Tesis sobre el tema "Incorporation de protéines membranaires"
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Coutable, Angelique. "Incorporation de protéines membranaires produites par un système d'expression protéique acellulaire dans des bicouches lipidiques planes". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAT0042/document.
Texto completoIntegral membrane proteins play an essential role in the cell integrity preservation (transport of nutrients and ions, signal transduction, cell-cell interaction). In order to study these proteins, they have to be produced in vitro. Classical production of integral membrane proteins in microorganisms present many difficulties associated with their complex structure and also toxicity problems, preventing production of many of them. Moreover, to be efficiently produced, these proteins require an amphiphilic environment. In order to overcome these difficulties, we used a cell-free protein expression system, unaffected by the physiology ofliving cells. In addition, we chose to integrate them into artificial planar lipid bilayers. In a first part, we have developed the integration of an integral membrane protein forming a pore, the alpha hemolysin, in a supported lipid bilayer. Some proteins require more space on each side of the membrane, therefore in a second part, we have developed a tethered lipid bilayer membrane by liposome fusion on gold surfaces. We demonstrate that it is possible to incorporate membrane protein Aquaporin Z under certain conditions. The third part is dedicated to the formation of biomimetic membranes using lipid molecules from Escherichiacoli, we show that the membrane composition do not affect the protein incorporation. Finally, we have tested alpha hemolysin membrane proteins insertion in suspended lipid bilayers membranes to show that these proteins produced by the cell-free expression system are functional
Kazanji, Mirdad. "Étude de la protéine majeure de surface des sporozoïtes d'"Eimeria falciformis" : purification à l'aide d'anticorps monoclonaux, caractérisation immunologique et biochimique : induction d'une protection par voie orale après incorporation dans des ISCOMs". Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120025.
Texto completoTian, Meilin. "Structure-function studies of membrane proteins by site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066166.
Texto completoMembrane proteins including receptors, channels and transporters play crucial roles in biological processes such as physiological signaling and cellular functions. Description of dynamic structures and functions of proteins is fundamental to understand most processes involving biological macromolecules. The incorporation of unnatural amino acids (Uaas) containing distinct physical or chemical properties into proteins provides a powerful tool to define the challenging protein structure and dynamics. These probes allow monitoring and real-time detection of receptor conformational changes and signaling complexes. The genetic code expansion approaches have enabled the incorporation of Uaas serving as probes into proteins with molecular precision. Heritable expansion of the genetic code may allow protein biology to be investigated in a system-wide manner.With this strategy, photocrosslinking Uaas have been used to study GPCR structure/function relationship, such as identifying GPCR-ligand binding or protein-protein interactions, detecting dynamic changes with spectroscopic Uaas and bioorthogonal labeling. Based on relatively well-established applications of Uaa in GPCRs, here, functional assays are combined with the site-specific genetic incorporation of a photo-sensitive Uaa, p-azido-L-phenylalanine (AzF) into other membrane proteins, to probe protein conformational changes and protein interactions. Unlike photo-sensitive ligands that enable proteins in response to light, the site-specific insertion of light-sensitive Uaas facilitates directly light-sensitive proteins. Dynamic aspects of allostery are more challenging to visualize than static structural models. A photochemical strategy was presented to characterize dynamic allostery of neuronal NMDA receptors (NMDARs), which belong to the ionotropic glutamate receptor channel family and mediate the fast excitatory synaptic transmission associated with learning and memory. By combining AzF scanning and a robust light-induced functional assay the dynamics of NMDAR N-terminal domain (NTD) interfaces and novel allosteric regulation mechanism were uncovered, improving our understanding of the structural basis of NMDAR gating and modulation mechanism.Besides incorporation of photo-cross-linker AzF into neuronal receptors to detect the functional effect, AzF was used to trap transient and weak protein-protein interactions in an amino acid transporter LAT3, which is critical in prostate cancer. Screening technique was established by applying genetically encoded photo-cross-linker to examine interactions between LAT3 and unknown interactors and provide clues to identify the binding partners.Overall, the work reveals new informations about the allosteric modulation of channel activity and proteins interactions. These light-sensitive proteins facilitated by site-specific insertion of light-sensitive Uaas enable profiling diversity of proteins. The results will provide novel structural and functional information and may guide screening of therapeutic compounds for diseases associated with malfunctioning of these membrane proteins
Lanrezac, André. "Interprétation de données expérimentales par simulation et visualisation moléculaire interactive". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7133.
Texto completoThe goal of Interactive Molecular Simulations (IMS) is to observe the conformational dynamics of a molecular simulation in real-time. Instant visual feedback enables informative monitoring and observation of structural changes imposed by the user's manipulation of the IMS. I conducted an in-depth study of knowledge to gather and synthesize all the research that has developed IMS. Interactive Molecular Dynamics (IMD) is one of the first IMS protocols that laid the foundation for the development of this approach. My thesis laboratory was inspired by IMD to develop the BioSpring simulation engine based on the elastic network model. This model allows for the simulation of the flexibility of large biomolecular ensembles, potentially revealing long-timescale changes that would not be easily captured by molecular dynamics. This simulation engine, along with the UnityMol visualization software, developed through the Unity3D game engine, and linked by the MDDriver communication interface, has been extended to converge towards a complete software suite. The goal is to provide an experimenter, whether an expert or novice, with a complete toolbox for modeling, displaying, and interactively controlling all parameters of a simulation. The particular implementation of such a protocol, based on formalized and extensible communication between the different components, was designed to easily integrate new possibilities for interactive manipulation and sets of experimental data that will be added to the restraints imposed on the simulation. Therefore, the user can manipulate the molecule of interest under the control of biophysical properties integrated into the simulated model, while also having the ability to dynamically adjust simulation parameters. Furthermore, one of the initial objectives of this thesis was to integrate the management of ambiguous interaction constraints from the HADDOCK biomolecular docking software directly into UnityMol, making it possible to use these same restraints with a variety of simulation engines. A primary focus of this research was to develop a fast and interactive protein positioning algorithm in implicit membranes using a model called the Integrative Membrane Protein and Lipid Association Method (IMPALA), developed by Robert Brasseur's team in 1998. The first step was to conduct an in-depth search of the conditions under which the experiments were performed at the time to verify the method and validate our own implementation. We will see that this opens up interesting questions about how scientific experiments can be reproduced. The final step that concluded this thesis was the development of a new universal lipid-protein interaction method, UNILIPID, which is an interactive protein incorporation model in implicit membranes. It is independent of the representation scale and can be applied at the all-atom, coarse-grain, or grain-by-grain level. The latest Martini3 representation, as well as a Monte Carlo sampling method and rigid body dynamics simulation, have been specially integrated into the method, in addition to various system preparation tools. Furthermore, UNILIPID is a versatile approach that precisely reproduces experimental hydrophobicity terms for each amino acid. In addition to simple implicit membranes, I will describe an analytical implementation of double membranes as well as a generalization to arbitrarily shaped membranes, both of which rely on novel applications
Sénicourt, Lucile. "Etudes des protéines membranaires TSPO". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066308/document.
Texto completoTSPO are five-transmembrane domain proteins that form a protein family highly conserved throughout evolution and that are found in animals as well as in plants and bacteria.Animal TSPO (referred to as TSPO1), the most studied TSPO, is highly expressed in tissues involved in steroid biosynthesis where its precise role remains controversial. In some animal species the presence of a less characterized TSPO isoform, TSPO2, has been reported. TSPO2 was found to be located in the plasma membrane of red blood cells whereas TSPO1 is located in mitochondrial outer membrane. Plant TSPO, which is located in the endoplasmic reticulum, possesses an N-terminal extension that is absent in bacterial and animal TSPO. This TSPO, along with the bacterial TSPO, seems to be involved in stress regulation.The structural and functional studies of TSPO proteins conducted in this work required their production through recombinant expression because they are naturally non-abundant proteins.We made use of E. coli to produce the recombinant 15N,13C-labelled mouse TSPO1. Then the protein purified in detergent was studied through several methods (CD, fluorescence, NMR). High-affinity binding of PK11195 to TSPO1 stabilizes a conformation in DPC, which made possible the structure determination of the protein in solution by NMR by a German team. We have incorporated TSPO1 into DMPC/DPME liposomes in order to provide a native-like environment and we then studied it by solid-state NMR. Preliminary results are encouraging and open up a new approach for TSPO1 structure determination in presence or in absence of ligand.Human TSPO2 overexpression in E. coli proved to be difficult and we therefore use the cell-free method. The amounts we obtained by this method allows us to consider future developments of structurefunction relationship studies.Production and purification of 13C,15N labelled N-terminal of A. thaliana TSPO have made it possible to determine its structure by liquid state NMR. Interaction of this peptide with charged lipids revealed by NMR, suggests a new fonction of AtTSPO in lipid trafficking
Vernhet, Laurent. "Incorporations comparées de l'acide arachidonique, de l'acide 12 (s)-hydroxyeïcosatetraenoïque, 15 (s)-hydroxyeïcosatetraenoïque et de l'acide eïcosapentaenoïque dans les phospholipides membranaires des cellules épitheliales hépatiques non-transformées et spontanement transformées : effets sur les signaux impliquant des phospholipases et sur la croissance cellulaire". Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN1B034.
Texto completoSidore, Marlon. "Etude de l'énergétique de l'assemblage des protéines membranaires". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0547/document.
Texto completoMembrane proteins represent on average 50% of the mass of cellular membranes. However, specialized membranes can have from 20 to 90% of their mass in proteins. In this context, the importance of the assembly of membrane proteins in coherent, dynamic and functional complexes isn't to be proven anymore. The goal of my project is to understand the different forces that lead to the assembly of membrane proteins. For this aim, I am using the Aquaporin Z (AqpZ) model protein from Escherichia coli, which is studied in our laboratory. First, I use a coarsed grain molecular dynamics approach with adaptive biasing forces to study the relations between orientations of two AqpZ monomers. Surprisingly, there are forces propagating at long distance, presumably by the lipids which in turn bias the relative orientations between the proteins. The second axis of my work is the study of lipid enrichments around native or mutated AqpZ, at different distances, with the use of a complex membrane accounting for the lipid diversity of the inner membrane of E.coli. In this analysis, cardiolipin is enriched near the protein. Finally, I built a system containing 125 AqpZ monomers in a simple or complex membrane, which represents 50% protein by weight. This system allowed me to examine the spontaneous evolution of such a crowded system, but also to investigate the fate of the long distance forces and the lipid enrichments at the protein surface in this context
Dancourt, Julia. "La voie de biosynthèse de l'oligosaccharide lié au dolichol : caractérisation moléculaire de pathologies associées et stratégies d'identification de nouvelles protéines impliquées". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05N27S.
Texto completoN-glycosylation is the major modification of membrane and secretory proteins. It starts by the assembly of a dolichol-linked oligosaccharide (DLO) on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Deficiencies of the DLO biosynthetic pathway are associated with a group of diseases called type I "congenital disorders of glycosylation" (CDGs I), of which 12 subtypes are descibed so far. They are rare autosomic recessive diseases, characterized by severe multisystemic symptoms. This thesis reports the molecular diagnosis of two new CDG I cases, one of which comprises the first CDG Ih description. The study of CDG I raises several questions concerning the general understanding of N-glycosylation. With this in mind, this thesis deals with more fundamental aspects of this the pathway as it details the discovery of a new glycosyltransferase involved in DLO biosynthesis.
Touret, Nicolas. "Etude des relations structure-fonction de l'échangeur Na+ / H+ (NHE-1)". Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5614.
Texto completoMelnikov, Igor. "Méthodes de diffraction pour la cristallographie des protéines membranaires". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV041/document.
Texto completoIn this study the methodological aspects for producing high-resolution crystal structures of membrane proteins were combined and reported here as well as their implication for the concrete biologically-relevant case of structural investigation of transmembrane histidine kinase working principles.In X-ray crystallography protein crystal samples vary in sizes, shapes and diffracting abilities. To be able to collect the diffraction data in the most efficient way the crystal sample should be properly characterised on-axis in every particular case. Raster X-ray scan has been found to be the most viable technique to do so and in this context a method of crystal sample analysis for protein crystallography is presented here which is based on the X-ray mesh scan technique developed at the ESRF. The method estimates the positions, sizes and quality of diffraction of each crystal in the scanned area which could be further useful for the rational design of the data collection process. The performance of the method is demonstrated on several protein crystal samples.Another bottleneck in production of crystal structures of proteins is in commonly known phase problem. The most widespread techniques to deal with the structure that cannot be phased using molecular replacement are SAD or MAD-based experimental phasing. This implies incorporation of various anomalous scatterers to the crystal structure. In the list of available scatterers halides are particularly stood out mostly because their low toxicity and easiness of handling but at the same time their capability of producing anomalous signal. The protocol of cryo-soaking of the protein crystals in halide-containing solutions has shown to be successful on soluble protein structures. In the current study this protocol was tested on four different crystal structures of membrane proteins. The presented findings state and further support experimentally that iodide could be easily and successfully used for addressing the phase problem in the case of membrane protein crystal structures.Sensor histidine kinases are ones of the most common transmembrane receptors present in all kingdoms of life. The understanding of transmembrane signalling principles of sensor histidine kinases is a fundamental question that currently remains unanswered. In order to get to the idea of which structural changes provide the transmission of the signal across the lipid membrane in this work the crystal structure of the truncated construct of the histidine kinase NarQ of Escherichia coli – a sensor of nitrates/nitrites – which contains periplasmic sensor domain, transmembrane helices and HAMP domain at the cytoplasmic side was determined in the ligand-bound and mutated apo states. The presented structures provide an insight on the conformational changes occurring in the transmembrane domain and in the downstream HAMP domain during the ligand-induced signal transduction. The progress of the structural investigation was greatly enhanced by the involvement of the methodological findings presented in this work. This impact and as well the prospective outcomes of this work to both methodological and applied disciplines of structural biology and X-ray crystallography in particular are discussed
Mawoussi, Kodjo. "Effet de l'encombrement des protéines sur la diffusion des lipides et des protéines membranaires". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066541/document.
Texto completoLateral diffusion of lipids and transmembrane proteins is essential for biological functions. In the cellular context, the surface fraction of membrane proteins is high, reaching approximately 50 to 70% depending on the membrane type. Therefore, diffusion occurs in a very crowded environment. The aim of this work is to study in vitro the effect of protein crowding on their own diffusion and on those of the surrounding lipids. So far, lateral diffusion measurements generally have been carried out at low protein density, and the effect of proteins crowding has not been much studied experimentally. We used a single particle tracking (SPT) method to track the trajectories of the Bacterorhodopsin (BR) proton pump and of lipids labeled with quantum dots at the bottom of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) as a function of the total surface fraction (Ф) of BR reconstituted in 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) membrane
Arce, Lopera Jaime. "Les protéines membranaires, leurs hélices et leur repliement : analyses sur les structures expérimentales connues". Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22049.pdf.
Texto completoMembrane proteins function in an anisotropic and heterogeneous environment. This environment can be divided in several distinct zones which have different influences on the structure of membrane proteins. Therefore, I created and analysed a database of membrane proteins of known structure annotated beyond usual standards. After validating the structural annotation, I show that the different structural elements that constitute these proteins display marked composition biases that probably derive from the environment's influence. An exam of the helix bundle organisation in our database is enough to see that understanding each individual interaction between helices is difficult. That is why I created Ptuba, a program to project the helices, in order to concentrate, accumulate or modify information from many sources to render it more comprehensible and thus useable. The two step model establishes that the network of interactions between transmembrane helices drive the assembly of membrane proteins. I tested this hypothesis by the analysis of interaction energies between elements in our database. The result is that this model works for interactions within chains but not for interactions between chains. The reason behind this difference is a population bias in the type of interactions involved. In fact, although two different types of interactions exist, it is not their nature but the relative population of these interactions that gives rise to the difference in interactions between chains. This analysis of the nature and assembly of different structural elements in membrane proteins improves our comprehension of the stabilty of these proteins and could evently be used in annotation or structure prediction methods
Huon, de Kermadec Yann. "Les nanodisques comme outil pour l'étude de protéines membranaires intégrales". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAV025/document.
Texto completoMembrane proteins represent around 2/3 of therapeutic targets. However, the development of new drugs is hampered by the lack of structural data for many proteins. Membrane proteins are indeed difficult to handle and to maintain stable in solution, which complicates their study by structural methods. Proteins are usually stabilized by surfactants like detergents, amphipols, hemifluorinated compounds and peptergents. It is also possible to study those proteins in an environment mimicking their native conditions by incorporating them in lipid membranes such as liposomes, bicelles or nanodiscs.Nanodiscs are self-assembled proteolipidic particles, composed of a scaffold protein and lipids. This technology is a top-notch model membrane system, which provides a detergent free environment to study membrane proteins in solution. Further advantages are the possibility to vary the lipid composition and the accessibility of the incorporated protein from both sides of the membrane.During my PhD project, I have achieved the insertion of several membrane proteins into nanodiscs for functional, biophysical and structural characterizations. In particular, we have studied Bmra, an ABC transporter involved in multidrug resistance and tried to identify the conformational changes of the protein in nanodiscs by electron microscopy. The interaction of YedZ, a NADPH oxidase homologue, with potential soluble partners has been studied by various methods such as cross-linking, surface plasmon resonance and native mass spectrometry. In parallel, the mechanism of nanodiscs assembly has been investigated. An interaction between the scaffold protein and divalent cations has been revealed. This interaction influences the oligomerization of the scaffold protein but also the nanodiscs homogeneity. Those observations allowed us to improve the preparation of the nanodiscs, which was an essential step torward the success of many structural approaches. In particular, we were able to explore their accessibility to protein crystallography
Gassart, Aude de. "Bases moléculaires du tri des protéines membranaires dans les exosomes". Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20160.
Texto completoEspesset, David. "Formation du canal ionique de la colicine A et inhibition par la protéine d'immunité : une affaire d'hélices transmembranaires". Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11033.
Texto completoKossinova, Olga. "Insights into the selenocysteine incorporation mechanism in mammals". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6221.
Texto completoThe amino acid selenocysteine is encoded by a UGA triplet which acts generally as a stop codon. A specialized machinery is used to incorporate this amino acid into selenoproteins, involving a specific stem-loop, termed SelenoCysteine Insertion Sequence (SECIS), and some protein factors. One of those is the SECIS Binding Protein 2 (SBP2), which is necessary for ribosome recognition of the UGA as the Sec codon. Using synthetic selenocysteine mRNAs and translational inhibitors, several steps of mRNA translation were analyzed. The data obtained allowed us to propose the following mechanism for selenocysteine insertion : during the transpeptidation step of elongation, SBP2 is bound to the ribosome; however, after transpeptidation, SBP2 leaves the ribosome and binds the SECIS in the pre-translocation step. We showed earlier that SBP2 binds specifically to the purified human 60S but not to the 40S ribosome subunits but the actual location was unknown. The SBP2•40S, SBP2•60S and SBP2•80S complexes were thus studied using crosslinking reagents. SBP2 did not crosslink to the 40S subunit in either the 40S•SBP2 or 80S•SBP2 complexes, correlating with the binding data. However, SBP2 crosslinks to the 60S subunit in either the free state or in the 80S ribosome. I next showed that the 28S rRNA contributes more to the crosslink than ribosomal proteins. This led us to use hydroxyl radical footprinting to study the molecular environment of SBP2 on the ribosome. According to the probing data, the binding of SBP2 to the human 60S subunit protects 2 helices in expansion segment 7 of the 28S rRNA. I proposed that the SBP2 binding site is located in the vicinity of the L7/L12 stalk
La, Fuente Veronica de. "Participation au projet de séquençage du génome de Bacillus subtilis 168 : séquençage et analyse d'une région chromosomique de 11 kb". Poitiers, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995POIT2302.
Texto completoMeyer, Thomas. "Caractérisation électrochimique et spectroscopique de protéines membranaires immobilisées sur des nanomatériaux". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF004/document.
Texto completoThe field of bioenergetics concerns the study of exchange and transformation of energy in living organisms. This manuscript proposes an electrochemical and spectroscopic study of the fourth complex of the respiratory chain, the terminal oxidases. The aim of this study was to understand the influence of some properties of these enzymes (potential of the cofactors, pH dependency…) on the catalytic mechanism. The first part describes an immobilization procedure which retains the protein activity and structure. This procedure has been applied for the study the inhibition of the proton pathways of cytochrome aa3 oxidase from P. denitrificans and shows the importance of proton transfer on the oxygen reduction. In a second study, two isoforms of cytochrome cbb3 oxidase were compared. No differences were observed between them until now. Our electrochemically induced FTIR spectroscopy study suggests the implication of different acidic residues during the redox reaction implying differences in the mechanism of these enzymes. The last part deals with the comparison of terminal oxidases of different types and shows the influence of the relative order of the midpoint potentials of the hemes on the oxygen reduction
Basit, Hajra. "Interfaces fonctionnelles pour l'immobilisation de protéines membranaires : concept, caractérisation et applications". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685163.
Texto completoRemeeva, Alina. "Développement des nouvelles approches pour nano volume cristallisation des protéines membranaires". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENY001.
Texto completoA new method for crystallization of membrane proteins (MPs) from interconnected amphiphilic bilayers (IAB) was recently developed. In this approach proteins crystallized directly from the membranes and it is postulated that crystallization is driving mostly by the properties of the lipidic mesophase as a whole but not by individual features of the detergents. The detergent plays a role of the modulator of these properties. Application of this crystallization method to the wide range of MPs is very promising since it dramatically facilitates crystallization. However, one needs to perform a number of screening experiments for each new MP to determine the optimal parameters of the lipidic mesophase for certain protein. To do so with limited amounts of MPs, especially human proteins, which are usually very difficult to produce in sufficient amount, the application of the high throughput robotic systems for nano volume crystallization could be the only solution. The major goal of this work is the transfer of the present approach for large scale crystallization of MPs from IAB to the nano volumes. To do so a large variety of crystallizations experiments were carried out for different MPs. The facts, which influence the crystallization results, as well as structural information obtained were carefully analyzed. It was demonstrated that large crystals of different MPs suitable for X-ray crystallography can be reproducibly obtained using this nano volume crystallization method. The first chapter “Introduction” includes a general description of MPs, different approaches for crystallization of MPs, their advantages and limitations. The overview of membrane proteins, which are studied in this work, the information available and unsolved problems are presented. The second chapter presents the materials and methods used in the study. The third chapter “Results and Discussions” describes the results obtained and their interpretation. To begin with, nano volume crystallization from IAB of bacteriorhodopsin and the comparison with large scale crystallization approach is presented. Detailed nano volume crystallizations in the presence of fluorinated surfactants and poloxamers were performed for the first time and described in details. The application of nano volume approach for the crystallization of the complex of sensory rhodopsin II from Natronomonas pharaonis with its cognate transducer and the proteins complex with important mutation in the transducer, which eliminates the action of the proteins, is presented. Nano volume crystallization results for another complex of two MPs – triple mutant of BR, which operates like a signal transductor, together with transducer from Natronomonas pharaonis are described. A light-driven chloride pump halorhopsin from Natronomonas pharaonis was also crystallized by new approach and crystallization results are presented. The structure of new MP – bifunctional enzyme cytidine-5′-triphosphate:inositol-1-phosphate cytidylyltransferase/ di-myo-inositol-1,3-phosphate-1-phosphate synthase from hyperthermophiles Archaeoglobus fulgidus was solved using the crystals obtained by nano volume crystallization from IAB. Structure details, significance and proposed mechanism of the enzymatic action are discussed. The final conclusions as well as the perspectives of the developed methods are given in the last chapter of the thesis
Rivoyre, Matthieu de. "Expression et purification de protéines membranaires mammifères impliquées dans des pathologies". Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4062.
Texto completoMembrane-bound proteins play a significant role in cell function due to their position in between the cell and the external medium. These proteines are for this reason, involved in a number of human diseases. Knowing membrane-bound proteins will allow us to better understand several biological and pathophysiological functions. Furthermore, their localisations make them interesting therapeutic targets. Knowing the structure of proteins gives a tremendous amount of information on their functions. To date, even if several thousands structures of soluble proteins have been solved; only less than two hundred structures of membrane-bound proteins are known. This important difference is partly due to the fact that membrane-bound proteins are difficult to obtain pure in a stable conformation in order to determine their three-dimensional structures. Recombinant expression of membrane-bound proteins has a high variability depending on the nature of the protein studied. Our research team is therefore interested in the development of recombinant expression and purification strategies of membrane-bound proteins involved in numerous human diseases, in order to study their functions but also to establish structurefunction relationships. My thesis work has focused on the expression and the purification of human receptors of the Hedgehog pathway, Patched and Smoothened. Alteration of these two proteins is known to be involved in numerous cancers but also in some neurological diseases. These two proteins have been expressed in two different systems : yeast cells Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris and also in drosophila cells S2. We have been able to show that the protein Smoothened is expressed in Pichia pastoris in its native conformation in yeast cells an dit is therefore possible to purify it in order to perform structural studies. Patched and Smoothened have also been stably and functionaly expressed in S2 cells. This system is also interesting to perform comparative studies between drosophila and human proteins
Costes, Florence. "Analyse physico-chimique de glycolipides utilisés pour l'étude de protéines membranaires". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30193.
Texto completoKöhler, Sebastian. "Etude de bicouches lipidiques amarrées destinées à l'incorporation de protéines membranaires". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALS023.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates the structure of tethered lipid bilayer membranes, which are lipid bilayers chemically grafted to a planar surface. Compared to other model membrane systems they show increased stability, but have a higher complexity in structure, which requires thorough investigation. The structure of tethered lipid bilayers is strongly influenced by the molecular architecture of the grafting molecules. Within the framework of this thesis, two different types of tether architecture were investigated. The first was a lipid bilayer tethered to a gold surface and using a single alkyl chain to anchor the membrane, while the second used a synthetic lipid-like molecular structure and was bound to a silicon surface by silane chemistry. Three main objectives for those systems were pursued: (i) to investigate tethered bilayers with high fractions of the lipid cardiolipin, (ii) to investigate the structural differences between tethered membranes having different surface grafting molecules, and (iii) to investigate the incorporation of the membrane protein NhaA into these systems. Cardiolipin has a unique structure characterized by four fatty acid chains, which leads to interesting effects on bilayer structure, as well as interaction with several membrane proteins. Tethered membranes with high cardiolipin fractions of up to 80 % were structurally characterized by neutron reflectometry, and their electrophysiological properties were investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. In both tethered bilayer architectures, cardiolipin containing membranes showed a very condensed structure with high electrical sealing properties. Differences in tether architecture mainly affected the structure of the water-filled sub-membrane space. The tethered bilayers grafted to a gold surface showed very low water content below the membrane, while the sub-membrane space of bilayers grafted to a silicon surface was highly hydrated. Finally, NhaA was successfully incorporated into both tether architecture systems at high fractions without damaging the tethered lipid bilayer structure significantly. This makes tethered membranes containing elevated amounts of cardiolipin a promising model membrane system for protein incorporation and offers possibilities for further technological uses of tethered lipid bilayers
Ramus, Claire. "Développements de méthodes d'analyses protéomiques différentielles pour l'étude des protéines membranaires". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10051.
Texto completoStudy of the dynamic protein expression, which is essential for the understanding of cellular functions and mechanisms, requires the development of differential proteomic strategies. The involvement of membrane proteins in numerous essential cellular processes makes their targeted anaIysis particularly interesting. In order to specifically study membrane proteins, over the last few years, proteomics approaches have been developed and are now routinely used in our laboratory. Relying on this experience we undertook the developmer of dlfferent strategies for the quantitative analysis of these previously enriched membrane proteins. - Firstly, clfferential isotopic labeling of proteins using chemical reagents such as ICAT was adapted to the study of a model membrane protein (ANT -1). The optimised strategy, involving labeling proteins in the presence of high concentrations of ses and urea, was then applied to the quantitative analysis of thylakoid membrane preparations or of membrane fractions obtained from murine embryonic stem ceIIs. The identification of a membrane protein specifically expressed in totipotent stem cells fully validates our strategy. - During the course of the extensive study of the Arabidopsis thaliana chloroplast envelope membrane, a quantitative protein analysis wa! also carried out using synthetic trypsic peptides. This strategy was applied to compare the protein expression patterns of envelope proteins from wild type and mutant plants, the latter being caracterised by the deletion of the gene coding for the hypothetical lE18 translocator. This work allowed the evaluation of new quantitative software modules currently developed in the laboratory
Furois-Corbin, Sylvie. "Contribution à l'étude théorique des biopolymères : acides nucléiques et protéines membranaires". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066384.
Texto completoKhao, Jonathan. "Les protéines membranaires : perturbations de l'environnement et conséquences sur leur assemblage". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22098.
Texto completoIn their native membranes, membrane proteins can form multimeric assemblies implicated in a wide range of biological processes, from signal transduction to organelle structure. Their aggregation is influenced by the relations they have with the membrane. Through this thesis, I study the mutual influence between membrane proteins and their environment using numerical simulations. The study of a model protein detergent complex has revealed the presence of two competing forces : cohesion between detergents maintaining the micellar structure, and adhesive interactions to certain peptide surfaces. The balance between these forces leads to a certain frustration of the system, and to the exposure of hydrophobic surfaces to the solvent, explaining phenomena observed experimentally. These results show the importance of peptide surface topology on the organization of the complex. To characterize the influence of the protein component on amphiphiles, a configuartional entropy estimator has been developed. Measures realized on 15 coarse grained membrane systems show that the protein ability to match the membrane hydrophobic thickness to its own is the main factor responsible for entropic variations. However, beyond the simple contributions of protein hydrophobic width, the variety of behaviors in the first shell of lipids show a role of proteins in interaction modulation. Variations observed at longer ranges then seem to be a key factor in the interactions between membrane proteins. In the context of a collaboration, the description of a membrane plane by high speed atomic force microscopy allowed to characterize the energetic landscape of interactions between membrane proteins. By combining these results with those obtained by coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations, low energy paths have been identified and underly the importance of lipids in the organization and dynamics of proteins aggregates. All these data allow to further understand the mutual influence between proteins and amphiphiles constituting their environment and the aggregations phenomena in a biological and experimental context
Tricottet, Viviane. "Méthodes immunoenzymatiques ultrastructurales avant inclusion : applications à la détection de protéines intracellulaires de protéines liées aux membranes et de protéines extracellulaires". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P611.
Texto completoRaffy, Sophie. "Approche biophysicochimique de l'électroinsertion de protéines membranaires au niveau de bicouches lipidiques". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30234.
Texto completoBoeuf, Julien. "Caractérisation des GASP, une nouvelle famille de protéines impliquées dans le trafic intracellulaire des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/BOEUF_Julien_2008.pdf.
Texto completoG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), one of the most important family of proteins, are distributed at the plasma membrane and are implicated in cell communication. They represent major targets for pharmaceutical drugs and their function is tightly regulated. Recently, we identified a novel family of proteins interacting with GPCRs. This family, called GASP, could have an important function in the proteolysis of the GPCRs, which is considered as a key feature of the regulation of GPCR activity. My PhD work focused on the domains of GASPs and GPCRs that are critical for the interaction between these two kinds of proteins, identifying a novel protein-protein interaction motif and designing and developing a small peptide capable of preventing this interaction. I also focused on the interaction between GASP-1 and -2 and the acetylcholine muscarinic M1 receptor, and the consequences of this interaction on the proteolysis of this receptor, showing for the first time the implication of GASPs in the intracellular trafficking of fast recycling GPCR. Finally, I studied the physiological role of GASP-1 using transgenic animals deficient in this protein. These mice showed notably alteration in behavioral and biochemical adaptive mechanisms related to acute and prolonged administration of cocaine. The regulation of the circadian rhythms was also assessed. Despite the lack of difference in terms of sleep-activity rhythm between wild-type and mutant mice, an interaction between the GASPs and the PER clock proteins, that leads to the modification of their subcellular distribution, was observed
Fourel, Didier. "La porine OmpF d'Escherichia Coli : assemblage et fonctions". Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX30028.
Texto completoPozza, Alexandre. "Surexpression hétérologue et purification du transporteur membranaire ABCG2 : mécanisme d'interaction avec des substrats et des inhibiteurs spécifiques". Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10327.
Texto completoABCG2 is an ABC half-transporter involved in multidrug resistance of cancer cells. Our aim is to understand the mechanism of transport and of interaction with specific inhibitors. After some unsuccessful attempts in bacteria, ABCG2 was functionally overexpressed with the insect cells/baculovirus system. The effects of some inhibitors on ATPase activity were studied, as well as the capacity of binding to the purified transporter. This allowed to bring evidence for a different inhibition mechanism for the same inhibitor between the wild-type and R482T mutant of the transporter. The difference in transport-substrate spectrum induced by the mutation is not due to binding, but more likely related to membrane translocation. The recombinant protein appears as two bands, the difference of which is probably of conformational origin
Al-Dabbagh, Bayan. "Etude de deux enzymes paralogues MraY et WecA impliquées dans la biosynthèse de la paroi bactérienne, membres d’une famille de protéines membranaires Polyprényl-phosphate n-acétyl-hexosamine 1-phosphate transférases". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112091.
Texto completoThe mray transferase is an integral membrane protein that catalyzes an essential step of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, namely the transfer of the phospho-n-acetylmuramoyl pentapeptide motif onto the undecaprenyl phosphate carrier lipid. It belongs to a large superfamily of eukaryotic and prokaryotic prenyl sugar transferases. Nineteen polar residues located in the five cytoplasmic segments of mray appeared as invariants in the sequences of mray orthologues. A certain number of these invariant residues were found to be conserved in the whole superfamily. To assess the importance of these residues in the catalytic process, site-directed mutagenesis was performed using the bacillus subtilis mray as a model. Fourteen residues were shown to be important for mray activity by an in vivo functional complementation assay using a constructed conditional mray mutant strain. The corresponding mutant proteins were purified and biochemically characterized. None of these mutations did significantly affect the binding of both the nucleotidic and lipidic substrates, but the kcat was drastically reduced in almost all cases. The important residues for activity appeared to be distributed in all the cytoplasmic segments, indicating that these five regions contribute to the structure of the catalytic site. Our data show that the d98 residue which is invariant in the whole superfamily should be involved in the deprotonation of the lipid substrate during the catalytic process. The effects of magnesium (required for mray activity) on the activity of the wild-type and mutant proteins were tested. Moreover, our results suggest the involvement of h45, d174 and d177 residues in the binding of the metal ion. We also studied the catalytic mechanism of mray. Based on our present results, we here propose a reaction proceeding via a single displacement mechanism. In this “one-step” mechanism, the oxyanion of the undecaprenyl-phosphate attacks the β phosphate of the nucleotidic substrate leading to the formation of lipid i and the liberation of ump. During this thesis, we were also interested in studying the weca transferase, an integral membrane protein, paralogue of mray. In this thesis and for the first time, the weca protein was overproduced and purified to near homogeneity in milligram quantities. Its kinetic parameters and biochemical characterization were determined. Another aspect of our work concerned the research of new antibacterial drugs. Indeed, mray, an essential integral membrane protein is a promising potential target to be exploited for new antibacterial discovery. Based on the structure of the liposidomycin, a natural inhibitor of mray, new compounds were synthesized. Their effects on the enzymatic activity of mray were analyzed. In the case of one compound, an important inhibition was observed with an ic50 of 0. 58 mm. In the last part of this manuscript we investigated the specificity of interaction of a new type a lantibiotic, termed claucin, isolated from bacillus claucii with the lipid precursors of the peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Our data show that these lipid intermediates are the targets of this new lantibiotic. However, no interaction was observed when undecaprenyl-phosphate, udp-murnac-pentapetide and its analogue the pyrophosphate-murnac-pentapeptide were tested
Lazrak, Tarik. "Renforcateurs membranaires : etude structurale et evolution biochimique". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13167.
Texto completoNicolas, François. "Les entérocytes humains peuvent trier les protéines apicales avant leur polarisation". Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30074.
Texto completoMehmood, Shahid. "Caractérisation structurale de protéines membranaires par échange hydrogène/deutérium spectrométrie de masse". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00767335.
Texto completoMajjaj, Samira. "Caractérisation d'anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre des protéines membranaires induites par l'IFN-a". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212079.
Texto completoLebaupain, Florence. "Développement de l'utilisation des tensioactifs fluorés pour la biochimie des protéines membranaires". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066348.
Texto completoTaïb, Nada. "Etude par dynamique moléculaire des protéines membranaires dans un milieu lipidique cohérent". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13468.
Texto completoSulaeman, Sheiam. "Rôle des protéines membranaires dans l'adaptation de Campylobacter à son environnement alimentaire". Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2097.
Texto completoCampylobacter is known to be the major cause of bacterial foodborne illness worldwide. As a foodborne microaerophilic micro-organism, this pathogen can survive transitionally throughout the food processing, surpassing the lethal ambient air. Consequently, this pathogen has to develop adaptation strategies to reach the human gut. In this study, we have explored adaptation strategies of Campylobacter by testing its capability to adhere to inert surfaces and also the role of membrane proteins under oxidative conditions. Using an innovative technique, we have demonstrated a high intra and inter-species variability in the adhesion capability to inert surfaces of Campylobacter. Different adhesion capability was also observed as a function of the environment with a higher adhesion in oxydative conditions. A subproteomic analysis on each of the two membrans of C. Jejuni indicated that some proteins involved in adhesion to biotic and abiotic surfaces and in virulence were over-expressed. Finally, an additional study of the membrane complexome, using 2D-BN/SDS-PAGE, identified functional entities involved in the molecule transport and the virulence of C. Jejuni. Taken together, these data indicate that this pathogen modifies its biological and physiological characteristics in the conditions out of its natural habitat which favours its persistence in food environment sensu lato and enhance its virulence factors
Renaudin, Xavier. "Rôle de FANCA dans la régulation de la neddylation de protéines membranaires". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112187.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis was to find new substrates of the E3-ubiquitin ligase activity of theFANC Core complex, mutated in the rare genetic disorder Fanconi Anemia. This disease ischaracterized by bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities and predisposition tocancer. Eight of the 16 known FANC proteins participate in the FANCcore nuclear complex,which has E3 ubiquitin-ligase activity and monoubiquitinates FANCD2 and FANCI inresponse to replication stress.In this thesis, I used mass spectrometry to compare cellular extracts from FANC Corecomplex deficient FA-A and FA-C cells to their ectopically corrected counterparts after agenotoxic stress.FANCD2 and FANCI appear to be the only true direct targets of the FANCcore complex.However, I also identified other proteins that undergo post-translational modifications throughFANCA- or FANCC-specific direct or indirect mechanisms that are independent of theFANCcore complex. The majority of these potential FANCA or FANCC target proteinslocalize to the cell membrane.Finally, I demonstrated that (a) the chemokine receptor CXCR5 is a neddylated protein; (b)FANCA, surprisingly, appears to modulate CXCR5 neddylation through a currently unknownmechanism; (c) CXCR5 neddylation is involved in the targeting of this receptor to the cellmembrane; and (d) CXCR5 neddylation stimulates cell migration/motility.I also confirmed that the role of FANCA in neddylation is not restrict to CXCR5 but also to,at least, one other protein, APLP2.My work has uncovered a new signaling pathway that is potentially involved in the rarehuman syndrome Fanconi Anemia and in cell motility and has highlighted a potential newfunction for the FANCA protein independant of the FANC Core complex and of a genotoxicstress
Muller, Benjamin. "Création d'une banque de scFv-phages ciblant des protéines hydrophiles ou membranaires". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13511.
Texto completoNowadays, more than 60% of marketed drugs target membrane proteins. However, their study still represents a challenge, essentially due to their particular 3D-structure (hydrophobic transmembrane domains and hydrophilic extra- and intra-cellular domains), but also to their low expression level in cells.Ciloa, the start-up company in which I realized my PhD, has developed a patented technology that enables to express native membrane proteins on exosomes, membrane vesicles of 30 to 100nm, using a pilot peptide called DCTM (for Cytosolic Domain of TransMembrane). This technology displays a lot of different applications, in different domains such as drug screening, vaccines development or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) development.The purpose of my PhD research was, first, to set up the recombinant exosomal tool using Ciloa's innovative technology, and then to use this tool to develop monoclonal antibodies.Thus, at the beginning of my PhD, I set up exosomal characterization technics, such as ELISA, and I also took part in the setup of several production and purification protocols, depending of the use of exosomes. Once these tools had been optimized, I was able to use them to develop mAbs. I tested two methods, one classical, the generation of hybridoma after Balb/c mice immunizations, and a more recent technology, the screening of scFvs library by phage display.Therefore, I obtained hybridoma and was able to screen the derived antibodies by ELISA on exosomes. Concerning the phage display technology, I took part in the development of a new scFvs library, based on the 13R4 scaffold, of which we changed the CDRs lengths, mostly the CDRH3, in order to target epitopes with low accessibility, such as the one of membrane proteins. The library screening was realized on recombinant exosomes
Muller, Benjamin. "Création d'une banque de scFv-phages ciblant des protéines hydrophiles ou membranaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON13511.
Texto completoNowadays, more than 60% of marketed drugs target membrane proteins. However, their study still represents a challenge, essentially due to their particular 3D-structure (hydrophobic transmembrane domains and hydrophilic extra- and intra-cellular domains), but also to their low expression level in cells.Ciloa, the start-up company in which I realized my PhD, has developed a patented technology that enables to express native membrane proteins on exosomes, membrane vesicles of 30 to 100nm, using a pilot peptide called DCTM (for Cytosolic Domain of TransMembrane). This technology displays a lot of different applications, in different domains such as drug screening, vaccines development or monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) development.The purpose of my PhD research was, first, to set up the recombinant exosomal tool using Ciloa's innovative technology, and then to use this tool to develop monoclonal antibodies.Thus, at the beginning of my PhD, I set up exosomal characterization technics, such as ELISA, and I also took part in the setup of several production and purification protocols, depending of the use of exosomes. Once these tools had been optimized, I was able to use them to develop mAbs. I tested two methods, one classical, the generation of hybridoma after Balb/c mice immunizations, and a more recent technology, the screening of scFvs library by phage display.Therefore, I obtained hybridoma and was able to screen the derived antibodies by ELISA on exosomes. Concerning the phage display technology, I took part in the development of a new scFvs library, based on the 13R4 scaffold, of which we changed the CDRs lengths, mostly the CDRH3, in order to target epitopes with low accessibility, such as the one of membrane proteins. The library screening was realized on recombinant exosomes
Levy, Aurore. "Palmitoylation et trafic des protéines neuronales apparentées à la stathmine". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066300.
Texto completoDuval, Caroline. "Elaboration de dérivés du pullulane à amphiphilie contrôlée : Application à l'extraction de protéines membranaires intégrales". Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES003.
Texto completoStudy of integral membrane proteins is of great importance for the understanding of cellular mechanisms, such as photosynthesis, respiration, or bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Those highly hydrophobic proteins are water insoluble; surfactants are thus necessary for their handling in aqueous solutions. Among surfactants recently developed for this use, amphiphilic polymers called amphipols display interesting potential. Amphiphilic biopolymers with similar properties would be particularly attractive. Therefore, we tried to develop hydrophobically-modified polysaccharides able to extract integral membrane proteins and to make them soluble, under non-denaturing conditions. Pullulan is a water-soluble, flexible polysaccharide. Its chemical modification is well controlled. A set of amphiphilic pullulan derivatives with moderate molar mass ( " 30 000 g. Mol-1) was prepared. Carboxymethyl groups were first introduced (0,2 to 1,2 per anhydroglucose unit) to favor water-solubility of amphiphilic derivatives. Large extents (up to 48%) of alkyl (C8 to C12) and 3-phenylpropyl hydrophobic chains were then grafted through amide or ester linkages. Amphiphilic carboxymethylpullulans display surface-active properties. Hydrophobic microdomain formation was evidenced in aqueous solution. According to the samples studied, various aggregation phenomena were observed. Some amphiphilic carboxymethylpullulans are actually able to extract membrane proteins from their lipid surrounding. Comparison of their capacities led to identify C4?18C10d (pullulan with 18% decyl groups and 91% ungrafted carboxymethyl groups) as the most efficient sample. The effect of this amphiphilic biopolymer on protein activity is similar to that of a mild detergent
Belleannée, Clémence. "Analyse protéomique de la membrane du spermatozoïde et de son milieu environnemant au cours de la maturation épididymaire". Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4016.
Texto completoMammalian spermatozoa acquire the ability to fertilize ovocyte during their transit throught epididymis where they are submitted to biochemical modifications under environmental control. These modifications mainly concern sperm surface proteins which are minor coumpounds. In boar, we developped a methodology based on labeling, differencial extraction and purification of sperm surface proteins which allowed identification by nano-LC/MS/MS of more than 170 compounds. By the help of quantitative approaches (1D-2D electrophoresis, iTRAQ) comparative analysis of these proteins in successive epididymal regions ensured identification of biomarkers of maturation. Sperm surface proteins were caracterized in two other species: bull and horse. Thanks to analysis of remaining (proteome) and secreted (secretome) proteins in bovine fluid from different epididymal regions, new luminal proteins were identified. All together these results open perspectives in individual caracterization of proteins related to epididymal maturation and/or fertility
Teboul, David. "Approches structurales de la protéine translocatrice TSPO par microscopie électronique". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066733.
Texto completoRajas, Fabienne. "Étude des espèces moléculaires impliquées dans l'association des lysosomes et endosomes aux microtubules". Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1T086.
Texto completoChirivino, Dafne. "Rôle de l’ezrine dans l’endocytose et la stabilité des récepteurs de type tyrosine kinase". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112281.
Texto completoEzrin is a member of the ERM protein family, which provides a regulated linkage between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. Ezrin has been involved in the trafficking of membrane proteins however its function in this process is as of yet unknown. Two-hybrid screens performed with ezrin as baits led to the identification of proteins involved in membrane protein transport. We analyzed the function of ezrin association with two new interactors: the HOPS complex subunit Vps11 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1. Vps11 is a member of the tethering HOPS complex that coordinates Rab and SNARE functions during vesicular fusion along the endocytic pathway. We have investigated the role of ezrin/Vps11 interaction in the endocytosis of the EGF receptor. We have shown that the interaction between ezrin and the HOPS complex promotes endosome maturation and is necessary for EGF receptor transport from early to late endosomes, therefore participating in the regulation of EGFR endocytosis and degradation. WWP1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase of the Nedd4 family. A role for WWP1 was identified in the regulation and degradation of growth factors receptors and transcription factors. We have shown that Ezrin/WWP1 interaction results in ezrin ubiquitylation, but is not involved in regulating ezrin degradation. Rather, we were able to show that this ubiquitylation likely mediates protein interaction and that the binding between ezrin and WWP1 promotes c-Met receptor stabilization. Altogether our results indicate that ezrin participates in the control of tyrosine kinase receptor degradation by regulating the assembly of multimeric complexes involved in protein trafficking and ubiquitylation
Mekpoh, Flavien. "Signalisation Nodal à courte et longue distance chez l'oursin Paracentrotus lividus : rôles potentiels de Cripto, d'Univin et d'une modification post-traductionnelle". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066664.
Texto completoTGF-beta family member Nodal plays essential roles in the development of many organisms. In the sea urchin embryo, Nodal acts upstream of gene regulatory network controlling the regionalization of the ectoderm along the dorsal-ventral axis. Nodal is expressed very early in the presumptive ventral ectoderm where its activity is required for specification of the ventral and dorsal ectoderm. In this context, there is evidence that Nodal activity is limited to the ectoderm by its antagonist Lefty. However, recent studies have shown that Nodal also plays a role in the regionalization of the mesoderm precursors in vegetative pole of the embryo, territory distant from Nodal expression domain. In my thesis, I have attempted to clarify the mechanisms by which Nodal signals over long range, using the sea urchin, by analyzing the roles of different factors that modulate the activity of the Nodal signaling pathway. The first factor is Cripto, a membrane protein of the EGF-CFC family. In vertebrates, Cripto acts as a coreceptor for Nodal, which is also the target of the Nodal antagonist: Lefty. In addition, we analyzed the role of TGF-beta ligand, Univin, an ortholog of Vg1/GDF1, and the effect of post-translational modification of Nodal on its ability to signal over long-range. Taken together, results of these studies suggest that partners such as Cripto or Univin, but also post-translational modifications such as glycosylation, may potentiate the activity of Nodal signaling and therefore play a major role in regulating Nodal long-range signaling
Medina, Emmanuelle. "Identification du réseau moléculaire associé à la protéine CRUMBS : Implication pour sa fonction dans la morphogenèse des cellules épithéliales chez la drosophile". Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22018.
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