Tesis sobre el tema "Incomplètes"
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Minini, Pascal. "Modélisation des observations longitudinales incomplètes". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA11T060.
In longitudinal studies, subjects are repeatedly observed to obtain measurements of some response. The protocol of such studies plans to collect a fixed number of responses for each subject, during a predefined follow-up period. However, it is extremely rare that all the planned measurements are actually performed. The analysis of incomplete data has become a major topic in statistics during the last years. Many methods have been proposed, but it is generally impossible to check their validity. It is now recommended to perform a sensitivity analysis, to evaluate the extent to which the results from a study can be affected by different assumptions regarding the missing data process. This report highlights the need for a sensitivity analysis, and shows how this aim can be achieved in three different situations, normal data, binary data and survival data
Ostermann, Pascal. "Logiques modales et informations incomplètes". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ESAE0013.
Ould, Amar Zakaria. "Factorisations incomplètes sur architectures massivement parallèles". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212403.
Caron, Bernard. "Capture-Recapture. Problématique des listes incomplètes". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26263/26263.pdf.
Almeida, Jean d'. "Courbes de l'espace projectif : séries linéaires incomplètes et multisécantes". Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10087.
Cordier, Marie-Odile. "Informations incomplètes et contraintes d'intégrité : le moteur d'inférences sherlock". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112233.
Baudry, Maximilien. "Quelques problèmes d’apprentissage statistique en présence de données incomplètes". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1002.
Most statistical methods are not designed to directly work with incomplete data. The study of data incompleteness is not new and strong methods have been established to handle it prior to a statistical analysis. On the other hand, deep learning literature mainly works with unstructured data such as images, text or raw audio, but very few has been done on tabular data. Hence, modern machine learning literature tackling data incompleteness on tabular data is scarce. This thesis focuses on the use of machine learning models applied to incomplete tabular data, in an insurance context. We propose through our contributions some ways to model complex phenomena in presence of incompleteness schemes, and show that our approaches outperform the state-of-the-art models
Lambert, Tony. "Hybridation de méthodes complètes et incomplètes pour la résolution de CSP". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130790.
de prendre en compte une hybridation entre les méthodes incomplètes et les méthodes complètes. Dans ce contexte, la résolution s'apparente à un calcul de point fixe d'un ensemble de fonctions de réductions spécifiques. Notre cadre générique permet alors d'envisager des stratégies de combinaisons et d'hybridation de manière plus fine et d'étudier leurs propriétés. Nous avons employé un cadre général approprié pour modéliser la résolution des problèmes d'optimisation et nous présentons des résultats
expérimentaux qui mettent en avant les atouts de telles
combinaisons en regard d'une utilisation indépendante des techniques de résolution.
Bernard, Francis. "Méthodes d'analyse des données incomplètes incorporant l'incertitude attribuable aux valeurs manquantes". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6571.
Paquet, Marie-France. "Une approche à simulation pour le traitement des données longitudinales incomplètes". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010080.
Chagny, Gaëlle. "Estimation adaptative avec des données transformées ou incomplètes. Application à des modèles de survie". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863141.
Boubertakh, Rédha. "Synthèse de Fourier régularisée : Cas des données incomplètes et application à l'IRM cardiaque rapide". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112269.
We address the problem of image reconstruction in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from fast acquisitions that sample a small number of data along non Cartesian trajectories. These acquisitions are of great interest, specifically in dynamic cardiovascular imaging. Because of the intrinsic properties of the MRI, a trade-off must be made between the reduction of the acquisition time, the preservation of the spatial resolution and he signal to noise ratio. To improve this tradeoff, we propose a modelling of the acquisition process valid for any sampling trajectory in the image Fourier plane. This model takes into account the exact localisations of the data and does not carry out any direct estimation of the missing data. The reconstruction is then a Fourier synthesis problem and is carried out by an iterative minimization of a convex criterion composed of a fidelity term to the data and of a regularization term. An important part of this work consisted in optimizing the calculation of the fidelity term in order to speed-up the reconstruction. The regularization term incorporates prior information resuming some characteristics of the cardiovascular images which allow to compensate the lack in data information. We choose to introduce spatial smoothness constraints to decrease the noise while preserving the discontinuities between different areas. The developed method was evaluated on numerical simulations and real spiral acquisitions of a phantom and of the heart and compared to a reference reconstruction. The obtained results allowed to demonstrate the validity of the approach to inverse the aliasing artefacts due to data undersampling, to improve the signal to noise ratio and to preserve the spatial resolution of the images. These results show that the reduction of the acquisition time is possible without a notable degradation of the quality of the reconstructed images
Ould, Mohamed Moctar Salem. "Méthodes analytiques de reconstruction 2D de régions d’intérêt à partir de projections incomplètes mais suffisantes". Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STET4017.
Medical tomography in 2D consists of reconstructing a section of the human body from its projections (measurements taken from outside the section). The standard method of Filtered Backprojection (FBP) is able to reconstruct an object if and only if all of its projections are available. If, for some physical reasons (small detectors, low X-ray dose, limited scanning , etc. ) projections are incomplete, the Differentiated Backprojection (DBP) and the Virtual Fanbeam methods are available to reconstruct some region of interest (ROI) of the object provided the incomplete projections are sufficient. Both of these methods have their constraints and limitations. This thesis deals with the improvement and development of the method of virtual fanbeam. Original results, including new explicit reconstruction formulas, that extend the scope of the method of virtual fanbeam are presented. It is also shown how to combine this method with FBP to reconstruct some ROI that can not be reconstructed by existing methods. Illustrative numerical simulations are also presented
El, Abed Abir. "Suivi multi-objets par filtrage particulaire dans un contexte de données incomplètes et/ou manquantes". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066304.
Dellal, Ibrahim. "Gestion et exploitation de larges bases de connaissances en présence de données incomplètes et incertaines". Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0016/document.
In the era of digitilization, and with the emergence of several semantic Web applications, many new knowledge bases (KBs) are available on the Web. These KBs contain (named) entities and facts about these entities. They also contain the semantic classes of these entities and their mutual links. In addition, multiple KBs could be interconnected by their entities, forming the core of the linked data web. A distinctive feature of these KBs is that they contain millions to trillions of unreliable RDF triples. This uncertainty has multiple causes. It can result from the integration of data sources with various levels of intrinsic reliability or it can be caused by some considerations to preserve confidentiality. Furthermore, it may be due to factors related to the lack of information, the limits of measuring equipment or the evolution of information. The goal of this thesis is to improve the usability of modern systems aiming at exploiting uncertain KBs. In particular, this work proposes cooperative and intelligent techniques that could help the user in his decision-making when his query returns unsatisfactory results in terms of quantity or reliability. First, we address the problem of failing RDF queries (i.e., queries that result in an empty set of responses).This type of response is frustrating and does not meet the user’s expectations. The approach proposed to handle this problem is query-driven and offers a two fold advantage: (i) it provides the user with a rich explanation of the failure of his query by identifying the MFS (Minimal Failing Sub-queries) and (ii) it allows the computation of alternative queries called XSS (maXimal Succeeding Sub-queries), semantically close to the initial query, with non-empty answers. Moreover, from a user’s point of view, this solution offers a high level of flexibility given that several degrees of uncertainty can be simultaneously considered.In the second contribution, we study the dual problem to the above problem (i.e., queries whose execution results in a very large set of responses). Our solution aims at reducing this set of responses to enable their analysis by the user. Counterparts of MFS and XSS have been defined. They allow the identification, on the one hand, of the causes of the problem and, on the other hand, of alternative queries whose results are of reasonable size and therefore can be directly and easily used in the decision making process.All our propositions have been validated with a set of experiments on different uncertain and large-scale knowledge bases (WatDiv and LUBM). We have also used several Triplestores to conduct our tests
Perchat, Etienne. "MINI-élément et factorisation incomplètes pour la parallelisation d'un solveur de Stokes 2D : application au forgeage". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005654.
Cette approche mène à des systèmes linéaires symétriques non définis positifs que l'on peut inverser avec un solveur itératif. L'introduction de préconditionneurs par factorisation incomplète LDL(0) ainsi que l'optimisation de la résolution non-linéaire nous permet de concurrencer une méthode directe sur un maillage de plus de 3000 noeuds.
Une stratégie de parallélisation SPMD couplée avec un solveur itératif avec préconditionnement diagonal aboutit à, un solveur parallèle simple et efficace, ne dépendant ni de la partition ni du nombre de domaines. Différentes stratégies sont envisagées pour développer des factorisations incomplètes parallèles. Un préconditionneur additif de Schwarz est notamment proposé. Celui-ci est construit à partir des matrices locales, complétées sur leur diagonale aux interfaces et avec un coefficient de sur-relaxation. Des résultats sur des simulations industrielles sont donnés par une machine parallèle à mémoire partagée. Ceux-ci, obtenus sur des problèmes 2D et 3D, prouvent la pertinence de notre approche.
Les stratégies développées permettent ainsi de réduire de manière significative les temps de simulation de la majorité des cas industriels. Elles permettent aussi d'élargir les champs d'application des codes de calcul à des simulations industrielles très complexes ou avec des maillages de plus de 15000 noeuds en 2D
Anne, Sabourin. "Mélanges bayésiens de modèles d'extrêmes multivariés, Application à la prédétermination régionale des crues avec données incomplètes". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880873.
Perchat, Étienne. "MINI-Élément et factorisations incomplètes pour la parallélisation d'un solveur de stokes 2d : application au forgeage". ENSMP, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENMP0944.
In this contribution, we present the parallelisation of a 2D finite element code dedicated to the simulation of hot metal forging of axisymetrical workpieces. The constitutives equations leads to a generalised Stokes problem. The spatial discretisation is carried out by an original mixed finite element approach based on a stabilisation of the so-called MINI-element P1+P1. This approach allows to solve the associated symmetric non positive definite systems with an iterative solver. The introduction of incomplete factorisation preconditionner LDL(0) and the optimisation of the non-linear resolutions allow the sequential code to compete with a direct solver on meshes larger than 300 nodes. A SPMD parallelisation strategy combined with the iterative solver with diagonal scaling produce a simple parallel code that do not depend of the partition nor of the number of domains. We consider various strategies to develop parallel incomplete factorisations. We propose an additive Schwarz preconditionner, built up from the local matrices completed at the interfaces on their diagonal. We present the results obtained on some 2D and 3D industrial applications carried out on a shared memory parallel computer. It proves the relevance of our approach. The strategy we developped reduce significantly the simulation time for most of the industrials applications. This allow to extend the applications of our code to very complex industrial simulations or to problems with meshes larger than 15000 nodes in 2D
Dantan, Etienne. "Modèles conjoints pour données longitudinales et données de survie incomplètes appliqués à l'étude du vieillissement cognitif". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21658/document.
In cognitive ageing study, older people are highly selected by a risk of death associated with poor cognitive performances. Modeling the natural history of cognitive decline is difficult in presence of incomplete longitudinal and survival data. Moreover, the non observed cognitive decline acceleration beginning before the dementia diagnosis is difficult to evaluate. Cognitive decline is highly heterogeneous, e.g. there are various patterns associated with different risks of survival event. The objective is to study joint models for incomplete longitudinal and survival data to describe the cognitive evolution in older people. Latent variable approaches were used to take into account the non-observed mechanisms, e.g. heterogeneity and decline acceleration. First, we compared two approaches to consider missing data in longitudinal data analysis. Second, we propose a joint model with a latent state to model cognitive evolution and its pre-dementia acceleration, dementia risk and death risk
Joseph, Claire. "Sur le contrôle optimal des équations de diffusion et onde fractionnaires en temps à données incomplètes". Thesis, Antilles, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANTI0164/document.
In this thesis, we are interested in the résolution of optimal control problems associated to fractional diffusion-wave equations in time with incomplete data, and where derivatives are understood in Riemann-Liouville sense
Sabourin, Anne. "Mélanges bayésiens de modèles d'extrêmes multivariés : application à la prédétermination régionale des crues avec données incomplètes". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10137/document.
Uni-variate extreme value theory extends to the multivariate case but the absence of a natural parametric framework for the joint distribution of extremes complexifies inferential matters. Available non parametric estimators of the dependence structure do not come with tractable uncertainty intervals for problems of dimension greater than three. However, uncertainty estimation is all the more important for applied purposes that data scarcity is a recurrent issue, particularly in the field of hydrology. The purpose of this thesis is to develop modeling tools for the dependence structure between extremes, in a Bayesian framework that allows uncertainty assessment. Chapter 2 explores the properties of the model obtained by combining existing ones, in a Bayesian Model Averaging framework. A semi-parametric Dirichlet mixture model is studied next : a new parametrization is introduced, in order to relax a moments constraint which characterizes the dependence structure. The re-parametrization significantly improves convergence and mixing properties of the reversible-jump algorithm used to sample the posterior. The last chapter is motivated by an hydrological application, which consists in estimating the dependence structure of floods recorded at four neighboring stations, in the ‘Gardons’ region, southern France, using historical data. The latter increase the sample size but most of them are censored. The lack of explicit expression for the likelihood in the Dirichlet mixture model is handled by using a data augmentation framework
Mohd, Salleh Mohd Najib. "Construction d'arbres de décision avec valeurs incomplètes pour la sélection de graines de palmier à huile". La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS240.
A missing value in incomplete information always inherent the accuracy of classification tasks when a decision tree is used to classify unseen cases. There will be cases where plausible values are required to retain towards more principled and less intrusive. In order to handle the attribute with missing values, the researcher generalizes decision algorithms that provide simpler and more understandable models to optimally fulfill human expert requirement and constraint. Our objective is to partition data by taking full advantage of the information with the presence of missing values ; but with supporting global information to achieve better performance. The contributions of this study are newly developed algorithms and analyses for planting material classification. The researcher reports the empirical results that may provide high returnin planting material breeders in oil palm industry through effective policies design and decision making
Tellini, Nicolò. "Quantification du tri des lignées incomplètes et de l'introgression au cours de l'histoire évolutive de Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. https://intranet-theses.unice.fr/2023COAZ6038.
The study of the distribution of the genetic variation within and across populations provides insights into the evolutionary history of a species. Moreover, the access to large genomic datasets allows the investigation of the evolutionary processes that shape the species' segregating variation. In this work, we retrace the evolutionary history of the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae through the detection and classification of shared polymorphisms with its sister species Saccharomyces paradoxus. We identify shared polymorphisms acquired because hybridization followed by introgression and polymorphisms that persist across the process of speciation and diversification resulting in instances of incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). We define a dataset of biallelic diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus that we use as diagnostic marker to describe the genomic composition of 1,673 S. cerevisiae, for which short-read whole-genome sequencing were publicly available. We develop a marker-based method for the detection and classification of diagnostic markers organized either in 1) blocks of consecutive S. paradoxus markers or in 2) genome-wide isolated S. paradoxus markers. For the blocks, we describe the boundaries, the distribution across the S. cerevisiae collection and we retrace the S. paradoxus origin by sequence comparison with telomere-to-telomere whole genome assemblies of the main S. paradoxus populations. For a recurrent event, we performed an assay to evaluate the fitness effect of carrying a S. paradoxus haplotype at a single locus encompassing a gene-pair involved in the degradation of toxic compounds for the yeast. We demonstrate that the S. paradoxus haplotype confers an advantage over the S. cerevisiae haplotype in environmental conditions that are characteristic of the niche that the S. cerevisiae population inhabits. For the isolated markers, we apply a classical method for detecting signatures of incomplete lineage sorting, which can explain the excess of genome-wide distributed S. paradoxus markers in certain populations of S. cerevisiae. We show convincing evidence of retention of ancestral alleles in a single wild S. cerevisiae population that stands at the root of the species. We speculate about the persistence of such ancestral variation because of reduced possibility of outcrossing with other S. cerevisiae populations into the wild due to fewer generations and less dramatic bottlenecks that were instead experienced by the other lineages during dispersal and domestication. Overall, we retraced histories of divergence and secondary contacts across S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus populations and unveiled a compelling case of interspecies introgression with a functional outcome
Francois, Olivier. "De l'identification de structure de réseaux bayésiens à la reconnaissance de formes à partir d'informations complètes ou incomplètes". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00126033.
techniques d'apprentissage de structure de réseaux bayésiens a été
effectuée, car même s'il peut en exister très ponctuellement, il
n'existe pas de comparaisons plus globales de ces algorithmes.
De multiples phases de tests nous ont permis d'identifier quelles
méthodes souffraient de difficultés d'initialisation et nous avons
proposé une technique pour les résoudre.
Nous avons ensuite adapté différentes méthodes d'apprentissage de
structure aux bases de données incomplètes et avons notamment
introduit une technique pour apprendre efficacement une structure arborescente.
Cette méthode est ensuite adaptée à la problématique plus spécifique
de la classification et permet d'apprendre efficacement et en toute
généralité un classifieur de Bayes Naïf augmenté.
Un formalisme original permettant de générer des bases de données
incomplètes ayant des données manquantes vérifiant les hypothèses MCAR
ou MAR est également introduit.
De nombreuses bases synthétiques ou réelles ont alors été utilisées
pour tester ces méthodes d'apprentissage de structure à partir de
bases incomplètes.
Ferrani, Yacine. "Sur l'estimation non paramétrique de la densité et du mode dans les modèles de données incomplètes et associées". Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0370/document.
This thesis deals with the study of asymptotic properties of e kernel (Parzen-Rosenblatt) density estimate under associated and censored model. In this setting, we first recall with details the existing results, studied in both i.i.d. and strong mixing condition (α-mixing) cases. Under mild standard conditions, it is established that the strong uniform almost sure convergence rate, is optimal. In the part dedicated to the results of this thesis, two main and original stated results are presented : the first result concerns the strong uniform consistency rate of the studied estimator under association hypothesis. The main tool having permitted to achieve the optimal speed, is the adaptation of the Theorem due to Doukhan and Neumann (2007), in studying the term of fluctuations (random part) of the gap between the considered estimator and the studied parameter (density). As an application, the almost sure convergence of the kernel mode estimator is established. The stated results have been accepted for publication in Communications in Statistics-Theory & Methods ; The second result establishes the asymptotic normality of the estimator studied under the same model and then, constitute an extension to the censored case, the result stated by Roussas (2000). This result is submitted for publication
Ferrani, Yacine. "Sur l'estimation non paramétrique de la densité et du mode dans les modèles de données incomplètes et associées". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0370.
This thesis deals with the study of asymptotic properties of e kernel (Parzen-Rosenblatt) density estimate under associated and censored model. In this setting, we first recall with details the existing results, studied in both i.i.d. and strong mixing condition (α-mixing) cases. Under mild standard conditions, it is established that the strong uniform almost sure convergence rate, is optimal. In the part dedicated to the results of this thesis, two main and original stated results are presented : the first result concerns the strong uniform consistency rate of the studied estimator under association hypothesis. The main tool having permitted to achieve the optimal speed, is the adaptation of the Theorem due to Doukhan and Neumann (2007), in studying the term of fluctuations (random part) of the gap between the considered estimator and the studied parameter (density). As an application, the almost sure convergence of the kernel mode estimator is established. The stated results have been accepted for publication in Communications in Statistics-Theory & Methods ; The second result establishes the asymptotic normality of the estimator studied under the same model and then, constitute an extension to the censored case, the result stated by Roussas (2000). This result is submitted for publication
François, Olivier. "De l'identification de structure de réseaux bayésiens à la reconnaissance de formes à partir d'informations complètes ou incomplètes". Rouen, INSA, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ISAM0016.
Cayrac, Didier. "Diagnostic opérationnel exploitant des connaissances incomplètes. Une approche basée sur la théorie des possibilités - application au diagnostic de satellites". Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30158.
Faller, Benoît. "Traitement de connaissances incomplètes sur une application nécessitant un "pattern matching" efficace : le jeu de la carte au Bridge". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112224.
This thesis presents an expert system JOSEPHINE for cards playing at the Bridge game. It gives only plans of play for no-trumps contracts, playing with the dummy. In this application informations are incomplete, because we don’t know all the cards of the players. Thus we have to deal with hypothesis. JOSEPHINE infers some conditional facts, which are relevant unknown information about how to play. JOSEPHINE uses the TANGO inference engine, and it’s pattern matching operation was optimized
Véran, Sophie. "Quantifier l'impact des activités humaines à partir de données incomplètes : effets de la pêche palangrière sur l'albatros à pieds noirs". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20185.
Blanc, Beyne Thibault. "Estimation de posture 3D à partir de données imprécises et incomplètes : application à l'analyse d'activité d'opérateurs humains dans un centre de tri". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0106.
In a context of study of stress and ergonomics at work for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders, the company Ebhys wants to develop a tool for analyzing the activity of human operators in a waste sorting center, by measuring ergonomic indicators. To cope with the uncontrolled environment of the sorting center, these indicators are measured from depth images. An ergonomic study allows us to define the indicators to be measured. These indicators are zones of movement of the operator’s hands and zones of angulations of certain joints of the upper body. They are therefore indicators that can be obtained from an analysis of the operator’s 3D pose. The software for calculating the indicators will thus be composed of three steps : a first part segments the operator from the rest of the scene to ease the 3D pose estimation, a second part estimates the operator’s 3D pose, and the third part uses the operator’s 3D pose to compute the ergonomic indicators. First of all, we propose an algorithm that extracts the operator from the rest of the depth image. To do this, we use a first automatic segmentation based on static background removal and selection of a moving element given its position and size. This first segmentation allows us to train a neural network that improves the results. This neural network is trained using the segmentations obtained from the first automatic segmentation, from which the best quality samples are automatically selected during training. Next, we build a neural network model to estimate the operator’s 3D pose. We propose a study that allows us to find a light and optimal model for 3D pose estimation on synthetic depth images, which we generate numerically. However, if this network gives outstanding performances on synthetic depth images, it is not directly applicable to real depth images that we acquired in an industrial context. To overcome this issue, we finally build a module that allows us to transform the synthetic depth images into more realistic depth images. This image-to-image translation model modifies the style of the depth image without changing its content, keeping the 3D pose of the operator from the synthetic source image unchanged on the translated realistic depth frames. These more realistic depth images are then used to re-train the 3D pose estimation neural network, to finally obtain a convincing 3D pose estimation on the depth images acquired in real conditions, to compute de ergonomic indicators
Amavizca, Ruiz Ligia Miriam. "Reconstruction 3D du bassin humain à partir d'images multimodales incomplètes : application à l'assistance de la chirurgie de la prothèse totale de la hanche (PTH)". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0092.
This thesis is situated within the context of total hip prosthesis replacement (THR) computer-assisted surgery systems. The goal of thiswork is to construct a 3D hip model of the patient from partial data. The standard THR planning process simply relies on X-ray image whereas THR computer-assisted systems use a 3D hip volume reconstructed from medical imagining techniques such as MRI, CT or Scanner. Nevertheless, 3D volumes reconstruction presents somedisadvantages : (i) there is a long waiting time to get the imagining study , (ii) due to their cost, machines are not available in all clinics, (iii) a complete automatic segmentation process for the 3D volume constructions is not jet available and (iv) some patients can not be exposed to some imagining techniques such as MRI, CT or Scannerstudies. Considering these problems, we make two main contributions in this work :-a study of the exploitable characteristics of hip and femur for 3D model reconstruction,-a methodology for 3D hip volume reconstruction using minimally invasive imagining techniques : a single radiographic image (2D data)and a few echographic images (3D data). The proposed method consist of three main stages: (i) data acquisition of the radiographic and echographic images of the patient hip, (ii)inference of the hip atlas of the patient and (iii) 3D hip volume reconstruction by a mesh deformation that adapts to the infered atlas. These stages pose different problems related to the representation of the generic atlas, to the inference process, and tothe radiographic and echographic data processing. To solve this problematic we use Bayesian techniques
Deparis, Stéphane. "Etude de l'effet du conflit multicritère sur l'expression des préférenes : Une approche empirique". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740658.
Mounier, Nicolas. "Analyse de survie ajustée par la qualité de vie : adaptation de la méthode Q-TWiST par l'incorporation de modèles permettant la prise en compte des données incomplètes". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077128.
Gu, Co Weila Vila. "Méthodes statistiques et informatiques pour le traitement des données manquantes". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808585.
Moreau, Cédric. "Stratégies de reconstruction du sens en langue des signes française à partir de données incomplètes en et hors contexte : perspectives pour la constitution d’un lexique-dictionnaire à entrée directe en langue des signes". Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA083515.
While the mind can isolate, in a relevant way, minimum production structures in sign language as meaningful elements, they must be performed simultaneously, to be activated in real life communication. Therefore a new paradigm can be defined claiming from iconicity, Gestalt and catastrophe theories. This theoretical framework leads us to identify and describe the strategies used by signers in their attempts to reconstruct meaning from truncated input data in and out of context. This work provides for new issues for reflection in the making of sign language dictionaries / lexicons. These tools should be built from the prägnanz of such primary and secondary morphemic subspaces but also from the dynamic weighting of constituting morphemic units. We should also underline the need for not limiting the elements in current dictionaries to single lexicalized signs but extending them to transfer structures
Mahenc, Philippe. "Différenciation horizontale en information incomplète". Toulouse 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU10019.
Grün, Christine. "Jeux différentiels stochastiques à information incomplète". Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0017/document.
The objective of this thesis is the study of stochastic differential games with incomplete information. We consider a game with two opponent players who control a diffusion in order to minimize, respectively maximize a certain payoff. To model the information incompleteness we will follow the famous ansatz of Aumann and Maschler. We assume that there are different states of nature in which the game can take place. Before the game starts the state is chosen randomly. The information is then transmitted to one player while the second one only knows the respective probabilities for each state. In this thesis we establish a dual representation for stochastic differential games with incomplete information. Therein we make a vast use of the theory of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs), which turns out to be an indispensable tool in this study. Moreover we show how under some restrictions that this representation allows to construct optimal strategies for the informed player.Morover we give - using the dual representation - a strikingly simple proof for semiconvexity of the value function of differential games with incomplete information. Another part of this thesis is devoted to numerical schemes for stochastic differential games with incomplete information. In the last part we investigate continuous time optimal stopping games, so called Dynkin games, with information incompleteness. We show that these games have a value and a unique characterization by a fully non-linear variational PDE for which we provide a comparison principle. Also we establish a dual representation for Dynkin games with incomplete information
Gruen, Christine. "Jeux différentiels stochastiques à information incomplète". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802378.
Barboux, Cécile. "Contrôle par objections d'une théorie incomplète". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20063.
Laraki, Rida. "Jeux répétés à information incomplète : approche variationnelle". Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066263.
Gensbittel, Fabien. "Analyse asymptotique de jeux répétés à information incomplète". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579522.
Lu, Hu. "Information incomplète, efficacité et design de mécanismes d'échange". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ35615.pdf.
Wu, Xiaochi. "Jeux différentiels avec information incomplète : signaux et révélations". Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0023/document.
In this thesis we investigate two-person zero-sum differential games with incomplete information. The information structure is related to a signal communicated to the players during the game.In such games, the information is symmetric if both players receive the same signal (namely it is a public signal). Otherwise, if the players could receive different signals (i.e. they receive private signals), the information is asymmetric. We prove in this thesis the existence of value and the characterization of the value function by a partial differential equation for various types of such games.A particular type of such information structure is the symmetric case in which the players receive as their signal the current state of the dynamical system at the moment when the state of the dynamic hits a fixed target set (the unknown initial data are then revealed to both players). For this type of games, we introduce the notion of signal-depending non-anticipative strategies with delay and we prove the existence of value with such strategies.As the value functions are in general irregular (at most continuous), a crucial step of our approach is to prove the uniqueness results and the comparison principles for viscosity solutions of new types of Hamilton-Jacobi-Isaacs equation associated to the games studied in this thesis
As, Soulaimani Sami. "Approchabilité, viabilité et jeux différentiels en information incomplète". Brest, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BRES2034.
In this thesis we study three main problems related to the lack of information framework in game theory. First, we study the notion of approachability in a repeated game with vector payoffs from a new point of view using qualitative differential game techniques. Namely we relate the sufficient condition for approachability (B set) to the notion of discriminating domain for a suitably chosen differential game and we introduce *approachability in related deterministic repeated game. We prove that a closed set is *approachable if and only if it contains a nonempty B-set, hence approachability and *approchability coincide. In addition one of the main goals of this part is to state a precise link between the strategies in the differential game and in the repeated game preserving approachability properties. In the second part, we study an infinite horizon discounted zero-sum differential game with lack of information on both sides. For doing this we follow the model adopted by Cardaliaguet : we find a sub-dynamic programming principle then we prove that the upper and lower value functions are respectively sub and super viscosity solutions in the dual sense of a suitable Hamilton Jacobi equation. Using a comparison principle we prove the uniqueness of a viscosity solution in the dual sense and thus the existence of the value. The last part is devoted to provide an extension of the Viability and Invanance Theorems in the Wasserstein metric space of probability measures. As application we consider an optimal control prob1em of Mayer type with uncertainty on the initial state modeled by a probability measure. Following Frankowska, we prove using the epigraphical viability approach that the value function is the unique proximal episolution of a suitable Hamilton Jacobi equation
Crépet, Amélie. "Statistique Bayésienne et Monte-Carlo de Second Ordre pour l'évaluation des risques microbiologiques. Le cas de Listeria monocytogenes dans les produits de IVème gamme". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267183.
Rongiconi, Thomas. "Application du modèle de l'espérance d'utilité au sens de Choquet à quelques préférences atypiques". Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020092.
In recent decades, two theories which seems contradictory, claim that they can provide abasis for the behavior of economic agents, i.e the theory of decision and the behavioral economics. We have tried, in this thesis to unite these two points of view by mobilizing the concept of incomplete preference. We develop in the first part a model of time varying risk aversion: we show that the Decision Maker anticipates that the passage of time will have an effect on him outlook. By modeling the notion of well-being with a incomplete preference,we show that the welfare of the decision maker is represented by two contradictory psychologies. The first reflects the risk aversion in the long term and is represented by the model of expected utility, the second describes a more emotional response to risk, and is characterized by the model of Choquet expected utility. In the second part, we identify the behavioral conditions, both necessary and sufficient, in which an incomplete preference relation could be represented by the intersection of a set of complete and transitive preference relation satisfying the axiom of comonotone independence
Zgheib, Rania. "Tests non paramétriques minimax pour de grandes matrices de covariance". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1078/document.
Our work contributes to the theory of non-parametric minimax tests for high dimensional covariance matrices. More precisely, we observe $n$ independent, identically distributed vectors of dimension $p$, $X_1,ldots, X_n$ having Gaussian distribution $mathcal{N}_p(0,Sigma)$, where $Sigma$ is the unknown covariance matrix. We test the null hypothesis $H_0 : Sigma =I$, where $I$ is the identity matrix. The alternative hypothesis is given by an ellipsoid from which a ball of radius $varphi$ centered in $I$ is removed. Asymptotically, $n$ and $p$ tend to infinity. The minimax test theory, other approaches considered for testing covariance matrices and a summary of our results are given in the introduction.The second chapter is devoted to the case of Toeplitz covariance matrices $Sigma$. The connection with the spectral density model is discussed. We consider two types of ellipsoids, describe by polynomial weights and exponential weights, respectively. We find the minimax separation rate in both cases. We establish the sharp asymptotic equivalents of the minimax type II error probability and the minimax total error probability. The asymptotically minimax test procedure is a U-statistic of order 2 weighted by an optimal way.The third chapter considers alternative hypothesis containing covariance matrices not necessarily Toeplitz, that belong to an ellipsoid of parameter $alpha$. We obtain the minimax separation rate and give sharp asymptotic equivalents of the minimax type II error probability and the minimax total error probability. We propose an adaptive test procedure free of $alpha$, for $alpha$ belonging to a compact of $(1/2, + infty)$.We implement the tests procedures given in the previous two chapters. The results show their good behavior for large values of $p$ and that, in particular, they gain significantly over existing methods for large $p$ and small $n$.The fourth chapter is dedicated to adaptive tests in the model of covariance matrices where the observations are incomplete. That is, each value of the observed vector is missing with probability $1-a$, $a in (0,1)$ and $a$ may tend to 0. We treat this problem as an inverse problem. We establish the minimax separation rates and introduce new adaptive test procedures. Here, the tests statistics are weighted by constant weights. We consider ellipsoids of Sobolev type, for both cases : Toeplitz and non Toeplitz matrices
Stoltz, Gilles. "Information incomplète et regret interne en prédiction de suites individuelles". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009759.
Stoltz, Gilles. "Information incomplète et regret interne en prédiction de suites inidividuelles". Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009759.
This thesis takes place within the theory of prediction of individual sequences. The latter avoids any modelling of the data and aims at providing some techniques of robust prediction and discuss their possibilities, limitations, and difficulties. It considers issues arising from the machine learning as well as from the game-theory communities, and these are dealt with thanks to statistical techniques, including martingale concentration inequalities and minimax lower bound techniques. The obtained results consist, among others, in external and internal regret minimizing strategies for label-efficient prediction or in games with partial monitoring. Such strategies are valuable for the on-line pricing problem or for on-line bandwidth allocation. We then focus on internal regret for general convex losses. We consider first the case of on-line portfolio selection, for which simulations on real data are provided, and generalize later the results to show how players can learn correlated equilibria in games with compact sets of strategies