Tesis sobre el tema "Indicateurs de pauvreté – Maroc"
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Nechad, Abdelhamid. "Analyse critique des théories et indicateurs de la pauvreté : appui à l'expérience marocaine". Littoral, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DUNK0102.
Texto completoThis thesis about the indicators and theories of poverty is structured into four chapters. The first thoroughly explores all the economic factors of poverty as well as the limits of the economic paradigm of international institutions. More precisely, the candidate exposes in a systematic and critical way, the "tool box" of the traditional approach to poverty : the income per capita, the poverty line, as well as the latest improvements of statistical tools such as the indicator of human development, the indicator of capacity shortage, and the indicator of human poverty. He concludes that any statistical tool bears the prints of the theorical conception inspiring it. That way he goes back to the basic postulates of the economic conception of wealth and poverty. He identifies the too reducing character which hinders economists from apprehending the poverty processes in all their complexities
Nettah, Yassine. "Disparités régionales et formes multidimensionnelles de pauvreté : le cas du Maroc". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ0021.
Texto completoThis work explores regional inequalities and diverse dimensions of poverty within Morocco,addressing several key inquiries. It examines the distribution of economic activities across different Moroccan regions and evaluates each region's economic performance across various sectors.The study also investigates how neighboring regions influence economic convergence within specific areas and the extent of regional specialization and dominance within the economy. Additionally, it analyzes the geographical distribution of poverty and assesses the effectiveness of objective poverty indices, while aiming to develop a tailored subjective poverty index for Morocco. Research methodologies employedinclude data collection and analysis to address the outlined research inquiries.The study's findings offer insights into regional disparities and the dynamics of poverty in Morocco, with implications for policymakers and practitioners. It contributes valuable insights to regional economics and poverty studies, emphasizing the necessity for customized approaches to address regional inequalities and implement effective poverty reduction strategies. The study also discusses its limitationsand outlines potential future directions. Overall, it presents a thorough examination of regional disparities and poverty in Morocco, with potential applications for policy formulation and decision-making processes
Abouessalam, Sabah. "Pauvreté urbaine et comportements résidentiels à Marrakech". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010602.
Texto completoMost inhabitants of Marrakech are so poor that they can't enter the "normal" labor market, nor can they get "normal" housing produced by state or capitalist developers. So specific modes of production of housing developed at the urban peripheries or through rehabilitation of old districts (medina) upon which public authorities do not much but incremental upgrading. Deprived people living in those impoverished areas move from one district to the other, according to external constraints rather than to their will
Laoudi, Mohamed. "Petits entrepreneurs de la pauvreté et activités marchandes de rue à Casablanca (Maroc)". Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT5010.
Texto completoEl, Aynaoui Jean-Philippe Karim. "Pauvreté et marché du travail urbain segmenté au Maroc : une nouvelle approche". Bordeaux 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR40027.
Texto completoSegmentation is a specific feature of urban labor markets in developing countries. In this context, numerous empirical evidences are showing the key role of the labor market in explaining poverty. Along these lines, this research strives to explore the relationship between the structure and the functioning of the urban labor market, and poverty in morocco. Indeed, the main purpose is to examine the consequences of occupational vulnerability -we suppose that labor market segmentation is rooted to it- on urban poverty. Following a theoretical review focused on the segmentation concept, a framework with a segmented labor market is presented. Based on differentials in occupational vulnerability, the aim is to detect the allocation process in the segments - individual occupational characteristics are key determinants. Using cross sectional data on urban areas from the 90-91 national living standard measurement survey, the test for the segmentation hypothesis exhibits a non random latent allocation process of the individuals in four segments. Then, in-depth analysis reveals that the incidence of poverty is closely linked to the segmentation dynamic (also to unemployment), suggesting that access to protected jobs is a key determinant of welfare conditions: indeed, 80% of the poor are located in two vulnerable segments. Besides, the results enable to specify earning patterns, and how the urban market function and interact with individual occupational choices and employers decisions. The analysis sheds light on the mechanisms creating vulnerability, and confirms the prevalence of the segmentation hypothesis in urban areas of morocco. The labor market outcomes differs by gender. Due to a better understanding of the asymmetric effects of policies and exogenous shocks on the components of the segmented market, the results contribute to ameliorate the design of policies. Finally, a set of reforms to reduce poverty throughout macroeconomic policy and structural measures is proposed
Kana, Zeumo Vivien. "Construction d'indices : mesurage multidimensionnel de la pauvreté". Paris 9, 2012. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2012PA090032.
Texto completoSall, Serigne Touba. "Approche par les données de panel dans la théorie asymptotique des indicateurs de pauvreté". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066286.
Texto completoAim of the thesis is to study the limit distributions of estimators that arise in the analysis of poverty, called poverty indices. We are especially concerned with the asymptotic theory of the time-dependent general poverty index (GPI), including all the usual indices in the literature. We settle uniform weak convergence of such statistics. As a first step, we consider the indices for a fixed time. Using extreme value theory and Hungarian approximations, we need asymptotic laws for the GPI, and entirely describe the asymptotic normality of this class. These results have natural applications to derive asymptotic confidence intervals for indices based on data collected within developing countries. However, we still need to handle longitudinal data, where the poverty situation is analysed over a continuous period of time. In this case, we are faced with longitudinal data, called panel data, and led to consider the time-dependent general poverty index. Based on weak convergence theory for empirical processes, developed by Vaart and Wellner (1995), we settle the uniform weak convergence of such statistics. We obtained uniform asymptotic laws of GPI. Our results yield tools to handle discrete and continuous longitudinal data. As application we used Senegalese data ESAM (enquete senegalaise aupres des ménages) available for two periods, 1996 and 2001. In this way, comparisons are made between different regions on a fixed moment in time or between the situations of the same region at different time instants
Chattou, Zoubir. "Prolétarisation et conditions d'existence des ouvriers agricoles chez les Bni Iznacem, Maroc, 1900-1990 : étude socio-anthropologique des processus de décomposition et de recomposition des structures économiques et sociales dans la société des Bni Iznacem". Paris, EHESS, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992EHES0025.
Texto completoThis work discusses the processes of proletarianzition and the development of wage labor in the area of type bni iznacen, a rural population located in marocco. Living and work conditions, recruitement patters migration and forms of resistance to exploitation are analysed in the context of colonial and postocolonial development during the xiwth and xxth centuries. Description and anlysis are based on ethnological and statistical data gathered during 15 months of fieldwork the transition to capitalist type of production and wage labor are shown to result in the decomposition of pre existing socio-economic structures and the formation of a rural proletariat. This process of precariousness is shown to lead to situations of poverty and excusion of agricultural workers
Padayachy, Renganaden. "Mesures de la pauvreté à l'Île Maurice". Paris 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364779.
Texto completoRharmili, Moncef. "L' importance accordée aux indicateurs de performance dans la prise de décisions : cas des entreprises marocaines". Toulon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUL2005.
Texto completoSince the appearance of criticism of financial performance indicators, most of the empirical studies have led to the importance of measuring non-financial performance. However, those studies remain incomplete because the face of substantial flow of information formal and informal businesses flooded, the role given by the managers to the information of performance indicators was little studied. This research fits well in the continuation of work on performance measures and aims to better understand the factors that influence the importance given to performance indicators in making decisions. Based on a theoretical framework rich and varied, including the model of the Balanced Scorecard, theories related useful information and approach of contingency, we have constructed a theoretical model that examines the underlying factors the importance given to performance indicators and its relationship with the financial performance and companies. From a survey on the importance given to this information by the managers of Moroccan firms, we were able to empirically test our research model. The results of this survey showed that executives attach much importance to information relating to financial and non financial. Factors of the uncertainty in the environment, the strategy of differentiation and more decentralized structure are factors that explain the high importance given to this information. Thus, after an adoption of performance indicators, these factors influence the importance attached to such information in making decision by managers
Qouiyd, Siham. "Relations Maroc - Union Européenne : Evolution historique et répercussions socio-spatiales". Cergy-Pontoise, 2008. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/08CERG0400.pdf.
Texto completoThis research work deals with the evolution of exchange policies between the European Union and countries of the south Mediterranean and particularly between the EU and Morocco. Do these changes contribute to the diminution of socio-spatial inequalities? Or, they enforced these inequalities by giving privilege to certain precise regions or segments of the social and economic life in Morocco? A historical overview was indispensable in order to study the evolution of these changes and their socio-spatial impact on the Moroccan territory. This thesis consists of two major parts. The first part deals with the determinants of the cooperation and the second part treat the realization of this cooperation. A precise report is accomplished in order to highlight the insufficiencies and point to malfunctioning issues
Guessous, Chakib. "Le travail des enfants au Maroc". Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081881.
Texto completoBresson, Florent. "Essais sur les méthodes d'analyse des variations de la pauvreté". Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196851.
Texto completoAbderrazak, Alaoui Moulay Rachid. "Le processus de paupérisation et de prolétarisation de la paysannerie marocaine : genèse, mécanismes et formes d'évolution". Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010613.
Texto completoThrough the analysis of the phenomen on of impoverishment and proletarianization of maroccan peasantry, it turns out that: from the second half of 19's century, date of the insertion's institutionalization of maroccan agriculture within the international division of work, the peasantry came into an era of instability (impoverishment, loss of the means of production, drift from the land. . . ) Which will be activated under the colonization (19121956) and become more marked in independent marocco. The integration of peasants at the level of the circulation sphere predominates up on their integration at the productive capital. Increasing impoverishment of a more and more important proportion of peasantry which is simultaneous with a greath population growith (3%) and an excessive dividing up of exploitations witch are due to this basic for the developement of important migratory mouvements towards the cities. The proletarianization which is being produced is precarious insufficient and hierarchical according to the space where it is made, rural, urban, extra-national. These impoverished peasants leave the country side to cram in unhealthy shanty towns where rural poverty feed that of the town. To sun up, it is a matter of marginalizing the peasantry rather than o matter of proletarianization because there is not a full and entire incorporation in the capitalist system which is minority however it dominates the economy of the country
Sy, Ibrahima. "La pauvreté au Sénégal : une évaluation multidimensionnelle de la pauvreté et des disparités interrégionales entre 2001 et 2006". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL2001.
Texto completoThis paper analyzes different approaches in poverty in Senegal, relying in particular on data provided by the last two household surveys (ESPS-2-2002 and ESAM 2006) conducted by the National Agency of Statistics and Demography in partnership with the World Bank.In the analysis of monetary poverty, we reveal important differences in terms of poverty lines in regions with at extremes, Dakar 923,55 F CFA (1,40 €) and Tambacounda 515,70 FCFA (0,78€), suggesting little relevance to the use of a threshold at national level alone. On basis of these thresholds, the indices of poverty stemming from the Foster's generic formula, to Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) reveal a reduction in the rate of poverty between 2002 and 2006 from the 57.1 % to 50.8 %, that is 6.9 in the whole of country and a gap in the poverty's line passing from 18 % to 16,4 %. This decline is particularly observed in the regions of Dakar, Diourbel, Kaolack, Saint-Louis and Thies. At the departmental level, poverty rates show a significant concentration in rural areas and the existence of pockets of poverty enclaved in urban areas. The estimation of a spatial econometric model highlights the socioeconomic factors that may explain the interdepartmental differences in poverty rates observed in 2006, including the level of regional economic development (urbanization, employment) and household behavior related at infrastructure (education, health and fertility). Furthermore, we propose a dichotomous model from which it is possible to identify the determinants of income poverty of household heads. The results show that female-headed households are not the poorest layer. In general way, differences of poverty apparent between urban and rural areas are largely correlated with disabilities in terms of education and unequal access to information and communication resources.We are entering a multidimensional analysis of poverty in Senegal, through an estimate of the degree of deprivation of some basic household needs. The approach by the theory of fuzzy sets used for this purpose shows that poverty declined slightly: 1% against 7% for monetary poverty. Unlike the monetary approach, the observed decrease from non-monetary poverty affects other regions as Kolda and Ziguinchor and Kaolack and Diourbel saw an increase. The estimation of one-dimensional fuzzy indexes allowed identifying the domains in which the households post the degree of largest deprivation: the quality of housing, education and information and communication technologies, beyond income.The profiles of monetary poverty as well as multidimensional are excellent tools to target the most destitute groups of the population. However, these tools remain dumb on the perception of these poor people as for their own socioeconomic situation. In this sense, an econometric analysis of the determinants of poverty felt in Senegal in 2006 brings up the importance of certain non-economic dimensions (social exclusion, cultural and lack of consultation of stakeholders on policy development and cutter fight poverty)
Maric, Michel. "Primat de la liberté et renouveau de l'économie du bien-être : apports à l'analyse de la pauvreté". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010058.
Texto completoGaboua, Solange Patricia. "Pauvreté et croissance : le cas particulier des pays de l’Afrique centrale : Cameroun, Congo et République Centrafricaine". Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020111.
Texto completoThis thesis presents a comparative analysis of the evolution of monetary and non-monetary poverty of three countries of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (Cameroon, Congo, and Central African Republic). After a review of theoretical approaches of poverty and different strategies for poverty eradication implemented in Sub-Saharan Africa this work explores the stylized facts concerning the economic growth on poverty reduction in the three countries. Finally, we empirically examine the relationship between economic growth and non-income poverty using Moser and Ichida (2001) model. We find that an increase in GDP per capita leads to an increase in life expectancy, an increase in the rate of gross primary school enrolment and a decline in infant mortality rates. These results have direct policy implications
Sy, Ibrahima. "La pauvreté au Sénégal : une évaluation multidimensionnelle de la pauvreté et des disparités interrégionales entre 2001 et 2006". Phd thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015944.
Texto completoSeck, Cheikh Tidiane. "Estimation non-paramétrique et convergence faible des mesures de pauvreté". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825389.
Texto completoEl-Saghir, Sinno Sandra. "Evaluation de la pauvreté et perspectives de développement dans le contexte de la mondialisation : Application au cas du Liban". Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020114.
Texto completoEl, Yousfi Hicham. "Vers une croissance verte au Maroc : proposition d’indicateurs de suivi". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12022.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to propose a model of sustainable development - option of the green economy - which aims to reconcile economic development and environmental conservation as real progress must be both sustainable and inclusive balancing between development that meets the basic needs of human beings while preserving the ecosystem. It is therefore to give renewed direction to economic and environmental policies in the tradition of sustainable development. Before proposing a configuration of the green economy for Morocco which should be understood in a broader perspective incorporating a balanced way, in addition to the environmental and economic dimensions, the social dimension, we answer the first part the following question: The green economy allows it to move towards sustainable development? The second part deals with the possibility of choosing the option of the green economy, focusing on the Moroccan experience in terms of strategies that may lead to the adoption option of the green economy and presents a diagnostic sustainability of Morocco's development model and identify its structural weaknesses. We propose in the third part, national indicators of the green economy which will be refined and regional as new data become available together with the regional strategy for sustainable tourism. This thesis is the first initiative on a national scale construction of monitoring indicators of the green economy. It shows the role of "green economy" as a possible solution to address all the issues raised in the National Strategy for Sustainable Development by proposing monitoring indicators at national and regional level
Perthuis, de Laillevault François-Xavier de. "La perception de la pauvreté à Dakar (Sénégal) : entre approches théoriques et réalité observée". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0044.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the perception of poverty in Dakar (Senegal) through the development of adaptation strategies implemented in poverty context in the Senegalese capital. Considering the study of poverty in Senegal, researches are at the crossroads of economics, sociology and anthropology. To capture the economic and social manifestations of poverty, researches consider a multidisciplinary approach, combining economic and sociological approach, focusing on the analysis of poverty from the experiences of poor populations. The first part focuses on the dominant theoretical approaches in the analysis of poverty and their respective evolution from the 1950s to nowadays. Despite fundamental evolution of theoretical approaches, this part of the thesis demonstrates their limitations in the empirical understanding of poverty when the researcher chooses to analyze poverty from experiences of poor people. In a second part, research threat on the analysis of the evolution of empirical comprehension of poverty through successive development policies implemented in Senegal from the 1980s until 2012. This section describes the evolution of the main causes of poverty in neighborhoods that are subject of research. In a third part, based on experiences of poverty, analysis develops the main manifestations of poverty and strategies used by populations. Research underlines the evolution of strategies in poverty context through transformations of social net, diversification of resources and the evolution of the quality of social relationship. It appears that lack of capacity to elaborate adaptation strategies in poverty context is directly determinate by the quality of social relationship
Miftah, Amal. "L'impact de la migration internationale sur l’économie marocaine". Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090015.
Texto completoThe remittances have become an important source of finance in developing countries. The main objective of this thesis is to explain the reasons for making remittances. The second issue is to measure their impact on the household's well-being, as evaluated by the monetary and human poverty. We conclude that these flows reduce the number of poor and vulnerable households. They also can have fuelled a rise in income inequality compared to the counterfactual situation of no migration. Our results also indicate that remittances have a positive influence on parents' willingness to continue the schooling of their children especially if they are male. The third objective of this thesis is related to the return migration. We show the role of socio-demographics and economics factors in taking the decision to return
Maiffi-Rassat, Malika. "La flore algale de l'oued tensift : impact des eaux usees de la ville de marrakech (maroc) ; les diatomees, indicateurs biologiques de la qualite des eaux". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066697.
Texto completoMaiffi-Rassat, Malika. "La Flore algale de l'Oued Tensift impact des eaux usées de la ville de Marrakech, Maroc : les diatomées, indicateurs biologiques de la qualité de l'eau /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376154973.
Texto completoTaouil, Fatima-Zohra. "La veille technologique comme outil d'anticipation pour les politiques pour la science et l'innovation : rôle des indicateurs technologiques dans la construction des collaborations universités-entreprises au Maroc". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1095.
Texto completoThe purpose of this work was to provide the indicators characterizing the technological activity in Morocco. The technological production was measured by analyzing patents data extracted from a local and a global database: The OMPIC and WIPO patent database. Our study icludes patents with a moroccan priority for a period of 6 years years (2006-2010) with an application to industry as a potential user of scientific research. Building scientific and technological indicators is placed in the context of public policies to meet the socio-economic needs of the country. This research is based on a systemic and a socio-constructivist approaches to define the structural, functional and historical aspects to provide a comprehensive view of the Moroccan system of scientific and technological research. So, our study has analyzed the technological activity in three segments: companies, universities and individuals. We also studied the structure of collaboration between them and we noted mainly a lack of structuring communities in universities and companies as knowledge producers. The main technological activity emanates from individuals who are responsible for 74% of patenting activity, but only 10% of them are value-added technology. At a regional level, a technological concentration is observed in 3 regions only. we highlight the technological dependence of Morocco and put up a strategy to identify innovative clusters and university-entreprises collaboration
Rhomari, Maria. "La réforme des systèmes de retraite dans les pays en développement et l'extension de la couverture à l'emploi informel : Application au Maroc". Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090005/document.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates pension reforms in developing countries, their ability to provide retirees with a decent income, and the issue of extending their coverage to the entire population, including informal workers. The first two chapters assess the transition from pay-as-you-go to fully funded or multipillar schemes. A case study based on macro-data and pension funds data from 7 Latin American countries show that such reforms had very low effect on coverage rates and labour formalization and did not succeed in protecting people from old-age poverty. The third chapter describes the Moroccan pension system and shows that the reform currently in discussion is not sufficient either to achieve this goal. The last two chapters are empirical studies based on Moroccan labour force survey and household survey data. The first one draws a complete panorama of the non-contributing share of the population and estimates the probability of informal employment depending on both individual and professional characteristics. The second one studies the economic lives of the elderly. Overall results confirm that the informal labour market is heterogeneous and that most informal jobs are involuntary, not a choice made by workers to avoid paying taxes and social security contributions. It also appears that households that include aged members are poorer, the intergenerational cohabitation is high and therefore, creating a solidarity pension will help alleviate poverty at a cost not exceeding 0.5% of GDP
Noglo, Agbényégan Yawo. "Pauvreté monétaire et multidimensionnelle au Togo : mesure, analyse et évaluation d’impact des politiques de ciblage". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100078.
Texto completoRanked 162nd in the world out of 183, Togo is one of the least advanced countries in the world. Shaken by a huge political crisis in the 90’s with dramatic social and economic consequences, the country has had positive GDP growth rates since 2006. However, this performance is still not enough to considerably alleviate the country’s multiform poverty. This dissertation aims to measure two approaches of poverty: the monetary one and basic needs. The measuring tools are: Foster Greer Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices once a poverty line is determined, Multiple Correspondance Analysis (MCA) used to construct a Composite Poverty Indicator (CPI) and finally econometric estimations. Having introduced some targeting policies, a special attention is paid to micro-finance. Statistical results have shown evidence that, despite the high level of loan repayment by group lending members, they remain non-monetary poor. It is also noticed that the repayment performance isn’t linked to any improvement of the credit group member’s monetary situation, but rather to the very nature of group lending technology
Nguyen, Anh Duy. "Analyse empirique de l'impact des transferts de fond sur la pauvreté et la dépense de ménage au Vietnam". Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU2010/document.
Texto completoThis study examines the impact of remittances on poverty, the welfare of receiving-households. It measures the extent to which the remittance flows are distributed among households at various points in the consumption distribution, using two latest rounds of Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys 2010 and 2012 (VHLSSs). We applied different estimation method in this study including the meta-regression framework, matching method, IV method and quantile treatment effect regression. We use the expenditure poverty line measured by General Statistics Office/World Bank (GSO-WB), while the welfare indicator is measured by household and per capita expenditure. Several interesting results emerged. In chapter 2, the study is one of the first meta-regression analysis regarding the investigation of the “true” empirical effect of remittances on poverty reduction. The findings reveal that the heterogeneity in effect size of the impact of remittance on poverty reduction for a specific study may depend on various key factors: geographical region and level of development of one country, econometric method, and poverty indicators. In chapter 3, we apply the matching method. The poverty reduction effect of remittances varies between 7.3 percentage points and 3.0 percentage points for rural and urban families respectively. Furthermore, we find a significant increase of expenditure for remittances-receiving households. In chapter 4, using the historical migration networks as instruments for remittance receipts, we found that international remittances do decrease the likelihood of household poverty by about 7.5 percentage points. Finally, the gain of remittances is significantly larger among better–off households in Vietnam, especially when the endogeneity of remittance is taken into account in QTE estimation
Bocoum, Ibrahima. "Sécurité alimentaire et pauvreté : Analyse économique des déterminants de la consommation des ménages : Application au Mali". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10072.
Texto completoUnderstanding people's food consumption and malnutrition determinants is the main issue for the improvement of public food security and poverty alleviation policies in the developing countries. The recent food crisis in the Sahel and many other low income countries which followed commodities prices increase highlighted the access problem of poor people. Food access problem and food poverty are mostly related to monetary poverty. Yet in some regions, high malnutrition rates are observed despite the income raise. The objective of the thesis is to better understand the households' income – food consumption relationship within the framework of food security in Southern countries.In addition to the standard tools of the microeconomic demand analysis, especially Engel functions, we developed empirical methods to take into account the qualitative perspectives given by the food entitlements and functionings approaches of Sen and the livelihoods approach. The statistical and econometrical analysis draws upon the data of a Malian national survey of 2001 on households' living standards, which paid a particular attention to the food consumption section.The results show that, on the whole, an increase of total expenditures (taken as a proxy of income) raise food consumption quantitatively (calories) and qualitatively (diet diversity). However, living standards comparisons in terms of monetary poverty and calorie needs coverage reveal unexpected cases : monetary non poor households with insufficient calorie intake and monetary poor ones with sufficient calorie intake. The existence of theses cases which represent a relatively important proportion of the survey's sample is explained by the choices of budget allocation and the composition of households' food basket. It underlines that the traditional monetary indicator of poverty is not a suitable indicator of food needs satisfaction
Leyle, David. "Bien-être et inégalités en Guinée Maritime : une question d'accès. Un système d'information pour le développement". Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466522.
Texto completoLe, Tellier Julien. "Les recompositions territoriales dans le Maroc du Nord. Dynamiques urbaines dans la péninsule tingitane et gouvernance des services de base à Tanger et à Tétouan (Maroc). L'inclusion des quartiers pauvres à travers l'accès aux transports et à l'eau potable". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00947479.
Texto completoMoussa, Soufianou. "Les personnes âgées au Niger : profils et conditions de vie". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H040.
Texto completoIn Niger, the rare studies on the living conditions of the elderly concern their individual characteristics without any strength analysis of their poverty. Also, concerning public policies, only the retired, whom represent only a very weak part of the elderly, are taken into account by the weakness national pension scheme. Or, the choice of priority social groups in the public policies against poverty is motivated by the high level or risk of poverty in such social groups. Therefore, it becomes interesting to investigate if the lack of specific public policy concerning the elderly can be justified by the fact that older people can't be among the poorest categories of the population. So, this thesis aims, using the data of the population census of Niger in 2001, to find out the level of old age poverty through the standard of living of the households in which they live compared with the households where all residents are less than 60 years old. Our results show that, except households managed by a retired old person, all other categories of households with elderly have more chances to be very poor than households where there is no old person. Nevertheless, in rural areas, we observe that only the elderly living in households headed by an adult has the biggest relative risk of poverty. So, this thesis argues that, in the large majority of cases, through a “household” perspective, older people are more vulnerable than the younger generations. To complete this study, studies about how to develop suitable public policies in favour of the (poor) elderly in Niger and in sub-Saharan Africa in general remain necessary
Berrada, Ward Laila. "Contribution à la détermination des fondements théoriques des indicateurs de gestion des ressources humaines : une illustration à partir du cas des entreprises marocaines". Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0091.
Texto completoThis doctoral research focuses on the construction of Human Resource Management (HRM) tools foundations and more specifically the design of management indicators. Our literature review confirms a predominance of rationality in the design of Human Resource (HR) indicators and we wanted to go further to find more explanations for such dominance. In this perspective, we have adopted a multi-paradigmatic approach. In addition to the rational framework, two other paradigms were also mobilized: Cognitive and Conventionalist paradigms. After having highlighted the arguments justifying the significance of rationality in the design of HR indicators, we expanded our analysis. Instead of rationality in decision making, the contribution of emotions in enhancing the rationality and logical use of HR indicators to achieve performance was enforced. This expansion has allowed us to open up to other theoretical approaches, the analysis did not cause a breaking with rationality but rather it’s strengthening. Thus, we sought to identify the arguments brought by the cognitive paradigms and conventionalist to support this predominance of rationality. The exploration of these different conceptual frameworks, allowed us to formulate our research questions and to mobilize a qualitative approach based on a multi-case method. Our empirical results, limited to Moroccan companies, confirm the importance of rationality in the design of HR indicators and highlight explanations that remain largely consistent with our theoretical frameworks
El, Baqqaly Sidi Ahmed. "L'apport du contrôle de gestion sociale à la performance des entreprises - cas des entreprises marocaines". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1001/document.
Texto completoEven if the role of the function social management control in the improvement of the performance of companies are more and more recognized more than before, this link is still subject of several searches. Several authors tried to light this "black box". In spite of what was validated, many still remain to discover. In literature, we find various theoretical approaches through which several authors tried to validate the relevance of this link. We held the approach of possibility to identify the factors which influence the practices of the social management control in the Moroccan companies and which can consequently improve the performance of these entities
Leyle, David. "Bien-être et inégalité en Guinée Maritime : une question d'accès : un système d'information pour le développement". Bordeaux 3, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466522.
Texto completoBuilt from an experience in a research-action program in Coastal Guinea, the present work highlights the need to update the classic and macroeconomic measures of human development, on which the development policies base their actions led in African rural areas. A geo-historical analysis brings to light the contemporary acceleration of the geographical, economic, political and social changes: the connection of studied societies to a globalized world increases with the monetarization of exchanges and so their vulnerability in front of the prices instability. On a local scale, among villages, the lack of well-being (poverty) and the increase of the economic disparities show that the households do not work in a satisfactory way in the everyday life: their access to the resources, the markets and the public services are recurring problems. The construction of “autochtonous” indicators of accessibility, based on qualitative and quantitative methods, allows reporting difficulties of access for the households and the village communities they belong to in order to achieve their functioning. On the one hand, these indicators concern the implementation of the necessary mobilities and thus the construction of circulation spaces in several scales. On the other hand, they underline a low access to resources which is insufficient to improve their level, their living conditions and their social functioning. Finally, all these indicators of accessibility represent good indicators to report well-being, economic and social changes, as well as disparities and social functioning
Ayour, Jamal. "Contribution à l'étude de la diversité génétique et recherche des paramètres physicochimiques et biochimiques indicateurs de la qualité au cours de la maturation des fruits d'abricots frais et après transformation". Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0704.
Texto completoThe problematic of this thesis is based on the characterization of the quality of apricotsand their aptitude for industrial processing. Three main axes guided this study. The first oneconsisted initially of a global morphometric characterization of Moroccan apricot clonesmaintened in experimental station of INRA of Marrakech and followed by the analysis ofgenetic diversity. 92 accessions, from different geographical regions, were genotyped using21 microsatellite markers. Indeed, the analyzed collection was characterized by a highpolymorphism and a reduced genetic diversity. A total of 120 alleles were identified with anaverage of 5.71 alleles per locus. All the statistical evidence (hierarchical analysis, PCA andstructural analysis) show that the genetic structure of Moroccan apricot can be subdivided intotwo populations : a major population made up of most accessions of genetic groups (authenticpopulation linked in particular to the Delpatriarca variety) and a second less diversifiedpopulation related to all reference varieties, including the Canino variety. The observedvariability between the 92 genotypes could be an asset to improve the apricot cultivation andto allow a sustainable development in the space and the time of the fruit by the selection ofnew genotypes of apricots. Finally, the observed genetic variability was used in the selectionof new apricot clones for phenotypic analysis. The second axis focused on the study ofbiochemical markers that allow to understand and evaluate the quality of selected apricots,namely : the change of organic acids and soluble sugars in relation to the sensory quality, thedevelopment of pigments and color change, the evolution of phenolic compounds in relationto antioxidant activity and loss of texture according to the cell wall biochemistry. Indeed,good physicochemical and biochemical properties have been reported for the ten chosenclones (Maximum values reported for some bioactif compounds : Vitamin C = 0.15 g / kg, β-carotene = 149.251 μg / kg, provitamin A = 0.028 mg / kg), as well as the qualitative traitsassociated with the maturation season and the genotype, is certainly a valuable genetic sourceto extend the apricot season and to supply stalls and industry. The third axis was on theimplication of the texture of the fruit in the industrial processing of apricot. We analyzed thevarietal ability of apricots for industrial processing by analyzing their textural propertiesbefore and after processing. And to better understand the variability of apricot texture, westudied the impact of heat treatment depending on the stage of fruit harvesting on a widerange of French cultivars. In the end, five apricots varieties were chosen as the mostappropriate for the industrial process
Olivier, Anne. "Universalisation de l'accès à l'eau en milieu urbain et impact des politiques tarifaires : analyse distributive dans les métropoles de Manaus (Brésil) et Casablanca (Maroc)". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0089.
Texto completoThis thesis highlights the inequalities of access to water supply in urban areas and attempts to measure the distributive incidence of water subsidies, based on empirical data in Manaus, Bralil and Casablanca, Morocco. In these two contexts facing acute urban poverty, investments required are such that they cannot be financed by the users. The empirical analysis of a 31. 5% tariff increase, applied in January 2004 ta ail users of the water network in Manaus, allows the evaluation of the impact on water consumption and bill recovery. The price-elasticity lies between -0. 38 to -0. 58 with a Difference in Difference estimation, according t0 the tendency for the contrefactual scenario, and is heterogeneous (-0. 7 for the poorest quintile against -0. 3 for wealthiest). The distributive impact of the tariff structures with increasing blocks is then assessed, in simulating the extension of the water supply network in Casablanca. The distribution of the tariff subsidies, regressive in 2006 because of the exclusion of the poorest, becomes progressive once the network is extended. The second part of the approach by micro-simulation explores the implementation of alternative tariffs and shows that the 40 l/c. D allowance dearly dominates ail the structures whereas category targeting would improve the distribution only marginally, while generating strong exclusion. Finally the last part offers a comparative synthesis of the preceding results and presents the results of the simulation of the water network extension for Manaus, Dakar and Bamako
Parizet, Raphaëlle. "Le politique du développement : les usages politiques des savoirs experts et de la participation des populations indiennes au Mexique". Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL20016/document.
Texto completoA buzzword broadcasted by international agencies, the concept of “development with identity” refers to a willingness to take into account local and cultural specificities of indigenous peoples. It entails a promotion of the development approach, presented as both universal and apolitical. This thesis proposes to explore this contradiction. Focusing on the Mexican case, it aims to understand how development apparatuses function as instruments of knowledge, but also as performative instruments by their prescriptive inductions and the social uses they are made of. Finally, “development with identity” refers to an “art of government” of populations labeled as socially disqualified. It relies on two key components: the elaboration of a specific knowledge on these populations and the participation of indigenous individuals and groups in development apparatuses.This thesis proposes a sociological contribution to the analysis of development and works on indigenous issues. In order to study the circulation of development speeches, instruments and practices, this work is based on a political ethnography of three spaces in which the apparatuses of indigenous development in Mexico are elaborated, formulated and put into practice: the Office of the United Nations Development Program in Mexico, the national authority in charge of development public policy for indigenous peoples, and finally social groups in the region of Chiapas in which development apparatuses are developed and implemented
Diongué, Birahime. "Les niveaux et les facteurs explicatifs de la santé au Sénégal de 1960 à 1982". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10018.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is first to study the health levels of Senegalese people and secondly to analyze the factors explaining their health standard. In the first part, we used the result indicators such as morbidity rates, based on the ministry of public health data only, since they are no epidemiologic surveys. The trends analysis indicated a strong prevalence of certain diseases, such as malaria, with nevertheless important disparity between the regions. However, despite the eradication of big endemics such as plague, small pox, sleeping disease, others diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis leprosy, sexually transmissible diseases, nutritional and diarrheal diseases, measles, whooping cough, consequences of abortions and deliveries, represent the most important plagues. But the morbidity data do not correspond to the Senegalese reality: in fact, the health infrastructures are almost exclusively settled in towns and consequently, they benefit only to urban population. Moreover, the attraction of traditional medicine is not to be neglected, but it is the opposite. All the reasons led us to believe that the morbidity is not really known and consequently that the indicator can not constitute a study base of the health (or levels) in Senegal. That is why we choose the mortality, which is a incontestable evidence and a more known indicator. We analyzed in a second part the health factors and, in order to so, we used 17 health and socio-economic variables supposed to explain the levels of infant mortality (explained variables). We went on with a differential econometric analysis, at first at the national level, then with a pooling-data analysis including only 6 regions and finally with a model applied to Dakar, then to Ngayokheme. The demographic variables, the availability of the coverage of beds, as much as the schooling rate have been the main explanatory factors of health status in the regions and in Dakar the income per capita did not reveal itself as a significate variable. But, in terms of personnel in Dakar the medical and paramedical (midwives) coverage have been significate variables, when at the region level, the population per nurse indicator only prove significate
Sabbah, Ibtissam. "Etat de santé et qualité de vie au sud Liban en fonctiondu lieu d'habitation et du genre : adaptation et validation du SF-36 en arabe et d'un index de précarité". Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA3089.
Texto completoDuring year 2000, a study was conducted in South Lebanon on a representative sample with a dual objective: l) adapt into Arabic and validate the SF36 and an index of deprivation. 2) describe the self reported morbidity and the quality of life and analyze the determinant factors, in particular the area of residency (urban vs. Rural) and gender. 1632 persons residing in 347 houses were analyzed and 524 randomly picked to study their quality of life and self reported morbidity. The cultural adaptation and validation of the SF36 followed the International Quality of Life Assessment methodology. The psychometric features of reliability and validity of the Arabic version of SF36 are satisfactory and similar to the original English version. The validation of the Living Condition Index Modified (LCIM), deprivation index was performed on the sample of 347 houses. Multivariate analysis shows that the self reported morbidity is related to different sociodemographic and environmental factors, the area of residency having minor influence, the quality of life of women as well as their health was less than those of men, whatever was their age. The results of the study show that the use of simple and robust instruments of evaluation on populations is an essential prerequisite to elaborate health programs, particularly in countries in an epidemiological transition like Lebanon
Ndoye, Abdoul Aziz Junior. "Essays on the econometrics of inequality and poverty measurements". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1125.
Texto completoThis dissertation consists of four essays on the econometrics of inequality and poverty measurement. It provides a statistical analysis based on probabilistic models, finite mixture distributions and quantile regression models, all using aBayesian approach.Chapter 2 models income distribution using a mixture of lognormal densities. Using the analytical expression of inequality indices, it shows how a Rao-Blackwellised Gibbs sampler can lead to accurate inference on income inequality measurements even in small samples.Chapter 3 develops Bayesian inference for the unconditional quantile regression model based on the Re-centered Influence Function (RIF). It models the considered distribution by a mixture of lognormal densities and then provides conditional posterior densities for the quantile regression parameters. This approach is perceived to provide better estimates in the extreme quantiles in the presence of heavy tails as well as valid small sample confidence intervalsfor the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition.Chapter 4 provides Bayesian inference for a mixture of two Pareto distributions which is then used to approximate the upper tail of a wage distribution. This mixture model is applied to the data from the CPS ORG to analyze the recent structure of top wages in the U.S. from 1992 through 2009. Findings are largely in accordance with the explanations combining the model of superstars and the model of tournaments in hierarchical organization structures. Chapter 5 makes use of the RIF-regression to measure both changes in the return to education across quantiles and rural urban inequality decomposition in consumption expenditure in Senegal
Ayadi-Hajji, Habiba. "Outils de gestion de la pollution phytosanitaire diffuse au niveau d'un territoire : cas d'application zone humide Ramsar de la Merja Zerga au Maroc". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978747.
Texto completoN'Djambara, Mahamondou. "Que veut dire Richesse ? Du Travail, de l’Argent, du Don et du Vivre Ensemble à Bokokopé (Togo) : une analyse des politiques et pratiques de développement à partir des institutions". Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL12006/document.
Texto completo"Eyu", the Human, is born rich, the society impoverishes him by means of the institutions which establish the categories of thought and rules on which the individuals learn to think and act. In Bokokopé in Togo, migrants of the so-called kabyè ethnic group benefit from development projects. The purpose of these projects is to increase the income of these peasants, guaranteeing an improvement of living conditions and well-being. But the different stakeholders of this process do not share this style of thought which links well-being to income. Therefore, many difficulties to adopt indicators appear during different evaluations. The main tool of the technicians of development is the Logical Framework. Any unmeasurable and non-logical action is almost excluded. That's how, when Hazou decides, for instance, to sell his goat 'at a loss ' but giving proof that he ' won in friendship ', it provokes questioning. Why does it resist the counting of profitability, the inevitable means to ameliorate its income? This reticence to calculate everything, to quantify everything and to the marketization of all can be understood by referring to the perception of the world that the participants have in Bokokopé as well as of the relationship which they maintain with work (job) and money while living a Community lifestyle. Their actions are determined by several ways of thinking which fluctuate between the logic of the trade world carried principally by certain developmental organizations, and alternately nonprofit principles, in most cases, myths or rituals to which the members of the community adhere
Lrhoul, Hanae. "La production scientifique des chercheurs de la faculté de médecine et de pharmacie de Casablanca : mesures, cartographie et enjeux du libre accès". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1161/document.
Texto completoOur thesis aims to establish a diagnosis of Moroccan scientific potential in the medical area and to conceptualize new devices for measurement, mapping and open access to local science.To build national research systems and ensure Morocco’s socio-economic development, university decision-makers need analytic and evaluation indicators of their scientific heritage. The main sources used to perform this analysis are the international databases "Scopus" and "Web of Science", despite their biased indexing and coverage of southern countries.This impedes the accessibility and visibility of Moroccan science. A few questions then arise: is this lack of visibility due to the low presence of national journals in international databases? Is it due to the quality of Moroccan publications? Is Moroccan science locally focused, addressing themes which are not on the global agenda? Do Moroccan universities lack awareness of the contribution of open access to increasing research visibility and impact? Our case study of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca (FMPC) is based on three specific objectives: 1/ Identifying scientific production; 2/ characterizing scientific production and exploring the existence of a relationship between the indexing of publications in international databases and their visibility and 3/ evaluating the behaviors and uses of open access by researchers.The main results of our thesis are the analysis and characterization of the scientific output of the FMPC, which is highly visible on an international scale: the juxtaposition of national and international publications confirms that 70% of the FMPC’s scientific publications are integrated into international databases and that 74.21% of all articles are published in English. Furthermore, 30% of national publications cannot be excluded from bibliometric evaluation, at the risk of biasing the country's science policies.The establishment of the University’s institutional repository and of the medical journal portal makes it possible to widely disseminate FMPC researcher production and to increase its visibility and impact. Nevertheless, the results of the survey of researchers showed that the main impediment to the adoption of open access is the lack of awareness of the benefits of STIs with regards to increasing their impact and visibility. The results of the FMPC’s science mapping and the study of researcher behavior with regard to open access have allowed us to propose bases for the definition of indicators adapted to the Moroccan context
Chiodi, Vera. "Quatre essais d'économie appliquée : le cas de l'Amérique latine". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0158.
Texto completoThis thesis proposes to carry out an empirical analysis of four development topics for Iwo Latin American countries. The first chapter aims at analyzing the rationale of the monetary fragmentation in Argentina. Results show that after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity at the provincial level fiscal constraints appear to be the driving mechanism behind the emergence of these currencies. Chapter 2 analyses how the Mexican Oportunidades program will influence the economic choices of the rural poor and introduces a spatial analysis. The main contribution is to indicate that the magnitude of the impact of investments in education will be influenced by assets and location, Chapter 3 presents empirical non-parametric and parametric strategies to test for the existence of poverty traps in rural Mexico. Econometric analysis over 1997-2006 reveals significant nonlinearity in the dynamics of the assets holdings at the household level. We find evidence of a threshold effect although some observations may apply. Finally, using the same panel data of rural households in Mexico, chapter 4 studies the link between migration, remittances and productive assets accumulation. The main contribution of this chapter is to show that migration accelerates productive asset accumulation. We frame the empirical results within a two period model of investment and migration decisions
N'Djambara, Mahamondou. "Que veut dire richesse ? Du Travail, de l'Argent, du Don et du Vivre Ensemble à Bokokopé (Togo). Une analyse des politiques et pratiques de développement à partir des institutions". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01010978.
Texto completoForouheshfar, Yeganeh. "Financial sector development, economic growth and demography in MENA region". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED037/document.
Texto completoThis thesis studies the impact of the financial markets on economic growth for MENA region. The first chapter presents a general overview of the region, with a focus on economic, demographic and financial market outlook of the region. In the second chapter an overlapping generation model is presented, that links economic development, financial markets and demographic shift. The model is simulated for three countries in the region with different speeds in demographic shift. The results show that a more efficient financial sector leads to better economic performance and higher employment rates, furthermore, youth are the primary beneficiaries of the reform in the financial sector. The third chapter tests empirically the link between the financial sector and the real sector in 15 MENA countries and finds a negative impact of financial sector development on growth. These results underline the expansion of an inefficient financial sector in the region, and the urgent need to focus on policies that target the efficiency of the sector and not solely its size. A comprehensive composite index for the financial sector development is developed in the fourth chapter. This index is based on three pillars that are, macroeconomic environment, financial institutions and financial markets. The index takes into account the specificities of MENA countries and allows us to rank the countries in the region according to their performance in the financial sector
Martin, Marie-Claude. "Ressources individuelles et collectives et la santé des femmes au Maroc". Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17760.
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