Tesis sobre el tema "In solidum"
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Lévesque, Frédéric. "L'obligation in solidum en droit privé québécois". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26341/26341.pdf.
Texto completoLevesque, Frédéric. "L'obligation in solidum en droit privé québécois". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20977.
Texto completoLa présente thèse propose une étude complète de l'obligation in solidum en droit privé québécois. Elle en embrasse donc tous les aspects : origines, nature, justification, portée et effets. Elle cherche principalement à comprendre et à cerner cette notion (Partie 1) et à en préciser le régime ainsi que le champ d'application (Partie II). Pour éclairer notre analyse, nous retraçons les origines historiques de l'obligation in solidum en droit romain, en Ancien droit français et en droit français moderne. L'obligation in solidum telle qu'elle existe aujourd 'hui est formellement née en doctrine et en jurisprudence françaises au tournant du 20e siècle. Au Québec, avant le début du 21 e siècle, sa présence s'est avérée discrète et incertaine. Nous examinons également, quoique de manière moins systématique, la présence de l'obligation in solidum dans d'autres juridictions de tradition civiliste et en droit de tradition anglaise. Cet exercice nous a permis de construire notre vision de l'obligation in solidum, tout en exposant et critiquant celles des principaux auteurs français et québécois qui se sont intéressés au sujet, et ce de la fin des années 1800 jusqu'à aujourd'hui. À partir de la vision de l'obligation in solidum qui fut ainsi construite, nous avons dégagé le régime juridique de l'institution ainsi que son champ d'application en droit québécois. Par une étude et une comparaison systématique avec le régime de la solidarité, régime qui est prévu de façon détaillée par les législateurs québécois et français, nous proposons un régime juridique pour l'obligation in solidum. Après avoir ainsi posé ces assises générales, notre thèse est complétée avec des assises vraiment particulières au droit québécois. Le champ d'application de l'obligation in solidum est intimement lié dans tout système juridique à l'espace octroyé par le législateur et la jurisprudence à l'obligation solidaire. Le droit québécois diffère à cet égard de façon notable du droit français. Pourtant, le droit québécois a formellement reconnu l'obligation in solidum et la jurisprudence en fait maintenant un usage constant. En s'appuyant sur leur structure, leurs fondements théoriques et leurs effets pratiques, nous dégageons le champ d'application souhaitable de l'obligation solidaire et de l'obligation in solidum en droit privé québécois.
Combette, Céline. ""In solidum teneri" la solidarité en droit privé romain". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF10006.
Texto completoPulby, Baptiste. "Le régime de l’obligation in solidum à la dette douanière". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR054.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the study of the regime governing customs debt obligations involving multiple debtors, based on the notion of in solidum obligation. This concept has been traced from its penal origins to its degradation as a mere derivative of solidary obligation in the 20th century. An analysis of Roman sources highlights the fundamental characteristics of in solidum obligation, which distinguish it from solidary obligation. Structurally, the in solidum obligation is characterized by a framework based on multiple individual objects for each co-debtor and an indivisible cause. The study advances a contractual qualification of specific customs acts, including authorizations and placement declarations, defining them respectively as a framework contract and application contracts. These analyses reveal a logic of good faith and introduce the concept of “community customs fraud,” explaining the annulment of contracts tainted by bad faith. Regarding customs debt itself, the obligation’s triggering events reveal its indivisible nature and the characteristics inherent to an in solidum obligation. Each debtor is personally responsible for the entire debt due to this indivisible cause, while maintaining independent objects within the debt, making the solidarity regime inapplicable. The distinction between solidary obligation and in solidum obligation is apparent in the absence of the benefits of discussion and division, confirming the in solidum nature of the customs debt obligation. The second part explores secondary effects of the in solidum customs debt regime, such as prescription, debt remission, and transaction. In terms of prescription, the plurality of triggering events affects both the prescription periods and the relative effects of interruptive or suspensive acts, illustrating the independent character of customs debt objects. Regarding debt remission, the analysis concludes that the creditor may grant partial remission without impacting other debtors, aligning with the principles of in solidum obligation. The study of extinction causes shows that customs debt, endowed with indemnifying and punitive purposes, may persist despite the disappearance of its indemnifying cause if the debtor is subject to prosecution. Behind this seemingly complex and illogical European regime lies a multi-subject obligation system, whose fundamental and structural properties offer key insights, revealing the underlying logic driving its function. This discovery allowed us to validate the hypothesis that customs debt obligation adheres to the in solidum obligation regime, as it shares the same fundamental and structural characteristics, operates under a similar logic, and ultimately produces both primary and secondary effects identical to this pre-Justinian Roman institution
Mignot, Marc. "Les obligations solidaires et les obligations in solidum en droit privé français /". Paris : Dalloz, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38800872x.
Texto completoMignot, Marc. "Les obligations solidaires et les obligations "in solidum" en droit privé français". Dijon, 2000. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247092789.
Texto completoMbanyana, Nokuthula. "Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of seed-harvesting ants in the Tetramorium solidum-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80163.
Texto completoAnts emerged during the Cretaceous Period more than 100 million years ago (Grimaldi & Engel 2005; Perrichot et al. 2008) and diversified independently on different landmasses following the Early Cretaceous fragmentation of Pangaea (Grimaldi & Agosti 2000). Today, ants represent one of the most ecologically successful groups globally (Wilson 1987), and their diversity far exceeds that of other social insects (Hölldobler & Wilson 1990). Currently 21 subfamilies, 305 genera and 12465 recorded ant species exist (Bolton 2012). Ants occur in almost all terrestrial habitats (Brown 2000) and are not uniformly distributed across regions, biomes and continents. As with all other taxa, historical abiotic factors have played a major role in their diversification and biogeographic structure (Tolley et al. 2006), including climatic changes (Holldobler & Wilson 1990) and the necessity to adapt to new environmental conditions (Tolley et al. 2006). Many global areas still lack data on regional biodiversity and the historical processes that may have shaped it. This is particularly so for southern Africa where the ant fauna is still relatively poorly known (Robertson 2000) and where there have been no published biogeographic analyses for any ant taxon. There is a highly endemic ant fauna that has evolved in the dry regions of southern Africa, which shows unique adaptations to the extreme thermal niches of these regions. For example, ants in the genus Ocymyrmex have adapted to forage on barren ground at temperatures as high as 67 ºC, when most insects and other arthropods are unable to survive (Marsh 1985). Ocymyrmex have long legs and usually hold the head, thorax and gaster high above the substrate, which helps with body temperature regulation. These ants are most active at the hottest time of the day and they move very rapidly. For example, O. barbiger has been observed running at speeds of 23 m/min (Marsh, 1985). In some ant species such extreme temperatures may limit foraging activity (Ward, 2007) but, in the case of Ocymyrmex, adaptations to this extreme thermal niche allowed exploitation of resources (dead and heat stressed arthropods). Moreover, these ants have subterranean nests that are ideal to escape environmental extremes and to move their brood deeply under the ground (Marsh, 1985). The distribution of some ant taxa in these dry regions closely reflects borders between particular biomes. For instance, in South Africa the ponerine ant, Pachycondyla hottentota, and the sugar ant, Camponotus storeatus, follow the borders of the Nama and Succulent Karoo biomes respectively (Robertson 2000). In the light of this background the overall objective of this study is to revise the taxonomy and determine the historical drivers of diversification in an important group of arid-adapted ants, the Tetramorium solidum-group, which is mainly restricted to dry semi-desert areas in southern Africa. Members of the Tetramorium solidum-group are commonly encountered seed harvesters yet despite their apparent ecological importance, their taxonomy and biogeography remains largely unresolved. Thirty years elapsed since the last revision of the group by Bolton (1980) and since, ant surveys have considerably expanded the material available for study and provide an opportunity for a fresh perspective on this group. The specific aims of this project were twofold: 1) to revise the species of the Tetramorium solidum-group; and 2) to explore the phylogenetic relationships among members of the group and the bioclimatic factors restricting their current distributional ranges in southern Africa. My study is timely, as to date no attempt has been made to unravel the history of arid-adapted ant diversification in southern Africa. Such information is much needed for identifying areas of high species diversity and endemism (Azuma et al. 2006) and prioritizing areas for conservation (Faith 1992). The thesis consists of three chapters. In chapter one I use morphological characters to review the current taxonomy of the Tetramorium solidum-group. From these data I have compiled an updated identification key for the group and described five new species. In chapter two I have constructed a fossil-calibrated dated phylogeny for Tetramorium solidum-group species in order to explore the historical processes that may have contributed in structuring the current distribution patterns and endemism within and among the species of the group. In this chapter I also explore bioclimatic factors that may restrict the current distribution of members on the Tetramorium solidum-group, using correlative bioclimatic modeling approaches. Chapter three provides a brief and overall conclusion to the study.
Financial support from NRF
Hoang, Thi Hai Yen. "L'obligation solidaire en droit vietnamien : Réflexions comparatives franco-vietnamiennes sur le droit des obligations". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10008/document.
Texto completoThe obligation solidaire in French civil law took its origins from Roman law. This law was imported to Colonial Civil Codes of Vietnam, however it was not adopted by the modern civil law of Vietnam. The joint and several obligation presented by the Vietnamese civil law is original. It diverges from the French civil and Romano-Germanic law. The joint and several obligation in Vietnamese private law is functional equivalence to the obligation solidaire in French private law. The main difference is the absence of the secondary effects on the joint and several obligation in Vietnamese civil law. Due to the obligation jointly and severally in French civil law, it has a functional joint and several liability in Vietnamese civil law equivalent. However, if the obligation in solidum in French civil law has both a plurality of sources and a source unit; joint and several liability in Vietnamese civil law recognizes a source unit. The trend of globalization of law and selling reform of contract law in Europe in which France finds itself, provide an opportunity for the joint and several liability in civil law of Vietnam can approach the solidarity of civil law West in general and the French civil law in particular
Hiriart, Hélène. "La répartition des responsabilités dans les chaînes translatives de propriété". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0305.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to reexamine on a global scale the adequacy and consistency of the current jurisprudential and legal framework related to the contract chains’ liability cases. Despite a large number of doctrinal contributions, the solutions have indeed been aggregated without any underlying logical implication being further investigated. This type of considerations is becoming all the more impactful that the legal environment has evolved. The goal of the first part is to assess the current state of the law and its uncertainties (the direct action ground, enforceability of limitation clause to consumer, contribution to the debt among co-debtors) when it comes to the pure contractual injury, that is when the usefulness of the contract is to be jeopardized. The second part is focuses on how it is hard to articulate the different actions in order to repair non-pure contractual injury. The assessment of those difficulties will bring us to wonder which nature of liability should prevail to repair injuries within property chains. Finally, answering those questions will lead us to identify the major criteria and the common rationales used to spread liability within property chains
Castillo, Adriana. "Structure et mobilité ionique dans les matériaux d’électrolytes solides pour batteries tout-solide : cas du grenat Li7-3xAlxLa3Zr2O12 et des Nasicon Li1.15-2xMgxZr1.85Y0.15(PO4)3". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX107/document.
Texto completoOne of the issues for the development of all-solid-state batteries is to increase the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes. The thesis work focuses on two types of materials as crystalline inorganic solid electrolytes: a Garnet Li7-3xAlxLa3Zr2O12 (LLAZO) and a Nasicon Li1.15-2xMgxZr1.85Y0.15(PO4)3 (LMZYPO). The objective of this study is to understand to what extent the conduction properties of the studied materials are impacted by structural modifications generated either by a particular treatment process, or by a modification of the chemical composition. Structural data acquired by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were then crossed with ions dynamics data deduced from NMR measurements at variable temperature and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The powders were synthesized after optimizing thermal treatments using solid-solid or sol-gel methods. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique was used for the densification of the pellets used for ionic conductivity measurements by EIS.In the case of garnets LLAZO, the originality of our work is to have shown that a SPS sintering treatment, beyond the expected pellets densification, also generates structural modifications having direct consequences on the lithium ions mobility in the material and therefore on the ionic conductivity. A clear increase of the lithium ions microscopic dynamics after SPS sintering was indeed observed by variable temperature 7Li NMR measurements and the monitoring of the relaxation times.The second part of the study provides an exploratory work on the substitution of Li+ by Mg2+ in LMZYPO. We studied the ionic conduction properties of these mixed Li/Mg compounds, in parallel with a fine examination of the crystalline phases formed. We have showed in particular that the presence of Mg2+ favors the formation of the less conductive β’ (P21/n) and β (Pbna) phases, which explains the decrease of the ionic conductivity with the substitution level of Li+ by Mg2+ observed in these Nasicon type materials.Our work therefore highlights the crucial importance of structural effects on the conduction properties of ceramic solid electrolyte materials
Pradhan, Sulolit. "Solid state charge transfer in nanoparticle solids /". Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Texto completoChable, Johann. "Électrolytes solides fluorés pour batteries tout solide à ions F-". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0276/document.
Texto completoThis work deals with the synthesis, shaping and characterization of RE1-xMxF3-x (RE = La, Sm, Ce et M = Ba, Ca, Sr) tysonite-type solid solutions. In a first part, onemeticulous approach has been set up for La1-xBaxF3-x solid solution, chosen as a reference.The solid-state synthesis of these materials led to a better knowledge of their chemicalcomposition (Vegard’s laws) and of the structure-ionic mobility correlations. The impact ofthe sintering process on the ionic conductivity is also highlighted. In a second part, the effectsof the nanostructuration conducted by ball-milling of the microcrystalline samples areevaluated. The use of the Design of Experiments methodology led to identify the optimummilling conditions. It appears that the synthesis of electrolytes can be sped- and scaled-up,while keeping high ionic conductivity properties. At last, this approach is applied on othertysonite-type solid solutions, to look for the best electrolyte. The Ce/Sr and Sm/Casubstitutions generate very promising ionic conductors but not really (electro)chemicallystable compounds. A compromise has been found with the choice of the La1-xSrxF3-x solidsolution as the FIB electrolyte for the electrochemical performances tests, regarding its higherchemical stability
Dang, Tran Ky T. "Etude du mouvement des particules solides dans une couche fluidisée gaz-solide". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213645.
Texto completoTian, Jian Atwood J. L. "Molecular organic solids for gas adsorption and solid-gas interaction". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6882.
Texto completoAzrak, Edy Edward. "Croissance et caractérisation des Nanofils GeSn et SiSn obtenue par le mécanisme Solide-liquide-Solide". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR135/document.
Texto completoGermanium-Tin alloy is a unique class semiconductor gaining a strong attention because of its significant electrical and optical properties. Sn incorporation in Ge allows straightforward band-gap engineering enabling to enhance the electron and hole mobilities, and for a sufficient Sn amount an indirect-to-direct band-gap transition occurs. Its versatility rises due the possible monolithic integration on Si-platforms making it an ideal material in domains of optoelectronics, and high speed electronic devices. This thesis has focused on the fabrication and characterization of crystalline Ge1-xSnx nanowires with high Sn concentrations. New strategies were designed to fabricate many types of GeSn nanowires. The results have been explained as function of the existing kinetic models. A new growth mechanism was reported (i.e. Solid-Solid-Solid mechanism – SSS), it consists of growing in-plane GeSn nanowires using Sn catalysts below the melting point of Sn. Four mass transport models were proposed for the SSS growth mechanism. Various characterizations (e.g. TEM and APT) were done to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the obtained nanowires
Basso-Bert, Thomas. "Etude de l'élaboration et des performances électrochimiques de séparateurs électrolytiques composites polymère-céramique pour des batteries au Lithium métal". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI036.
Texto completoTo boost the energy density of lithium-based accumulators, two levers are commonly studied: the energy density and the potential of electrode materials. The use of Li metal as a negative electrode is undoubtedly an appropriate solution to address these challenges since it has the highest gravimetric capacity (3860mAh/g) and very low reducing potential (-3.04 V vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode). However, a couple of harmful phenomena prevent from using this ideal negative electrode, such as the dendritic growth during the electrodeposition of Lithium metal when a conventional organic liquid electrolyte is used. As a result, the research has been focusing on the development of numerous solid-state electrolytes (SSE) materials, having high Li+ ionic conductivity, high Li+ transport number, large electrochemical stability window, low cost, recyclable. Despite of breakthroughs for both ceramics or polymers fields (and even composites of both), no room temperature SSE has been developed at industrial scale so far [1].In that context, a new concept [2] of composite polymer/ceramic membrane is studied to be implemented within a Lithium Metal battery. It consists of an electrolytic separator where the Li1.3Al0,3Ti1,7(PO4)3 (LATP) ceramic forms one mono layer of monocrystalline and monodispersed grains bonded with a Poly(ethylene)-based matrix. The LATP grains are the Li+ conducting media allowing the Li+ percolation from one side to another while the Poly(ethylene)-based matrix which is ionically and electronically insulating, and, above all, impermeable to most of conventional Li-ion batteries solvents and Li salts, ensuring both the membrane tightening and very good flexibility (figure 1.a.). Herein, this composite membrane is elaborated via a low cost, solvent free process thanks to extrusion and calendering which can be industrially upscaled unlike the very complex and multistep processes suggested in the literature so far [2,3]. The microstructure of the composite separators was characterized by SEM and X-ray Tomography imaging to better understand the influences of the ceramic, the polymer type, and the elaboration process parameters. The Li+ ionic conductivity of the composite membranes as a function of the ceramic content have been studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and a high conductivity of 0.49 mS/cm has been measured at 25°C (50vol% LATP, figure 1.b.). Acting as a chemical barrier, this composite membrane allows the optimization of electrolyte chemistries at both the anode side and the cathode sides. Hence, the ionic charge transfer mechanisms in symmetric electrolyte/membrane/electrolyte systems have been also studied by EIS to determine the driving parameters such as the solvent type, the Li salt type and concentration [4].References:[1] Janek, J. & Zeier, W. G. A solid future for battery development. Nat. Energy 1, 1–4 (2016)[2] Aetukuri, N. B. et al. Flexible Ion-Conducting Composite Membranes for Lithium Batteries. Adv. Energy Mater. 5, 1–6 (2015)[3] Samuthira Pandian, A. et al. Flexible, Synergistic Ceramic-Polymer Hybrid Solid-State Electrolyte for Secondary Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3, 12709–12715 (2020)[4] Isaac, J. A., Mangani, L. R., Devaux, D. & Bouchet, R. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of PEO-LATP Model Multilayers: Ionic Charge Transport and Transfer. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14, 13158–13168 (2022)
Zoungrana, Thierry. "Aspect énergétique de l'interface solide-liquide et étude de l'altération de mouillabilité des solides". Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20238.
Texto completoAkhiar, Afifi. "Caractérisation de la fraction liquide des digestats issus de la codigestion de résidus solides". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS004/document.
Texto completoAgricultural and centralized biogas plants are facing a fast development, leading to the production of huge amounts of digestates. Whereas the solid fraction of digestates is used as fertilizer, the liquid fraction can be valorized by the recovery of mineral materials, although the presence of organic compounds may be problematic for the treatment and disposal of this effluent. The objectives of this thesis are: i) to characterize the liquid fraction of digestates and to provide guidelines for its further treatment, ii) to explain the variability of residual compounds in the liquid fraction of digestates in relation with substrate origin, process parameters and the type of solid-liquid separation. In a first part, eleven digestates from full scale codigestion plants were thoroughly characterized. Their liquid fractions were fractionated by nine successive filtrations, which allowed quantifying the contribution of suspended particles, coarse and fine colloids and dissolved matter on several physico-chemical and biological parameters. Organic compounds were mainly found in suspended particles (> 1.2 µm) and presented low aerobic biodegradability. To enlarge the data base, eighteen more digestates from codigestion and one digestate from waste activated sludge were characterized; their liquid fractions were fractionated by two successive filtrations (1.2 μm and 1 kDa). Principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis and correlation matrix carried out on the 30 digestates set, highlighted the major impact of the solid-liquid separation process on the composition of the liquid fraction of digestates. In the high performance separation process group, subgroups allowed separating digestates from sewage sludge, digestates from pig manure and digestates from plug-flow thermophilic processes. In the low performance separation process group, COD and total solids concentration in the liquid fraction of digestates were correlated to the percentage of energy crops and cow manure in the feed. Finally, SUVA parameter which accounts for aromatic compounds content and the stabilization of organic matter, was correlated to the retention time in digester for the whole digestates set. To understand the origin of residual compounds in the liquid fraction of digestates from co-digestion of high proportions of cattle manure, four CSTR reactors fed with wheat straw, cow dung and cow manure were operated for 48 weeks. Anaerobic digestion performances showed that cow manure had undergone some aerobic degradation during its storage at the farm. Therefore, the liquid fraction of manure digestate had the highest concentrations in organic compounds. In addition, these organic compounds had the highest complexity measured by 3D fluorimetry. The low biodegradability of organic compounds and their high percentage in suspended particles suggest the development of physico-chemical separation process such as coagulation for the treatment of the liquid fraction of digestates
Wang, Hongjiao. "Liquid phase synthesis and application of sulfide solid electrolyte". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023URENS101.
Texto completoTraditional Li-ion batteries use organic liquid electrolytes, which are susceptible to high temperatures due to their low flash point and high volatility. Therefore, it becomes one of the research hotspots for next generation chemical energy storage batteries to replace liquid electrolytes with solid electrolytes. In this thesis, a liquid-phase method using LiEt3BH or Li-Naph as raw materials is invented to synthesize Li3PS4 precursor sol and to obtain monodispersed Li3PS4 nanoparticles. This thesis also develops Li3PS4 sol exhibiting excellent compatibility with Li anodes, so that a Li3PS4 protective layer can be coated on Li by spin-coating of the sol. As a result, the lithium symmetrical cells with Li3PS4-modified lithium electrodes can be cycled stably for 800 h at 1 mA cm−2. To further improve the cycling stability of the Li anode under an extremely high current density, a Ag/Li-LiF-PEO (alloy, inorganic and organic) three-layer structure is proposed. The Ag/Li-LiF-PEO structure enhances the cycling stability of Li anodes under ultrahigh current density, which is demonstrated in lithium symmetrical batteries and Li//LFP batteries. At an ultrahigh current density of 20 mA cm-2, the lithium symmetrical cell survives a 1450-cycle test. This study may contribute to the development of high-performance Li metal batteries
Zanato, Joseli Alves Ferreira [UNESP]. "Produção e qualidade do biogás gerado com os dejetos de diferentes espécies animais". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/113985.
Texto completoObjetivou-se avaliar a melhor diluição para dejetos de suínos, aves de postura, ovinos, caprinos, bovinos de corte e bovinos de leite para o abastecimento de biodigestores, bem como a influência da separação de sólidos desses mesmos dejetos na produção e qualidade do biogás, no potencial de produção de biogás e redução de sólidos. Para o teste de diluições os dejetos foram diluídos em água nas proporções: 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7 e 1:8 (kg de dejeto por kg de água) e adotado o processo físico de peneiramento (peneiras com malhas quadradas de 0,75, 1,00 e 1,50 mm) para separação dos sólidos. Para o ensaio de biodigestão anaeróbia (biodigestores tipo batelada e semi-contínuos) a separação dos sólidos foi feita com peneira de malha de 1mm e substratos com cerca de 4% de sólidos totais. Teste de diluição: embora os resultados tenham variado entre os tipos de dejeto, de modo geral a peneira de malha 1,50 mm permitiu a maior passagem de sólidos. Mas em relação a diluição cada tipo de dejeto apresentou uma resposta. Ensaio de biodigestão anaeróbia (biodigestores tipo batelada): embora para cada dejeto o processo de biodigestão anaeróbia tenha tido uma resposta diferente, de modo geral a separação de sólidos proporcionou melhor qualidade de biogás, porém não foi eficiente para aumentar o potencial de produção de biogás e reduzir sólidos do substrato. Ensaio de biodigestão anaeróbia (biodigestores do tipo semi-contínuo): para os dejetos utilizados (aves de postura e bovinos de leite) a separação de sólidos proporcionou melhor qualidade de biogás, menor produção de biogás, maior redução de sólidos e, para os potenciais de produção de biogás os resultados foram quase sempre positivos. Conclui-se que para o teste de diluição e peneiras os resultados não permitiram uma conclusão geral para todos os dejetos avaliados, pois cada um apresentou características individuais e, para a ...
This trial aimed to evaluate the best dilution for pig, laying hens, sheep, goats, beef cattle and dairy cattle manure to supply digesters, as well as the influence of the solids separation in those same wastes on the production and quality of biogas, on the potential of biogas production and solids reduction. For the dilution test the wastes were diluted with water in the proportions 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7 and 1:8 (kg of manure per kg of water) and adopted the physical process of screening (sieve with square meshes of 0.75, 1.00 and 1.50 mm) for separation of solids. When tested for anaerobic digestion (batch and semi-continuous digesters) separation of solids was made with 1 mm mesh sieve and substrates of about 4% total solids. Dilution test: although the results varied among the types of manure, generally a 1.50 mm mesh sieve allowed greater flow of solids. But in relation to the dilution used each type of waste had a different response. Testing of anaerobic digestion (batch digesters): although for each manure the process of anaerobic digestion has had a different result, generally solids separation provided better biogas quality, but it was not efficient to increase the potential of biogas production and reduce solids of substrate. Testing of anaerobic digestion (semi-continuous digesters): for the wastes (laying hens and dairy cattle) used the solids separation provided better quality of biogas, lower biogas production, greater reduction of solids and in regards to the potential of biogas production the results were almost always positive. It was concluded that for dilution and sieves test results did not allow a general conclusion for all waste reviews, because each one had individual characteristics and, the separation of solids is an efficient method to enhance the quality of the biogas produced, but in relation to the potential of biogas production and solids reduction of the substrate ...
Mitchell, Martin R. "Investigation of structure and disorder in inorganic solids using solid-state NMR". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3367.
Texto completoCockroft, Nigel J. "Solid state spectroscopy : laser selective excitation of erbium ions in crystalline solids". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8056.
Texto completoMujaji, Marjorie. "Solid state spectroscopy : laser selective excitation of holmium ions in crystalline solids". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8145.
Texto completoZatari, Taha Mohammed. "High solids anaerobic digestion of the putrescible fraction of municipal solid waste". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/389.
Texto completoBacle, Pauline. "Organisation et dynamique d'espèces chargées au voisinage de surfaces solides par modélisation de l'échelle atomique à l'échelle micrométrique". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066233/document.
Texto completoThe presence of solid surfaces can modify the organization and the dynamics of charged species in solution with potential applications from the transport of polluants to formation of the firt biopolymers. We study charged systems with increasing complexity in the vicinity of a clay surface by numerical methods. The level of description should be adapted according to the relevant properties while limiting calculation times. Modeling the transport of ions in a clay sample requires to describe its complex structure but also the interactions between the mobile particles considered as punctual and the solid walls. We propose a mesoscopic model composed of a two-media system in which the displacement of the ions obtained by Brownian dynamics is conditioned by the localization of the diffusing species whith the diffusion coefficients being extracted from atomic simulations of molecular dynamics. For non-punctual species such as polyelectrolytes, the system can be simplified by constructing a coarse-grained model that allows to gain access to time scales adapted to diffusion phenomenon thanks to Langevin dynamics simulations. Two cases are considered, with an explicit or non-explicit description of the counter-ions, and the parameters are calibrated on atomic simulations. However, for complex charged molecules such as nucleotides, an atomic description is necessary to take into account the specific interactions emerging from the local structure of the molecule. Then, metadynamics simulations give quantities related to "rare" phenomena such as the adsorption of molecules on the surface of clay
Rovnyak, David S. (Davis Sherman) 1971. "Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance of quadrupolar nuclei with applications to biological solids". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85294.
Texto completoHeidarian, Höckerfelt Mina. "On the chemical and processing stability of pharmaceutical solids : Solid form dependent water presenting capacity and process induced solid form transformation". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-261785.
Texto completoDedecker, Kevin. "Multifunctional Hybrid materials for the capture and detection of volatile organic Compounds : Application to the preservation of cultural heritage objects". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV003.
Texto completoDuring their storage or their exhibition, the cultural heritage objects undergo physicochemical alteration processes related to their environment and in particular to the action of primary (e.g. sulfur dioxide, nitric oxides), secondary (ozone) pollutants or Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). It has been demonstrated that these gases/vapors are involved in hydrolysis and oxidation reactions. Among the most common VOCs encountered in museums, Acetic acid has a significant and recognized role in the deterioration of cultural heritage objects such as photographic films. In order to face this issue, this Ph.D. thesis focused on the design of new porous multifunctional hybrid materials denoted « Metal-Organic Frameworks » (MOFs) for the selective capture of acetic acid in the presence of moisture (40% relative humidity) and at room temperature. The remarkable adsorption properties (sensitivity, selectivity and capacity) and the great versatility of MOFs (hydrophicity/hydrophobicity balance, size/shape of pores,…) were used to preconcentrate selectively the acetic acid in humid conditions. The most performing materials were then prepared as nanoparticles and then used for the elaboration of high optical quality thin films in order to study the coadsorption (acetic acid/water) properties of MOFs by ellipsometry. The incorporation of plasmonic metal nanoparticles was then carried out in order to design a colorimetric sensor. The final objective is to devise a novel type of adsorbent that integrates a high VOC adsorption capacity and selectivity under humid conditions and an easy on-line monitoring of their saturation capacityin order to anticipate its replacement and therefore ensure the preservation of the stored and exhibited objects in museums
El-Shaib, Mohamed Nabil. "Predicting acoustic emission attenuation in solids using ray-tracing within a 3D solid model". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2693.
Texto completoMurray, Jeremy W. "Conversion of thin surface solids to BSP solid sets with visualization and simulation applications". abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1456479.
Texto completoSabra, Fouad. "Contribution à l'étude des réactions d'hydrogénation catalytique de composés organiques solides : hydrogénation du tertiobutyl-4 phénol solide". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10204.
Texto completoVallet-Simond, Baptiste. "Étude de la structure et du magnétisme d'électrons itinérants des composés intermétalliques de type RM12B6 (R = Y,La,Pr; M = Fe, Co)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY017.
Texto completoR-M compounds (where R is a rare earth atom and M is a 3d transition metal) have numerous applications and can exhibit original behaviours (Kondo effect, metamagnetism, etc.) that motivate in-depth fundamental studies. Among these remarkable behaviours, the itinerant electron metamagnetic transitions (IEM) are the most spectacular example. Here we explore the magnetism of itinerant electrons in the RM12B6 (B = boron) phases, whose singular behaviour has attracted the attention of the community.In the first part, we studied 3d magnetism by the substitution of Fe for Co in YCo12-xFexB6. This substitution causes an anisotropic increase of the lattice. The solubility limit of Fe was determined. The magnetic properties of this series of compounds show great sensitivity to the presence of Fe in the structure. These were studied using various models (molecular field, Kuz'min, Inoue-Shimizu, and Takahashi spin fluctuation theory). It has been shown that the substitution of Fe for Co increases the degree of delocalisation of the magnetism of itinerant electrons in this family of compounds, while promoting the gradual establishment of an antiferromagnetic order. IEM transitions were observed for the first time for compounds with x = 1.5, 2 and 2.5. Magnetic phase diagrams were constructed for these compositions. Neutron powder diffraction measurements were used to determine the preferred Fe occupancy pattern in YCo12-xFexB6 and to resolve the magnetic structures of the compounds YCo12B6 and YCo10Fe2B6. Massive single crystals of these two compositions were also synthesised for the first time, and magnetisation measurements were used to identify the different anisotropy coefficients for YCo12B6.In the second part, we studied the effects of chemical subsitutions on the compound LaFe12B6, whose magnetic behaviour is highly original. The study of the substitution of Pr for La in La1-xPrxFe12B6 enabled us to determine the solubility limit of Pr in this crystal structure, and to show the strong sensitivity of the magnetic properties of the LaFe12B6 system to this substitution. The IEM transitions of this system were studied in detail, enabling magnetic phase diagrams of different compositions to be constructed. The various physical effects associated with these transitions were also studied (magnetocaloric effects, significant magnetostrictive effects and giant magnetoresistance). X-ray diffraction measurements at low temperature enabled us to observe a structural transition associated with magnetic ordering for Pr contents with x > 0.05. This lowering of symmetry was identified as the transition from the rhombohedral R-3m phase to the monoclinic C2/m phase. Low-temperature neutron diffraction measurements showed that the magnetic order of the monoclinic phase is that of a ferromagnetic compound. The substitution of C for B in LaFe12B6-xCx was studied by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and the small decrease in lattice parameters was quantified precisely. The effect of the substitution of C for B on the magnetism of the LaFe12B6 compound was identified as analogous to the application of a positive external pressure. IEM transitions therefore require stronger external magnetic fields to initiate. Magnetic phase diagrams were constructed for different carbon compositions by combining laboratory magnetisation measurements with pulsed high-field measurements
Papillon, Anthony. "Frittage de composites Cu-Cr pour l'élaboration de matériaux de contact d'ampoules à vide". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI099.
Texto completoCu-Cr composites are commonly used as contact materials for medium voltage circuit breakers vacuum bottles. Solid state sintering process of Cu-Cr composites is widespread but has been relatively little studied. Optimizing the process requires understanding the sintering mechanisms. This study was focused on two important aspects of sintering: the redox reactions associated to oxides on the powder surface and the competition between densification and swelling mechanisms during sintering.The redox reactions were studied by thermogravimetric analysis coupled to various spectroscopic techniques, first on isolated Cu and Cr, then on Cu-Cr composites. Interfaces analyses obtained by FIB clarified the location of the oxide inside the sintered materials. Oxygen transfer takes place between copper and chromium powders. This phenomenon strongly depends on the reducing character of the sintering atmosphere.Densification was analyzed by dilatometry on Cu, Cr and Cu-Cr composites. This analysis was supported by microstructural observations, including X-ray tomography .The effect of process parameters (atmosphere, heating rate, powders ...) was studied. The results show the relationship between sintering and copper oxide reduction. The swelling phenomenon of copper compacts is explained by high temperature degassing of copper during pore closure. This swelling does not occur in Cu-Cr composites as chromium delays pore closing and entraps the gases released by copper. Sintering atmosphere, chromium morphology and chromium particle size affect densification. Vacuum sintering reduces porosity. Chromium particles with spherical shape limit its inhibiting effect on densification. For small particle sizes, chromium participates to densification, leading to better densification of the material. These results open the route for optimizing the sintering of Cu-Cr composites.Cu-Cr composites were tested for short circuit performance in vacuum interrupters. The result of these tests showed the importance of reducing the chromium oxide amount. The effect of impurities commonly encountered on the powders copper and chromium powders was also determined
Casavechia, Luiz Carlos. "Estudo da fluidodinamica e da troca termica gas-solidos no transporte pneumatico vertical ascendente de misturas de particulas solidas". [s.n.], 1993. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263273.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho é o estudo do efeito da distribuição granulometrica das particulas solidas na fluidodinamica e transferencia de calor gás-solido no transporte pneumatico vertical ascendente ...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the effect of the particle size distribution on the fluid dynamic and fluid-to-particle heat transfer in ascendent vertical pneumatic transport...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations
Mestrado
Termica e Fluidos
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Brouder, Christian. "Contribution à l'étude des structures d'absorption X dans les solides : Application à l'amorphisation par réaction à l'état solide". Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10330.
Texto completoBrouder, Christian. "Contribution à l'étude des structures d'absorption x dans les solides application à l'amorphisation par réaction à l'état solide". Grenoble : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37593756b.
Texto completoGreiner, Yoan. "Nouvelles architectures tridimensionnelles pour électrodes de piles à combustible à oxydes solides (SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell)". Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0496.
Texto completoFuel cells are systems that convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. The physical structure of a fuel cell is composed of a porous cathode and anode separated by a dense electrolyte. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) offer an alternative for power generation and versability in their use. Current research focuses on lowering the operating temperature of this type of fuel cell (500-700°C) to increase their life, reduce manufacturing costs and damageto the interfaces. In order to compensate these problems, research tends towards materials with better electrochemical properties or by modifying the microstructure of the cathode to improve mass transfer and charge transfer. The cathode is a very important layer in the SOFC stack because it has a polarization resistance whose reduction is a major challenge to deal with. In a first part of this thesis work we have developed a method to improve the electochemical properties of strontium doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) cathodes. The second part was devoted to the elaboration and caracterization by impedance spectroscopy of SOFC symmetric half-cells with a LSM-based composite material allowing to improve the electochemical properties of electrodes at temperatures between 600-700 °C
Jassm, Sedki. "Étude d'un lit fluidisé chauffé par microonde". Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10325.
Texto completoMerrachi, El Houssine. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de quelques trioxalato-métallates alcalins : étude du système ternaire H²O -(NH4)3[Cr(C2O4)3]-(NH4)3 [Fe(C2O4)3] : cristallochimie des trihydrates MI3[MIII(C2O4)3],3H2O (MI=NH4, Rb et MIII=Cr, Fe)". Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10014.
Texto completoBriois, Pascal. "Synthèse par pulvérisation cathodique et caractérisation d'électrolytes solides en couches minces pour piles à combustible à oxydes solides (SOFC) fonctionnant à température intermédiaire". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_BRIOIS_P.pdf.
Texto completoThe major problem of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) is their operating temperature. One challenge is to decrease this temperature from 1000 to 700°C, this is the Intermediate Temperature –SOFC technology. It's very important to decrease the thickness of the ionic conductor to reduce its resistance. In this context, the reactive magnetron sputtering is a powerful technique for elaborating the coating with a compatible thickness with the application (~ 5-10 µm). After a description of the experimental device and of some specific analysis methods for this study, we present some results about the materials reference of the SOFC, the Yttria Stabilised Zirconia (YSZ). Then, we present some results about two new materials with higher ionic conductivity of oxygen than YSZ at 700°C: Gadolinia Doped Ceria (GDC) and Lanthanum Molydenum Oxide (LAMOX). At last, we present first results on the synthesis of the bilayer electrolyte coating: GDC/YSZ
Saha, Sujoy. "Exploration of ionic conductors and Li-rich sulfides for all-solid-state batteries". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS041.pdf.
Texto completoGrowing needs for energy storage applications require continuous improvement of the lithium ion batteries (LIB). The anionic redox chemistry has emerged recently as a new paradigm to design high-energy positive electrodes of LIBs, however with some issues (i.e., voltage hysteresis and fading, sluggish kinetics, etc.) that remained to be solved. In addition, the safety of the LIBs can be improved by designing all-solid-state batteries (ASSB). In this thesis, we first focused on the development of new oxide-based solid electrolytes (SE) for applications in ASSBs. We explored the influence of disorder on the ionic conductivity of SEs and demonstrated how to increase the conductivity by stabilizing disordered high-temperature phases. Furthermore, we designed Li-rich layered sulfide electrodes that undergo anionic sulfur redox, with excellent reversibility. Thus, the newly designed electrode materials show a possible direction to mitigate the issues related to anionic redox. Lastly, we used the Li-rich sulfides as positive electrode in ASSB with sulfide-based SEs that demonstrate excellent cyclability, thereby highlighting the importance of interfacial compatibility in ASSBs
Koç, Tuncay. "In search of the best solid electrolyte-layered oxide pair in all-solid-state batteries". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS535.
Texto completoAll-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) that rely on the use of solid electrolytes (SEs) with high ionic conductivity are the holy grail for future battery technology, since it could theoretically enable achieving nearly 70 and 40 % increase in volumetric (Wh/l) and gravimetric (Wh/kg) energy densities, respectively, as well as enhanced safety compared to lithium-ion battery technology. To this end, the last decade has witnessed the development of ASSBs mainly through sulfide-based SEs pertaining to their favorable intrinsic properties. However, such advancements were not straightforward to unlock high-performing practical ASSBs because of complex interfacial decomposition reactions taking place at both negative and positive electrodes, leading to a worsening cycling life. Focusing on the positive electrode, this calls for a better understanding of electrochemical/chemical compatibility of SEs that is sorely needed for real-world applications.This work aims to provide answers regarding the best SE-layered oxide pair in composite cathode for ASSBs. By conducting a systematic study on the effect of nature of SEs in battery performances, we show that Li6PS5Cl performances rival that of Li3InCl6, both outperforming β-Li3PS4 and this, independently of the synthesis route. This is preserved when assembling solid-state cells since Li6PS5Cl pairing with layered oxide cathode shows the best retention upon cycling. This study also unravels that halides react with sulfides in hetero-structured cell design, hence resulting in a rapid capacity decay upon cycling stemming from interfacial decomposition reactions. To eliminate such interfacial degradation process, we suggest a surface engineering strategy that helps to alleviate the surface deterioration, unlocking highly performing ASSBs. Eventually, combined electrochemical, structural and spectroscopic analysis demonstrate that Li3InCl6 cannot withstand at higher oxidation potentials, resulting in decomposition products in contrast to what the theoretical calculations predicted
Beltiukov, Iaroslav. "Matrices aléatoires et propriétés vibrationnelles de solides amorphes dans le domaine terahertz". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTS018/document.
Texto completoIt is well known that various amorphous solids have many universal properties. One of them is the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity. However, the microscopic mechanism of the heat transfer above 20 K is still poorly understood. Recent numerical simulations of amorphous silicon and silica show that vibrational modes in the corresponding frequency range (above several THz) are delocalized, however they are completely different from low-frequency acoustic phonons, called “diffusons”.In this work we present a stable random matrix model of an amorphous solid. In this model one can vary the strength of disorder going from a perfect crystal to extremely disordered soft medium without macroscopic rigidity. We show that real amorphous solids are close to the second limiting case, and that diffusons occupy the dominant part of the vibrational spectrum. The crossover frequency between acoustic phonons and diffusons is determined by the Ioffe-Regel criterion. Interestingly, this crossover frequency practically coincides with the Boson peak position. We also show that, as a function of frequency, the diffusivity and the vibrational density of states of diffusons are practically constant. As a result, the thermal conductivity is a linear function of temperature up to rather high temperatures and then saturates. This conclusion is in agreement with numerous experimental data.Further, we consider a numerical model of amorphous silicon-like materials and investigate the role of disorder for longitudinal and transverse vibrations. We also show that the random matrix theory can be successfully applied to estimate the vibrational density of states of granular jammed systems
Morin, Pierrick. "Etude des propriétés d’électrolytes solides et d’interfaces dans les microbatteries tout solide : Cas du LiPON et des électrolytes soufrés". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI003/document.
Texto completoThe link between the structure and the electrochemicalproperties of thin-film electrolytes and the interface formed withthe cathode material LiCoO2 has been intensively studied bycoupling Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and X-rayPhotoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Nitrogen incorporation intoLiPON, reference solid-state electrolyte for microbatteries, ischaracterized by the formation of lithium and oxygen vacancies,increasing the lithium ions transport. A sulfide based thin filmelectrolyte called LiPOS has been developed by radiofrequencysputtering, with the incorporation of sulfur into the initial Li3PO4structure. The solid/solid interface between LiPON and LiCoO2 ischaracterized by a partial reduction of cobalt and oxidation ofLiPON, which is in all probability responsible of the increase of thecharge transfer resistance between the two materials
Quemin, Elisa. "Exploring solid-solid interfaces in Li6PS5Cl-based cathode composites for all solid state batteries". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS501.
Texto completoWhile Lithium-ion batteries dominate portable devices, growing safety and energy density demands in electric vehicle batteries have led to the exploration of "beyond Li-ion" technology. All-Solid-State Batteries (ASSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries. Thus, this doctoral research focuses on overcoming challenges hindering the practical implementation of ASSBs, with a specific emphasis on cathode composites. The investigation revolves around a common composite comprising Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte (SE) and NMC active material (AM). The research unveils the degradation mechanisms within ASSBs, governed by SE/Carbon additive and SE/AM interfaces. It is observed that capacity deterioration, occurring below 3.6 V vs. Li-In/In, is primarily attributed to SE/Carbon interfaces. Conversely, elevating the voltage to 3.9 V shifts the primary degradation source to SE/AM interfaces. Then, the adverse effects of carbon additives on the ionic conduction of composites are demonstrated, particularly when exceeding 2 wt. % VGCF. Moreover, the study delves into the electronic conductivity of carbon-free composites using innovative in situ monitoring. This reveals Li-induced alterations hindering electronic conductivity, especially at high charge levels, notably in high Ni-content NMC. Furthermore, the influence of particle size and morphology on electronic percolation is extensively examined, advocating for minimal VGCF to enhance kinetics and stability. Strategies for effectively incorporating carbon additives while mitigating long-term capacity loss are explored, encompassing assembly pressure, loading, formation cycles, temperature, and carbonate coating. By mixing these optimal conditions, an enhanced cathode composite is introduced, holding promising potential for the progression of All-Solid-State Battery technology
Du, Bing. "Hydrodynamics and flow structure, gas and solids mixing behavior, and choking phenomena in gas-solid fluidization". Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1110208922.
Texto completoTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxvii, 334 p.; also includes graphics (some col). Includes bibliographical references (p. 322-334). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Costa, Mariana Conceição da 1977. "Determinação experimental do equilibrio solido-liquido de sistemas binarios de acidos graxos saturados : estudo detalhado da fase solida". [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266228.
Texto completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Os ácidos graxos são importantes não só por serem os principais constituintes dos óleos e gorduras de origem vegetal, mas também por terem grande importância no funcionamento de alguns sistemas lipídicos e porque podem ser usados como matéria prima na fabricação de emulsões, plásticos e produtos de limpeza entre outros. Além da grande influência que causam nas características finais de alguns produtos da indústria alimentícia, recentemente pesquisas também os apontam como bons materiais para o armazenamento de energia (phase change materials ¿ PCMs). Nesse trabalho são apresentados diagramas T-x do Equilíbrio Sólido-Líquido de sistemas binários de ácidos graxos saturados através de uma reinterpretação das curvas térmicas obtidas pela calorimetria exploratória diferencial. Esses diagramas de fase apresentam os pontos peritético e eutético além de transições na fase sólida. Esse trabalho investiga detalhadamente a fase sólida das misturas de ácidos graxos saturados, com a intenção de compreender a existência do ponto peritético e das transições na fase sólida que aparecem nos diagramas de equilíbrio. Para esse estudo foram usadas as técnicas de difração de Raios-X, de espalhamento Raman, a microscopia óptica convencional, a microscopia óptica a altas pressões e a calorimetria exploratória diferencial, através da qual foram determinados os diagramas de fase estudados. Através desse estudo foi possível apresentar um diagrama de fases muito mais complexo do que até agora foi encontrado na literatura. Essa complexidade se deve, além da reação peritética e da reação eutética, já conhecidas desses sistemas, a uma reação metatética que ocorre logo acima da temperatura peritética. Também há a formação de solução sólida nos extremos do diagrama de fases, comprovada através do diagrama de Tamman e a uma região de completa miscibilidade, devido à formação de um composto com ponto de fusão incongruente.
Abstract: Fatty acids are important not just to be the main constituent of oils and fats but also because of the important behavior of lipids systems and that can be used as row materials in the manufacture of emulsions, plastics and products for cleaning and others. Besides of the big influenced that causes in the final characteristics of some products for food industries recent research points that they are excellent phase change materials (PCMs). This work presents T-x diagrams of solid-liquid equilibrium of binary systems of saturated fatty acids through the reinterpretation of the differential thermal curves obtained by differential scanning calorimetry. These phase diagrams presents the peritectic and eutectic points besides the transitions on the solid phase. This work studies the solid phase of saturated fatty acids mixtures looking forward to verify the occurrence of the peritectic point and the transitions on the solid phase. For this study it was used the following techniques: X-ray diffratometry, FT-Raman spectroscopy, conventional optical microscopy, optical microscopy under high pressure and differential scanning calorimetry. The phase diagrams studied were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The results obtained through these techniques shows a phase diagram more complex than previously reported in the literature. This complexity is due to a peritectic and eutectic, and to a metatectic reaction that occurs closer to the peritectic temperature. Besides these reactions there is formation of solid solution on the extremes of the phase diagram proven by the Tamman plot and the existence of a region with complete miscibility, close to the peritectic point, due the formation of a compound with incongruently melting point.
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Bellil, Ahmed. "Méthodologie spécifique globale de caractérisation des écoulements gaz/solides pour l'optimisation d'enceintes thermiques". Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2158/document.
Texto completoDysfunctions observed in thermochemical conversion reactors like dead zones and short circuits generally lead to inaccurate pricing of energy resources and air pollution. They originate in the air flow conditions in these aeraulic reactor. They can then be avoided by a better control of these flows. We propose in this work to develop a new tool for determining the distribution of residence time of the solid phase, based on the luminescence of particles previously coated with phosphorescent pigments. This optical method, non-Intrusive and flexible, has been implemented at a laboratory scale, on an aeraulic test bench.On the other hand, we have developed a numerical model allowing to determine the distribution of the residence time to master the flows at the exit of surrounding walls to optimize them and extrapolate them at the industrial scale. This analytical approach is based on a modelling by coupling MFN by finite volume types via the Code Saturn and DEM by discrete elements of the solid behavior by means of the code SIGRAME. Finally a confrontation of the DTS of the digital model with the experimental DTS has been done
Vilmart, Gautier. "Détection de vapeurs d'atomes métalliques par fluorescence induite par laser (LIF) : application à la propulsion solide". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS523/document.
Texto completoDuring the PhD thesis, high-speed laser induced fluorescence (LIF) of two metallic atoms (Al and Fe) is presented, in order to use them as fluorescent markers in solid propellant flames, where they are naturally present. LIF measurements are first performed inside two different evaporation chambers used to generate aluminum vapors in controlled conditions over a broad pressure and temperature range. A theoretical model of the LIF process is elaborated and applied to both atoms in order to calculate the signal quenching rate as a function of pressure and temperature. Unavailable collisional data are determined theoretically for Fe and experimentally for Al. Energy transfer and collisional broadening coefficients are determined experimentally for the Al atom in pure nitrogen environment. Study of the signal level of Al as a function of laser intensity is undertaken to measure saturation thresholds in N₂, He and Ar as a function of pressure. The model is used to properly reproduce the temporal and spectral profiles, though some approximations and limitations remain. A first application of high-speed LIF imaging to the measurement of aluminum in a solid propellant flame (10 bar , 3000 K) is demonstrated. It allows us to clearly visualize reactive aluminum droplets in the flame and to follow their evolution in the flame
Kirakci, Kaplan. "Nouveaux halogénures et chalcohalogénures moléculaires à clusters de molybdène : des solides inorganiques aux assemblages supramoléculaires". Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S051.
Texto completo