Tesis sobre el tema "Indicateurs de sécurité"
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Tillier, Charles. "Processus et indicateurs de risque en assurance non-vie et sécurité alimentaire". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100192.
Texto completoRisk analyses play a leading role within fields such as dietary risk, hydrology, nuclear security, finance and insurance and is more and more present in theapplications of various probability tools and statistical methods. We see a significant impact on the scientific literature and on public institutions in the past years. Risk theory, which is really close to extreme value analysis, typically deals with the occurrences of rare events which are functions of heavy-tailed random variables, for example, sums or products of regularly varying random variables. The purpose of this thesis is the following : to develop revelant risk indicators and to study the extremal properties of stochastic processes used in dietary risk assessment and in insurance. In Chapter 1, we present the main tools used in risk theory and the notion of regular variation and introduce different models involved in dietary risk assessment, which will be specifically studied in Chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 2 presents a joint work with Olivier Wintenberger. For a particular class of stochastic processes, under the assumption of regular variation, we propose a method that gives way to asymptotic equivalents on a finite-time horizon of risk indicators such as the ruin probability, the Expected Time over a Threshold or the Expected Severity of the ruin. Chapter 3 focuses on dietary risk models. To be precise, we study the extremal properties of an extension of a model called KDEM for Kinetic Dietary Exposure Model introduced by Patrice Bertail and his co-authors in 2008. Under the assumption of regular variation, we provide asymptotic equivalents for the tail behavior and the extremal index of the exposure process. In Chapter 4, we review different statistical tools specifically tailored for the study of the extremal behavior of Markov processes. Thanks to regeneration properties, we can split the path of observations into blocks which are independent and identically distributed. This technic still works even if the Markov chain is not atomic. We focus here on the estimation of the tail index and the extremal index. We illustrate the performance of these technics applying them on two models in insurance and finance for which we know the theoritical results
Juglaret, Frédéric. "Indicateurs et tableaux de bord pour la prévention des risques en santé-sécurité au travail". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00819109.
Texto completoHadji, Ramzi. "La quantification du progrès social : application aux pays européens et approfondissement sur le cas de l'Algérie". Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_hadji.pdf.
Texto completoSince the state developed the desire to display their economic and social performance, GDP has become the universal indicator that is able to compare the effort of the States. This supremacy of GDP is now increasingly challenged. Several studies have shown the limitations of GDP to reflect the economic and social situation of nations. A lot of indicators have been developed to fill the gaps of GDP, but none of these indicators has emerged as an alternative indicator to GDP. The multidimensional nature of welfare, wealth, or even the development makes the attempt to correctly identify these concepts by a single indicator extremely complex or impossible. This thesis is part of the development of social indicators. It studies the economic security in 27 European countries and in Algeria. Levels of economic security reflect the country's ability to provide income to individuals allowing them to afford the most basic needs. Public intervention including a system of social protection for all categories of the population appears to be the best way to ensure this role. This is confirmed by our estimates of the levels of economic security in Europe. Countries like the Netherlands or Sweden, with respective rates of economic security in 2005 by 89% and 82% are much better positioned than countries like Italy or Spain with respective rates of 54% and 55%. France comes in the middle with a rate of 65%. This divergence of economic security in Europe is confirmed by our estimates of levels of decommodification rate which corresponds to the degree to which individuals or families, can maintain a socially acceptable standard of living outside a market participation (Esping-Andersen, 1999). This thesis is also interested in economic security in Algeria. The estimated levels of economic security in Algeria, by area and by professional category, showed alarming levels of it. The study of the structure of economic security has allowed us to show the insignificance of guaranteed income (income decommodified). Economic security in Algeria is based on a strong balance of income from business activity. The last chapter demonstrate the negative role of income issued from informal activity
Januel, Jean-Marie. "Les données de routine des séjours d'hospitalisation pour évaluer la sécurité des patients : études de la qualité des données et perspectives de validation d'indicateurs de la sécurité des patients". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00690802.
Texto completoJanuel, Jean-Marie. "Les données de routine des séjours d’hospitalisation pour évaluer la sécurité des patients : études de la qualité des données et perspectives de validation d’indicateurs de la sécurité des patients". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10355/document.
Texto completoAssessing safety among hospitalized patients is a major issue for health services. The development of indicators to measure adverse events related to health care (HAE) is a crucial step, for which the main challenge lies on the performance of the data used for this approach. Based on the limitations of the measurement in terms of reproducibility and on the high cost of studies conducted using medical records audit, the development of Patient Safety Indicators (PSI) by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) in the United States, using codes from the clinically modified 9th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) shows interesting prospects. Our work addressed five key issues related to the development of these indicators: nosological definition; feasibility and validity of codes based algorithms; quality of medical diagnoses coding using ICD codes, comparability across countries; and possibility of establishing a benchmark to compare these indicators. Some questions remain, and we suggest several research pathways regarding possible improvements of PSI based on a better definition of PSI algorithms and the use of other data sources to validate PSI (i.e., registry data). Thus, the use of adjustment models including the Charlson index, the average number of diagnoses coded and a variable of the positive predictive value should be considered to control the case-mix variations and differences of quality of coding for comparisons between hospitals or countries
Prosperi, Paolo. "Mesures de la sécurité alimentaire et de l'alimentation durable en Méditerranée, basées sur les approches de la vulnérabilité et de la résilience". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2015. http://www.supagro.fr/theses/extranet/15-0003_Prosperi.pdf.
Texto completoRecurrent food crises and global change, along with habitat loss and micronutrient deficiencies, placed food security and environmental sustainability at the top of the political agenda. Analyses of the dynamic interlinkages between food consumption patterns and environmental concerns recently received considerable attention from the international community. Socioeconomic and biophysical changes affect the food system functions including food and nutrition security. The sustainability of food system is at risk. Building sustainable food systems has become a key effort to redirect our food systems and policies towards better-adjusted goals and improved societal welfare. Food systems involve multiple interactions between human and natural components. The systemic nature of these interactions calls for systems approaches and integrated assessment tools. Identifying and modeling the intrinsic properties of the food system can help tracking progress towards sustainability and setting policies towards positive transformations.The general objective of this thesis is to analyze and explore the sustainability of the food system through identifying a set of metrics at the Mediterranean region level. The specific aims consist of developing a multidimensional framework to evaluate the sustainability of food systems and diets, identifying the main variables to formalize and operationalize the abstract and multidimensional concept of sustainable food systems, and defining metrics for assessing the sustainability of food systems and diets, at a subregional level.Through a broad understanding of sustainability, the methodological approach of this thesis builds on the theories of vulnerability and resilience. Following the steps of the global change vulnerability assessment a causal factor analysis is presented concerning three Mediterranean countries, namely Spain, France and Italy. Formulating "what is vulnerable to what" hypotheses, we identified eight causal models of vulnerability. A three-round Delphi survey was then applied to select indicators on the basis of the vulnerability/resilience theoretical framework.A conceptual hierarchical framework was identified for modeling the complex relationships between food and nutrition security and sustainability for developing potential indicators of sustainable diets and food systems. A feedback-structured framework of the food system formalized eight selected causal models of vulnerability and resilience and identified intrinsic properties of the food system, shaping the interactions where a set of drivers of change (Water depletion; Biodiversity loss; Food price volatility; Changes in food consumption patterns) directly affect food and nutrition security outcomes at a subregional level (Nutritional quality of food supply; Affordability of food; Dietary energy balance; Satisfaction of cultural food preferences). Each interaction was disentangled in exposure, sensitivity and resilience. This theoretical framework was operationalized through the identification of a set of 136 indicators. The Delphi study revealed low, medium, and high consensus and majority level on indicators in 75% of the interactions out of the 24 initial ones. The results obtained in terms of global response, expert participation rates, and consensus on indicators were then satisfactory. Also, expert confirmed with positive feedback the appraisal of the components of the framework.This theoretical modeling exercise and the Delphi survey allowed the identification of a first suite of indicators, moving beyond single and subjective evaluation, and reaching consensus on metrics of sustainable diets and food systems for supporting decision-making. The operationalization of the theories of vulnerability and resilience, through an indicator-based approach, can contribute to further analyses on the socioeconomic and biophysical aspects and interlinkages concerning the sustainability of diets and food systems
Hartard, Cédric. "Les bactériophages ARN F-spécifiques comme indicateurs du danger viral lié à la pollution fécale des matrices hydriques et alimentaires". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0152/document.
Texto completoEnteric viruses are a leading cause of fecal-oral route transmitted diseases and currently, conventional fecal indicator bacteria (i.e. Escherichia coli, enterococcus) fail to assess this kind of hazard. In this context, the use of more efficient indicators to assess the hazard linked to viruses in water or foodstuff is required. F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPH) present numerous benefits for this purpose. Of enteric origin, these viruses are found in high concentrations in wastewater. Sharing many structural similarities with pathogenic enteric viruses, FRNAPH are easily cultivable and their potential to track the origin of the pollution is also often investigated. However, some limits are still associated with these indicators, regarding to their ability to track the origin of the pollution or concerning the lack of correlation with pathogens. In this context, the aim of this work was to make clear the potential of FRNAPH as fecal and as viral indicators in environmental waters and shellfish. As a first step, their ability to track human pollution was optimized. In addition, our results underlined the gains bringing by FRNAPH detection, especially when focusing on shellfish microbiological quality management. Indeed, unlike fecal indicator bacteria, the accumulation of FRNAPH and their persistence in shellfish have been found to be close to that of enteric viruses (i.e. norovirus). Furthermore, when using comparable methods for their detection, high correlation was observed between human FRNAPH and norovirus in shellfish. Taking into account these observations, a sensitive method allowing the detection of infectious FRNAPH of human origin was developed to improve viral hazard management in water and food commodities (e.g. environmental waters, shellfish, soft fruits, leaf)
Daniau, Côme. "Surveillance épidémiologique fondée sur des indicateurs de santé déclarée : pertinence et faisabilité d’un dispositif à l’échelle locale en santé environnement". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0923/document.
Texto completoThis work presents an innovative epidemiological surveillance system in environmental health based on self-reported health indicators, closer to the complaints of the local population leaving around a source of environmental pollution: symptoms and loss of the quality of life. This approach is built up from a conceptual framework based on the psychometric theory and the transactional model of stress. A field application of this approach was carried out the population neighboring (n=1 495) the chemical industrial area of Salindres, Gard. This study verifies that self-reported health indicators measured with MOS SF-36 and SCL-90-R can be used to study populations exposed to multifactorial environmental risks. This study confirms that these indicators are relevant and sensitive when applied to environmental risk factors referring to the cognitive representations of risks, such as the sensorial perception of stimuli emitted by the industries. This work shows, besides, that the availability of national references for these indicators confers interpretability to these indicators, an essential quality criterion. This work discusses qualitatively the acceptability of measuring indicators of self-reported health in the population, proposes recommendations on communication for the setting of that kind of approach, and opens up avenues on management orientations
Bocoum, Ibrahima. "Sécurité alimentaire et pauvreté : Analyse économique des déterminants de la consommation des ménages : Application au Mali". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10072.
Texto completoUnderstanding people's food consumption and malnutrition determinants is the main issue for the improvement of public food security and poverty alleviation policies in the developing countries. The recent food crisis in the Sahel and many other low income countries which followed commodities prices increase highlighted the access problem of poor people. Food access problem and food poverty are mostly related to monetary poverty. Yet in some regions, high malnutrition rates are observed despite the income raise. The objective of the thesis is to better understand the households' income – food consumption relationship within the framework of food security in Southern countries.In addition to the standard tools of the microeconomic demand analysis, especially Engel functions, we developed empirical methods to take into account the qualitative perspectives given by the food entitlements and functionings approaches of Sen and the livelihoods approach. The statistical and econometrical analysis draws upon the data of a Malian national survey of 2001 on households' living standards, which paid a particular attention to the food consumption section.The results show that, on the whole, an increase of total expenditures (taken as a proxy of income) raise food consumption quantitatively (calories) and qualitatively (diet diversity). However, living standards comparisons in terms of monetary poverty and calorie needs coverage reveal unexpected cases : monetary non poor households with insufficient calorie intake and monetary poor ones with sufficient calorie intake. The existence of theses cases which represent a relatively important proportion of the survey's sample is explained by the choices of budget allocation and the composition of households' food basket. It underlines that the traditional monetary indicator of poverty is not a suitable indicator of food needs satisfaction
Lopard, Gabriel. "Conception et dimensionnement des ouvrages souterrains dans les massifs rocheux discontinus – Développement de la méthode des blocs isolés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLM014.
Texto completoMany activity sectors involve occupation of underground space. Digging in a rockmass presents different modes of ruin that must be identified in order to use the appropriate design tools. Among them, block instability is a usual problem in fractured rock masses. Numerical approaches of multiple blocks allow to consider the complete rockmass but their use can be hard and requires a lot of input data sometimes unavailable. The Isobloc approach is based on the isolated block concept and, compared to other methods based on the same concept, it is more rigorous in solving the block mechanics problem. In this thesis, this method has been studied in order to integrate it in the design approach of fractured rock mass. A first part is specifically interested in the normal joint behavior law, and in definition of indicators to quantify the safety of the block's equilibrium state. A second part presents reflections and ways to model a support solution with Isobloc. Three types are proposed according to the knowledge degree of the support. Finally, an application of the Isobloc method in the blocks stability study approach has been proposed using data from a real study site
Saunier, Nicolas. "Incidence de la régulation d'un carrefour à feux sur le risque des usagers; Apprentissage d'indicateurs par sélection de données dans un flux". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009447.
Texto completoNous nous intéressons aux interactions entre véhicules et à leur relation à l'accident, appelée sévérité. Nous proposons une modélisation des interactions entre les véhicules dans un carrefour, et étudions particulièrement la zone de conflit. Nous mesurons les durées d'interactions et qualifions à chaque instant la sévérité des interactions détectées selon deux indicateurs, un indicateur de proximité et un indicateur de vitesse. Notre système modulaire détecte les interactions à l'aide de règles expertes explicites. Pour les indicateurs de sévérité, nous développons une méthode d'apprentissage générique, par sélection de données dans un flux. Cette méthode est testée sur l'apprentissage de l'indicateur de vitesse, et sur d'autres problèmes classiques.
Nous utilisons le système développé pour traiter une partie des données de la base. Nous étudions les distributions des durées d'interaction selon les indicateurs de sévérité et mettons en évidence des différences entre les stratégies comparées.
Maiga, Abdoulaye. "La crédibilité de la Commaunauté Economique des Etats d'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEDEAO) dans sa quête de la paix et de la sécurité". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30057.
Texto completoThe Economic Community of West Africa is an international organization that was involved very early in the peacekeeping and security. It undertook military intervention in some West African states, like Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea Bissau. In 1999, ECOWAS has made a strategic shift in security. This was manifested by the adoption of a new security mechanism to place the human at the heart of security concerns. The new objective of ECOWAS is to achieve human security for the citizens of West Africa. It turns out that the realization of human security requires economic and financial means, or the West African states are among the poorest in the world. Also, since the adoption of the new security mechanism, ECOWAS meeting more and more difficult to achieve the noble principles and recommendations contained in its legal system, in a context of increased of contemporary military and non military threats. After over 30 years of experience in the integration process, is there not now clear that the success of the organization in peacekeeping and security is closely linked to progress in the economic integration? The weak economic outlook states of ECOWAS calls does not change the strategy of integration of ECOWAS? The adoptions of federalism across West Africa cannot it be a way of salvation for ECOWAS?
Daignault, Penelope. "L'implication multidimensionnelle des récepteurs comme indicateur de l'efficacité de l'argument de crainte. Le cas des campagnes de sécurité routière". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24744/24744.pdf.
Texto completoDaignault, Pénélope. "L'implication multidimensionnelle des récepteurs comme indicateur de l'efficacité de l'argument de crainte : le cas des campagnes de sécurité routière". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19326.
Texto completoMghirbi, Oussama. "Résilience des exploitations agricoles face au changement des pratiques phytosanitaires : Conception d’outils de gestion des risques liés aux pesticides – cas du bassin versant de l’étang de l’or en France". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30011/document.
Texto completoThe excessive use of plant protection products has caused public health and environmental issues dueto their toxicity. As part of this interdisciplinary research work between geography and agronomy, theobjective is to analyse the resilience of farms and their capacity to deal with the change of plantprotection practices. In order to answer this objective, our work is based on the design of a method forassessing plant protection practices at different spatial scales and on a technical-economic model foroptimising plant protection treatment and managing risks related to pesticides. This work consists inproviding territorial actors with decision-support tools for an integrated management of pesticide useat the “Etang de l’Or” catchment area in the South of France. This study is based on the use of severalmultidisciplinary tools: mathematical programming techniques, statistical analysis and GeographicInformation Systems (GIS), by introducing agri-environmental indicators for plant protection pressure(TFI) and risks of toxicity on the applicator’s health and on environment (IRSA, IRTE), and economicindicators. The combination of these indicators defines the different categories of farms resilience andcapacity of their production systems to deal with the change of plant protection practices. The conceptof resilience, combined with spatial analysis of agri-environmental and economic indicators usingGIS, allows implementing generic decision-support tools to find a compromise between the differentactors to deal with problems of spatial inequality and socioeconomic in term of phytosanitary diffusepollution. The results of multi-scale analysis allow implementing management strategies of risksrelated to plant protection practice based on the vulnerability of the natural environment on a territoryand ensuring suitable economic outcomes to farms
Sadeghi, Leyla. "Aide à la décision pour l'intégration de la sécurité au plus tôt en phase de conception : approche innovante de reconception de machines agricoles". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0031/document.
Texto completoThe research presented in this thesis is positioned in the field of design for safety. This thesis is particularly interested in operationalizing the IRAD (Innovative Risk Assessment Design) method, which integrates safety systematically throughout the design process. For this purpose, in first step, we propose to formalize a type of experience feedback (accident reports) detailing the facts relating to the elements of a working situation and the events that led to an accident. In the next step, we propose two complementary approaches to redesign for safety: functional reverse engineering for safety (FRES) and functional re-engineering for safety (FR2ES). FRES is used to extract knowledge on both the accident and the design of the system involved in the accident. This approach allows assessing the safety level of the system by estimating a safety indicator depending on the type of identified risk. This indicator is used as a parameter for decision support during the redesign of the system. FR2ES defines the safety objectives related to each phase of the design in order to eliminate or reduce a given risk. The safest solutions are then obtained, on the one hand, by incorporating these safety objectives in the redesign process and, on the other hand, by using the safety indicator applied to the proposed solutions. Finally, the applicability of these approaches is demonstrated on two types of tractor-implement hitches: the power take off shaft and the three point hitch systems
Saunier, Nicolas. "Incidence de la régulation d'un carrefour à feux sur le risque subi par les usagers : apprentissage d'indicateurs par sélection de données dans un flux". Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0011.
Texto completoIn the context of traffic light control strategies and the development of integrated devices for traffic management, our task is to build a system that analyses observation data of an intersection. We use an automated experimental observation device of a real intersection, based on video sensors, and a database of traffic recordings wich allows use to make a comparative analysis of the effects of two strategies, a reference strategy, and an adaptive real-time strategy, called CRONOS, developed in INRETS. We focus on interactions between vehicles, and their relation to accidents, called severity. We introduce a categorization of interactions between vehicles in an intersection, and study particularly the conflict zone. We measure the interaction duration and evaluate at each instant the severity of detected interactions, according to two indicators, a proximity indicator and a speed indicator. Our modular system detects interactions with explicit expert rules. For the severity indicators, we develop a generic learning method, through data selection in a stream. This method is tested on the learning of the speed indicator, and benchmarks. We use our system to analyse a part of the database. With this system, we study the distribution of interaction duration according to the safety indicators and highlight differences between the compared strategies
Bargeton, Alexandre. "Fusion multi-sources pour l'interprétation d'un environnement routier". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005997.
Texto completoVuillet, Marc. "Élaboration d’un modèle d’aide à la décision probabiliste pour l’évaluation de la performance des digues fluviales". Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1186.
Texto completoLevee risk control is crucial, as flood defense failures may seriously affect human life or economics issues. The regulation in France relating to the safety of the hydraulic structures is recently evolved (decree of December 11, 2007) and henceforth envisages for levees the realization of regular diagnoses and studies of dangers and encourages a probabilistic evaluation of levees safety. A levee safety evaluation currently consists in appraising the work, including taking into account data stemming from various prior investigations: historical records, visual inspections, hydraulic modeling, geophysical explorations, geotechnical explorations, etc. Such investigations may be performed to a more or less comprehensive extent, according to the resources available. Levee diagnostic studies will first split the alignments into several homogenous construction and loading sections, then complete an expert quality assessment of their performance levels. The goal of our research is to develop a probabilistic model for performance assessment of river levees, for a quick or comprehensive diagnosis. The model give support for engineer and make possible to determine how much an evaluation may be trusted and will help decide which levee sections should be primarily subjected to action or investigations. This will also facilitate the decision making process regarding technical actions to be taken to improve a levee section performance. Our approach contains three main steps:- analyzing and modeling levees failure mechanisms with a functional model build up from risk analysis methods ;- construction of deterministic decision aid model including levees performance indicator, using unicriterion decision support methods ;- construction of a probabilistic-based model for evaluating levees performance. Such model taking into account the input data uncertainty by using subjective probabilities. Our research results are illustrated by model application on cases studies
Denis, Dieumet. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la commande de robots mobiles reconfigurables en milieu tout-terrain : application à la stabilité dynamique d'engins agricoles". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22565/document.
Texto completoThis work is focused on the thematic of the maintenance of the dynamic stability of off-road vehicles. Indeed, driving vehicles in off-road environment remains a dangerous and harsh activity because of the variable and bad grip conditions associated to a large diversity of terrains. Driving difficulties may be also encountered when considering huge machines with possible reconfiguration of their mechanical properties (changes in mass and centre of gravity height for instance). As a consequence, for the sole agriculture sector, several fatal injuries are reported per year in particular due to rollover situations. Passive protections (ROllover Protective Structure - ROPS) are installed on tractors to reduce accident consequences. However, protection capabilities of these structures are very limited and the latter cannot be embedded on bigger machines due to mechanical design limitations. Furthermore, driving assistance systems (such as ESP or ABS) have been deeply studied for on-road vehicles and successfully improve safety. These systems usually assume that the vehicle Center of Gravity (CG) height is low and that the vehicles are operating on smooth and level terrain. Since these assumptions are not satisfied when considering off-road vehicles with a high CG, such devices cannot be applied directly. Consequently, this work proposes to address this research problem by studying relevant stability metrics able to evaluate in real time the rollover risk in order to develop active safety devices dedicated to off-road vehicles. In order to keep a feasible industrialization of the conceived active safety device, the use of compatible sensors with the cost of the machines was one of the major commercial and societal requirements of the project. The ambitious goal of this study was achieved by different routes. First, a multi-scale modeling approach allowed to characterize the dynamic evolution of off-road vehicles. This partial dynamic approach has offered the advantage of developing sufficiently accurate models to be representative of the actual behavior of the machine but having a relatively simple structure for high-performance control systems. Then, a comparative study of the advantages and drawbacks of the three main families of metrics found in the literature has helped to highlight the interest of dynamic stability metrics at the expense to categories of so-called static and empirical stability criteria. Finally, a thorough analysis of dynamic metrics has facilitated the choice of three indicators (Longitudinal and Lateral Load Transfer (LLT), Force Angle Stability Measurement (FASM) and Dynamic Energy Stability Measurement (DESM)) that are representative of an imminent rollover risk. The following of the document is based on the observation theory for estimating online of variables which are not directly measurable in off-road environment such as slip and cornering stiffnesses. Coupled to the dynamic models of the vehicle, the theory of observers has helped therefore to estimate in real time the tire-soil interaction forces which are necessaries for evaluating indicators of instability. The coupling of these multiscale models to the observation theory has formed an original positioning capable to break the complexity of the characterization of the stability of vehicles having complex and uncertain dynamics. (...)
Bolduc, Jolianne. "Évaluation des liens entre la composition des équipes de soins infirmiers et la qualité et sécurité des soins dans des unités de soins critiques". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21612.
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