Tesis: "Incubation"

1

Kelly, Christopher Patrick. "Incubation games". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315906.

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NÄTTERLUND, LINA y Lärkert Julia Sigerud. "Business Incubation Success in Biotechnology : How Should Bio-incubator Performance be Assessed?" Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147769.

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University business incubators (UBIs) are organizations that provide new startup companies with a support environment. However, there are split opinions on the UBIs’ contributions to the startups and the regional economy and, consequently, there are also split opinions on how to assess UBI performance. According to the resource-based view (RBV), a company’s competitive advantage results from the various resources the company has access to. The biotechnology industry is characterized by high research intensity, weak entrepreneurial and managerial skills of the entrepreneur, huge capital requirements, and long product evelopment approval processes. Previous research has showed that these characteristics imply certain challenges for new biotech ventures. In this study, these industry specific characteristic and challenges were believed to affect what constitutes successful bioincubation and how bio-incubators’ performance should be assessed. The purpose of this report is, thus, to examine how bio-incubator performance can, and should be, assessed. An existing framework for assessing UBI performance is used as a basis for performing emistructured interviews with 18 incubator managers in order to examine what performance indicators are perceived as robust for assessing bio-incubator performance. The findings show that the value contributions of bio-incubators mainly include space and network provision, support services, and coaching. The perceived value contributions, in combination with the perceived challenges, imply that it is particularly appropriate to assess bio-incubators performance in terms of Job Creation, Economy Enhancement, Access to Funds, and the Incubator Offer and Internal Environment. However, Job Creation and Economy Enhancement are closely related and are therefore suggested to be merged into a single performance indicator. Hardware and Services, on the other hand, seems to be less relevant for assessing bio-incubator performance as it depends on the incubator’s strategy. The study concludes that there are additional ways of assessing bio-incubator performance, such as shortened time to graduation, links with universities, and the flexibility of the incubator. Further research may include the entrepreneurs’ point of view or use the approach of this study to examine incubator performance in other high-technology industries.

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3

Gertner, Drew. "Unpacking incubation : factors affecting incubation processes and their effects on new venture creation". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2236.

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Despite the increasing recognition of the importance of the incubation process for new venture creation, the main focal point for scholars has been on other areas such as the outputs of incubation. Little attention has been given to unpacking how the incubation process functions and the variables associated with the incubation process. In this thesis, five important questions central to this gap in understanding are addressed: (1) how does the incubation process function?; (2) how do incubation processes differ?; (3) how does an incubator’s objectives and resources affect how the incubation process functions and influence potential new venture creation?; (4) how does an entrepreneur’s experience and background (e.g. entrepreneurial experience, industrial experience, education and family background) affect their ability to start a new venture in the context of the incubation process?; and (5) how and in what ways do the principal elements of the regional innovation system (RIS) play a role in the incubation process and influence potential new venture creation? These questions are addressed in two steps. First, key literatures on incubation, technology transfer, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship and RIS are integrated to position the study and form a conceptual framework for the investigation. Second, in-depth qualitative empirical investigations of three different incubation processes (a regional incubation process, a student incubation process, and a university incubation process) within the same RIS (the North East of the UK) are utilised to unpack these central issues and address the research questions. The thesis’ central contribution is to the incubation literature providing new insights on how the incubation process functions. By adopting an integrated approach, which includes analysing how the process is affected by the objectives and resources of the organisation offering the incubation support, the experience and background of the entrepreneur, the role of the RIS, and the process components, the empirical analysis presents key findings. The empirical analysis highlights the importance of the degree of involvement of incubator managers and the importance of using multiple selection criteria in the effective selection of incubatees to improve the likelihood of new venture creation. It was also found that the broader range of co-production modalities utilised by incubator managers who themselves had entrepreneurial experience, the more effective the business support process, and the more likely new venture creation. In relation to objectives and resources, the findings suggest that the higher degree of resources the incubation process provides to achieve its objectives, the more effective the business support process, and the more likely new venture creation. Entrepreneurial characteristics such as prior entrepreneurial experience, industrial experience, education and family background were found to positively affect the entrepreneur during the incubation process and increased the likelihood of new venture creation. In relation to the RIS, it was found that its principal elements, specifically regional organisations and actors and the socio-economic and cultural setting, play a role in the incubation process and influence potential new venture creation. It was also found that there are clear differences between different incubation process types. Five other inductively-derived constructs (e.g. risk aversion, incubator management learning, duty of care, entrepreneurial knowledge and social capital) were also found to further explain how the incubation process functions which also represents a main contribution of the study. A theoretical model of incubation is presented that better specifies the inter- relationships between the internal and external constructs relating to the form of the incubation process, the entrepreneurs themselves, and the RIS. These insights are articulated as a series of propositions to guide future research. Policy implications are also discussed to provide practitioners with the means to improve the incubation process.

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4

Kolbeinsson, Jóhann Bjarni. "Crisis Incubation: A New Phenomenon? : A comparative study". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227088.

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The aim of this study is to examine incubators which were formed by Innovation Center Iceland right after the financial crisis hit in 2008. The question is whether a new concept can be defined, or a new phenomenon, called “crisis incubation”. This is a concept that has not been studied before. This research is carried out by comparing the incubators formed in Iceland with incubators in six other European countries before the crisis hit, and see if there are any differences between the entrepreneurial processes. According to the study, the main differences between traditional incubators and crisis incubators are the following: Access to crisis incubators is much easier, incubatees within crisis incubators are much less likely to experience problems after they have entered the incubators, and they are much more likely to solve problems they experience. The only problem that incubatees in a crisis incubator are more likely to experience is obtaining finance. The study also finds some similarities between traditional incubators and crisis incubators. Overall, the main results strongly indicate that the differences between the two concepts are so great, that a new phenomenon can be defined, although further research is needed.

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5

O'Neal, Thomas. "ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY INCUBATOR PRACTICES ON CLIENT PERFORMANCE". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2618.

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This research is designed to distinguish and describe or explain incubator practices that affect the performance of incubator clients of university technology incubator programs. The research focuses on understanding which practices significantly contribute to increasing job creation for the firms located in university based technology incubators. An increasing number of communities are embracing economic development strategies that target the high tech sector with high wage, high value jobs as a way to diversify their economies and boost local and regional economies. New economic development strategies include the notion of a creation strategy or "growing your own" instead of relying on recruiting of existing companies from other regions. In 1999-2000 (according to the most recent data), small businesses created three-quarters of U.S. net new jobs (2.5 million of the 3.4 million total). The small business percentage varies from year to year and reflects economic trends. Over the decade of the 1990s, small business net job creation fluctuated between 60 and 80 percent. Moreover, according to a Bureau of the Census working paper, start-ups in the first two years of operation accounted for virtually all of the net new jobs in the economy. The study is broken into three parts: (1) a review of the literature on incubation, focusing on its history, best practices, technology incubation, networking theory, and previous empirical studies (2) a review of previous data collected in a recent national survey and (3) case studies of the top performing incubators in the country based on employment growth of client firms contracted with case studies from non-top ten programs. The literature suggests that the study of incubation must be considered in the context of a larger enterprise development system of which the incubator will fill gaps in the larger regional enterprise development system. This notion is explored. In general, there is a great need for more empirical research into best practice of incubation. It is a non trivial task however as the nature of the industry limits the ability to obtain traditional, statistically defendable, measures.
Ph.D.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems

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6

Shoji, Akiko. "Incubation strategy in marine birds". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28466.

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The incubation shift length of the Ancient Murrelet ( Synthliboramphus antiquus), an exceptionally long and varied for an auk. I studied colonies of this species at East Limestone Island (1993-1995, 2002-2003: data collected by Laskeek Bay Conservation Society) and Reef Island (2007-2008), Haida Gwaii, British Columbia. Incubation shift length was correlated between pair members and my results show that maintaining incubation schedule was an essential component of reproductive success. Incubation shift length varied in response to prevailing local weather and sea conditions (e.g. wind speed, wave height), perhaps as a consequence of reduced foraging efficiency. Incubation shift length was longer in years when sea surface temperature in April was high. In years with longer shift, birds had lower reproductive success and chicks departed the nest with a lower body mass. My results explained if we assume that multi-day incubation shifts in Ancient Murrelets are the adaptively preferred strategy, through reduction in predation risk, but that actual shift lengths are modified by immediate weather and foraging constraints.

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7

Robertson, Christopher Cole. "Spatial Incubation of Intuitive Mitigation". Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/robertson/RobertsonC1207.pdf.

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The sound of fingers tapping against stone resonates through the quiet coffee shop as local help bangs, stirs, and presents a double tall frothed mocha. The customer grabs the large cup of caffeine as though shot out of a cannon screaming toward the door barely hesitating at the brass handle, and in an instant is in a conversation with an executive across the country. Culture today seems to act in a similar fashion to the "Flash" coffee consumer. We should wonder what might have happened had the consumer stopped to enjoy the moment, maybe participated in a balancing game while walking across the tile floor. Perhaps sentient memories would conjure up past childhood experiences that inevitably would turn the corners of the mouth up into a half smile? Instead, the rigorous life we all live in today has taken hold. With the importance of time weighing on the mind, and the latest technology calling for attention out from our coat pockets, no wonder for the rush! It is not just time and technology that cause us to act this way. In this rush the consumer has also overlooked the changing patterns of life that occur during each season. For example, without even acknowledging an innate awareness for change, drink ordering went from iced to warm with a particularly cold fall day. Changes are occurring rapidly, yet some of us still are not aware. We should be aware current trends in music , film, and "texting" are changing our culture.. Also, an overabundance of access to information adds another dimension by speeding up the rate at which each change occurs. While we accelerate through our lives using tooling technologies like cell phones, and computers, and information becomes over abundant, a growing disconnection is occurring between the engagement of our internal intuitions and the external environment. [To combat urgency, we should introduce incubative spaces that explore intuitive mitigation of our current total environment]

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8

Reid, Jane Margaret. "Resource allocation during avian incubation". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392460.

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9

Gorman, Helen Elizabeth. "Maternal effects in avian incubation". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398670.

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10

Niklison, Alina Maria. "INFLUENCE OF EMBRYONIC METABOLIC RATE AND INCUBATION TEMPERATURE ON INCUBATION LENGTH VARIATION IN NEOTROPICAL PASSERINES". The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12212007-143823/.

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Variation in embryonic developmental periods influences fitness, but causes of interspecific variation are poorly understood. Allometry, for example, does not explain variation in incubation periods among neotropical passerines. Incubation temperature can explain some variation in developmental periods, but substantial variation remains unexplained. Here we examine two previously untested alternatives. Adult metabolic rates differ among species and similar differences among embryos may explain some variation in embryonic development rates; higher metabolism may allow faster cellular proliferation. Alternatively, metabolic rates are temperature dependent, and metabolic rates might respond differentially to temperature among species and compensate for differing incubation temperatures. These alternatives are untested across any taxa. Therefore, we examined them in tropical Venezuela by measuring embryonic metabolism at four temperatures in 15 passerine species with incubation periods ranging from 12 to 27 days. Embryonic metabolic rates responses to temperature were different among species even at constant embryonic age. Furthermore, species with lower average daily incubation temperature are less sensitive to changes in temperature than species with higher average incubation temperatures. Differences in embryonic mass specific metabolic rate among species explained a significant amount of variation in incubation periods after correcting for incubation temperature. Thus, differences in the rate of living as manifested through metabolism can influence developmental trajectories and deserve greater attention.

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11

Petersen, Winifred. "Developing an incubation strategy for Oudtshoorn". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1385.

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Business incubators, as recognised in their contemporary form, have a history dating back to the 1970s in the United Kingdom and the USA. South Africa is no stranger to this concept of business incubation either: Since the 1980s the Small Business Development Corporation (SBDC) operated business “hives” as clusters of small enterprises. Business incubators are support facilities that empower and stimulate small-entrepreneurial businesses – from the financially vulnerable start-up period, until the time that the fledgling company is ready to operate more autonomously. Business incubators provide, as part of their services, affordable space, financial-management services, sound business advice and other development services. Incubation stimulates the development of small-entrepreneurial businesses and, to this end, helps stimulate the economy. Thus, for South Africa to invest in the development of small growing businesses, is to invest directly in its larger economy and to address its own development challenges like employment-creation, income-generation and the alleviation of poverty. It is in this context that this study discusses the development challenges of one of the rural areas in South Africa, Oudtshoorn, and aims to provide a viable strategy of business incubation for this area, in anticipation that in future lessons can be drawn from this and applied to other rural areas. Oudtshoorn is a town in the Klein Karoo, in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The strongest sectors in Oudtshoorn’s economy are agriculture and tourism. These two sectors should provide the basis for an empowering business incubator to strengthen and enhance smaller businesses in the town. The study focuses on the development challenges of South Africa and, in particular, a rural town such as Oudtshoorn, the importance of investing in small entrepreneurial businesses so as to strengthen the country’s economy. the nature an significance of a business-incubation strategy for the Oudtshoorn area. Background literature on South Africa’s development challenges was collated as well as information gathered on small-business support and incubation in particular. Literature was retrieved from local institutions as well as national and international sources. Case studies of incubators in South Africa and in other countries were included to enhance the understanding of the importance of business incubation. In addition, the researcher’s close networks with the Oudtshoorn municipality, the local Red Door office and the different role-players in the small-business support sphere allowed for an in-depth assessment of support for such an incubation project and the critical obstacles it may encounter en route.

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12

Rosell, R. S. "Incubation of crustacean eggs in vitro". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377136.

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13

Barrie, Amy. "Time-lapse systems : incubation and annotation". Thesis, Edge Hill University, 2017. http://repository.edgehill.ac.uk/9940/.

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Time-lapse system(s) (TLS) have, potentially, two benefits over standard incubation systems; an undisturbed culture environment and an enormous volume of images of the embryos within them. The current research aimed to determine if a TLS could provide a comparably stable culture environment compared to a standard incubator measured as pH, osmolality and treatment success rates. Second, the hypothesis that patient, treatment and environment specific embryo selection algorithms (ESAs) are required to improve the efficacy of a TLS as an embryo assessment tool was tested. A TLS was shown to provide a comparably stable environment when compared to a standard incubator in terms of pH and osmolality. In addition, using a strict matched-pair design, embryos cultured in a TLS resulted in a significantly higher implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. It was also concluded that, of six published ESAs, none performed with clinically relevant predictive capabilities when applied to the same cohort of known implantation embryos. Owing to this, the identification of five abnormal division events as significantly reducing an embryos implantation potential was performed providing an easily adopted, clinically relevant means to deselect embryos cultured in a TLS. A regression analysis found a number of treatment and patient parameters having a significant effect on crucial morphokinetic parameters, although no systemic effect was observed. Finally, an interim analysis of a sibling oocyte study of three, commercially available culture media revealed significant differences in the time of embryo compaction as well as embryo quality and utilisation. Together, these results highlight that a TLS provides a stable culture environment and leads to increased implantation, clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. It is also likely that the patient, treatment type and environment can significantly alter an embryos morphokinetic profile and specific ESAs are required to unlock the true potential of time-lapse technology.

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14

Li, Tong. "Micromechanical Simulation for Fatigue Damage Incubation". DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/940.

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Micromechanical simulations are conducted to quantify the influence of microstructure attributes to the formation of small fatigue cracks. Three wrought aluminum alloys (7075-T651, 2024-T3, virtual material) with fractured particle are studied to quantify the influence of material’s yield strength and ultimate strength to material’s fatigue resistance. Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) material with pores of various spatial distribution and particles are simulated for the microplasticity and its effects on fatigue incubation. A cohesive zone model is used to study the interface cohesive behavior’s influence to the cyclic driving mechanisms. Different simulations based on different interfacial crack geometries and particle shapes are studied. A cohesive law with unloading-reloading cyclic behavior is introduced. A damage factor D is proposed to study the possibility of interfacial crack propagation. With this factor, plastic wake zone behind the debonding is studied.

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15

Hope, Sydney Frances. "Consequences of avian parental incubation behavior for within-clutch variance in incubation temperature and offspring behavioral phenotypes". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104144.

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Parents can have large effects on their offspring by influencing the early developmental environment. In birds, a major way that parents can influence the early developmental environment is through egg incubation. Not only is incubation necessary for hatching success, but small changes of <1C in average incubation temperature have large effects on post-hatch offspring morphology and physiology. However, incubation is energetically costly and time-consuming for parents, and thus parents must allocate resources between incubation and self-maintenance. This can lead to differences in parental incubation behavior and egg temperatures among and within populations. Understanding which factors influence incubation, and the subsequent effects for offspring, is crucial for understanding parental effects, non-genetic drivers of phenotypic variation, and how environmental changes affect avian populations. I used wood ducks (Aix sponsa) as a study species to investigate how factors (disturbance, clutch size, ambient temperature) that influence parental demands may affect parental incubation behavior, physiology, and egg temperatures, and subsequently how egg temperatures affect offspring behavior and physiology. In a field experiment, I found that nest disturbance (i.e., capture) reduced both parent prolactin concentrations and the amount of time that parents spent incubating (Chapter 1). Further, ambient temperature was positively and clutch size negatively related to egg temperatures. Notably, in large clutches, differences in average incubation temperature among eggs within nests were large enough (i.e., >1C) to lead to different offspring phenotypes within broods (Chapter 2). Then, in a series of experiments in which I controlled incubation temperature, I provided evidence that lower average incubation temperatures lead to a reduced ability of ducklings to exit the nest cavity (Chapter 3), a more proactive behavioral phenotype (Chapter 4), a smaller body size, and a reduced efficiency in food consumption (Chapter 5), compared to those incubated at higher temperatures. Together, my dissertation illustrates how disturbances, clutch size, and ambient temperature can influence an important aspect of avian parental care, which has wide-ranging effects on offspring traits and fitness. This has broad implications for understanding the evolution of clutch size, development of behavior, and the effects of anthropogenic changes on wildlife.
Doctor of Philosophy
Animal parents can have large effects on the development of their offspring. In birds, an important way that parents affect their offspring is through incubation, where parents physically warm their eggs to stimulate embryo development. Eggs must be incubated in order to hatch, but recent research has shown that small changes (<1C/2F) in average incubation temperature have major consequences for the quality (e.g., size, ability to thermoregulate) of offspring after they hatch. However, parents must balance how they spend their time and energy between incubation and other important activities (e.g., eating, avoiding predators), and thus incubation behavior and temperature can vary among birds. Understanding which factors affect incubation, and the consequences of altered incubation temperatures for the offspring, will help us to better understand how animals care for their offspring and how environmental changes may influence offspring development. I investigated how human disturbance, environmental temperature, and the number of eggs in the nest influenced parental incubation behavior and egg temperatures, and subsequently how egg temperatures affected offspring behaviors. By studying wood ducks (Aix sponsa) in the wild, I found that parents spent less time incubating after a human disturbance (i.e., capture) than before (Chapter 1), egg temperatures increased as environmental temperatures increased, and egg temperatures decreased as the number of eggs in the nest increased (Chapter 2). Further, in nests with many eggs (>12), some eggs experienced much lower average incubation temperatures (>1C/2F difference) than others in the same nest (Chapter 2). Then, by studying wood duck ducklings in an aviary, I found that ducklings incubated at lower temperatures were less successful at exiting a nest (Chapter 3), exhibited bolder and more exploratory behaviors (Chapter 4), were smaller, and consumed less food (Chapter 5), than those incubated at a higher temperature. Together, my dissertation shows that the number of eggs in a nest, environmental temperatures, and human disturbances can influence parental behaviors, which then affect offspring. This has broad implications for understanding why birds lay the number of eggs that they do, how animal behaviors develop, and how environmental changes (including those caused by humans) can affect wildlife.

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16

Kohn, Nicholas William. "An examination of the mechanisms of incubation". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4964.

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Several hypotheses have been offered to explain the mechanisms involved in incubation, the phenomenon in which resolution of a problem benefits more from interruption than continuous solution attempts. The predictions of three hypotheses were tested by varying the level of attention demanded by an incubation task. It was found that a task that requires a moderate amount of attention leads to the greatest resolution of the problem during distraction and incubation intervals. This result supports the Withdrawal of Attention hypothesis of incubation and is inconsistent with the predictions of the Incremental Work and Forgetting Fixation hypotheses.

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17

Torrance-Perks, Julie. "The incubation effect, implications for underlying mechanisms". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21391.pdf.

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18

Kim, Miran. "Eggs, incubation and hatching asynchrony in gulls". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/526/.

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Birds can influence the embryonic development through incubation behaviour because avian embryos develop using parent’s body heat. Although previous studies assumed that incubation behaviour influences hatching patterns, few studies have studied the effect of incubation behaviour during egg-laying and early incubation on hatching patterns due to difficulties to determine onset of incubation during egg-laying. I investigated whether incubation behaviour during egg-laying and early incubation affects hatching patterns in gulls using measurements of mean nest attendance and daily change of nest attendance. Hatching patterns were influenced by incubation behaviour during egg-laying and early incubation behaviour. As parents spent more time in their nests, a brood hatched more synchronously and hatching success of the first-laid eggs increased when gulls laid relatively smaller first-laid eggs than other pairs. Within-clutch variation in eggshell colour related to daily change of incubation behaviour. This might relate to hormonal change during egg-laying. Increase of prolactin initiates incubation and accompanies decline of steroid hormones which relate to accumulation of eggshell pigments. Hatching patterns may also be influenced by accelerated development of last-laid eggs. When eggs were swapped to increase interval between eggs, last-laid eggs of herring gulls accelerated their development to catch up. Accelerated development may increase the survival of chicks from last-laid eggs by reducing the disadvantage of small size within a clutch. However, the costs of accelerated development seem to appear during the embryonic period. Hatching success was low in eggs with accelerated development, although there were no differences in growth rate and early nestling survival between accelerated and control last-laid eggs. Eggshell characteristics might be a factor affecting hatching patterns because they are related to embryonic metabolism. Hatching duration was not related to eggshell thickness and total functional area, but chicks which hatched from eggs with higher proportion of mammilllary cone contact area took longer to hatch. Chicks hatched from thicker eggshells showed longer “head plus bill” at hatching and grew faster in skeleton size after hatching. Diet during egg-laying and early incubation affected nest attendance. Females which consumed more marine food during egg formation had lower nest attendance during egg-laying and early incubation. This may relate to longer foraging time required to obtain marine food. In conclusion, this thesis suggests that parents can influence hatching patterns by altering incubation behaviour during egg-laying and early incubation and hatching patterns also may be affected by accelerated development of last-laid eggs, diet during egg-laying and early incubation and eggshell characteristics (proportion of mammillary cone contact area).

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19

Mugadza, Nyasha Olivia Valerie (Mukome). "Entrepreneurial opportunity incubation : a micro-process view". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79764.

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The ability of entrepreneurs to incubate new venture opportunity remains an under-researched area of entrepreneurship studies. When engaged actors are motivated to pursue such activity venturing action is invigorated. This bridges the gap between believing in an idea and developing personal capacity to translate that belief into viable venturing. However, it has remained unclear how successful entrepreneurs have navigated this complex phase. This study therefore advances empirical insight into the iterative character of new venture opportunity incubation as enacted by seasoned entrepreneurs. Building on existing scholarship the study promotes a lived experience-led conceptualisation of key constructs and their relationships. Longitudinal data gathering from purposively selected case studies enabled the capture of qualitative data. Computer aided data analysis and coding (CADAC) revealed underling themes, thus illuminating meaningful pattern recognition. Deductive analysis of cross sectional interview data substantiated findings. Triangulation analysis revealed the activities, cognitions and behaviours which characterise opportunity incubation, as the subjects converted ideas into new venture concepts. These findings contribute to existing knowledge at a theoretical level: firstly, by identifying and describing the micro-processes that constitute new venture opportunity incubation. Secondly, the granular level of activation that the study accessed, revealed entrepreneurs’ cognitive and behavioural competencies in driving enactment. Finally, the study identified the venture concept artefacts that seasoned entrepreneurs’ prioritise when shaping new venture concepts.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
DPhil
Unrestricted

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20

Eick, Stephen R. "Brazil incubation and its economic growth implications". View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-3/rp/eicks/stepheneick.pdf.

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21

Sio, UtNa. "The mechanisms underlying incubation in problem solving". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547977.

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22

Fourie, Pierre. "The benefits of self-sustaining business incubation". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52385.

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Small to medium enterprises (SMEs) are key contributors to economic growth, and business incubation is widely acknowledged as a mechanism for improving the survivorship and growth of newly formed SMEs. Persistently poor performance over recent years by the SME sector has, however, drawn into question whether prevailing models of business incubation continue to be effective in creating a fertile entrepreneurship-enablement environment. The predominantly non-profit orientated nature of business incubators may have become out of tune with the principles of commercial viability that they preach, and a change towards more self-sustaining business incubation may be required. A qualitative research study was carried out with decision makers in the incubation environment, using a questionnaire that elicited indicators of self-sustainability, internal and external challenges, funding sources and challenges relating to the distribution of institutional funding. This research found that profit and non-profit business incubators alike are evolving their business models to incorporate revenue-generating activities as a means to minimise the volatility of institutional sources of funding. The ineffective distribution of institutional funding and the ever-changing policies that govern funding allocations are also necessitating higher levels of self-sustainability among incubators. A model was derived to explain the interplay between different categories of business incubation and the changing role and benefits of self-sustainability across these categories.
Mini-disseration (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
nk2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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23

Tong, Qin. "Optimising incubation of broiler eggs using external stimuli". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.701661.

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24

Hill, Davina Louise. "Sexual conflict and division of labour during incubation". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2009. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1688/.

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Individuals have limited time and energy and so they face a trade-off between the resources they allocate to parental, mating and self-maintenance activities and between care of current and future offspring. Within a biparental system, models predict that an individual will do better if it can reduce its own level of investment and rely on its partner to compensate, but that the partner should not compensate completely or it will be exploited. The costs and benefits of care can differ between males and females, leading to sex-specific differences in optimum resource allocation to a given breeding attempt. Sexual conflict can occur over evolutionary or ecological time, as predicted by ‘sealed bid’ and ‘negotiation’ models of parental investment, respectively. While researchers have traditionally used handicapping or mate removal to induce variation in paternal effort and then measure the female response, I achieved this by carrying out two experiments in which I separately manipulated (a) paternal certainty and (b) male extra-pair copulation (EPC) opportunity during incubation in a biparentally incubating passerine, the Zebra Finch, Taeniopygia guttata. Both experiments were based on a ‘crossover design’, which took place over two breeding attempts: in the first attempt half the pairs experienced a treatment (i.e. reduced paternal certainty or increased male EPC opportunities, depending on the experiment) while the remaining pairs were control; in the second breeding attempt the type of treatment was switched between groups. This allowed me to explore the effects of previous events on current effort. I also statistically controlled for male attractiveness, based on association times obtained from mate choice trials, as this varies between males, and females may respond differently to it. In the first round of the experiments, when all subjects lacked breeding experience, treatment males reduced incubation effort relative to controls. However, when the treatments were switched, males continued to invest the same level of effort that they had shown previously, which suggests that individuals may use early life experiences to shape their later responses. Males and females responded to each other’s contributions over ecological time, and control and treatment pairs negotiated different patterns of effort. Contrary to predictions of most game theoretic models, treatment females compensated fully for the reduction in partner effort. Since there can be a trade-off in investment between reproductive stages and attempts, I tested whether compensating females showed reduced reproductive output in a subsequent breeding attempt. In the second attempt, clutch size was negatively related to the amount of time spent incubating the first clutch in females that had previously fledged a large brood. I also found that the number of offspring surviving to maturity increased with total incubation attentiveness. Together, these findings suggest that incubation attentiveness is an appropriate proxy for parental investment since it enhances offspring survival at a cost to the mother’s future fitness. Incubation effort can be measured in terms of temperature as well as time, and the sexes may differ in the quality of the incubation they provide for a given unit of time. In the Zebra Finch, the female alone possesses a brood patch, a bare area of thickened, loose ventral skin which facilitates heat transfer from parent to egg. I examined sex differences in incubation ability by comparing the ventral surface temperature of incubating males and females using infra-red thermography (IRT) under standard incubation conditions and also under more challenging conditions where the energetic costs of incubation had been experimentally increased by a clutch size manipulation. The ventral surface was warmer in females than males under standard conditions, and ventral temperature was higher than baseline body temperature in females but not males. Moreover, females increased ventral temperature after the clutch enlargement, whereas males showed no response. These results suggest that the sexes differ in their ability or willingness to incubate, presumably due to sex differences in parental certainty or mate availability. Since the female has a warmer ventral surface and spends more time incubating than the male, I predicted that she would be able to re-warm cool eggs more quickly and incubate eggs to a higher temperature. I used IRT to measure egg surface temperature and a temperature probe inside a dummy egg to measure rates of re-warming. Following the clutch size enlargement, the variance in egg temperature increased with clutch size more rapidly in males than in females, but no sex differences were otherwise detected in clutch surface temperature or rate of re-warming. This suggests that there are differences in the quality of incubation provided by males and females for a given contribution of time, but that these are subtle. In conclusion, variation in male and female incubation effort can be influenced by paternal certainty, male EPC opportunity, clutch size and the partner’s behaviour and these effects can be observed over ecological time. The flexibility of an individual’s response depended on the type of cue and the stage in an individual’s reproductive life that the cue was presented. Variation in parental effort can influence offspring fitness, and females that invest more effort in one breeding attempt may be unable or unwilling to do so in a subsequent attempt. Male and female parents can differ in their abilities to care and this can lead to differences in the amount and quality of care provided.

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25

Yoo, Sung Ae. "An analysis of incubation effects in problem solving using a computer-administered assessment tool". Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2741.

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Chandler, Leonard Mark. "Business incubation in the Eastern Cape: a case study". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020862.

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Business incubation is a concept that describes a business development process that is used to grow successful, sustainable entrepreneurial ventures that will contribute to the health and wealth of local, regional and national economies. Incubators provide a place for businesses to build their foundations. Business incubators use a combination of physical space, resources and services to facilitate and develop businesses, enhance their progress, break down barriers to success, reduce risks and increase the potential for successful survival of early stage ventures., their progress, break down barriers to success, reduce risks and increase the potential for successful survival of early stage ventures. Business incubators are part of a larger value chain that connects enterprises to a vital support system. Most incubators connect their clients to local service providers (such as lawyers, corporate service providers or accountants) and establish relationships that will last after the firm leaves the incubator. Once an enterprise is ready to leave the incubator environment, it will need space to move into, which in turn, boosts property development and leasing. Because of the enhanced credibility of the business incubation process, landlords would be more confident as a stable, growing business can be a reliable tenant. The empirical object of the study is the Seda NMB ICT Incubator in Port Elizabeth. Eastern Cape. Like any other business an incubator is created to deliver a service or product for as long as possible and in this process must create value because the ultimate objective of any profit seeking business is to create wealth for its owners with due consideration of all its stakeholders (Brigham & Ehrhardt 2005:7-12). A preliminary investigation of the Seda NMB ICT Incubator raised the question whether the operation of this incubator meets the performance standards as identified in the international literature. The purpose of this study is therefore to establish whether the performance of the Seda NMB ICT Incubator is in line with generally accepted performance standards. At this stage the standards can be identified as a strategic alliance of the business (vision, mission and strategy), financing principles, management principles and human resource development and growth opportunities. The SEDA NMB ICT Incubator is financed as follows: Partly by the Department of Trade and Industry (the SEDA technology programme) and partly by the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality. It is recommended that public/private partnerships should be formed to ensure the continuity of the Port Elizabeth incubator. A second recommendation is that the SEDA NMB Incubator becomes more focussed in terms of its clients it is serving. At present it is serving a wide variety of ICT clients ranging from website design, graphic art to preparing business plans for ICT businesses. The period of incubation may be too extended as some incubatees have been on the premises for more than five years. It is recommended that the SEDA NMB Incubator pays attention to the length of stay of an incubatee. The vast majority of the incubatees on the SEDA NMB Incubator premises are not compliant with business acts and regulations. Seven incubatees reported during the personal interview that they were not compliant with all the acts and regulations.

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27

Du, Preez J. H. "The effect of different incubation temperatures on chick quality". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1013.

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ANCEL, ANDRE. "L'oeuf de pintade (numida meleagris l. ) et son incubation". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13107.

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Blackburne, Giles David. "Business incubation as a method of foreign market entry". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8537/.

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Despite international business incubators becoming more widespread in recent years, knowledge about the role they can play in helping a firm to enter a foreign market is limited. Drawing upon interviews with 47 managers from 24 firms and organisations that have used an international business incubator operated in China by UK export promotion organisation the China-Britain Business Council, this research finds that the low risk, high control environment offered by business incubation can reduce the overall cost of commitment for entering a foreign market and thereby trigger a firm’s decision to enter it when such a move would otherwise be considered too risky or costly. Furthermore, during the business incubation process, the firm is able to benefit from an infusion of foreign market knowledge, network expansion and business development support, which provides it with the confidence to exit the business incubator and make a full market commitment of its own. In doing so, business incubation can the reduce the liabilities of foreignness experienced by the firm, and give rise to an accelerated, low risk and controlled foreign market entry process. These findings extend theory from the international business studies literature into the domain of business incubation. They also extend and apply theory from the business incubation literature (until now concerned with company growth and development in home markets) to the internationalization of the firm. The findings are particularly relevant for SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) seeking ways to overcome the fears and challenges of entering into promising but ‘difficult’ emerging markets, such as China. The findings also have implications for policy makers seeking effective methods to support the international business and trade activities of firms and organisations.

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30

Lish, Alan David. "Antecedents of business incubator effectiveness: an exploratory study". NSUWorks, 2012. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/64.

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The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model based which examines the influence of various antecedents of the business incubation process. The conceptualized model will be tested empirically using data collected from North American business incubators. The data used are from the National Business Incubator Association's State of the Industry survey. The Partial Least Squares method of analysis is used to explore the identified antecedents, and is used to test validate the model. While a number of resources were identified as components of the incubation process and are considered antecedents of incubator effectiveness (e.g., social networking, access to funding, training, manager/staff intervention), the findings indicate the network of professional services (e.g., legal, marketing, MIS advice) assembled in and around the incubator have the most significant impact on incubator effectiveness. Other resources, such as training, links and management resources, can have an impact, but only insofar as they relate to the professional services resources. The application and screening process were confirmed as essential to find clients that have the proper "fit" within an incubator. The findings indicate that the physical and age characteristics of an incubator are not factors in effectiveness, nor is the networking activities among incubator clients, lending support to a burgeoning class of virtual incubators, accelerators and innovation centers. The results support resource-advantage theory as a foundation theory in the incubation process, and give researchers a basis for future work in this area. The study helps fill gaps in academic research on incubators, and confirms previously theorized work on the process of incubation. In practice, incubator managers and stakeholders can use these results to assemble the particular resources they need for their type of incubator, and more effectively select potential clients based on those resources. This should allow a smoother, more even flow through the incubator, a better use of scarce and valuable resources, and likely higher graduation rates. This study is the first empirical analysis of the incubation process to arrive at a statistically-validated model of business incubation.

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Alvarado, Mora Leonardo. "Processo de incubação artificial de ovos : desenvolvimento de sistemas de medição de temperatura e massa". [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256983.

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Orientador: Nelson Luis Cappelli
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T05:24:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlvaradoMora_Leonardo_M.pdf: 7314728 bytes, checksum: da3e081b1a33326f3ba964a8ccdd55ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: O aumento na demanda da produção de avicultura de corte no Brasil faz que seja necessário o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias que melhorem a operacionalidade das máquinas incubadoras. Na atualidade existem problemas no controle de variáveis físicas no espaço confinado das incubadoras que impedem maximizar a eclosão dos ovos e afetam o desempenho do pintainho pós-eclosão. Dois destas variáveis que são tema de estudo neste trabalho são a temperatura do embrião e a perda de massa do ovo, as quais são determinantes em todo o processo pois afetam as taxas de bicagem interna e de nascimentos com sucesso. Não existem dispositivos que quantifiquem estes fatores, causando o seu desconhecimento dentro das incubadoras. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um sistema de medição de temperatura por sensores com contato, comparando o seu funcionamento com um sensor sem contato (Infravermelho), utilizado em medições preliminares dentro das máquinas. Foi também desenvolvido um sistema de medição de peso para quantificar a perda de massa do ovo. Para a medição da temperatura com contato foi desenvolvido um dispositivo com cinco sensores tipo circuito integrado previamente calibrados, dos quais, três foram dispostos em contato com a casca do ovo, e dois foram posicionados a 10mm da casca para medir a temperatura ambiente. Como temperatura de referência foi assumida a registrada dentro de um ovo instrumentado com três sensores tipo circuito integrado. Com o fim de simular o ambiente interno da incubadora, o ovo instrumentado, o sensor com contato e o sensor sem contato foram posicionados em um duto de ar construído em madeira de média densidade (MDF). Neste local, foram simuladas duas condições do processo de incubação: no inicio quando é preciso fornecer calor por parte da máquina para aquecer o ovo e no final quando devido à máxima produção de calor do embrião, a máquina resfria o ovo; verificando-se nas duas situações a exatidão e a influência da velocidade do ar nas leituras de temperatura dos sensores. Para a medição da massa foram usados quatro sensores de força extensométricos fixados a uma subestrutura de uma prateleira que faz parte de uma máquina de incubação de estágio único. Realizou-se a calibração estática na capacidade nominal e na faixa de utilização do sistema, com cargas de ovos colocados em duas bandejas de incubação com a finalidade de obter as principais características estáticas e a equação de calibração. Verificou-se também a influência da viragem dos ovos nas leituras da massa. O dispositivo de medição de temperatura com contato registrou maior exatidão nas leituras das duas condições simuladas. A menor exatidão deste dispositivo apresentou-se no resfriamento do ovo, chegando próximo de 96% do valor de referência; sendo esta diminuição conseqüência direta da alteração da temperatura ambiente. A velocidade do ar não influenciou nas leituras de nenhum dos sistemas de medição de temperatura. O sensor sem contato devido ao menor tempo de resposta, registrou leituras menos exatas. Em condições de regime permanente o sensor sem contato registra 3ºC de erro respeito ao valor de referência. Na calibração do sistema de pesagem na capacidade nominal e na faixa útil, registraram-se baixos valores de histerese, não linearidade e repetitividade. O erro da diferença entre a massa de referência e a massa calculada diminuiu na faixa de utilização. A influência da viragem dos ovos foi desprezível e não interferiu na precisão das leituras do valor da massa.
Abstract: The increasing demand of the poultry farming production in Brazil requires the development of new technologies that improve the results of the incubator machines. At the present time, there are some problems in the control of physical variables of the confined space of the incubators that don't allow to maximize the hatching eggs and that affect the chick performance in farm. Two of these variables; subject of study in this work, are the temperature of the embryo and the loss of mass of the egg, which are determinant through all the process because they affect the pipping measures and the number of successful births. Unfortunately till now it does not exist an adequate device that quantifies these factors, causing ignorance about it. In this work, a temperature measurement system by sensors with contact was developed, comparing its performance with a sensor without contact (Infrared), which was used in preliminary measurements inside the incubators. It was also developed a weight measurement system to quantify the loss of mass of the egg. In order to apply the measurement of temperature with contact, it was developed a device with five integrated circuit type sensors previously calibrated, three of them were in contact with the eggshell, and two of them were placed to 10mm from the eggshell to measure the air temperature around the egg. As temperature of reference it was assumed the registered one inside an instrumented egg was manufactured with three integrated circuit type sensors. In order to simulate the internal atmosphere of the incubator, the instrumented egg, the sensor with contact and the sensor without contact were placed in a tunnel of air built in wood of medium density. In this place, two conditions of the incubation process were simulated: at the beginning when it is necessary that the machine supplies heat to heat up the egg and finally when the machine cool the egg due to the maximum production of heat of the embryo; being verified in the two situations the accuracy and the influence of the air speed in the sensors temperature recordings. For the measurement of the mass, four load cells were used; they were fit and set to a shelf substructure which belong to a part of a single-stage incubation machine. The static calibration of the system was made in the nominal capacity and the rank of use, with egg placed in two incubation trays with the purpose of obtaining the main static characteristics and the calibration equation. The influence of the eggs turning in the recordings of the mass was also verified. The device of temperature measurement with contact registered a highest accuracy in the recordings of the two simulated conditions. The smallest accuracy of this device appeared or was presented during the cooling of the egg, almost achieving a 96% from the reference value, being this decrease a direct consequence of the air temperature alteration. The air speed did not influence in the recordings of any of the temperature measurement systems. The sensor without contact registered less accuracy recordings, due to its smallest delay time. In conditions of equilibrium the sensor without contact registers 3°C of error in relation to the reference value. In the calibration of the weight system in the nominal capacity and the interval of use, low values of hysteresis were registered, there were nonlinearity and repeatability. The error of the dissimilarity between the mass of reference and the calculated mass diminished in the interval of use. The influence of the eggs turning was trivial and it did not interfere in the precision of the readings of the value of the mass.
Mestrado
Maquinas Agricolas
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola

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32

Black, Juli. "Developmental Patterns of Metabolism and Hematology in the Late Stage Chicken Embryo (Gallus Domesticus) at Two Incubation Temperatures". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6150/.

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How temperature affects physiological development in the chicken embryo is unknown. Embryos incubated at 38°C or 35°C showed no difference in growth or survival. The time to hatching was longer in 35°C than 38°C embryos (23.7 vs. 20.6 days), but unaffected was the relative timing of appearance of developmental landmarks (internal, external pipping). At stage 43-44, 38°C embryos maintained oxygen consumption around 1 mL/g/h despite acute temperature reduction (suggesting thermoregulatory maturation), unlike 35°C embryos. In 35°C embryos the lower oxygen-carrying capacity and temperature insensitive blood O2 affinity (P50 about 30 mmHg) may restrict O2 delivery to tissues, limiting metabolism during decreased ambient temperature. Reduced incubation temperature retards normal hematological and thermoregulatory development.

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33

Bwika, Racheal Musonda y Syeda Samra Munir. "Nursing the Egg : Evaluation of facilitating factors leading towards innovation through managing corporate incubation process". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66107.

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the facilitating factors that lead towards innovation through the management of corporate incubation process. Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted through utilising the multiple case study research design. The interviews were semi structured (Skype and in person) with multinational companies having corporate incubators. Number of interviews conducted were 13 in 6 companies out of 12 companies contacted. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework firstly encompasses corporate incubation process literature that relates it to innovation, followed by the description of the business incubation process and corporate incubation process and comparison between both. Lastly, the facilitating factors that are identified from theory related to general business incubation process by (Patton et al. 2009) are identified for investigation on corporate incubation process. Afterwards the proposed drivers related to each facilitating factor and literature associated with themare elaborated in order to thoroughly explain the identified facilitating factors’ impact on corporate incubation process. Findings: From the findings, innovation can be considered as the outcome of corporate incubation process. The results showed that the factors: a quality ‘pipeline’, picking the winners, developing commercialisation skills in new tenant/client companies’ team, monitoring and evaluating progress, creating synergies within the internal support network, building and maintaining an effective external support network, access to appropriate funding streams and managed exit are the facilitating factors for the management of corporate incubation process. The drivers proposed in the existing study are proven to be useful in order to explain the impact of these facilitating factors on corporate incubation process. Furthermore, it is found that out of these eight facilitating factors, having a quality pipeline is the most important factor that should be developed and improved, in order to make the corporate incubation process more efficient. Managerial implications: For managers of multinational firms, it is recommended that they should utilise the corporate incubation process in order to contribute towards organisational innovation. However, the purpose of bringing innovation should be aligned with the long term objectives of the firm. Furthermore, they should concentrate on developing a quality pipeline of ideas in the initial phase of the process, since it will reduce the chances of failure of projects at a later stage of the corporate incubation process. Limitations: Small sample size without adequately diverse geographical spread. Since,the study is conducted on the basis of interviews of 6 multinational firms having corporate incubators, and out of which majority were from Northern European countries. Originality/value: This paper is one of the first to analyse the facilitating factors leading towards innovation exclusively for corporate incubation process by interviewing those multinational firms which are currently following the process.

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34

Othman, Fauziah. "The effects of formaldehyde vapour on the morphology of the respiratory epithelium of the pre- and post-hatched chick". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338371.

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35

Hatch, David John. "The influence of nitrification in determining the supply, distribution and fate of nitrogen in grassland soils". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2305.

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The microbiology of nitrification has been extensively studied, but the ecology and environmental impact of the process has received less attention. The reason for this has more to do with the difficulties of conducting field experiments to examine the links with other processes which cause losses of nitrogen, than a failure to appreciate its importance in agricultural systems. This project was designed to overcome some of the limitations of existing field techniques to enable simultaneous measurements of nitrification and the major processes of N supply (mineralization) and N loss (denitrification and leaching) to be examined. The study proceeded in three distinct phases: firstly, soils with contrasting N management histories were examined, using laboratory assays for potential activities. Clear differences which resulted from higher N inputs were established, with correspondingly higher nitrifying activities. For example, in a fertilized soil, mmoniaoxidizers produced 48.4 compared with 1.3 nM NO2- g-1 soil h-1 in an unfertilized soil. Potential nitrite-oxidizing rates were 93.4 and 62.5 nM g-1 h-1, respectively. Assays of enzyme kinetics, therefore confirmed the higher nitrifying activity in the fertilized soil, but demonstrated a lower affinity of the enzyme for N02 substrate, with Km values of 436 and 310 gM NO2--N, respectively. Nitrifying rates in soils from grass-clover swards were intermediate between the fertilized and unfertilized soils. Secondly, a new field incubation technique was developed and used to obtain actual rates by concurrent measurements of the major N cycling processes. A strong correlation was established between nitrification and denitrification (r2 = 0.98). The measurements were verified by comparison with other independent methods. Net rates of nitrification in the same soil type ranged from 0.55 - 1.17 kg N ha-1 d-1, with the highest rates in the fertilized soil. Over 70% of the mineralized N was nitrified, of which 80% was subsequently lost (i. e. either denitrified or leached). Thirdly, the practical implications of these findings were examined in greater detail using 15N labelling techniques which enabled process rates (net and gross) to be established in a model of the N cycle. When nitrification was inhibited, there were no significant differences between gross or net mineralization rates in the soils from the three swards, which indicated that N-immobilization could be directly influenced by the level of nitrifying activity in these soils. The influence of nitrification in determining the pathways of N loss from grassland soils was quantified in this study. From a detailed investigation of the processes involved in N cycling, it was deduced that nitrification was also one of the major factors in determining the outcome of competition for inorganic N between plant and microbial biomasses.

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36

Bradley, Jennifer Sottosanti. "Influence of Incubation Conditions on Turkey Poult Intestinal Development and Susceptibility to Poult Enteritis". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49565.

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Exposure to environmental conditions that impact organ growth and function and overall performance may increase poult susceptibility to poult enteritis complex (PEC). Temperature and hypoxic stress during embryonic incubation may impact organ growth and development, development of immunocompetency, post-hatch performance and may predispose poults to enteric disease. The objective of the first study was to provide a baseline of responses to incubation conditions so that further studies could be conducted on whether these stressors may increase susceptibility to post-hatch infection. Commercial Hybrid turkey eggs were incubated at standard (37.5°C) conditions from embryonic day (ED) 0 to ED24. At ED24, eggs were divided into thirds for incubation at 37.5°C, 36.0°C, or 39.0°C from ED24 until hatch at ED28. The objective of the second study was to evaluate the effects of incubation temperature conditions on intestinal development and susceptibility to challenge with turkey coronavirus (TCV). Commercial Hybrid eggs were incubated at standard (37.5°C) conditions from ED0 to ED24. At ED24, one-third continued incubation at 37.5°C, one-third were incubated at 36.0°C, and one-third were incubated at 39.0°C from ED24 until hatch at ED28. At d 5 (0 days postinfection, dpi) half of the poults were administered 0.1mL of TCV inoculum (3 x 103 EID50/0.1 mL). The third study examined the effects of incubation temperature conditions on intestinal development and susceptibility to dual challenge with both TCV and enteropathogenic E. coli. Commercial Hybrid eggs were incubated at standard (37.5°C) incubation conditions from ED0 to ED25. At ED25, eggs were randomized and half continued incubation at 37.5°C and half were incubated at 36.0°C from ED25 until hatch at ED28. At d 5 (0 dpi) half of the poults were administered 0.1 mL of TCV inoculum (4 x 103 EID50/0.1 mL) and 0.1 mL of E. coli (2.4 x 108 CFU/mL) by oral gavage. Main effects (P≤0.05) of incubation temperature and challenge, as well as twoway interactions (P≤0.05) of temperature and challenge were observed for the parameters evaluated in each study. These studies suggest an influence of incubation temperature conditions or PEC-associated pathogens on intestinal development and early post-hatch turkey poult performance.
Ph. D.

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37

Alexandersson, Anna. "Incubating Businesses". Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-52252.

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The efficiency of business incubators is disputed, but they have attracted significant attention from policy-makers and are a part of economic policies worldwide. To ensure their efficiency, it has been suggested that more involvement in the ventures by the incubator management would be beneficial. The purpose of this thesis was to inquire into the relationship between entrepreneurial processes and managerial practices in business incubation. Drawing upon research about entrepreneurial processes and the management of entrepreneurship and creativity in other organizational contexts, the thesis problematizes the suggestions of increased managerial interventions in entrepreneurial processes in business incubation. The purpose was achieved through an analysis of entrepreneurial narratives from two Swedish incubators with different levels of managerial involvement in their ventures. The theoretical frame of reference used for the narrative analysis was based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s concepts for studying varying possibilities and groundings for becoming in narratives. Entrepreneurship is understood as a creative process characterized by dialogue, polyphony and carnival, which has implications for our understanding of business incubation as a phenomenon. The narrative analysis generated four genres of entrepreneurial narratives and two models of incubation with different conceptualizations of entrepreneurship, the role of the incubator management and the incubation process. The result from the analysis of the incubator management from a creative process view was that the managerial approaches to coaching and clustering favored by the two incubators had different implications for entrepreneurship by providing varying possibilities for creativity due to aspects such as control, standardization and specialization. This study shows that business incubation, regardless of the model, includes a larger variety of entrepreneurial processes than previously recognized. This study contributes to our understanding of how managerial involvement in business incubation is conducted in practice and how it is understood from the entrepreneur’s perspective. The theoretical contribution of this study is a Bakhtinian framework, which allows us to observe and to understand business incubation differently. The study shows how the Bakhtinian concepts can be adapted and be made useful in studying the relationship between entrepreneurship and management in business incubation by emphasizing entrepreneurship as the product of social interaction.

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Beattie, Elaine Kathleen. "An investigation of H. J. Eysenck's incubation theory of neurosis". Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417381.

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39

Basheer, Atia. "Genetic studies of incubation behaviour and Mendelian traits in chickens". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8077.

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Finding the genes that underlie variation in production and developmental traits has important economic applications. Incubation behaviour represents a loss of production in conventional breeds of chicken adapted to local conditions and was what motivated this thesis. The Mendelian traits of comb type, crest, Silkie and normal feathers, feathered leg, fibromelanosis, comb colour, skin and shank colour, feather colour and patterns are of interest because of the insight they give to genes and development and were also investigated in the thesis. We used White Leghorn and Silkie lines of chicken to detect the genetic loci controlling incubation behaviour and Mendelian traits using linkage based analysis in an F2 cross. The evidence for QTL affecting incubation status over the whole period on chromosome 5 was strong (P<0.05). After the addition of 218 new informative SNP markers across the genome including chromosome 5 the 95% confidence interval spanned a region around 45 cM having previously been 95 cM. Three other suggestive QTL for incubation status were found after the addition of SNP markers on chromosome 1, 18, 19, E22C19W28 at 70, 0, 1 and 13cM respectively. The mode of action of the incubation status QTL indicates that the White Leghorn allele was either promoting incubation behaviour or that heterozygotes have performance that exceeds the homozygotes except the QTL on chromosome 1 where the Silkie allele is promoting incubation behaviour as might be expected. A highly significant QTL (P<0.01) for early incubation behaviour (25-30 weeks) was found on chromosome 8 at 18 cM. This QTL has an additive effect with the possession of a Silkie allele increasing the likelihood of incubation behaviour. Other suggestive QTL for early incubation behaviour were found on chromosome 26 and 1 at 0 and 66cM respectively. For Mendelian traits, genome wide significant (P<0.01) genetic loci for comb type, crest type and feather type was found on chromosome 7 at 77cM, linkage group E22C19W28 at 7cM and on chromosome 3 at 169cM respectively. Significant genetic loci (P<0.01) for leg colour and skin colour were found on chromosome 20 at 56cM and 60cM respectively. In the present study, loci for all feather patterns were found on E22C19W28 even after removing animals carrying the dominant white alleles, suggesting dominant white or another allele at the locus was still influential. Comb type and incubation behaviour were investigated at the gene level. Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) is believed to be involved in the process of domestication and was found at the peak position of the most significant QTL on chromosome 5 for incubation behaviour. Functional exploration of Wnt genes as a candidate gene for comb type was investigated by in-situ hybridization in Silkie and White Leghorn embryos. The Wnt6 gene showed expression in the region of the presumptive comb development of embryos. In conclusion, for the first time genetic loci that explain maternal behaviour have been described. The coincidence of the incubation behaviour locus on chromosome 5 with the site of the strongest selective sweep in poultry, the TSHR, and the coincidence of QTL on chromosome 1 and 8 with thyroid hormone activity it would appear that the thyrotrophic axis may be critical to the loss of incubation behaviour and improved reproductive performance with domestication. Further analysis of these loci should be able to produce markers that can reduce the propensity for birds to incubate. Comb type marker might allow introgression of this trait to prevent comb damage in commercial hens.

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40

Bryan, Susan M. "Energetic constraints on avian incubation : studies of three passerine species". Thesis, University of Stirling, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21888.

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Field studies were conducted with "three species of passerine, in order to investigate the possibility that an energetic constraint limits reproduction during incubation. Swallows (Hirundo rustiea), Dippers (Cinelus einelus) and Great Tits (Parus nlajor) were studied at sites in Central Scotland. All three species exhibit gynelateral intermittent incubation, so time and energy must be allocated between the conflicting demands of reproduction and selfmaintenance. An assessment of incubation ability in the Swallow was conducted by the manipulation of clutch size during incubation. There was evidence of a clutch size dependent cost, as the duration of the incubation period was prolonged for enlarged (15.6d) compared to reduced (14.8d) clutches. The proportion of eggs hatching successfully was also lower in enlarged (81 %) than in reduced (92%) clutches, though enlarged clutches still produced the greatest number of hatched young. Clutch manipulation did not influence patterns of nest attendance, or female body condition. No effects of incubation effort were detected posthatch on either parents or offspring. The effects of clutch size on field metabolism during incubation were investigated in the Dipper. Clutch size was manipulated and energy use measured by means of the doubly labelled water technique. The results were combined with previous data collected for incubating Dippers. The field metabolic rate of 33 incubating females averaged 5.41 ± 1.34 cm3 CO2 g-l h-1 , equivalent to a daily energy expenditure of 211.52" ± 51.25kJ ind-1 d-1 , e.3 times the basal metabolic rate. Clutch enlargement resulted in an increase in energy use to 4-6 times basal metabolism for some birds," but not for others. While the mean energy use did not differ between groups, the variation amongst birds was significantly greater for enlarged than control clutches. Energy use was also influenced by river flow rates, the duration of incubation sessions and behaviour during incubation recesses. Manipulation of the energy budget of incubating Great Tits was achieved by the reduction of thermoregulatory demands. Treated nest boxes were supplied with additional heat during the hours of darkness, resulting in an elevation of nest air temperature of e.4°C above the corresponding temperature for a control group, lasting for a period of 9 hours. This produced an estimated energetic saving of 10kJ per night. Heated birds increased the duration of both the ~period of continuous incubation overnight and of incubation sessions throughout the following day, resulting in an additional 51 minutes per day spent incubating compared to the control group. The metabolic rate of22 incubating Great Tits was 7.79 ± 2.43 cm3 C02 g-1 h- 1 , or 106.4 ± 32.2 kJ ind-1 d- 1 , equivalent to e.3 times basal metabolism. Energy use escalated for control, but not for heated birds at low ambient temperatures. The importance of reserve storage and utilisation, and of provisioning by the mate were evaluated in each species. A combined hypothesis was proposed to account for body condition during incubation, incorporating elements of programmed reserve utilisation, mass adjustment, maintenance of an insurance reserve and reproductive stress. In summary, the study found "evidence of an energetic constraint acting during incubation in these species." Energy use increased in a probabilistic manner with increasing clutch size, such that birds with large clutches increased their risk of being unable to incubate the entire clutch successfully. It was suggested that such a constraint could contribute to the determination of an upper limit for avian clutch size.

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41

Alsheikh, Abdulatif M. "Business incubation and economic development : a study in Saudi Arabia". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2740/.

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Business incubators have proved to be effective tools for tackling unemployment. diversifying economies and creating wealth in numerous developed countries. By providing timely help and support to new ventures, business incubators hold the potential to create and develop entrepreneurial talent at the micro level and foster an environment for entrepreneurship at the macro level. Business incubation programmes represent a popular approach that many countries have used to assist new business start-ups. Saudi Arabia has struggled with unfavourable demographic tendencies with a dynamic population growth and registers a high level of unemployment, notably among students (33% of graduates) and lowskilled manpower. Also, the local economy, that has long been dependent upon the traditional "transformation industries" needs to be diversified and modernised in order to face the evergrowing fierce international and regional competition. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) constitute the majority of the Saudi business (in terms of the number of firms), yet a minority in terms of revenue. SMEs and enterprising university graduates are believed to be the motors of developing economies. A business incubation programme in theory is fit in dealing with obstacles facing SMEs and young entrepreneurs. The research attempts to determine whether the economic conditions for business incubation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are favourable to a programme of business incubation, and to suggest directions on the best ways to implement business incubation in the Kingdom. To meet this objective the study undertook a three -stage approach whereby each stage contributes to the next. The first stage was two focus groups interviews with Saudi experts, the second a series of three questionnaire surveys and the third was a case study of the first Saudi business incubator. The findings of the research indicate a relatively low level of practical business skills and business experience exhibited by Saudi graduates and the weak relationship between academia and the private sector. The links between education and business were also shown to be lacking. From the results it would seem that, any Saudi incubator programme would need to take into account these deficiencies. Poor links between academia and business Business incubators have proved to be effective tools for tackling unemployment. diversifying economies and creating wealth in numerous developed countries. By providing timely help and support to new ventures, business incubators hold the potential to create and develop entrepreneurial talent at the micro level and foster an environment for entrepreneurship at the macro level. Business incubation programmes represent a popular approach that many countries have used to assist new business start-ups. Saudi Arabia has struggled with unfavourable demographic tendencies with a dynamic population growth and registers a high level of unemployment, notably among students (33% of graduates) and lowskilled manpower. Also, the local economy, that has long been dependent upon the traditional "transformation industries" needs to be diversified and modernised in order to face the evergrowing fierce international and regional competition. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) constitute the majority of the Saudi business (in terms of the number of firms), yet a minority in terms of revenue. SMEs and enterprising university graduates are believed to be the motors of developing economies. A business incubation programme in theory is fit in dealing with obstacles facing SMEs and young entrepreneurs. The research attempts to determine whether the economic conditions for business incubation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are favourable to a programme of business incubation, and to suggest directions on the best ways to implement business incubation in the Kingdom. To meet this objective the study undertook a three -stage approach whereby each stage contributes to the next. The first stage was two focus groups interviews with Saudi experts, the second a series of three questionnaire surveys and the third was a case study of the first Saudi business incubator. The findings of the research indicate a relatively low level of practical business skills and business experience exhibited by Saudi graduates and the weak relationship between academia and the private sector. The links between education and business were also shown to be lacking. From the results it would seem that, any Saudi incubator programme would need to take into account these deficiencies. Poor links between academia and businessBusiness incubators have proved to be effective tools for tackling unemployment. diversifying economies and creating wealth in numerous developed countries. By providing timely help and support to new ventures, business incubators hold the potential to create and develop entrepreneurial talent at the micro level and foster an environment for entrepreneurship at the macro level. Business incubation programmes represent a popular approach that many countries have used to assist new business start-ups. Saudi Arabia has struggled with unfavourable demographic tendencies with a dynamic population growth and registers a high level of unemployment, notably among students (33% of graduates) and lowskilled manpower. Also, the local economy, that has long been dependent upon the traditional "transformation industries" needs to be diversified and modernised in order to face the evergrowing fierce international and regional competition. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) constitute the majority of the Saudi business (in terms of the number of firms), yet a minority in terms of revenue. SMEs and enterprising university graduates are believed to be the motors of developing economies. A business incubation programme in theory is fit in dealing with obstacles facing SMEs and young entrepreneurs. The research attempts to determine whether the economic conditions for business incubation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are favourable to a programme of business incubation, and to suggest directions on the best ways to implement business incubation in the Kingdom. To meet this objective the study undertook a three -stage approach whereby each stage contributes to the next. The first stage was two focus groups interviews with Saudi experts, the second a series of three questionnaire surveys and the third was a case study of the first Saudi business incubator. The findings of the research indicate a relatively low level of practical business skills and business experience exhibited by Saudi graduates and the weak relationship between academia and the private sector. The links between education and business were also shown to be lacking. From the results it would seem that, any Saudi incubator programme would need to take into account these deficiencies. Poor links between academia and business deprives business of the expertise and research knowledge. Furthermore, the findings showed the lack of primary tools that could enable small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to grow and develop. These include lack of funds and credit options, and poor networking. Thus. incubators could have the potential to provide an improvement to the Saudi SMEs. The research shows that numerous business incubation criteria are met in Saudi Arabia and that the Jeddah Business Incubator has been a success. However, important shortfalls are identified, e.g. the unsatisfactory university-business cooperation, deficiencies in the curriculum and the lack of knowledge of the support for SMEs that could be obtained in Saudi Arabia. Most of the findings of this study are consistent with the previous body of research in this subject. Based on the study results, it is proposed that; more effort should be exerted on softer services such as networking; academics business links (closer interactions between academic research and industry) relative to the provision of physical space and hard infrastructure. In addition, there should be a clear focus on economic and business development goals, continuing relationships with external funding agencies will also be required. Incubators will need to be a source of direct funding for tenants firms. Furthermore, the business incubator has to market itself, and has to use the media in order to create an attractive images of it self.

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42

Bogdanova, Maria Ivanova. "Variation in parental investment during avian egg production and incubation". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418349.

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Kounelaki, Styliani. "Headquarters on campus : student entrepreneurship and the ambivalence of incubation". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82292.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-210).
Entrepreneurship increasingly takes place in universities, by faculty and students. Whereas the entrepreneurial pursuits of faculty have received significant scholarly attention, those of students have been largely neglected. Our knowledge of students' endeavors is limited to their entrepreneurial performances as alumni. What about their pursuits while still in school? I study student entrepreneurship in the context of student clubs at MIT. As a pioneer in the integration of entrepreneurship in higher education, MIT is a particularly opportune research setting for the study of student entrepreneurship. I discuss the entrepreneurial infrastructure at MIT, the MIT entrepreneurial ecosystem, and introduce student clubs as one of its components. My study focuses on a growing category of clubs that I call venture clubs for their resemblance to entrepreneurial ventures. I describe their characteristics, namely, size, activities, and plans for future growth and, most importantly, funding that primarily sets them apart from what I call traditional clubs. A crucial distinction is that venture clubs are, for the most part, ineligible for funds dedicated to student clubs; rather, they are funded by a variety of MIT centers and programs (e.g. the Public Service Center, MISTI, and the Legatum Center). I discuss the development of the latter sources of funding over the last twenty or so years amidst ambivalent views expressed by representatives of the MIT administration and student government over the relative value venture clubs have for the MIT community. Overall, the support, both monetary and non-monetary, provided to venture clubs signifies openness by the MIT administration and student government to the incubation of student ventures. Drawing from the MIT case, we can better understand the specifics of student entrepreneurship in the context of clubs as well as the complexities it introduces to the administration of institutions of higher education.
by Styliani (Stella) Kounelaki.
Ph.D.

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44

Whitehill, David J. "Post-Industrial Production industrial incubation in the contemporary urban fabric /". College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7838.

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Thesis (M. Arch.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation Architecture . Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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45

FRANK, ERIK SIMON. "Corporate Innovation: A Case Study of the Corporate Incubation Process". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240276.

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Incubators have become a popular way for corporations to stay in front of their competition because,y pos today´s startups are an immense spring of innovation as many possess emerging innovation. These corporate incubators offer the startups a support system where they can test and leapfrog their innovations, and add innovation to the corporations. However, there is a large difference between these two parties, which makrs successful collaboration a challenge. This study examines how to improve this collaboration based on information obtained through an embedded case study of a large corporate incubator and startups present within it. The main findings suggest three important factors for a large enterprise to gain the most value out of their incubators: (1) clear communication, (2) startups need to know what their objective is, and (3) incubator support from the organization. To leverage startup innovation in a corporate incubator and to attain these three factors, three building blocks for a corporate incubator have been identified: selection process, case building, and graduation.
Inkubatorer har blivit ett populärt sätt för företag att vara konkurrenskraftiga eftersom dagens startups är en enorm källa av innovation. Dessa företagsinkubatorer erbjuder startups ett supportsystem där de kan testa och accelerera deras innovationsprocess och erbjuda innobation till företagen. Men, det är emellertid en stor skillnad mellan dessa två parter, vilket gör ett framgångsrikt samarbete till en utmaning. Denna studie undersöker hur man kan förbättra detta samarbete baserat på information som erhållits genom en fallstudie av en stor företagsinkubator och dess startups. Resultatet av denna fallstudie är tre viktiga faktorer som behövs för att ett företag ska få ut det mesta av deras inkubator. (1) Tydlig kommunikation, (2) medvetenhet från startups av vad de behöver och (3) inkbatorstöd från hela företaget. För att utnyttja den innovation som startups tillför och för att uppnå dessa tre faktorer, tre delar av processen för en företafsinkubator identifierades: Urvalsprocessen, sammarbetsfasen och examen.

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46

Verba, Alison M. "Graduate Survival as an Outcome-Based Approach to Business Incubator Evaluation: A Case Study of the Hamilton County Business Center". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307322900.

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47

Parkes, Vincent. "Replication of DNA by isolated wheat chloroplasts". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329036.

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48

Zitoli, Jean-Louis. "Les intoxications par champignons avec syndrome d'incubation courte". Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN11133.

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49

Crisostomo, Francisca Sônia. "Activité(s) biologique(s) de la prolactine et expression de la couvaison chez la dinde (Meleagris gallopavo)". Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR4002.

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Ce travail a pour objet de clarifier certains des rôles biologiques attribués à la prolactine au niveau de l'axe hypothalamus-hypophyse-ovaire notamment en liaison avec l'expression du comportement de couvaison chez la dinde. Nous disposons pour compléter ce travail d'hormones recombinantes, telles une prolactine de dinde (RTPRL) et une protéines de fusion, la glutathion-s-transférase liée à la prolactine (GST-RTPRL). La RTPRL a une activité biologique comparable à celle d'une prolactine ovine (OPRL) dans le test du jabot du pigeon, alors que celle de la GST-RTPRL est beaucoup plus faible. In vitro, la CLHRJ-II et le CVIP sont tous deux actifs pour stimuler la sécrétion hypophysaire de LH chez la dinde à tous les états physiologiques testés (pondeuse, couveuse, arrêt de ponte et mue) alors que, seul le CVIP stimule la sécrétion de prolactine. La capacité initiale et ultérieure du potentiel de l'hypophyse à libérer la LH et la prolactine en réponse à des stimulations au CLHRH-II ou au CVIP varient en fonction de l'état physiologique. La présence de taux élevés de prolactine n'a en aucun cas d'effet sur la sécrétion basale de LH et sur la réponse aux stimulations avec du CLHRH-II in vivo, l'administration d'anticorps hétérologues dirigés contre la prolactine de dinde ou d'un immunogène (GST-RTPRL) induisant la formation d'anticorps dirigés contre la prolactine prévient l'expression de la couvaison. Sa prévention permet l'obtention de meilleures performances de ponte. L'OPRL induit également la formation d'anticorps mais les titres restent faibles et insuffisants pour prévenir l'expression de la couvaison. La présence d'anticorps anti-prolactine dans l'oeuf n'affecte ni le développement embryonnaire, ni la croissance ultérieure des descendants. Ces résultats confortent l'hypothèse d'un rôle causal de la prolactine vis-à-vis de l'EE effective in the Near future. Aison et permettent d'envisager dans un futur proche le développement de traitements anticouvaisons basés sur l'utilisation de procédures d'immunisation.

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50

Plesha, Suzanne G. "A critical analysis of worldview and culture in business incubation narratives". Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1313946.

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This study explored the possible connection between organizational culture and worldview and the narratives professional associations use to sell these perspectives to external audiences. Burke's pentad and ratio analysis were utilized to identify the dominant terms in nineteen narratives featured in a promotional booklet published by the National Business Incubation Association. In eleven of the stories, the "agent" elements were most prevalent in these stories, signaling an idealistic worldview. The remaining eight narratives were agency-dominant and provided an underlying pragmatism to the highly idealistic outlook of the agent-focused stories. In addition to providing a philosophical label for the narrative messages, analyzing the pentad elements gave clues as to this association's value system toward incubation clients and the business incubation industry in general. The implications of this professional association's influence on an emerging industry were also discussed.
Department of Communication Studies

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