that uses distance- and density-based analyses to cluster non-linear, non-convex, overlapped data distributions with varied densities. This algorithm, that works in an online fashion, fusions the learning and lassification stages allowing to continuously detect and characterize new concepts and at the same time classifying the input samples, i.e. which means recognizing the current state of the system in a supervision application. 2. Contribution to feature extraction by the proposal of a novel approach to extract dynamic features. This approach ,based on piece-polynomial approximation, allows to represent dynamic behaviors without losing magnitude related information and to reduce at the same time the algorithm sensitivity to noise corrupting the signals. 3. Contribution to automatic discrete event modeling for evolving systems by exploiting informations brought by the clustering. The generated model is presented as a timed automaton that provides a high-level representation of the behavior of the process. The latter is adaptive in the sense that its construction is elaborated following the discovery of new concepts by the clustering algorithm
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Fredes, Contreras Osvaldo Esteban. "Guidelines for pore water pressure monitoring programs design and integration to open pit mine plans". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/141032.

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Magíster en Minería. Ingeniero Civil de Minas
El diseño de taludes es una tarea crítica en proyectos de minería a cielo abierto. Generalmente, planificadores y diseñadores buscan operar en paredes tan empinadas como sea posible para optimizar la cantidad de mineral extraído y reducir el lastre. Sin embargo, esto conlleva una disminución en la estabilidad del talud. De este modo, se requiere una gestión adecuada del talud para permitir a los planificadores y operadores realizar su trabajo con seguridad. Una de las principales variables que debe ser manejada adecuadamente en minas a cielo abierto es la presión de poros que se genera detrás de los taludes ya que esta presión disminuye la resistencia al corte del suelo. Para controlar la influencia de la presión de poros se han desarrollado distintos tipos de instrumentos para monitorear presión de agua en minas y usar los datos obtenidos como input en la toma de decisiones. Entre los instrumentos desarrollados para monitorear presión de agua subterránea están los piezómetros, que se han convertido en tecnologías establecidas en proyectos civiles y mineros. Existen distintos tipos de piezómetros y entre ellos la tecnología más aceptada para realizar monitoreo de agua en minas es la de Vibrating Wire Piezometer (VWP). En esta tesis se desarrollaron lineamientos para seleccionar instrumentación basada en las características de una mina. Utilizando estos lineamientos se seleccionaros dos tecnologías para ser comparadas, los VWP y los Networked Smart Markers (NSM). Esta comparación involucra el desarrollo de un proyecto minero teórico que incluye empinar una pared potencialmente inestable de la mina como contexto para el uso de los instrumentos. Posteriormente, se desarrollaron lineamientos para integrar un programa de monitoreo al plan minero. Para comparar dichas tecnologías, se proponen dos programas de monitoreo equivalentes y se consideran los costos de los equipos para ser instalados en los años 3 y 13 del plan minero. Un análisis de pits anidados reveló que el VAN del proyecto aumenta a medida que la pared se empina, de este modo, el parámetro de control en la comparación es cuál programa es más barato al tomar en cuenta el ingreso extra y una tasa de descuento del 8% para calcular el VAN. Los resultados de esta comparación mostraron que el uso de VWP es más barato que el uso de NSM (600,015.5[US$] versus 766,142.5[US$]). Sin embargo, esta diferencia en costo es pequeña considerando la escala del proyecto (0.39% de la inversión), además empinar la pared generó 42,420,000[US$] extra al VAN original del proyecto, lo que hace que ambas alternativas sean factibles para llevar a cabo el monitoreo propuesto. Los NSM sin embargo poseen una ventaja para realizar mediciones multipunto ya que permiten un mayor número de puntos de muestreo en un mismo pozo.
Slope design is one of the most critical tasks in open pit mine projects. Generally, mine planners and slope designers aim to operate on walls as steep as possible to optimize the amount of ore retrieved from the mine while reducing the extracted waste. However, this approach also involves a reduction in overall slope stability. Consequently, a proper management of slope stability is required to assist mine planners and operators to perform their work safely. One of the main variables that need to be properly managed in open pit mines is the pore water pressure generated behind the slopes, as this pressure decreases the ground s shear strength. To manage the influence of pore water pressure, several geotechnical instruments have been developed over the years to monitor pore water pressure and to use the data to make proper decisions. Piezometers are devices developed to monitor groundwater pressure that have become established technologies to measure pore water pressure in civil and mining projects. There are different types of piezometers with varying characteristics. The most accepted sensing technology for pore pressure monitoring in mines is the Vibrating Wire Piezometers (VWP). This thesis developed guidelines for the selection of instrumentation given the characteristics of a mine site. Using those guidelines, Vibrating Wire Piezometers and the emergent technology of Networked Smart Markers (NSM) were selected to be compared. For this comparison, a theoretical mine project, that included the steepening of a potentially unstable wall, was developed as context for instrumentation use. Subsequently, guidelines for the integration of a pore water pressure monitoring program into the mine plan were developed. To compare the selected technologies, two equivalent monitoring programs were proposed considering the current installation costs of the devices and installations in years 3 and 13 of the mine life. A nested pit analysis revealed that the NPV of the project increases when the wall gets steeper, therefore, the parameter of interest is which program is less expensive compared to the extra income, considering a discount rate of 8% to calculate the NPV of the project. The results of this comparison showed that the use of Vibrating Wire Piezometers was less expensive than the NSMs (600,015.5[US$] against 766,142.5[US$]). However, this difference in cost is small in terms of the scale of this project (0.39% of the investment) and the steepening of the wall generated 42,420,000[US$] extra to the NPV of the original project, thus, making both alternatives feasible to perform the proposed monitoring. NSMs are, however, more suitable to perform multi-point readings as they allow a higher number of measurement points in a single borehole.
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Botelho, Viviane Rodrigues. "Auditoria e diagnóstico de modelos para controladores preditivos industriais". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/133143.

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A crescente demanda pela melhoria operacional dos processos aliada ao desenvolvimento da tecnologia da informação tornam a utilização de controladores preditivos baseados em modelos (MPC) uma prática comum na indústria. Estes controladores estimam, a partir dos dados de planta e de um modelo do processo, uma sequência de ações de controle que levam as variáveis ao valor desejado de forma otimizada. Dessa forma, dentre os parâmetros de configuração de um MPC, a baixa qualidade do modelo é, indiscutivelmente, a mais importante fonte de degradação de seu desempenho. Este trabalho propõe uma série de metodologias para a avaliação da qualidade do modelo do controlador preditivo, as quais consideram sua velocidade em malha fechada. Tais metodologias são baseadas na filtragem dos erros de simulação a partir função nominal de sensibilidade, e possuem a capacidade de informar o impacto dos problemas de modelagem no desempenho do sistema, além de localizar as variáveis controladas que estão com tais problemas e se os mesmos são provenientes de uma discrepância no modelo ou de um distúrbio não medido. As técnicas ainda possuem a vantagem de serem independentes do setpoint, o que as torna flexível de também serem utilizadas em controladores nos quais as variáveis são controladas por faixas. A abordagem proposta foi testada em dois estudos de caso simulados, sendo eles: a Fracionadora de Óleo Pesado da Shell e a Planta de Quatro tanques Cilíndricos. As técnicas também foram avaliadas em dados de processo da Unidade de Coqueamento Retardado de uma refinaria. Os resultados indicam que as mesmas apresentam resultados coerentes, corroborando seu elevado potencial de aplicação industrial.
The growing demand for operational improvement and the development of information technology make the use of model predictive controllers (MPCs) a common practice in industry. This kind of controller uses past plant data and a process model to estimate a sequence of control actions to lead the variables to a desired value following an optimal policy. Thus, the model quality is the most important source of MPC performance degradation. This work proposes a series of methods to investigate the controller model quality taking into account its closed loop performance. The methods are based on filtering the simulation errors using the nominal sensitivity function. They are capable detect the impact of modeling problems in the controller performance, and also to locate the controlled variables that have such problems and if it is caused by a model-plant mismatch or unmeasured disturbance. The techniques have the advantage to be setpoint independent, making them flexible to be also used in MPCs with controlled variables working by range. The proposed approach was tested in two simulated case studies The Shell Heavy Oil Fractionator Process and The Quadruple-tanks Process. The methods are also evaluated in process data of the Delayed Coking Unit of a Brazilian refinery. Results indicate that the method is technically coherent and has high potential of industrial application.
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Khenaifes, Maurício. "Investigação de novas ferramentas estatísticas e utilização de microcontrolador no monitoramento da queima na retificação plana tangencial /". Bauru : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90807.

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Resumo: Na indústria moderna, a precisão e o custo são fundamentais para a qualidade do produto e competitividade no mercado. Desenvolver sistemas mais velozes, dinâmicos e autoajustáveis aplicando técnicas de controle é um objetivo dos pesquisadores de todas as áreas da engenharia. A retificação de materiais é um sistema complexo que possui muitas variáveis relacionadas, principalmente por possuir múltiplas arestas de corte associado a altas velocidades e potências de retificação. Para aumentar o domínio sobre o processo, sinais de emissão acústica e de potência de acionamento do rebolo têm sido monitorados em várias pesquisas. Nesse trabalho foram realizadas experiências utilizando a retificação plana tangencial com o aço ABNT 1020 e rebolo de óxido de alumínio, onde foi determinado a ocorrência e o início da queima através da variação da profundidade de corte, tendo-se o cuidado de manter os outros parâmetros constantes, inclusive a superfície de corte do rebolo através da operação de dressagem. Os sinais de emissão acústica e de potência elétrica foram adquiridos durante uma passada do rebolo sobre a peça, numa taxa de 2.5 milhões de amostras por segundo, e pro cessados através de um ferramental matemático, onde foram propostos outros parâmetros, para a análise da ocorrência da queima. Observou-se também a detecção do início da queima, onde o parâmetro proposto VARPO obteve bons resultados. Paralelamente foi realizado um estudo sobre os microcontroladores, onde foram inseridos os cálculos de detecção da queima do processo de retificação num PIC18F452, mostrando a viabilidade de um monitoramento.
Abstract: In modern industry, the accuracy and cost are extremely important to the quality of product and market competition. The development of faster dynamic and robust systems by applying control techniques is the goal of researchers of all engineering areas. The grinding process is a complex system which contains many related variables mainly because its multiple cutting edges associated with high speed and power. In order to improve the knowledge on the process, acoustic emission and power signals have been monitored in several research investigations. In this work, surface grinding tests with ABNT 1020 steel and aluminum oxide grinding wheel were carried out in which the burning occurrence as well as the onset of it were studied. This was done by varying the depth of cut and maintaining the other grinding parameters constant, including the grinding wheel surface through the dressing operation. Acoustic emission and electrical power signals were acquired during a single grinding pass of the grinding wheel over the work-piece at 2.5 million of samples per second rate. The signals were digitally processed through many statistic algorithms among which new parameters for burn detection have been proposed. Also, the onset of burning occurrence was observed and remarkably detected for the proposed parameter dubbed VARPO. In addition, a study on microcontrollers was performed, and the implementation of the algorithms previously mentioned were carried out into the microcontroller PIC18F452, showing the monitoring feasibility.
Orientador: Paulo Roberto de Aguiar
Coorientador: Eduardo Carlos Bianchi
Banca: Paulo José Amaral Serni
Banca: Leonardo Roberto da Silva
Mestre
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Khenaifes, Maurício [UNESP]. "Investigação de novas ferramentas estatísticas e utilização de microcontrolador no monitoramento da queima na retificação plana tangencial". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90807.

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Na indústria moderna, a precisão e o custo são fundamentais para a qualidade do produto e competitividade no mercado. Desenvolver sistemas mais velozes, dinâmicos e autoajustáveis aplicando técnicas de controle é um objetivo dos pesquisadores de todas as áreas da engenharia. A retificação de materiais é um sistema complexo que possui muitas variáveis relacionadas, principalmente por possuir múltiplas arestas de corte associado a altas velocidades e potências de retificação. Para aumentar o domínio sobre o processo, sinais de emissão acústica e de potência de acionamento do rebolo têm sido monitorados em várias pesquisas. Nesse trabalho foram realizadas experiências utilizando a retificação plana tangencial com o aço ABNT 1020 e rebolo de óxido de alumínio, onde foi determinado a ocorrência e o início da queima através da variação da profundidade de corte, tendo-se o cuidado de manter os outros parâmetros constantes, inclusive a superfície de corte do rebolo através da operação de dressagem. Os sinais de emissão acústica e de potência elétrica foram adquiridos durante uma passada do rebolo sobre a peça, numa taxa de 2.5 milhões de amostras por segundo, e pro cessados através de um ferramental matemático, onde foram propostos outros parâmetros, para a análise da ocorrência da queima. Observou-se também a detecção do início da queima, onde o parâmetro proposto VARPO obteve bons resultados. Paralelamente foi realizado um estudo sobre os microcontroladores, onde foram inseridos os cálculos de detecção da queima do processo de retificação num PIC18F452, mostrando a viabilidade de um monitoramento.
In modern industry, the accuracy and cost are extremely important to the quality of product and market competition. The development of faster dynamic and robust systems by applying control techniques is the goal of researchers of all engineering areas. The grinding process is a complex system which contains many related variables mainly because its multiple cutting edges associated with high speed and power. In order to improve the knowledge on the process, acoustic emission and power signals have been monitored in several research investigations. In this work, surface grinding tests with ABNT 1020 steel and aluminum oxide grinding wheel were carried out in which the burning occurrence as well as the onset of it were studied. This was done by varying the depth of cut and maintaining the other grinding parameters constant, including the grinding wheel surface through the dressing operation. Acoustic emission and electrical power signals were acquired during a single grinding pass of the grinding wheel over the work-piece at 2.5 million of samples per second rate. The signals were digitally processed through many statistic algorithms among which new parameters for burn detection have been proposed. Also, the onset of burning occurrence was observed and remarkably detected for the proposed parameter dubbed VARPO. In addition, a study on microcontrollers was performed, and the implementation of the algorithms previously mentioned were carried out into the microcontroller PIC18F452, showing the monitoring feasibility.
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Zurita, Millán Daniel. "Contributions to industrial process condition forecasting applied to copper rod manufacturing process". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461087.

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Ensuring reliability and robustness of operation is one of the main concerns in industrial anufacturing processes , dueto the ever-increasing demand for improvements over the cost and quality ofthe processes outcome. In this regard , a deviation from the nominal operating behaviours implies a divergence from the optimal condition specification, anda misalignment from the nominal product quality, causing a critica! loss of potential earnings . lndeed, since a decade ago, the industrial sector has been carried out a significant effort
Asegurar la fiabilidad y la robustez es uno de los principales objetivos en la monitorización de los procesos industriales, ya que estos cada vez se encuentran sometidos a demandas de producción más elevadas a la vez que se deben bajar costes de fabricación manteniendo la calidad del producto final. En este sentido, una desviación de la operación del proceso implica una divergencia de los parámetros óptimos preestablecidos, lo que conlleva a una desviación respecto la calidad nominal del producto final, causando así un rechazo de dicho producto y una perdida en costes para la empresa. De hecho, tanto es así, que desde hace más de una década el sector industrial ha dedicado un esfuerzo considerable a la implantación de metodologías de monitorización inteligente. Dichos métodos son capaces extraer información respecto a la condición de las diferentes maquinarias y procesos involucrados en el proceso de fabricación. No obstante, esta información extraída corresponde al estado actual del proceso. Por lo que obtener información respecto a la condición futura de dicho proceso representa una mejora significativa para poder ganar tiempo de respuesta para la detección y corrección de desviaciones en la operación de dicho proceso. Por lo tanto, la combinación del conocimiento futuro del comportamiento del proceso con la consecuente evaluación de la condición del mismo, es un objetivo a cumplir para la definición de las nuevas generaciones de sistemas de monitorización de procesos industriales. En este sentido, la presente tesis tiene como objetivo la propuesta de metodologías para evaluar la condición, actual y futura, de procesos industriales. Dicha metodología debe estimar la condición de forma fiable y con una alta resolución. Por lo tanto, en esta tesis se pretende extraer la información de la condición futura a partir de un modelado, basado en series temporales, de las señales críticas del proceso, para después, en base a enfoques no lineales de preservación de la topología, fusionar dichas señales proyectadas a futuro para conocer la condición. El rendimiento y la bondad de las metodologías propuestas en la tesis han sido validadas mediante su aplicación en un proceso industrial real, concretamente, con datos de una planta de fabricación de alambrón de cobre.
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RODRIGUES, JUNIOR ARY de A. "Câmara de ionização aplicada a medidas de altas taxas de dose". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11352.

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Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Libros sobre el tema "Industrial plant monitoring"

1

S, Bennedsen B. y Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Monitoring food safety, agriculture, and plant health: 29-30 October 2003, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE, 2004.

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Branch, Ontario Waste Management. Guidelines for the decommissioning and cleanup of sites in Ontario: Report. Toronto: Environment Ontario, 1992.

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Moran, GC y P. Labine, eds. Corrosion Monitoring in Industrial Plants Using Nondestructive Testing and Electrochemical Methods. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp908-eb.

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United, States Congress House Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Commerce Transportation and Tourism. Superfund, right-to-know and hazardous wastesite cleanup: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation, and Tourism of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, on Superfund provisions : community right-to-know and cleanup of abandoned hazardous wastesites located at federal facilities, December 20, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation, and Tourism. Superfund, right-to-know and hazardous wastesite cleanup: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation, and Tourism of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, on Superfund provisions : community right-to-know and cleanup of abandoned hazardous wastesites located at federal facilities, December 20, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation, and Tourism. Superfund, right-to-know and hazardous wastesite cleanup: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation, and Tourism of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, on Superfund provisions : community right-to-know and cleanup of abandoned hazardous wastesites located at federal facilities, December 20, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation, and Tourism. Superfund, right-to-know and hazardous wastesite cleanup: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation, and Tourism of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, on Superfund provisions : community right-to-know and cleanup of abandoned hazardous wastesites located at federal facilities, December 20, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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C, Moran George, Labine Paul, American Society for Testing and Materials. Committee E-7 on Nondestructive Testing. y American Society for Testing and Materials. Committee G-1 on Corrosion of Metals., eds. Corrosion monitoring in industrial plants using nondestructive testing and electrochemical methods: A symposium. Philadelphia, PA: ASTM, 1986.

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Ranney, David C. Manual for monitoring local manufacturing employment, plant closings & major layoffs. Chicago]: University of Illinois at Chicago, Center for Urban Economic Development, 1994.

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Binns, M. R. Sampling and monitoring in crop protection: The theoretical basis for developing practical decision guides. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CABI Pub., 2000.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Industrial plant monitoring"

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Ge, Zhiqiang y Zhihuan Song. "Plant-Wide Process Monitoring: Multiblock Method". En Advances in Industrial Control, 169–82. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4513-4_12.

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Pascolo, C. y P. Pascolo. "Selection Criteria for Georeferencing Databases in Industrial Plant Monitoring Applications". En Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technology, 453–61. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2678-3_54.

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Noda, Masaru. "Performance Monitoring of Industrial Plant Alarm Systems by Statistical Analysis of Plant Operation Data". En Human Interface and the Management of Information. Information and Interaction for Health, Safety, Mobility and Complex Environments, 131–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39215-3_16.

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Raith, Chiara, Manuel Woschank y Helmut Zsifkovits. "Automated Performance Measurement in Internal Logistics Systems". En Implementing Industry 4.0 in SMEs, 211–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70516-9_7.

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AbstractIn addition to economic and on-time order fulfillment, the monitoring of the plant performance and its related key performance indicators is a central task of logistics management and control systems. Currently, the determination and calculation of performance figures within the framework of site acceptance tests of automated logistics systems are plant-specific and, therefore, require a lot of manual effort. In this chapter, the authors develop a concept for the automated determination of performance indicators for storage and conveying systems. Based on a comprehensive literature review, structured expert interviews and including various perspectives from industrial applications the approach is designed. Further, the impact of the proposed concept on the logistics performance of the plant and the adequate selection of a maintenance strategy is discussed.
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Hu, Hong, Li Zhang, Kebing Liao y Cannan Yi. "The Monitoring Path Forecasting Method in Digital Main Control Room of Nuclear Power Plant and its Verification". En Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management 2014, 365–69. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-102-4_75.

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Golwalkar, Kiran R. "Monitoring the Process Plant". En Integrated Maintenance and Energy Management in the Chemical Industries, 77–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32526-8_4.

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Sudarshan, Anant. "Monitoring Industrial Pollution in India". En Introduction to Development Engineering, 161–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86065-3_7.

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AbstractMany developing countries are attempting to prevent a rapid deterioration of air quality while still encouraging economic growth. In settings where state capacity is severely limited, enhancing the effectiveness of regulators is critical to success. Previous work has documented how Indian environmental regulators are constrained by having poor information on the pollution emitted by manufacturing plants, due to high monitoring costs, corruption, or staff constraints. This case study discusses a pilot project in the Indian state of Gujarat, designed to evaluate the benefits of Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) – technology used to remotely monitor pollution emitted by industrial plants in real time. We show how the institutional context in which CEMS was deployed, which included an inflexible legal and regulatory framework and collusion between industry and labs to falsify data, cannot be divorced from an assessment of the performance of the technology solution. The eventual benefits of CEMS in the status quo regulatory framework proved limited. Nevertheless, the technology also provided an opportunity to change the rules of the game, allowing Gujarat to experiment with India’s first emissions trading scheme.
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Carrera-Monterde, Ana, Valentin Gomez-Jauregui, Cristina Manchado y César Otero. "Monitoring Industrial Plants from BIM Models with Extended Reality". En Advances in Design Engineering II, 11–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92426-3_2.

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Bhattacharjee, Kaushik. "Application of Energy Monitoring and Targeting for Industrial Plants". En Industrial Energy Management Strategies: Creating a Culture of Continuous Improvement, 229–74. Lilburn, GA : Fairmont Press, Inc., [2017]: River Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003150961-9.

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Dagnino, Aldo. "Condition Monitoring of Rotating Machines in Power Generation Plants". En Data Analytics in the Era of the Industrial Internet of Things, 81–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63139-0_5.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Industrial plant monitoring"

1

Ling, Peter P., Terence P. Russell y Gene A. Giacomelli. "Plant health monitoring with machine vision". En Photonics for Industrial Applications, editado por George E. Meyer y James A. DeShazer. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.198879.

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Ramanathan, Ramakrishnan y Jahanzaib Imtiaz. "NFC in industrial applications for monitoring plant information". En 2013 Fourth International Conference on Computing, Communications and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt.2013.6726716.

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Rizk, Hashem y Maki K. Habib. "Robotized Early Plant Health Monitoring System". En IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2018.8592833.

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Kirk, McNab y Hayward. "Monolithic arrays for monitoring industrial plant at high temperatures". En Proceedings of IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium ULTSYM-94. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ultsym.1994.401786.

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Voicu, Vladimir, Dorin Petreus, Emil Cebuc y Radu Etz. "Industrial IoT (IIOT) Architecture for Remote Solar Plant Monitoring". En 2022 21st RoEduNet Conference: Networking in Education and Research (RoEduNet). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/roedunet57163.2022.9921045.

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Elmaleeh, Mohammed A. A., N. Saad y M. Awan. "Condition monitoring of industrial process plant using acoustic emission techniques". En Advanced Systems (ICIAS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icias.2010.5716110.

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Harrou, Fouzi, Abdelkader Dairi, Ying Sun y Mohamed Senouci. "Wastewater treatment plant monitoring via a deep learning approach". En 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2018.8352410.

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Catelani, Marcantonio, Lorenzo Ciani, Giulia Guidi y Gabriele Patrizi. "Reliability Analysis of diagnostic system for Condition Monitoring of industrial plant". En 2021 IEEE 6th International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtsi50628.2021.9597290.

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Koloane, S. D., M. G. Kanakana-Katumba y R. W. Maladzhi. "DUST AND ASH PLANT HEALTH MONITORING DATA THAT IS NOT EFFECTIVELY UTILISED TO INCREASE PLANT UPTIME". En 33rd Annual Southern African Institute of Industrial Engineering Conference. Waterkloof, Pretoria, South Africa: South African Institute for Industrial Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/066390-0006.

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Denton, Michael. "Benefits and Techniques for Machine Condition Monitoring in Industrial Environments". En ASME 2010 Citrus Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cec2010-5605.

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Condition monitoring of plant machinery is becoming more common place. With new advanced signal processing algorithms and better machine life models proactive maintenance of citrus processing machinery allows avoiding unplanned downtime and catastrophic failure. It also avoids relying only on predictions and assuming the machine will break. This paper will discuss the main steps that are necessary in developing a plant machinery maintenance system and make a business case for implementing machine monitoring on a wide range of plant equipment. Paper published with permission.
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Informes sobre el tema "Industrial plant monitoring"

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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson y Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.

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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report
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Haeckel, Matthias y Peter Linke. RV SONNE Fahrtbericht/Cruise Report SO268 - Assessing the Impacts of Nodule Mining on the Deep-sea Environment: NoduleMonitoring, Manzanillo (Mexico) – Vancouver (Canada), 17.02. – 27.05.2019. GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, noviembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/geomar_rep_ns_59_20.

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Cruise SO268 is fully integrated into the second phase of the European collaborative JPI-Oceans project MiningImpact and is designed to assess the environmental impacts of deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ). In particular, the cruise aimed at conducting an independent scientific monitoring of the first industrial test of a pre-protoype nodule collector by the Belgian company DEME-GSR. The work includes collecting the required baseline data in the designated trial and reference sites in the Belgian and German contract areas, a quantification of the spatial and temporal spread of the produced sediment plume during the trials as well as a first assessment of the generated environmental impacts. However, during SO268 Leg 1 DEME-GSR informed us that the collector trials would not take place as scheduled due to unresolvable technical problems. Thus, we adjusted our work plan accordingly by implementing our backup plan. This involved conducting a small-scale sediment plume experiment with a small chain dredge to quantify the spatial and temporal dispersal of the suspended sediment particles, their concentration in the plume as well as the spatial footprint and thickness of the deposited sediment blanket on the seabed.
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Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Kaidi Kaaret, Eileen Torres Morales, Evelin Piirsalu y Katarina Axelsson. Accelerating green public procurement for decarbonization of the construction and road transport sectors in the EU. Stockholm Environment Institute, febrero de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.007.

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Public procurement of goods and services contributes to about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In the EU, public purchasing represents 15% of its GDP, acting as a major influencer on the market through the products and services acquired by governments from the local to national levels. The public sector has a role to play in leveraging this purchasing power to achieve the best societal value for money, particularly as we scramble to bend the curve of our planet’s warming. Globally, the construction and transport sectors each represent about 12% of government procurements’ GHG emissions. Furthermore, these sectors’ decarbonization efforts demand profound and disruptive technological shifts. Hence, prioritizing these sectors can make the greatest impact towards reducing the environmental footprint of the public sector and support faster decarbonization of key emitting industries. Meanwhile, the EU committed to achieving 55% reduction in GHG emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. Drastic emissions reductions are needed at an unprecedented speed and scale to achieve this goal. Green Public Procurement (GPP) is the practice of purchasing goods and services using environmental requirements, with the aim of cutting carbon emissions and mitigating environmental harm throughout the life cycle of the product or service. While the EU and many of its Member States alike have recognized GPP as an important tool to meet climate goals, the formalization of GPP requirements at the EU level or among local and national governments has been fragmented. We call for harmonization to achieve the consistency, scale and focus required to make GPP practices a powerful decarbonization tool. We surveyed the landscape of GPP in the EU, with a focus on construction and road transport. Through interviews and policy research, we compiled case studies of eight Member States with different profiles: Sweden, the Netherlands, France, Germany, Estonia, Poland, Spain and Italy. We used this information to identify solutions and best practices, and to set forth recommendations on how the EU and its countries can harmonize and strengthen their GPP policies on the path toward cutting their contributions to climate change. What we found was a scattered approach to GPP across the board, with few binding requirements, little oversight and scant connective tissue from national to local practices or across different Member States, making it difficult to evaluate progress or compare practices. Interviewees, including policy makers, procurement experts and procurement officers from the featured Member States, highlighted the lack of time or resources to adopt progressive GPP practices, with no real incentive to pursue it. Furthermore, we found a need for more awareness and clear guidance on how to leverage GPP for impactful societal outcomes. Doing so requires better harmonized processes, data, and ways to track the impact and progress achieved. That is not to say it is entirely neglected. Most Member States studied highlight GPP in various national plans and have set targets accordingly. Countries, regions, and cities such as the Netherlands, Catalonia and Berlin serve as beacons of GPP with robust goals and higher ambition. They lead the way in showing how GPP can help mitigate climate change. For example, the Netherlands is one of the few countries that monitors the effects of GPP, and showed that public procurement for eight product groups in 2015 and 2016 led to at least 4.9 metric tons of avoided GHG emissions. Similarly, a monitoring report from 2017 showed that the State of Berlin managed to cut its GHG emissions by 47% through GPP in 15 product groups. Spain’s Catalonia region set a goal of 50% of procurements using GPP by 2025, an all-electric in public vehicle fleet and 100% renewable energy powering public buildings by 2030. Drawing from these findings, we developed recommendations on how to bolster GPP and scale it to its full potential. In governance, policies, monitoring, implementation and uptake, some common themes exist. The need for: • Better-coordinated policies • Common metrics for measuring progress and evaluating tenders • Increased resources such as time, funding and support mechanisms • Greater collaboration and knowledge exchange among procurers and businesses • Clearer incentives, binding requirements and enforcement mechanisms, covering operational and embedded emissions With a concerted and unified movement toward GPP, the EU and its Member States can send strong market signals to the companies that depend on them for business, accelerating the decarbonization process that our planet requires.
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