Tesis sobre el tema "Incommensurability"
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Li, Chuang Tong. "Incommensurability revisited". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6628.
Texto completoElton, Candida. "Incommensurability : contemporary considerations: historical concerns". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364456.
Texto completoKosub, Timothy Alexander. "A defence of Kuhn's incommensurability thesis". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28254.
Texto completoArts, Faculty of
Philosophy, Department of
Graduate
Boot, Martijn. "Incommensurability, incomplete comparability and the scales of justice". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491571.
Texto completoSmith, Philip. "Kuhnian incommensurability between two paradigms of contemporary linguistics". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14562/.
Texto completoReeve, Andrew F. "Incommensurability in ethics and in the philosophy of science". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51221.pdf.
Texto completoFardell, B. P. "The structure of well-being : incommensurability, needs, and sufficiency". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1476165/.
Texto completoSeane, Warona. "O Kae? An Autoethnographic Dramaturgy Through A Deliberate Incommensurability". Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32109.
Texto completoRea, Matthew T. "Policy, values & incommensurability : the Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Project /". Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040628/.
Texto completoGilson, Cedric Charles. "Resources for mediating the incommensurability of science and law in legal contexts". Thesis, University of Westminster, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442108.
Texto completoDemir, Ipek. "Traditions, change and incommensurability : an assessment of the works of Thomas Kuhn and Alasdair Macintyre". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413318.
Texto completoPienaar, Catherina Elixabeth. "The incommensurability of the archaic perceptions of the maxim res ipsa loquitur in medical negligence litigation". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24513.
Texto completoStobbs, Nigel. "Mainstreaming therapeutic jurisprudence and the adversarial paradigm—incommensurability and the possibility of a shared disciplinary matrix". Thesis, Bond University, 2013. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/63846/1/Stobbs_Thesis_Submit_PhD_2013.pdf.
Texto completoKilian, Monika. "Community and incommensurability: Modern and postmodern modes of thought and (post)modern vacillations in Enzensberger's writing". Thesis, Kilian, Monika (1996) Community and incommensurability: Modern and postmodern modes of thought and (post)modern vacillations in Enzensberger's writing. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52969/.
Texto completoStackle, Erin. "Rectangular Cows or Another Bad Tragedy? An Aristotelian Solution to the Incommensurability of Mathematics and Material Things". Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3729.
Texto completoSince at least Galileo, not only the technological abilities of natural science but the meaning of science's claims have been shaken to their very foundations, according to Edmund Husserl. We know what scientists say, but we do not know what they mean. Nor, Husserl claims, do they know what they mean. They do what works. They measure, they tabulate, they calculate. But they do not thereby really know the world. And since they are the standing authorities of knowledge in our culture, we do not have a reliable referent to which we can turn for an appropriate standard of meaning. At some level we realize that this piece of paper in my hand is not precisely a geometrical rectangle, in which all four angles are exactly ninety degrees and both sets of sides are exactly parallel to each other, but for the most part we simply identify it as a rectangle and move on. In our everyday experience, Husserl would say, we tend to conflate geometrical space and experiential space. We do not, however, have any real idea why we can do so effectively, even if we are engineers or physicists. Geometrical shapes are categorically different from the shapes we daily experience in our interactions with the world. No matter how carefully I draw lines or cut edges, I can never make a piece of paper (or, for that matter, a cow) that exactly meets the requirements of a geometrical rectangle. Even the fact that geometrical rectangles are, by definition, plane figures, which means they only have two dimensions, rather than the (at least) three that structure any perceptible thing, prevents perceptible things from ever meeting the strict requirements of geometrical figures. Given this basic disparity, what is it that justifies our using these geometrical figures to describe the perceptible world in which we live? If we want to know the world, Husserl tells us, we need to know what our scientific claims mean. This, he claims, is the only way we can meaningfully ground our increasingly science-governed lives. Plan of the Dissertation In this dissertation, then, I undertake the project of identifying more precisely what this problem is and offering some solution to it. My argument will have three steps. I shall argue first that to solve the problem Husserl so helpfully lays out, we need to go back to Aristotle's Metaphysics; second, that although Aristotle proposes a solution for the metaphysical problems implied by using mathematics to know perceptible things, this solution fails to answer the questions as he presents them, even if it is broadly interpreted; and, finally, that there are within Aristotle's metaphysical thought implicit resources for constructing this missing metaphysical justification, and that these can be found explicitly in his way of thinking about the distinction between actuality and potency, in his discussion of the metaphysical implications of knowing, and in his discussion of material causality. The basic problem is that mathematical objects and perceptible things are different kinds of things. We would not say that `Joe's idea is hungry' in anything other than a very metaphorical way, because we recognize that ideas are not the kinds of things that get hungry. Hunger is the province of animals. Ideas are not animals. Ideas, then, cannot be hungry. Mathematical objects and perceptible things, though, while also different kinds of things, are regularly combined. We do say, `This piece of paper is rectangular', although it would seem that pieces of paper (or cows) are not the kinds of things that could be rectangles. In this dissertation, I begin in chapter one with a careful recapitulation of Husserl's articulation of this problem of thoughtlessly conflating mathematical and experiential things. Husserl takes this to be the root of the crisis, not only of the meaning of the sciences, but also of all human meaning. I use Husserl's articulation, rather than simply explaining the problem as I understand it and moving directly to Aristotle's Metaphysics, where I see the roots of its solution, in part because Husserl's work was so influential in shaping my own understanding of the problem. More importantly, though not unrelatedly, Husserl helpfully contextualizes the problem both culturally and historically. He tells us why this matters, and he tells us how it seems to have happened. Both of these seem to me to be crucial to any ultimately successful resolution to the problem. In Husserl's articulation of the problem, he identifies Galileo as responsible for taking it as `obvious' that the `universally valid' shapes of geometry constituted the objectively real component of all things. He argues that Galileo inherits a tradition in which our approximations to `limit shapes' and the increased precision in replicating these made possible by technological advances gradually meld together, such that we learn to take the world to be fundamentally a mathematical manifold. In taking over this tradition, Galileo simply presumes that the world is fundamentally mathematizable and sets about developing methods by which even the concrete sensory plena through which any experienced shape is necessarily presented can be mathematized. Since we take as `given' these assumptions, whose origin Husserl attributes to Galileo, and which remain unjustified metaphysically, Husserl's tracing of the development of these assumptions can help us notice and evaluate them. This will be helpful in recovering the meaning of our mathematical scientific claims, and, ultimately, in recovering the meaning of our non-scientific claims. While Husserl helpfully identifies the problem and begins the historical tracing he proposes with his analysis of Galileo's assumptions, he does not complete the latter project, in part because he died so soon after beginning it. His project in the Crisis, as with many of the projects he undertook as a scholar, gets developed in many different directions, without any of these being completed. He proposes a philosophical-historical retracing of the assumptions of geometry, from its earliest inception through the present. He proposes a simultaneous careful consideration of the metaphysical assumptions at work in mathematical science and the justification necessary for it. He proposes transcendental phenomenology as the way to correctly understand the correlation between mathematical claims and the perceptible world they describe. While the development of transcendental phenomenology and the ways that it can help us come to understand more correctly our interaction with the world are fascinating, in this dissertation I want to focus on Husserl's other proposals toward a solution, namely the philosophical-historical retracing of assumptions and the metaphysical analysis. Specifically, I want to focus on the metaphysical analysis that Aristotle performs on the problems generated by presuming that one can use mathematical objects to know perceptible things. In chapter two, then, I explain more thoroughly the first two proposals toward a solution that Husserl proposes, and defend my claim that this metaphysical analysis in Aristotle is an appropriate continuation of Husserl's project. For completeness, Husserl's project needs, in addition to his tracing of the historical sources of lazy assumptions, an Aristotelian metaphysical analysis of what material and mathematical things are, to clarify whether and how mathematics could be appropriately (or inappropriately) applied to material things. In chapter three, I turn to Aristotle's Metaphysics and cull from its pages, primarily from Books III and XIII, the basic metaphysical questions and problems that arise in Aristotle's discussion of the use of mathematical objects to know perceptible things. I organize these into six central questions: 1) What exactly are the mathematical objects Aristotle discusses? 2) Are these mathematical objects substances? 3) Are these mathematical objects separable from perceptible things? 4) Are these mathematical objects constituents of perceptible things? 5) Are these mathematical objects principles or causes of perceptible things? 6) Is knowledge of these mathematical objects somehow knowledge of perceptible things? From these six questions, the basic problem that emerges is that knowledge of mathematical objects requires these objects to be exact, unchangeable, and indivisible, whereas the perceptible things of which they are supposed to provide knowledge are less determinate, changeable, and divisible. It seems like the mathematical objects would have to be separate from these perceptible things to be objects of mathematical knowledge, but if they were so, it is unclear how knowledge of them could be taken to also be knowledge of the perceptible things. These mathematical objects would have to somehow be part of the causal structure of these perceptible things for knowledge of them to be knowledge of these perceptible things. In chapter four, I take up the solution that Aristotle proposes for these difficulties, the `insofar as'/ `qua' (hêi) structure of knowing. Various attributes belong to a given perceptible thing in virtue of various ways of its being. Being green belongs to a plant, for example, insofar as it is a surface. The method of abstraction (aphairesis) allows us to separate out in thought the relevant way of being of the thing, so as to make the appropriate attribution to it. We can know a thing as something, even if that `something' is not itself actually separable. This proposal of Aristotle's begins to resolve some of the metaphysical problems that chapter three articulated. It is not itself, however, metaphysically justified. While it seems that we do regularly make these kinds of claims about perceptible things, it is not clear what justifies us in separating in thought what is not separate in fact, nor just how these various ways of being belong to the unified perceptible thing such that knowledge of them provides knowledge of the thing. This difficulty in giving a metaphysically coherent account of Aristotle's model of abstraction pervades the scholarly literature. Aristotle, it seems, does not have a satisfactory solution to the troubling metaphysical problems he raises about using mathematical objects to know perceptible things. In my fifth, and final, chapter, I undertake to construct from other texts in Aristotle's corpus a metaphysical justification for his model of abstraction that can, in fact, resolve the metaphysical problems that he and Husserl have raised. I find this metaphysical justification in an implicit claim of Aristotle's, to be found in the same section where he proposes his model of abstraction as a solution (Met XIII.3): the claim that mathematical objects are potential substances. I examine what these potential substances are, how they are related to their own actualizations and how they are related to the perceptible things of which they are supposed to provide knowledge, relying primarily on Metaphysics VIII and IX. I consider how knowledge of these could be possible, using texts from De Anima III, and then explore a connection between these potencies and the material cause of perceptible things in Physics II.9. I conclude at last that we are, in fact, justified in using mathematical objects to describe perceptible things. These objects, however, are mathematically describable only insofar as they are material, by which Aristotle means, insofar as they are potential, rather than actual
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Philosophy
Rekret, Paul. "Relationality, polemics, incommensurability : thinking the political at the intersections of the work of Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/603.
Texto completoBaker, Ian. "What money can't buy : the status of financial evaluation". University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0161.
Texto completoSperandio, Caio Sievers [UNIFESP]. "Incomensurabilidade: uma questão epistemológica ou de linguagem". Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/39290.
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O debate sobre o progresso linear do conhecimento toma um grande papel na filosofia da ciência, tendo como uma de suas principais figuras Thomas S. Kuhn com sua tese de incomensurabilidade. Porém, a incomensurabilidade é o tema mais polêmico dos trabalhos de Kuhn, geradora de criticas de relativismo e irracionalismos. Devido a essas críticas, ou por uma evolução natural do pensamento de Kuhn, a tese da incomensurabilidade encontra dois momentos, segundo comentadores como Robson Guitarrari. Em sua primeira formulação ela possui um patamar mais amplo, porém, posteriormente, Kuhn defende uma incomensurabilidade local, dando uma maior ênfase para a linguagem. A presente dissertação analisa três questões referentes à incomensurabilidade: é possível manter a tese da incomensurabilidade? As causas que levaram a essa mudança de perspectiva da incomensurabilidade? e se é possível não cairmos em um relativismo? Para tanto, apresentamos, brevemente, a dinâmica científica defendida por Kuhn, passando pelo período pré-paradigmático, paradigmático e de revolução cientifica para, só então, tratar propriamente da questão da incomensurabilidade. Para essa empreitada, utilizaremos dos textos de Thomas Kuhn, deixando claro os dois momentos da incomensurabilidade e, partindo da análise de comentadores, apresentaremos as críticas e defesas a essa tese.
The debate on the linear progress of knowledge takes a big role in the philosophy of science, having as one of its leading figures Thomas S. Kuhn with his thesis of incommensurability. However, the incommensurability is the most polemical theme of the works of Kuhn, generating criticism of relativism and irrationalism. Because of these criticisms or a natural evolution of the thought of Kuhn's thesis of incommensurability meets two times, according to commentators as Robson Guitarrari. In its initial formulation it has a broader level, however, later, Kuhn maintains a local incommensurability, giving greater emphasis to the language. This dissertation analyses three issues incommensurability, it is possible to maintain the thesis of incommensurability, the question that led to this change of perspective of incommensurability, and if you can not fall into relativism. Therefore, we present briefly the scientific dynamics advocated by Kuhn, through pre - paradigmatic, paradigmatic and scientific revolution then properly approach the incommensurability issue. For this work will use the texts of Thomas Kuhn, making clear the two moments of incommensurability and, starting from the analyses commentators, and present the critics and defences to this thesis.
Gattei, Stefano. "Incommensurability, rationality and the search for truth : a critical assessment of Thomas Kuhn's philosophy in the light of twentieth century's crisis of foundationalism". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404078.
Texto completoArnold, Robert V. "Theory, Method, and Democracy in the Social Sciences". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1212757204.
Texto completoWolff, Neto Carlos Gustavo. "Incomensurabilidade sem paradigmas: a revolução epistemológica de Thomas Kuhn". Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2007. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2028.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O cenário geral da filosofia da ciência no século XX foi principalmente desenhado pelos traços epistemológicos do Positivismo Lógico e seu verificacionismo, pelo falsificacionismo popperiano, pelos programas de pesquisa lakatianos, pelo anarquismo epistemológico de Paul Feyerabend e pela filosofia da ciência de Thomas Kuhn. A partir desse cenário geral, esta dissertação analisa os aspectos principais da filosofia da ciência de Thomas Kuhn, o espectro das críticas que recebeu, as respostas que ofereceu e as mudanças que se seguiram na epistemologia kuhniana. Kuhn envolveu-se em um frutífero debate com alguns dos mais proeminentes filósofos da ciência do século XX, sobre suas idéias de revolução científica, ciência normal e incomensurabilidade. Esse debate, discutido nesta dissertação, contribuiu para as mudanças que Kuhn fez em sua proposta original tal como exposta em seu mais famoso trabalho, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Essas modificações e sua abrangência são o tema principal do presente estudo
The general scenario of the philosophy of science in the 20th century was mainly determined by the epistemological traits of Logical Positivism and its verificationism, Popperian falsificationism, the Lakatian research programs, Paul Feyrebend’s epistemological anarchism, and Thomas Kuhn’s philosophy of science. Starting from this general scenario, this dissertation analyzes the main aspects of Thomas Kuhn’s philosophy of science, the spectrum of its critique by other thinkers, Kuhn’s response to that critique and the subsequent changes in Kuhn’s epistemology. Kuhn was involved in a fruitful debate on his ideas about scientific revolutions, normal science, paradigms, and incommensurability with some of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. This debate, which is discussed in the dissertation, prompted Kuhn to make changes in his original proposal as expounded in his most famous work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. These modifications and their scope are the main topic of the present
Leão, Aroldo Ferreira [UNESP]. "Euclides e a incomensurabilidade: o profundo tear das abrangências - os sumos e segredos do Livro X". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151830.
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Esta Tese tem como objetivo contribuir para um maior entendimento e aprofundamento da incomensurabilidade exposta no Livro X, da obra Os Elementos, de Euclides. As pesquisas relacionadas, ao estudo específico sobre o Livro X, em toda a sua expansão e complexidade, são ainda insuficientes e carecem de um maior compêndio de buscas e norteamentos, que possibilitem trazer à tona, todo o esplendor deste livro singular. Então, fez-se necessário uma análise completa do Livro X, um mergulho nas suas engrenagens e desmembramentos. Tal livro, o maior e mais intenso de Os Elementos, além de ser considerado o mais difícil, ocupando mais de um quarto do mesmo, tido como “a cruz dos matemáticos”, “um beco sem saída”, evidencia, de forma categórica, um dos temas mais sutis, não só da matemática da antiga Grécia, como também dos dias atuais, ao se dedicar ao estudo dos segmentos retilíneos que são incomensuráveis com respeito a um segmento retilíneo dado, ou seja, ao estudo dos números irracionais. Os vínculos com a Educação Matemática foram realçados e possibilitaram a escrita de um texto, que ampliando inúmeros enfoques, consolidou a importância do Livro X no relacionamento com outros livros de Os Elementos, como também a sua característica particular de tratar, fundamentalmente, do tema da incomensurabilidade.
This thesis aims to contribute to a greater understanding and deepening of the incommensurability exposed in Book X, of the work The Elements, by Euclid. The researches related to the specific study of Book X, in all its expansion and complexity, are still insufficient and lack a greater compendium of searches and guidelines, that make possible to bring to the surface, all the splendor of this singular book. Then it took a full analysis of Book X, a dip in its gears and dismemberments. Such a book, the largest and most intense of The Elements, in addition to being considered the most difficult, occupying more than a quarter of it, considered as "the cross of mathematicians", "a dead end", shows categorically one of the subtler themes not only of the mathematics of ancient Greece but also of the present day, when it is devoted to the study of rectilinear segments which are incommensurable with respect to a given rectilinear segment, that is, to the study of irrational numbers. The links with Mathematics Education were emphasized and made possible the writing of a text, which enlarged numerous approaches, consolidated the importance of Book X in the relationship with other books of The Elements, as well as its particular characteristic of dealing, fundamentally, with the theme of Incommensurability.
O'Loughlin, Ryan J. "Thomas Kuhn and Perspectival Realism". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1492101047707282.
Texto completoOkunauskas, Aurimas. "Paradigmos sąvoka Thomo S. Kuhno mokslo filosofijoje". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140722_145311-26121.
Texto completoThomas Kuhn's concept of paradigm is expounded by chronologically following his publications. Three different stages of development of the concept are analysed and then compared to Karl Popper's critical rationalism.
Carneiro, João Alex Costa. "A teoria comparativa do conhecimento de Ludwik Fleck: comunicabilidade e incomensurabilidade no desenvolvimento das ideias científicas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-08012013-150309/.
Texto completoThis dissertation aims to analyze the development of Fleck\'s proposal of a comparative theory of knowledge, its epistemological status and the diagnosis of some of its theoretical difficulties. We will defend the potentially scientific status of its theory and indicate that the incommensurability between thinking styles constitutes the most immediate problem for its effectiveness. Meanwhile, we intend to synthesize the main methodological guidelines outlined in his theory, understood as an open research program, and indicate possible future developments. This dissertation will start in its Introduction with a brief analysis of the main stages of reception of Fleck\'s work, so as to understand its traditions of readings and the current meaning of his writings. In Chapter I, we will reconstitute the conceptual framework of Fleck\'s comparative theory from the analysis of its main lines and dimensions of development: medical and immunological, sociological, as well as his criticism of historical and logical positivisms. Chapter II is devoted to the analysis of his theory of communicative processes at both the diachronic and synchronous level, as well as the phenomenon of incommensurability. We will establish parallels with Thomas Kuhn and Paul Feyerabend\'s formulations of this phenomenon. In Chapter III, we discuss the thesis of cognitive relationalism defended by Fleck, indicating that his comparative theory of knowledge does not have a privileged epistemological status, being, by its turn, also a relational knowledge. In the face of it, we will defend its scientific character, in accordance, in general, with the other natural sciences. Finally, in our final considerations we indicate, from guidelines released by the philosopher, some of the possible methodological lines that the program of comparative theory must follow regarding the problem of incommensurability and the need for a more precise methodological development.
Guitarrari, Robinson. "Incomensurabilidade e racionalidade científica em Thomas Kuhn: uma análise do relativismo epistemológico". Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-06012012-113835/.
Texto completoThe current debate on scientific rationality has involved taking sides regarding the question of epistemological relativism. The debate is focused, among other things, in overcoming the relativism present in Thomas Kuhns statements about scientific choice. Hilary Putnam and Larry Laudan, aiming at dispensing with a Kuhnian relativism in the justification of scientific choices, propose quite different strategies. Putnam sees self-destructive incoherencies in such relativism, mainly for two reasons: first, its formulation would be self-defeating and, second, this position wouldnt allow one to distinguish man from any other being as regards cognitive attributes. Laudan attempted to demystify the effects that Kuhnian incommensurability could cause to a vision of rationality governed by methodological rules, and, furthermore, attempted to show the lack of explanatory power of the relativism that follows from it. The present work inquires whether there is still reason to consider that the relativism originated by Kuhnian incommensurability constitutes a menace to scientific rationality. We present a Kuhnian model of rationality, based on an analysis of Kuhns texts on paradigm choice, which highlights the role of incommensurability as regards scientific problems and standards. We aim to show that two of the main charges of incoherence, formulated by Putnam, arent able to affect the model. Lastly, we maintain that this Kuhnian model of rationality poses various constraints on the actual establishment of the criticisms directed against it by Laudan.
Castro, Hernandez Jorge Alberto. "Rural Territorial Development in the midst of the conflict". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/rural-territorial-development-in-the-midst-of-the-conflict(490b4f28-217d-4d3f-95e2-7c0c30118eba).html.
Texto completoSpash, Clive L. y Clemens Gattringer. "The Economics and Ethics of Human Induced Climate Change". WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5073/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2016_02.pdf.
Texto completoSeries: SRE - Discussion Papers
Silva, Paulo Pirozelli Almeida. "Thomas Kuhn e a concepção semântica de incomensurabilidade". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-08112013-095120/.
Texto completoThomas Kuhn was one of the most important philosophers of science of the twentieth century. Among his major contributions, there is the thesis of incommensurability of scientific theories. This work aims to show how this theory, originally presented in the book The Structure of Revolutions, from 1962, was modified by Kuhn over the years, focusing on his last articles, written between the 1980s and 1990s. The incommensurability is then reduced to a semantic relation restricted to certain portions of language (local incommensurability). To explain how this is possible, Kuhn is led to think, firstly, in the learning and operation of the concepts, and how they are organized in taxonomic structures. After that he elaborates other aspects of a philosophy of language, as meaning and truth, which allow him to answer the main criticisms which had been directed to the notion of incommensurability originally exposed.
Santos, Walkíria Corrêa dos. "As ideias envolvidas na gênese do teorema fundamental do cálculo, de Arquimedes a Newton e Leibniz". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10872.
Texto completoSecretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo
This paper seeks to contribute to the study of the main ideas that involve the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (FTC) from the Mathematics in Ancient Greece to contributions of Newton (1642 - 1727) and Leibniz (1646 - 1716), the seventeenth century. Given the scope of this theme, we focus our attention on the question of Incommensurability and in consequence, the definition of Proportion of Eudoxus (390 a.C. - 320 a.C.). Such a definition, results in the 'geometrization' of translating the mathematical ideas that culminated in the concepts of derivative and integral, in quadrature issues and calculation of volumes, through method of exhaustion and method Mechanic Archimedes (287 a.C. - 212 a.C.), and the method of tracing the tangent of Apollonius (262 a.C.) - 190 a.C.). The searches tangent to a curve and the problem of quadrature were a predecessor motive for the work of Newton (1642 - 1727) and Leibniz (1646 - 1716) could establish "Infinitesimal Calculus". The revival of mathematical activity in the fifteenth century, with the need for new routes of commerce and navigation, covering arithmetic, algebra and trigonometry and the sixteenth century, were of great importance, forming the basis of all algebraic development. In the seventeenth century, an important area has been established: the Analytic Geometry, which contributed greatly to the achievements of Newton (1642 - 1727), and Leibniz (1646 - 1716), by establishing, in definitive, that the process of integration and differentiation are inverse operations of one another. The result is now known as the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. The product of the research conducted is a text, drafted with didactic concern, which aims to facilitate understanding of the interconnection of ideas that have contributed, through centuries, to the result that we now know as the Fundamental Theorem of calculus
Esse trabalho busca contribuir com o estudo das principais ideias que envolvem o Teorema Fundamental do Cálculo (TFC), desde a Matemática na Grécia Antiga até as contribuições de Newton (1642 - 1727) e Leibniz (1646 - 1716), no século XVII. Dada a abrangência de tal tema, focamos nossa atenção na questão da Incomensurabilidade e em decorrência, na definição de Proporção de Eudoxo (390 a.C. - 320 a.C.). Tal definição traz como consequência a ‗geometrização da matemática traduzindo as ideias que culminaram nos conceitos de derivada e integral, nas questões de quadratura e cálculo de volumes, por meio dos métodos de Exaustão e o método Mecânico de Arquimedes (287 a.C. - 212 a.C.), e no método do traçado de tangente de Apolônio (262 a.C. - 190 a.C.) . As buscas da tangente a uma curva e a questão da quadratura foram a mola precursora para que os trabalhos de Newton (1642 - 1727) e Leibniz (1646 - 1716) pudessem estabelecer o Cálculo Infinitesimal. O renascimento da atividade matemática no século XV, pela necessidade de novas rotas de comércios e navegação, abordando a aritmética, a álgebra e a trigonometria e o século XVI, foram de grande importância, constituindo a base de todo desenvolvimento algébrico. No século XVII, uma importante área foi estabelecida: a Geometria Analítica que muito contribuiu para os resultados alcançados por Newton (1642 - 1727) e Leibniz (1646 - 1716), estabelecendo, em definitivo, que o processo de integração e derivação são operações uma inversa da outra. O resultado é hoje conhecido como Teorema Fundamental do Cálculo. O produto da pesquisa realizada é um texto, redigido com preocupação didática, que pretende facilitar o entendimento da interligação das ideias que contribuíram, através de séculos, para o resultado que hoje conhecemos como o Teorema Fundamental do Cálculo
Palm, Joakim. "Förnuftet och rätten : John Finnis naturrättslära". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-158130.
Texto completoMedjesky, Christopher A. "The Logic of Ironic Appropriation: Constitutive Rhetoric in the Stewart/Colbert Universe". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1339867462.
Texto completoCarella, Rosario Luigi. "I numeri reali: dalle grandezze incommensurabili all'aritmetizzazione dell'Analisi". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13515/.
Texto completoCorbo, Olga. "Seção áurea: um contexto para desenvolver a noção de incomensurabiblidade de segmentos de reta". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10820.
Texto completoWe have conducted this study to contribute to education of future teachers, by proposing the use of golden section as a context to explore the notion of incommensurable magnitudes. We have based our study on the notion of jeux de cadres , introduced by Douady (1986) in Mathematics Didactic, and used the Didactic Engineering research methodology. Our research was developed on the following hypothesis: a teaching sequence about the golden section which favors an interaction among different knowledge domains can advance the comprehension and/or development of the notion of incommensurability of straight line segments . For this study, we have attempted to determine if the process of successive divisions based on Euclids algorithm helped foster the development of the notion of incommensurability of straight line segments in the future teachers. Furthermore, we verified whether they used the jeux de cadres to solve some problems presented in the sequence and how it contributed to develop the notion of golden rectangle and the notion of incommensurable straight line segments. Finally, we determined if they have established a relationship between the golden rectangle characteristics and the notion of incommensurability of straight line segments, by offering a proof of the incommensurability of the sides of the golden rectangle. The results seem to indicate some progress in relation to the answers provided in the pre-test, which allows us to conclude that the golden section can be a favorable context for the comprehension and/or development of the notion of incommensurable straight line segments. The examination of the students performance have also shown that the sequence can promote an interaction among different knowledge domains, allowing a connection between certain geometric constructions and irrational numbers. At the end, we discuss some limitations observed during the development of this study, whose analysis can serve as a starting point for new investigations on the same theme.
O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de contribuir para a formação inicial de professores de Matemática, propondo a utilização da seção áurea como contexto para explorar a noção de incomensurabilidade de segmentos de reta. Tomando como referencial teórico a noção de jogos de quadros , introduzida por Douady (1986) na Didática da Matemática e usando a metodologia de pesquisa denominada Engenharia Didática, desenvolvemos nosso trabalho com base na hipótese de que uma seqüência de ensino sobre a seção áurea, cuja realização favoreça a articulação entre quadros distintos de conhecimentos, pode propiciar a compreensão e/ou desenvolvimento da noção de incomensurabilidade de segmentos de reta . Por este estudo, examinamos se o processo das divisões sucessivas baseado no algoritmo de Euclides propiciou aos sujeitos de nossa pesquisa o desenvolvimento da noção de incomensurabilidade de segmentos de reta. Analisamos, ainda se os participantes recorriam à mudança de quadros para a resolução de algumas das situações apresentadas na seqüência e de que forma essa estratégia contribuiu para introduzir a noção de retângulo áureo e a noção de incomensurabilidade de segmentos de reta. Finalmente, examinamos se estabeleciam uma relação entre as características do retângulo áureo e a noção de incomensurabilidade de segmentos de reta, por meio da elaboração de uma justificativa de que os lados do retângulo áureo são segmentos incomensuráveis entre si. Os resultados indicam que houve um avanço em relação às respostas apresentadas no pré-teste, permitindo-nos concluir que a seção áurea pode ser um contexto favorável à compreensão e/ou desenvolvimento da noção de segmentos incomensuráveis. O exame do desempenho dos estudantes revelou também que a seqüência desenvolvida pode favorecer a inter-relação entre quadros distintos de conhecimentos, possibilitando que seja estabelecido um elo de ligação entre determinadas construções geométricas e números irracionais. Nas considerações finais, são discutidas as limitações observadas durante a realização deste trabalho, cuja análise poderá servir como ponto de partida para novas investigações sobre o mesmo tema.
Labidi, Olfa. "RELATIONS STRUCTURES-PROPRIETES DANS LE SYSTEME Bi2O3-PbO-V2O5 : SURSTRUCTURES, POLYMORPHISME, INCOMMENSURABILITE et CONDUCTIVITE". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199221.
Texto completoL'étude s'est prolongée au sein du binaire BiVO4-nPbO. Une transition de phase α→β a été caractérisée pour le terme n=1, PbBiVO5. Les structures des cristaux «maclés» ont été résolues à l'ambiante et à 530°C. PbBiPO5 subit une transition analogue. PbBiAsO5 cristallise dès l'ambiante dans la forme β.
Pb2BiVO6 (n=2) subit plusieurs transitions structurales α, β et δ. Les structures des formes α et β ont été déterminées sur monocristal ; la résolution de la structure de β a nécessité l'emploi d'un formalisme 4D. Deux nouvelles formes α' et δ' ont été obtenues par substitution du V par Mn ou P. Leurs structures découlent des phases α à l'ambiante, et δ à 680°C. La conductivité électrique des matériaux a été étudiée et des corrélations propriétés de conduction - caractéristiques structurales proposées.
Laabidi, Olfa. "Relations structures-propriétés dans le système Bi2O3-PbO-V2O5 : surstructures, polymorphisme, incommensurabilité et conductivité". Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_286.pdf.
Texto completoZhang, Feng-Yun. "Commensurabilité et incommensurabilité dans des systèmes magnétiques frustrés à base de terres rares (RA1Ga et RGa2)". Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10212.
Texto completoRossit, Julien. "Fusion d'informations incertaines sans commensurabilité des échelles de référence". Thesis, Artois, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ARTO0405/document.
Texto completoThe problem of merging multiple-source information is crucial for many applications, in particular when one requires to take into account several potentially conflicting pieces of information, such as distributed databases frameworks, multi-agent systems, or distributed information in general. The relevant pieces of information are provided by different sources and all existing pieces of information have to be confronted to obtain a global and coherent point of view. This problem is well-known as the data fusion problem. Most of existing merging methods are based on the following assumption: ranks associated with beliefs are commensurable from one source to another. This commensurability assumption can be too strong for several applications: comparing or combining ranks does not make sense if sources do not share the same meaning of scales. This thesis proposes different solutions to the problem of incommensurability for ranked beliefs merging. Our first main contribution consists of proposing a natural way to restore commensurability relying on the notion of compatible scales. The second one directly defines a partial pre-order between interpretations in a way similar to the one based on the Pareto criterion. Moreover, this thesis introduces several inference relations based on some selection functions of compatible scales. We analyze the impact of these selection functions on the satisfaction of rational postulates, and on the prudence of merging operators. In particular we introduce a stronger version of the fairness postulate, called the consensus postulate. We show that most of our defined merging operators constitute consensual approaches
Bursztein, Jean-Gérard. "Incommensurabilité entre psychanalyse et neurosciences : réflexion à partir du Projet-programme freudien (phi, psi, omega) de 1895". Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100063.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the scientific status of psychanalysis of the transformation of the principe of inertia. It is composed in three parts : 1° exploration of the Freudian project of 1895 2° situation of the Freudian project into the history of sciences (HELMHOLTZ) 3° critics and incommensurability between psychanalysis and neurosciences
Magro, Tamires Dal. "CRITÉRIOS DE DECISÃO ENTRE HIPÓTESES RIVAIS NAS TEORIAS HISTORICISTAS DA RACIONALIDADE CIENTÍFICA". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9126.
Texto completoThe publication of Thomas Kuhn s The structure of scientific revolutions is considered a watershed in the philosophy of science for having presented scientific knowledge as produced by a dynamic and historically situated process. Many of the concepts introduced by the author sparked controversy in the initial reception of this work. We highlight in this dissertation Kuhn s theses on scientific revolutions, incommensurability, and scientific choice between rival hypothesis, which were interpreted by authors such as Popper, Lakatos, Laudan and Putnam as introducing elements of irrationality and relativism into Kuhn s analysis of scientific practice. In the first paper of this dissertation, we investigate passages from Structure that led to those interpretations, and track down Kuhn s later reformulations of the three controversial theses, which attempted to avoid or respond the criticisms of irrationality and relativism. We highlight the linguistic emphasis given by Kuhn in his later works to the concepts of incommensurability and scientific revolution, and show that his thesis about scientific choices remained nearly unchanged. We claim that in Kuhn s later works his theses became more precisely formulated and narrower in scope, and that they manifest a realist inclination by the author. The second paper of this dissertation develops in more detail the issue of the rationality of scientific choice. It presents briefly three theories of scientific rationality due to Kuhn, Lakatos and Laudan, and then shows some of the problems that Lakatos and Laudan s theories face due to focusing their notion of rationality on univocal rules of choice. We then indicate that there are advantages in understanding as Kuhn did the notion of rationality in terms of values that influence objectively the choices to be made without determining them univocally.
A publicação de A estrutura das revoluções científicas, de Thomas Kuhn, é considerada um divisor de águas na filosofia da ciência por apresentar o conhecimento científico como sendo gerado por um processo dinâmico e historicamente situado. Muitos dos conceitos introduzidos pelo autor foram motivos de controvérsia na recepção inicial da obra. Destacamos na presente dissertação as teses de Kuhn sobre revoluções científicas, incomensurabilidade e escolhas científicas entre hipóteses rivais, que foram interpretadas por autores como Popper, Lakatos, Laudan e Putnam, como introduzindo elementos de irracionalidade e relativismo na análise kuhniana da atividade científica. No primeiro artigo desta dissertação, investigamos as passagens na Estrutura que levaram a essas interpretações, e rastreamos as reformulações kuhnianas posteriores para as três teses controversas com vistas a evitar ou responder as críticas de irracionalidade e relativismo. Destacamos a ênfase linguística dada por Kuhn aos conceitos de incomensurabilidade e revolução científica, e mostramos que a tese acerca das escolhas científicas permanece quase inalterada nos textos tardios. Defendemos que na obra tardia de Kuhn suas teses tornaram-se mais precisas e menos abrangentes e evidenciam uma inclinação realista do autor. O segundo artigo desta dissertação desenvolve de maneira mais detalhada a questão da racionalidade das escolhas científicas, apresentando as propostas de três teorias historicistas da racionalidade científica, devidas a Kuhn, Lakatos e Laudan. Apresentamos alguns dos problemas que as teorias de Lakatos e Laudan enfrentam ao concentrar a noção de racionalidade em regras unívocas de escolha e indicamos que há vantagens em se compreender a noção de racionalidade em termos de valores que influenciam objetivamente as escolhas sem determiná-las univocamente, como propôs Kuhn.
Arduin, Pierre-Emmanuel. "Vers une métrique de la commensurabilité des schémas d'interprétation". Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933996.
Texto completoAID, KARIM. "Incommensurabilite et stoechiometrie des surfaces d'alliages ternaires (in,ga)as etudiees par diffusion des rayons x en incidence rasante". Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077003.
Texto completoLEYNAUD, OLIVIER. "Etude de chalcogenures et oxychalcogenures de terres rares et metaux de transition a structuration bidimensionnelle : cristallochimie, magnetisme et incommensurabilite". Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2040.
Texto completoToffano, Zeno. "Raies R. M. N. Dans les métaux organiques (TMTSF)₂PF₆ et (TMTSF)₂Cl O₄ : incommensurabilité de l'onde de densité de Spin". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112326.
Texto completoFor the first time, in the S. D. W. State of the organic conductors (TMTSF)₂ClO₄ and (TMTSF)₂PF₆, the amplitude δ f the order parameter and the nesting vector Q̅ are determined, from a detailed analysis of the methyl proton N. M. R. Line-shape for various magnetic field orientations. In the paramagnetic metallic state, the fast rotational tunneling of the two inequivalent methyl groups splits the line into one central line and two pairs of satellites with shifts depending on field orientation, in good agreement with theory. In the S. D. W. State, the local fields due to the ordered magnetic structure lead to an important broadening of the line. By a careful analysis of the lineshape and its evolution in terms of field orientation, we prove, for both compounds, that the S. D. W. Is incommensurate; we are able to determine the local fields at each methyl site and separate the dipolar contribution from the hyperfine contact term; we deduce both the amplitude δ and wave vector Q̅ of the S. D. W. The amplitude δ = 8% +̠ 2% (in unit μB per molecule) for PF₆ is much larger than previous estimates from N. M. R. Broadening. The b* component of the nesting vector Q̅b = (0. 20 + 0. 05) b̅* (b̅* reciprocal lattice basis vector) for PF₆ is in contradiction with simple theories leading to Q̅b = 0 or Q̅b = 0. 5 b̅* but agrees with the consequences of realistic tight binding band calculations. The Q̅ vector is different in (TMTSF)₂ClO₄, in agreement with the theoretical prediction that Q̅ depends on the nature of anion and experimental conditions like pressure
Annabi-Aberkane, Farida. "Étude des transitions de phase à basse température du composé d'insertion du graphite : C₈Br". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112061.
Texto completoThe object of this thesis was on the one hand a structural analysis of the room temperature (RT) and low temperature (LT) phases of the saturated bromine-intercalated graphite compound : C8Br (stage 2) and on the other hand the study of the in-plane incommensurate (RT) - commensurate (LT) phase transition and of the interlayer correlations. This study was performed by measuring and analysing the (hkl) reflections of the intercalate structure using precession and diffractometer X ray techniques. At room temperature (RT) the intercalate bromine layers are found to present an incommensurate in-plane structure strongly modulated by the graphite host as revealed by the large intensity of the modulation satellites. A partial correlation between layers exists as evidenced by the modulations of the diffuse rods passing through the in-plane RT reflections. These correlations evolve with temperature and exhibit a sudden change around 296 K and 286 K. At about T ≃ 275 K the intercalate layer exhibits a first order incommensurate-commensurate phase transition. The 2D low temperature phase is characterized by a large rectangular unit cell. Surprisingly this in-plane commensurate ordering is accompanied by a loss of the interlayer correlations. We have therefore a transition from an incommensurate (I) three-dimensional (3D) phase at room temperature (RT) to a commensurate (C) two-dimensional (2D) phase at low temperature (LT)
Simonson, Thomas. "Analyse structurale de l'onde de polarisation d'un isolant incommensurable : la thiourée : application à la phase longue période "1/9"". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112146.
Texto completoChauvin, Michèle. "Effet mémoire d'un composé incommensurable isolant : la thiourée deutériée : mesure par susceptibilité électrique et biréfringence linéaire". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112067.
Texto completoThis is a study of the "memory effect" which is found in the modulated, incommensurate phase of the insulator thiourea. This effect is the sign of a set of mobile defects, which can become ordered according to the spatial period of the modulation (via defect-modulation coupling). In return, the set of defects, once ordered, can lock in the modulation period. This memory effect appears to be a general property of all modulated structures. The dielectric susceptibility and linear, optic, birefringency are coupled to the modulation order parameter, and enable one to study the memory effect in thiourea. We paid particular attention to the marking and relaxation processes of the memory effect
Recchiuti, Federica. "L'irrazionalità. Un caso di studio sull'uso della storia nella trasmissione del sapere matematico". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9032/.
Texto completoGaillot, Anne-Claire. "Caractérisation structurale de la birnessite : Influence du protocole de synthèse". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005304.
Texto completoSakly, Nahed. "Investigations structurale et physique du système d'oxydes à chaînes de spins Ising (Sr, Ca)1+xCoxMn1-xO3". Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC232.
Texto completoThis manuscript presents the experimental study of structural and physical properties of a spin chain compounds Sr4-xCaxCoMn2O9, belonging to the large oxides family A1+XA'XB1-XO3. In this series, the 1D chains are made up of the octahedra MnO6 (Mn4+) and trigonal prisms CoO6 (Co2+) connected by the faces, and distributed over a triangular lattice with an antiferromagnetic coupling between them. These chains exhibit a strong Ising-type magnetic anisotropy, originating from the cation Co2+ (HS, 3d7, S = 3/2). First of all, the structural study of these chains reveals that they can be immcommensurate, due to a change in the degree of oxidation of cobalt depending on the synthesis conditions. Then, we were interested in the study of the two compounds Sr4CoMn2O9 (x=0) and Sr2Ca2CoMn2O9 (x=2). The x=0 compound showed the absence of long-range magnetic ordering (LRO) and dynamic spin relaxation responses, typical of Single-Ion Magnet (SIM) and Single-Chain Magnet (SCM), of which the amplitude of their characteristic peaks depends on the (in)commensurability. On the other hand, in x = 2, only the SIM response was observed at low temperature, and which coexists with the LRO at TN ~ 28 K. The neutron diffraction data show that this LRO is compatible with a partially disordered antiferromagnetic state (PDA). A particular pre-transitional regime was also observed between TN and T* (~ 32.5 K), which was considered to be a precursor effect of LRO. Furthermore, a magneto-electric (ME) coupling has also been demonstrated within this compound. The mechanism of this ME coupling has been discussed as a result of exchange-striction phenomenon. Finally, we studied the magnetic anisotropy in oriented samples, whose grain morphology was optimized by different heat treatments