Artículos de revistas: "Incremental elicitation"

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Benabbou, Nawal, Cassandre Leroy, Thibaut Lust y Patrice Perny. "Combining Preference Elicitation with Local Search and Greedy Search for Matroid Optimization". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, n.º 14 (18 de mayo de 2021): 12233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i14.17452.

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We propose two incremental preference elicitation methods for interactive preference-based optimization on weighted matroid structures. More precisely, for linear objective (utility) functions, we propose an interactive greedy algorithm interleaving preference queries with the incremental construction of an independent set to obtain an optimal or near-optimal base of a matroid. We also propose an interactive local search algorithm based on sequences of possibly improving exchanges for the same problem. For both algorithms, we provide performance guarantees on the quality of the returned solutions and the number of queries. Our algorithms are tested on the uniform, graphical and scheduling matroids to solve three different problems (committee election, spanning tree, and scheduling problems) and evaluated in terms of computation times, number of queries, and empirical error.

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Benabbou, Nawal, Patrice Perny y Paolo Viappiani. "Incremental elicitation of Choquet capacities for multicriteria choice, ranking and sorting problems". Artificial Intelligence 246 (mayo de 2017): 152–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2017.02.001.

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Benabbou, Nawal y Patrice Perny. "Interactive resolution of multiobjective combinatorial optimization problems by incremental elicitation of criteria weights". EURO Journal on Decision Processes 6, n.º 3-4 (12 de mayo de 2018): 283–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40070-018-0085-4.

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Bourdache, Nadjet y Patrice Perny. "Active Preference Learning Based on Generalized Gini Functions: Application to the Multiagent Knapsack Problem". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (17 de julio de 2019): 7741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33017741.

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We consider the problem of actively eliciting preferences from a Decision Maker supervising a collective decision process in the context of fair multiagent combinatorial optimization. Individual preferences are supposed to be known and represented by linear utility functions defined on a combinatorial domain and the social utility is defined as a generalized Gini Social evaluation Function (GSF) for the sake of fairness. The GSF is a non-linear aggregation function parameterized by weighting coefficients which allow a fine control of the equity requirement in the aggregation of individual utilities. The paper focuses on the elicitation of these weights by active learning in the context of the fair multiagent knapsack problem. We introduce and compare several incremental decision procedures interleaving an adaptive preference elicitation procedure with a combinatorial optimization algorithm to determine a GSF-optimal solution. We establish an upper bound on the number of queries and provide numerical tests to show the efficiency of the proposed approach.

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Benabbou, Nawal, Cassandre Leroy y Thibaut Lust. "An Interactive Regret-Based Genetic Algorithm for Solving Multi-Objective Combinatorial Optimization Problems". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, n.º 03 (3 de abril de 2020): 2335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i03.5612.

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We propose a new approach consisting in combining genetic algorithms and regret-based incremental preference elicitation for solving multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems with unknown preferences. For the purpose of elicitation, we assume that the decision maker's preferences can be represented by a parameterized scalarizing function but the parameters are initially not known. Instead, the parameter imprecision is progressively reduced by asking preference queries to the decision maker during the search to help identify the best solutions within a population. Our algorithm, called RIGA, can be applied to any multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem provided that the scalarizing function is linear in its parameters and that a (near-)optimal solution can be efficiently determined when preferences are known. Moreover, RIGA runs in polynomial time while asking no more than a polynomial number of queries. For the multi-objective traveling salesman problem, we provide numerical results showing its practical efficiency in terms of number of queries, computation time and gap to optimality.

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Wan, Ping, Chaozhong Wu, Yingzi Lin y Xiaofeng Ma. "Driving Anger States Detection Based on Incremental Association Markov Blanket and Least Square Support Vector Machine". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2019 (26 de marzo de 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2745381.

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Driving anger, known as “road rage”, has gradually become a serious traffic psychology issue. Although driving anger identification is solved in some studies, there is still a gap in driving anger grading which is helpful to take different intervening measures for different anger intensity, especially in real traffic environment. The main objectives of this study are: (1) explore a novel driving anger induction method based on various elicitation events, e.g., traffic congestion, vehicles weaving/cutting in line, jaywalking and red light waiting in real traffic environment; (2) apply incremental association Markov blanket (IAMB) algorithm to select typical features related to driving anger states; (3) employ least square support vector machine (LSSVM) to identify different driving anger states based on the selected features. Thirty private car drivers were enrolled to perform field experiments on a busy route selected in Wuhan, China, where drivers’ anger could be induced by the elicitation events within limited time. Meanwhile, three types of data sets including driver physiology, driving behaviors and vehicle motions, were collected by multiple sensors. The results indicate that 13 selected features including skin conductance, relative energy spectrum of β band of electroencephalogram, standard deviation (SD) of pedaling speed of gas pedal, SD of steering wheel angle rate, vehicle speed, SD of speed, SD of forward acceleration and SD of lateral acceleration have significant impact on driving anger states. The IAMB-LSSVM model achieves an accuracy with 82.20% which is 2.03%, 3.15%, 4.34%, 7.84% and 8.36% higher than IAMB using C4.5, NBC, SVM, KNN and BPNN, respectively. The results are beneficial to design driving anger detecting or intervening devices in intelligent human-machine systems.

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Carr, Katherine, Cam Donaldson, John Wildman, Robert Smith y Christopher R. Vernazza. "An Examination of Consistency in the Incremental Approach to Willingness to Pay: Evidence Using Societal Values for NHS Dental Services". Medical Decision Making 41, n.º 4 (18 de marzo de 2021): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x21996329.

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Introduction Willingness to pay (WTP) is used to generate information about value. However, when comparing 2 or more services using standard WTP techniques, the amounts elicited from participants for the services are often similar, even when individuals state a clear preference for one service over another. An incremental approach has been suggested, in which individuals are asked to first rank interventions and provide a WTP value for their lowest-ranked intervention followed by then asking how much more they are willing to pay for their next preferred choice and so on. To date, evaluation of this approach has disregarded protest responses, which may give information on consistency between stated and implicit rankings. Methods A representative sample of the English population ( n = 790) were asked to value 5 dental services adopting a societal perspective, using a payment vehicle of additional household taxation per year. The sample was randomized to either the standard or the incremental approach. Performance for both methods is assessed on discrimination between values for interventions and consistency between implicit and stated ranks. The data analysis is the first to retain protest responses when considering consistency between ranks. Results The results indicate that neither approach provides values that discriminate between interventions. Retaining protest responses reveals inconsistencies between the stated and implicit ranks are present in both approaches but much reduced in the incremental approach. Conclusion The incremental approach does not improve discrimination between values, yet there is less inconsistency between ranks. The protest responses indicate that objections to giving values to the dental interventions are dependent on a multitude of factors beyond the elicitation process.

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Rehman, Shafiq y Volker Gruhn. "An Effective Security Requirements Engineering Framework for Cyber-Physical Systems". Technologies 6, n.º 3 (12 de julio de 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies6030065.

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Context and motivation: Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are gaining priority over other systems. The heterogeneity of these systems increases the importance of security. Both the developer and the requirement analyst must consider details of not only the software, but also the hardware perspective, including sensor and network security. Several models for secure software engineering processes have been proposed, but they are limited to software; therefore, to support the processes of security requirements, we need a security requirements framework for CPSs. Question/Problem: Do existing security requirements frameworks fulfil the needs of CPS security requirements? The answer is no; existing security requirements frameworks fail to accommodate security concerns outside of software boundaries. Little or even no attention has been given to sensor, hardware, network, and third party elements during security requirements engineering in different existing frameworks. Principal Ideas/results: We have proposed, applied, and assessed an incremental security requirements evolution approach, which configures the heterogeneous nature of components and their threats in order to generate a secure system. Contribution: The most significant contribution of this paper is to propose a security requirements engineering framework for CPSs that overcomes the issue of security requirements elicitation for heterogeneous CPS components. The proposed framework supports the elicitation of security requirements while considering sensor, receiver protocol, network channel issues, along with software aspects. Furthermore, the proposed CPS framework has been evaluated through a case study, and the results are shown in this paper. The results would provide great support in this research direction.

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Chen, Yangyang, Cong Chen, Hao Wen, Jian-min Jiang, Qiong Zeng, Hongping Shu y Zhong Hong. "From Use Case to Use Case Slices". International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design 10, n.º 4 (octubre de 2019): 24–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijismd.2019100102.

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A use case has been widely adopted for requirements specification, which can be created on a high abstraction level or a very detailed level. A use case with a very detailed level can be a lot more useful for requirements elicitation, but such a model may become too complex and difficult to understand the whole context. A use case slice is introduced in order to simplify the requirements analysis and ensure the correctness of software incremental development process (e.g., the agile development process). However, a use case is usually divided into multiple use case slices in a manual way. Some errors may occur during this manual process. In this article, the authors present an automated approach for dividing a use case into use case slices. The approach first decomposes a use case into multiple use case stories, and then these stories can be composed into different use case slices according to different requirements. These use case slices cover all the functionality of the original use case. The authors give a decomposition theory and propose the corresponding algorithm. A case study demonstrates these results.

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Ponsford, Ruth. "“I don’t really care about me, as long as he gets everything he needs” – young women becoming mothers in consumer culture". Young Consumers 15, n.º 3 (12 de agosto de 2014): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-10-2013-00401.

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Purpose – As becoming a mother becomes increasingly embedded in the marketplace, this paper explores how a group of low-income pregnant and newly parenting young mothers engaged with expansive markets for the new mother and baby. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on an extended period of fieldwork carried out at a Pupil Referral Unit and a Mother and Baby Unit in the city of Bristol, UK. The research took a staged and incremental approach, incorporating aspects of participant observation, activity-based focus groups and a photo elicitation exercise. Findings – This paper highlights the anxiety the young women experienced around their ability (or lack thereof) to participate in practices of childrearing consumption and details how the young women strived to provide well for their children despite their limited incomes, developing a sophisticated knowledge of markets and adopting a range of budgeting and smart shopping strategies to ensure they could acquire the “stuff” their children “needed”. Originality/value – Contrary to popular discourse, the young women emerge as careful and pragmatic consumers who plan and manage their finances carefully, and the paper acknowledges skills that are often missing from accounts of young mothers and working-class people more broadly.

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Hill, Jordan, Mike Paulden, Christopher McCabe, Peter Venner, Brita Lavender Danielson, Scott A. North y Nawaid Usmani. "Metformin (Met): A cost-effective adjunct therapy with enzalutamide (Enza) for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, n.º 2_suppl (10 de enero de 2016): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.340.

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340 Background: Several new therapies have changed the landscape of prostate cancer (PCa) treatment, primarily due to their effectiveness in treating patients with mCRPC. Enza has garnered much attention, but is relatively expensive (~$3175/month). Met is less expensive (~$8.00/month) and has been used for decades to treat patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes. Two recent large population-based studies of PCa have demonstrated that diabetics taking Met had improved PCa specific and overall survival compared to those not taking Met. As a result, we hypothesized that Met has the potential to be a cost-effective adjunct therapy to Enza, although it is not currently used as such. Methods: We constructed a Markov-based decision analytic model to compare the cost-effectiveness of Enza alone versus Enza combined with Met. Through expert elicitation, we assumed that adding Met to Enza increases its efficacy by 15%. All other costs, utilities, and transition probabilities were derived from existing literature or expert elicitation. Effectiveness was measured using quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Costs and QALYs were considered over a lifetime horizon and discounted at 5% per annum. Cost-effectiveness was considered using a willingness to pay threshold of $50 000/QALY. Results: Adding Met to Enza increases expected lifetime costs per patient by $83 651, and improves the expected effectiveness of treatment by 3.74 QALYs, compared to Enza alone. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is $22 374/QALY. Accounting for parameter uncertainty, adding Met to Enza has a 72% probability of being cost-effective. Conclusions: Although Met is not currently used as an adjunct therapy to Enza, doing so would likely be cost-effective provided it is as effective as we have assumed in our model. Additionally, our results indicate that the combination of Enza and Met could be among the most cost effective interventions in oncology. However, given the uncertainty around the effectiveness of such an adjunct therapy, our results support the need for further clinical trials to provide more robust evidence of the effectiveness of such a combination therapy in clinical practice.

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Susetyo, Cahyono, Harry Timmermans y Bauke de Vries. "Orthogonal strategy based computer-mediated negotiation: Principles and example". Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, n.º 6 (8 de enero de 2018): 1036–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317748160.

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Previous efforts to improve stakeholders’ involvement in planning and decision-making processes mostly put planners and decision makers as the ones who decide which solution is the best for the decision problems. In bottom-up planning and decision-making processes that supposedly involve stakeholders as much as possible, the most common practice is that when stakeholders have different preferences about the decision issues, supra decision makers such as planners and experts gather stakeholders’ preferences, and then, using their expertise and experience, decide what is the best choice for stakeholders. We approach the involvement of stakeholders in planning and decision-making not by relying on planners’ expertise but from a negotiation perspective. Previous works related to stakeholders’ negotiation mostly require stakeholders to engage in a face-to-face negotiation that seldom involves a computer system to improve the process. In this paper, we develop a negotiation system to support multi-issue and multi-stakeholder decision-making problems. In our approach, stakeholders do not directly interact with each other. Their proposals are submitted to a system that produces counter-proposals to reduce the differences among stakeholders’ proposals. Therefore, stakeholders do not exchange their preferences directly, but rather preference elicitations are mediated by the system. This approach is called computer-mediated negotiation. The system itself is based on the principle of an orthogonal strategy. Our computer-mediated negotiation protocol consists of two main phases. The first phase is the preference elicitation phase, which measures stakeholders’ utility functions. The second phase is the e-negotiation phase, in which stakeholders make their proposals and the computer system provides suggestions to improve them. To simulate real-world negotiations where stakeholders make proposals and counter-proposals in a series of negotiation rounds, we implemented the indifference curve approach to enable stakeholders to make incremental changes of their proposals during negotiation. The results from our experiment suggest that our method can produce an optimum solution for a multi-issue and multi-stakeholder decision problem by moving stakeholders’ proposals closer to one another.

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Marques, Johnny y Adilson Marques da Cunha. "ARES: An Agile Requirements Specification Process for Regulated Environments". International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 29, n.º 10 (octubre de 2019): 1403–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021819401950044x.

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Agile methods have provided significant contributions to Software Engineering. This work presents a new process for Software Requirements Specification, integrating Agile Properties and regulated environments, such as aviation, medical, nuclear and automotive, among others. The Software in Regulated Environments (SRE) involves plan-driven methods with needed documentation to ensure safety, reliability, security, and discipline. This paper proposes a balance between agile and plan-driven methods. We define a new process, which explores and investigates the usage of agile methods in SRE. The scope of this paper is Requirements Engineering, which is considered as a set of activities involved in the management, elicitation, documentation, and maintenance of requirements. The Adile Requirements Specification (ARES) process contains four methods, 13 activities, and some required artifacts to ensure compliance with the following six relevant Software Standards for regulated environments: RTCA DO-178C, IEC 62304:2015, ECSS-E-ST-40C, IEC 61508-3, ISO/IEC/IEEE 12207, and IAEA SSG-39. The process evaluation was performed using two experiments: a Cockpit Display System (CDS) and a Healthcare Information System (HIS). These experiments were measured with appropriate metrics to ensure improvements in Software Requirements Specification and traceability among artifacts. The experimental results revealed that the ARES process works better than the original Scrum for Software in Regulated Environments. The ARES process can also be integrated with traditional software life cycles (Waterfall, V, and Incremental and Iterative), when applied in the Requirements Engineering phase.

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Chatzidakis, Andreas, Sally Hibbert y Heidi Winklhofer. "Are consumers’ reasons for and against behaviour distinct?" European Journal of Marketing 50, n.º 1/2 (8 de febrero de 2016): 124–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-10-2013-0601.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to add clarity to current conceptualisations of attitudes towards giving versus not giving and to identify an approach that better informs interventions that seek to promote particular types of pro-social consumer behaviour. Despite a considerable body of research that provides insights into why people give to charity, there is comparatively little understanding of the reasons why others decide not to give. More generally, existing applications of attitudinal models do not differentiate between decisions to perform and not to perform a behaviour. This paper challenges the assumption that attitudes towards performing and not performing a behaviour are logical opposites. Drawing on reasons theory, the paper examines the incremental and discriminant validity of attitudes for charitable giving versus attitudes against charitable giving, and the extent to which they correspond to different rather than opposite underlying reasons. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed-method approach with two different study stages was adopted. Stage 1 comprised an elicitation study that sought to identify reasons corresponding to a comprehensive range of motives for and barriers to charitable giving. This assisted in the development of a survey instrument that was used in Stage 2 to test the study’s hypotheses. The study used the Index of Multiple Deprivation with a view to provide a sample representative of the UK population (N = 243). Results were analysed through exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and step-wise regressions. Findings – Results showed that reasons against charitable giving included logical opposites of reasons for charitable giving (complementarity assumption)as well as separate motivational factors. Attitudes for and against were in turn explained by distinct sets of reasons. The paper contributes by adding clarity to current conceptualisations of cognitions in relation to doing versus not doing. Identifying underlying reasons, rather than just attitudes, affords specific insight for marketing communications and public policy interventions. Originality/value – The paper introduces to the marketing and consumer behaviour literature the previously neglected non-complementarity assumption and provides a more complete test of this assumption in the context of charitable giving.

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Tan, MCY, NT Ayas, A. Mulgrew, L. Cortes, JM FitzGerald, JA Fleetham, M. Schulzer et al. "Cost-Effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea in British Columbia". Canadian Respiratory Journal 15, n.º 3 (2008): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/719231.

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BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH) is a common disorder characterized by recurrent collapse of the upper airway during sleep. Patients experience a reduced quality of life and an increased risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which is the first-line therapy for OSAH, improves sleepiness, vigilance and quality of life.OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-effectiveness of CPAP therapy versus no treatment for OSAH patients who are drivers.METHODS: A Markov decision analytical model with a five-year time horizon was used. The study population consisted of male and female patients, between 30 and 59 years of age, who were newly diagnosed with moderate to severe OSAH. The model evaluated the cost-effectiveness of CPAP therapy in reducing rates of MVCs and improving quality of life. Utility values were obtained from previously published studies. Rates of MVCs under the CPAP and no CPAP scenarios were calculated from Insurance Corporation of British Columbia data and a systematic review of published studies. MVCs, equipment and physician costs were obtained from the British Columbia Medical Association, published cost-of-illness studies and the price lists of established vendors of CPAP equipment in British Columbia. Findings were examined from the perspectives of a third-party payer and society.RESULTS: From the third-party payer perspective, CPAP therapy was more effective but more costly than no CPAP (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER] of $3,626 per quality-adjusted life year). From the societal perspective, the ICER was similar ($2,979 per quality-adjusted life year). The ICER was most dependent on preference elicitation method used to obtain utility values, varying almost sixfold under alternative assumptions from the base-case analysis.CONCLUSION: After considering costs and impact on quality of life, as well as the risk of MVCs in individuals with OSAH, CPAP therapy for OSAH patients is a highly efficient use of health care resources. Provincial governments who do not provide funding for CPAP therapy should reconsider.

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Kedra, J., B. Granger, L. EL Houari, F. Tubach y B. Fautrel. "OP0264 COST-UTILITY OF A PROGRESSIVE SPACING OF TOCILIZUMAB OR ABATACEPT IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN SUSTAINED REMISSION: A MEDICO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE TOLEDO TRIAL". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30 de mayo de 2023): 174.2–175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.4115.

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BackgroundBiologic Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (bDMARDs) progressive tapering is a real opportunity in people living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) having achieved remission both from the patient and the Society perspectives. The ToLEDo (Towards the Lowest Efficacious Dose) trial aimed to assess a disease activity-driven progressive tapering strategy of tocilizumab (TCZ) or abatacept (ABA) compared to their maintenance at full dose in RA patients in sustained remission. Non-inferiority (NI) was not demonstrated in terms of disease activity (primary endpoint) nor relapses, major relapses, radiographic progression (secondary endpoints) [1].ObjectivesThe aim of this secondary analysis was to assess the cost-utility of the spacing strategy (S-arm) in the ToLEDo trial compared to full dose maintenance (M-arm).MethodsThe ToLEDo trial is a multicenter 2-year NI randomized open-label controlled trial, which enrolled 228 patients (113 in the S-arm and 115 in the M-arm). A cost-utility analysis was conducted on the per protocol population.In each arm, health benefits were estimated every 6 months by Short Form Health Survey (SF-6D) and EuroQoL (EQ-5D)-derived utility measurements. Cost elicitation integrated health resource use including bDMARD costs (direct cost) as well as productivity loss (indirect cost) using the friction cost method. The incremental cost-utility ratios (ICUR) were calculated by dividing the difference of costs between S-arm and M-arm by the difference of utilities between the 2 arms. 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated by bootstrap (20,000 iterations). The incremental net benefit (INB) was calculated for willingness to pay (WTP) values ranging from 0 to 150,000€. The analyses were replicated using SF-6D (primary analysis) or EQ-5D, and in ABA and TCZ subgroups. Acceptability analyses as well as stochastic sensitivity analyses (simulating costs and utilities using MCMC algorithms) were also performed.ResultsOverall, 178 patients were included (82 in S-arm, 96 in M-arm) in the per protocol analysis. At the end of the follow-up in the S-arm, 15.0% of patients discontinued their biologic, 48.7% spaced the injections, and 36.3% remained at the standard dose. The difference in terms of two-years utility gains between S-arm and M-arm was 0.004 (95%CI -0.012, 0.021) with SF-6D. The difference of total costs between S-arm and M-arm was -4,275 € (95%CI -5,955 to -2,542). The estimated ICUR of the spacing strategy over the maintenance at full dose was €932,003 saved per QALY (95% CI -7,534,788 to 6,720,372) with SF-6D. The INB was 4,734.6€ for a WTP of 100,000€. With a willingness to accept of 0 €/QALY lost, the probability to be cost-effective for the spacing strategy was 70.6% (Figure 1). The results were consistent when using EQ-5D-derived utilities, in ABA and TCZ subgroups, as well as in the stochastic sensitivity analyses (Table 1).ConclusionAlthough the ToLEDo trial did not demonstrate non-inferiority, the tested disease activity-driven tapering strategy was not associated with health loss in terms of utilities and incurred for substantial cost savings, making this strategy potentially dominant.Reference[1]Kedra J, Dieudé P, Marotte H et al. Towards the Lowest Efficacious Dose (ToLEDo): Results of a Multicenter Non-Inferiority Randomized Open-Label Controlled Trial Assessing Tocilizumab or Abatacept Injection Spacing in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Remission [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019; 71 (suppl 10).Figure 1.cost-utility plane (spacing versus maintenance), with utilities derived from PP SF-6DTable 1.ICUR in ABA subgroup, TCZ subgroup, using EQ-5D-derived utilities, and stochastic sensitivity analysisABA subgroup (PP SF-6D)TCZ subgroup (PP SF-6D)PP EQ-5DStochastic sensitivity analysis (PP SF-6D)ICUR, €/QALY gained-420,076.22(95%CI -1,044,462 ; 1,461,037)-1,008,225(95%CI -2,436,237; 1,898,967)-52,005(95%CI -458,934; 369,967)-481,029.28(95%CI -1,300,747; 1,867,263)AcknowledgementsThe authors acknowledge the investigators and pharmacists who participated in the ToLEDo trial, the Pharmacoepidemiology Center of the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (Centre de Pharmaco-Epidémiologie [CEPHEPI]) for the supervision of the project and monitoring and management of the data, and the CRI-IMIDIATE network.Disclosure of InterestsJoanna KEDRA: None declared, Benjamin Granger Consultant of: BMS, Lina EL HOUARI: None declared, Florence Tubach Consultant of: UCB, MSD, Lundbeck, Bruno Fautrel Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Biogen, BMS, Celltrion, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Medac, MSD, Mylan, NORDIC Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi-Genzyme, SOBI, UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Lilly, MSD and Pfizer.

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Aleem, Ilyas, Yan Xu, Y. Raja Rampersaud, Markian Pahuta, Godefroy Hardy St-Pierre, Eric Crawford, Mohammad Zarrabian et al. "Canadian Spine Society1.01: Do lumbar decompression and fusion patients recall their preoperative status? Recall bias in patient-reported outcomes1.02: Trends and costs of lumbar fusion and disc replacement surgeries in Ontario: a population-based study1.03: Ontario’s Inter-professional Spine Assessment and Education Clinics (ISAEC): patient, provider and system impact of an integrated model of care for the management of LBP1.04: Validation of the self-administered online assessment of preferences (SOAP) utility elicitation tool1.05: Performance indicators in spine surgery: a systematic review1.06: Inter-professional Spine Assessment and Education Clinics (ISAEC): a networked model of care with changes to referral population profile and reduced surgical wait-times1.07: Improving spine surgical access, appropriateness and efficiency in metropolitan, urban and rural settings1.08: Reliability of the spine CPR score among emergency physicians1.09: Deriving a clinical prediction model for degenerative spine disorders1.10: Development of validated computer-based preoperative predictive model for reaching ODI MCID with 86% accuracy based on 198 ASD patients with 2-year follow-up1.11: Validation of the spine CPR score1.12: Can ultrasound detect curve progression of scoliosis without ionizing radiation?1.13: Relationship between age and nonoperative utilization in elective cervical spine surgery1.14: Larger global sagittal correction associated with increased PJK and major complications, but lead to better correction and HRQoL scores1.15: Comprehensive analysis of SRS appearance domain score drivers and comparative relationship to satisfaction in adults2.16: Incremental cost to Canada’s health care system of acute complications following spinal cord injury2.17: The prevalence and natural history of problematic spasticity following traumatic spinal cord injury2.18: Exploring the possibility of using artificial neural networks to predict mortality after spinal cord injury2.19: Developing a new index to predict mortality after spinal cord injury using machine learning techniques2.20: The impact of complications and opportunities to improve function, health and quality of life: our best approach to “cure” SCI today2.21: Delays in time from injury to specialized SCI centres increase in-hospital mortality in acute SCI2.22: The modified extremity motor (MEM) classification: A neurological classification of traumatic central cord syndrome (TCCS)2.23: The stable spine central cord syndrome (SCCS): a prospective surgical cohort2.24: Changes following acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a prospective pilot study on serial MRIs2.25: Next-generation MRI identifies tract-specific injury and predicts focal neurological deficits in degenerative cervical myelopathy: development and characterization of accurate imaging biomarkers for spinal cord pathologies2.26: Translating state-of-the-art spinal cord MRI techniques to clinical use: a systematic review of clinical studies using DTI, MT, MWF, MRS and fMRI2.27: Motor cortex electrical stimulation to promote spinal cord injury recovery in an animal model2.28: Role of muscle damage on loading at the level adjacent to a lumbar spine fusion: a biomechanical analysis2.29: Classifying injury severity and predicting neurologic outcome after acute human spinal cord injury with cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers2.30: Spine surgery a mari usque ad mare3.31: Prognostic factors for survival in a surgical series of symptomatic metastatic epidural spinal cord compression: a prospective North American multi-centre study in 142 patients3.32: Surgical management of spinal osteoblastomas3.33: General population utilities for metastatic epidural spinal cord compression health states3.34: Instrumentation following decompression for spinal metastases — Is there a need for fusion in addition to internal fixation?3.35: Do racial differences affect surgical outcomes in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy? Results from the prospective, multicentre AOSpine International study on 479 patients3.36: Is preoperative duration of symptoms a significant predictor of functional status and quality of life outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of degenerative cervical myelopathy?3.37: Surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy from an economic and outcome perspective: a cost–utility analysis of the combined data from the AOSpine North America and International studies3.38: Laminoplasty versus laminectomy and fusion to treat cervical spondylotic myelopathy: outcomes of the prospective multicentre AOSpine North America and International CSM studies3.39: The impact of spinal manipulation on lower extremity motor control in lumbar spinal stenosis patients: a single-blind randomized clinical trial3.40: Predictors of improved pain, function and quality of life following elective lumbar spine fusion surgery3.41: Objective measurement of free-living physical activity (performance) in lumbar spinal stenosis: Are physical activity guidelines being met?3.42: Two-year follow-up in spine clinical research: An adequate benchmark?3.43: The impact of presurgical self-reported exercise patterns on postsurgical outcomes3.44: Baseline and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylo-listhesis: a comparison study between single-payer and multitier health care systems3.45: An exploration of the inter-relationships between low back pain, obesity, inflammation and diabetic statusP01: Methylprednisolone for the treatment of patients with acute spinal cord injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysisP02: The relationship between preoperative clinical presentation and quantitative MRI features in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathyP03: Change in function, pain and quality of life following structured nonoperative treatment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: a systematic reviewP04: Tobacco smoking and outcomes following surgical decompression in patients with symptomatic degenerative cervical myelopathyP05: Predicting the minimum clinically important difference in patients undergoing surgery for the treatment of degenerative cervical myelopathyP06: Timing of decompression in patients with acute spinal cord injury: a systematic reviewP07: Defining the pathway to definitive care and surgical decompression after traumatic spinal cord injury: results of a Canadian population-based cohort studyP08: Assessment of surgical treatment strategies for moderate to severe cervical spinal deformity reveals marked variation in approaches, osteotomies and fusion levelsP09: Frailty and postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative spine diseaseP10: Does sarcopenia as assessed by the normalized total psoas area predict early outcomes in elderly patients undergoing elective surgery for degenerative spine disease?P11: The relationship between pre-existing comorbidities and postinjury adverse events in traumatic spinal cord injury: a prospective Canadian cohort study focusing on potentially modifiable conditionsP12: The incidence, severity and impact of adverse events in adult spinal deformity patients: an ambispective cohort analysisP13: Factors affecting length of stay following 3-column spinal osteotomies in paediatric patientsP14: The rate and risk of curve progression following skeletal maturity — Does the story end with curve magnitude?P15: Integration of a spine assessment clinic prior to surgical consult — a program descriptionP16: Improved data capture and quality following implementation of standard operating procedures for a single site in the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network databaseP17: Survival and clinical outcomes in patients with meta-static epidural spinal cord compression: results from the AOSpine Prospective Multicentre Study of 142 patientsP18: The clinical utility of the spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS) and its role in surgical management of patients with spinal metastatic diseaseP19: Patterns of spinal metastatic disease and mechanical instability: a retrospective correlation with tumour histologyP20: A retrospective analysis of the clinical utility of the Tokuhashi scale, and its impact in surgical management of spinal metastatic diseaseP21: Length of hospital stay following elective lumbar spine fusion surgeryP22: Interspinous process device versus decompression and fusion: further investigation with 2 year follow-up in a degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis patient populationP23: The outcomes following decompression and fusion are compromised when it is preceded by a discectomy or decompressionP24: Predictors of response following nonsurgical treatment of low back pain". Canadian Journal of Surgery 59, n.º 3 Suppl 2 (junio de 2016): S39—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cjs.006916.

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Benabbou, Nawal y Patrice Perny. "Incremental Weight Elicitation for Multiobjective State Space Search". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 29, n.º 1 (16 de febrero de 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v29i1.9362.

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This paper proposes incremental preference elicitation methods for multiobjective state space search. Our approach consists in integrating weight elicitation and search to determine, in a vector-valued state-space graph, a solution path that best fits the Decision Maker's preferences. We first assume that the objective weights are imprecisely known and propose a state space search procedure to determine the set of possibly optimal solutions. Then, we introduce incremental elicitation strategies during the search that use queries to progressively reduce the set of admissible weights until a nearly-optimal path can be identified. The validity of our algorithms is established and numerical tests are provided to test their efficiency both in terms of number of queries and solution times.

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Douthit, Jeremy, Patrick Martin y Michelle McAllister. "Charitable Contribution Matching and Effort-Elicitation". Accounting Review, 11 de marzo de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/tar-2018-0186.

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We examine the effect of a charitable contribution matching (CCM) program on employee effort. In CCM programs, employers commit to match employees' donations to charity. We expect CCM to activate a norm of other-regarding behavior, inducing employees to increase effort to benefit their employer. Experimental results robustly support our expectation. We find that CCM increases effort under both fixed-wage and performance-based incentive contracts. Further, our results suggest CCM is more effective at eliciting effort than alternative uses of firm capital. Specifically, CCM is more effective at eliciting effort than the firm allocating an equivalent amount of capital to either direct firm charitable giving or increased performance-based pay. Our study suggests that CCM has efficient and robust effort-elicitation benefits that increase its value as a compensation tool incremental to any initial employee selection benefits from CCM and any effort benefits from firms' direct charitable giving.

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Khannoussi, Arwa, Alexandru-Liviu Olteanu, Christophe Labreuche y Patrick Meyer. "Simple ranking method using reference profiles: incremental elicitation of the preference parameters". 4OR, 20 de julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10288-021-00487-w.

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21

Yin, Bin, Xiaohong Chen, Wanyu Li y Jinyue Tian. "An Incremental Software Automation Testing for Space Telemetry, Track and Command Software Systems Based on Domain Knowledge". Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 22 de enero de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812662250133x.

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As a core component of the Space Telemetry, Track and Command (TT&C) system, the TT&C software’s quality is the key factor to ensure the successful implementation of space TT&C missions. Due to the complexity of space TT&C missions, incremental development is adopted in which frequent testing is required. Many problems of the original manual testing are exposed, such as large consumption of human resources, low efficiency of testing and quality highly relying on human expertise. Automatic testing method is urgently required. However, the testing of the TT&C software highly depends on the domain knowledge of space TT&C missions, which is complex and professional. This hinders the direct application of existing software automatic testing methods to the TT&C software. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an automatic testing method of the TT&C software based on domain knowledge. The domain knowledge description of the space TT&C domain is defined and a set of guidance principles for eliciting domain knowledge elicitation is given. Testing cases are automatically generated and executed by combining the domain knowledge and the image recognition results. Evaluations show that our method can realize the automatic testing of space TT&C software increments with higher accuracy. Its time cost is reduced by more than 50% compared with the manual testing, and will not increase rapidly with growing software maintenance scale. The time cost in domain knowledge elicitation will not affect the testing efficiency.

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22

Hitimana, Regis, Lars Lindholm, Ingrid Mogren, Gunilla Krantz, Manasse Nzayirambaho, Jean-Paul Semasaka Sengoma y Anni-Maria Pulkki-Brännström. "Incremental cost and health gains of the 2016 WHO antenatal care recommendations for Rwanda: results from expert elicitation". Health Research Policy and Systems 17, n.º 1 (5 de abril de 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12961-019-0439-9.

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23

Khannoussi, Arwa, Alexandru-Liviu Olteanu, Patrick Meyer y Nawal Benabbou. "A regret-based query selection strategy for the incremental elicitation of the criteria weights in an SRMP model". Operational Research 24, n.º 2 (4 de marzo de 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12351-024-00823-y.

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Mascaro, Steven, Yue Wu, Owen Woodberry, Erik P. Nyberg, Ross Pearson, Jessica A. Ramsay, Ariel O. Mace et al. "Modeling COVID-19 disease processes by remote elicitation of causal Bayesian networks from medical experts". BMC Medical Research Methodology 23, n.º 1 (29 de marzo de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12874-023-01856-1.

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Abstract Background COVID-19 is a new multi-organ disease causing considerable worldwide morbidity and mortality. While many recognized pathophysiological mechanisms are involved, their exact causal relationships remain opaque. Better understanding is needed for predicting their progression, targeting therapeutic approaches, and improving patient outcomes. While many mathematical causal models describe COVID-19 epidemiology, none have described its pathophysiology. Methods In early 2020, we began developing such causal models. The SARS-CoV-2 virus’s rapid and extensive spread made this particularly difficult: no large patient datasets were publicly available; the medical literature was flooded with sometimes conflicting pre-review reports; and clinicians in many countries had little time for academic consultations. We used Bayesian network (BN) models, which provide powerful calculation tools and directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) as comprehensible causal maps. Hence, they can incorporate both expert opinion and numerical data, and produce explainable, updatable results. To obtain the DAGs, we used extensive expert elicitation (exploiting Australia’s exceptionally low COVID-19 burden) in structured online sessions. Groups of clinical and other specialists were enlisted to filter, interpret and discuss the literature and develop a current consensus. We encouraged inclusion of theoretically salient latent (unobservable) variables, likely mechanisms by extrapolation from other diseases, and documented supporting literature while noting controversies. Our method was iterative and incremental: systematically refining and validating the group output using one-on-one follow-up meetings with original and new experts. 35 experts contributed 126 hours face-to-face, and could review our products. Results We present two key models, for the initial infection of the respiratory tract and the possible progression to complications, as causal DAGs and BNs with corresponding verbal descriptions, dictionaries and sources. These are the first published causal models of COVID-19 pathophysiology. Conclusions Our method demonstrates an improved procedure for developing BNs via expert elicitation, which other teams can implement to model emergent complex phenomena. Our results have three anticipated applications: (i) freely disseminating updatable expert knowledge; (ii) guiding design and analysis of observational and clinical studies; (iii) developing and validating automated tools for causal reasoning and decision support. We are developing such tools for the initial diagnosis, resource management, and prognosis of COVID-19, parameterized using the ISARIC and LEOSS databases.

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Garg, Nikhil, Rohit Garg, Apoorv Anand y Veeky Baths. "Decoding the neural signatures of valence and arousal from portable EEG headset". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 16 (6 de diciembre de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.1051463.

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Emotion classification using electroencephalography (EEG) data and machine learning techniques have been on the rise in the recent past. However, past studies use data from medical-grade EEG setups with long set-up times and environment constraints. This paper focuses on classifying emotions on the valence-arousal plane using various feature extraction, feature selection, and machine learning techniques. We evaluate different feature extraction and selection techniques and propose the optimal set of features and electrodes for emotion recognition. The images from the OASIS image dataset were used to elicit valence and arousal emotions, and the EEG data was recorded using the Emotiv Epoc X mobile EEG headset. The analysis is carried out on publicly available datasets: DEAP and DREAMER for benchmarking. We propose a novel feature ranking technique and incremental learning approach to analyze performance dependence on the number of participants. Leave-one-subject-out cross-validation was carried out to identify subject bias in emotion elicitation patterns. The importance of different electrode locations was calculated, which could be used for designing a headset for emotion recognition. The collected dataset and pipeline are also published. Our study achieved a root mean square score (RMSE) of 0.905 on DREAMER, 1.902 on DEAP, and 2.728 on our dataset for valence label and a score of 0.749 on DREAMER, 1.769 on DEAP, and 2.3 on our proposed dataset for arousal label.

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26

Luther, Kirk, Zak Keeping, Brent Snook, Hannah de Almeida, Weyam Fahmy, Alexia Smith y Tianshuang Han. "Nudging eyewitnesses: the effect of social influence on recalling witnessed events". Journal of Criminal Psychology, 25 de agosto de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-06-2023-0042.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to contribute to the literature on information elicitation. The authors investigated the impact of social influence strategies on eyewitness recall performance. Specifically, the authors examined the effect of social influence techniques (Cialdini, 2007) on recall performance (Experiment 1) and conducted a follow-up experiment to examine the incremental effect of social proof on the report everything cognitive interview mnemonic (Experiment 2). Design/methodology/approach Participants watched a video depicting vandalism (Experiment 1: N = 174) or a verbal altercation (Experiment 2: N = 128) and were asked to recall the witnessed event. Experiment 1: Participants were assigned randomly to one of six conditions: control (open-ended prompt), engage and explain (interview ground rules), consistency (signing an agreement to work diligently), reciprocity (given water and food), authority (told of interviewer’s training) and social proof (shown transcript from an exemplar participant). Experiment 2: The authors used a 2 (social proof: present, absent) × 2 (report everything: present, absent) between-participants design. Findings Across both experiments, participants exposed to the social proof tactic (i.e. compared to a model exemplar) spoke longer and recalled more correct details than participants not exposed to the social proof tactic. In Experiment 2, participants interviewed with the report everything mnemonic also spoke longer, recalled more correct details, more incorrect details and provided slightly more confabulations than those not interviewed with the report everything mnemonic. Originality/value The findings have practical value for police investigators and other professionals who conduct interviews (e.g. military personnel, doctors obtaining information from patients). Interviewers can incorporate social proof in their interviewing practices to help increase the amount and accuracy of information obtained.

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Squires, Hazel, Suzanne Mason, Colin O'Keeffe, Susan Croft y George Millington. "What impact would reducing low-acuity attendance have on emergency department length of stay? A discrete event simulation modelling study". Emergency Medicine Journal, 31 de octubre de 2023, emermed-2023-213314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2023-213314.

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BackgroundLong waiting times in the ED have been shown to cause negative outcomes for patients. This study aims to assess the effect in reducing length of stay of (1) preventing low-acuity attenders from attending the ED and (2) diverting low-acuity attenders at triage to a colocated general practice (GP) service.MethodsDiscrete event simulation was used to model a large urban teaching hospital in the UK, as a case study, with a colocated GP service. The Centre for Urgent and Emergency Care research database patient-level database (May 2015–April 2016), secondary literature and expert elicitation were used to inform the model. The model predicted length of stay, the percentage of patients being seen within 4 hours and the incremental cost-effectiveness of the colocated GP service.ResultsThe model predicted that diverting low-acuity patients to a colocated GP open 9:00 to 17:00 reduces the average time in the system for higher acuity attenders by 29 min at an estimated additional cost of £6.76 per patient on average. The percentage of higher acuity patients being seen within 4 hours increased from 61% to 67% due to the reduction in the length of stay of those who were in the ED for the longest time. However, the model is sensitive to changes in model inputs and there is uncertainty around ED activity durations, for which further primary data collection would be useful.ConclusionReducing the proportion of low-acuity attenders at the ED could have an impact on the time in the ED for higher acuity patients due to their use of shared resources, but is insufficient alone to meet current targets. The simulation model could be adapted for further analyses to understand which other changes would be needed to meet current government targets.

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Yang, Liping, Rong Wang, Zexu Ma, Yueqiang Xiao, Yuchen Nan, Yu Wang, Shaoli Lin y Yan-Jin Zhang. "Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Antagonizes JAK/STAT3 Signaling via nsp5, Which Induces STAT3 Degradation". Journal of Virology 91, n.º 3 (23 de noviembre de 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02087-16.

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ABSTRACT Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a pleiotropic signaling mediator of many cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-10. STAT3 is known to play critical roles in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, immunity and inflammatory responses. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection on the STAT3 signaling since PRRSV induces a weak protective immune response in host animals. We report here that PRRSV infection of MARC-145 cells and primary porcine pulmonary alveolar macrophages led to significant reduction of STAT3 protein level. Several strains of both PRRSV type 1 and type 2 led to a similar reduction of STAT3 protein level but had a minimal effect on its transcripts. The PRRSV-mediated STAT3 reduction was in a dose-dependent manner as the STAT3 level decreased, along with incremental amounts of PRRSV inocula. Further study showed that nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5) of PRRSV induced the STAT3 degradation by increasing its polyubiquitination level and shortening its half-life from 24 h to ∼3.5 h. The C-terminal domain of nsp5 was shown to be required for the STAT3 degradation. Moreover, the STAT3 signaling in the cells transfected with nsp5 plasmid was significantly inhibited. These results indicate that PRRSV antagonizes the STAT3 signaling by accelerating STAT3 degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. This study provides insight into the PRRSV interference with the JAK/STAT3 signaling, leading to perturbation of the host innate and adaptive immune responses. IMPORTANCE The typical features of immune responses in PRRSV-infected pigs are delayed onset and low levels of virus neutralizing antibodies, as well as weak cell-mediated immunity. Lymphocyte development and differentiation rely on cytokines, many of which signal through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to exert their biological effects. Here, we discovered that PRRSV antagonizes the JAK/STAT3 signaling by inducing degradation of STAT3, a master transcription activator involved in multiple cellular processes and the host immune responses. The nsp5 protein of PRRSV is responsible for the accelerated STAT3 degradation. The PRRSV-mediated antagonizing STAT3 could lead to suppression of a broad spectrum of cytokines and growth factors to allow virus replication and spread in host animals. This may be one of the reasons for the PRRSV interference with the innate immunity and its poor elicitation of protective immunity. This finding provides insight into PRRSV pathogenesis and its interference with the host immune responses.

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Yezegel, Ari. "The value of eliciting information: Evidence from sell-side analysts". Accounting Review, 17 de agosto de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/tar-2020-0308.

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The ability to elicit information is a critical skill that many analysts and other information agents strive to master. This paper develops and validates a novel approach to measure analysts’ skill in eliciting information and studies its relation with analysts’ performance. The results suggest that analysts who are skilled in eliciting information issue more accurate forecasts and more informative stock recommendations. Further, skilled analysts’ recommendations are incrementally more informative for companies with more opaque information environments and with managers who may be delaying bad news. Finally, analysts skilled in eliciting information are more likely to be cited by journalists, recognized by the profession (Institutional Investor All-Star status), and less likely to be demoted. These findings demonstrate the importance of elicitation as a distinct skill that influences analysts’ output quality, thereby extending previous research that generally focuses on the performance effects of general analyst characteristics rather than specific skills.

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