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Dibo, Ana Paula Alves. "A inserção de impactos ambientais cumulativos em Estudos de Impacto Ambiental: o caso do setor sucroenergético paulista". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-09012014-152837/.
Texto completoSugarcane ethanol has distinguished itself worldwide as a potential alternative energy source to fossil fuels. However, its production is heavily based on monoculture, intensifying the adverse impacts on environmental resources. These impacts may combine to persist over time, allowing the accumulation of these on environmental resources, making necessary a more appropriate planning of bioethanol production, for a more systemic approach into this process. Amidst these factors, addressing cumulative impacts is an essential element for the ethanol sustainability, able to assess a more holistic manner the implications of monoculture, being required during the environmental licensing process industry. This practice can be conducted through the EIA, enabling these impacts can be identified and assessed for environmental feasibility of projects in the sector can be attested, mainly by establishing an EIS. Despite the demand, there is evidence that the practice of addressing these impacts have not been adequately performed. Given the above, the research aimed to analyze how the cumulative environmental impacts are being entered into the Environmental Impact Statements of São Paulo sugarcane industry in light of the elements recommended by the CIA. To this end, potential cumulative environmental impacts from sugarcane monoculture in the environmental components surface waters, groundwater, aquatic biota and terrestrial fauna and flora were characterized, beyond the definition of criteria for analysis in environmental studies. Thus, we found the current practice of considering these impacts in EIS of sugarcane industry. The methodology was based on a literature review, semi-structured interviews, document analysis and causal model. As a result, it was found that the cumulative environmental impacts have not been adequately considered in EIS, based on the criteria used in the analysis. Among the weaknesses found, there is a lack of identification and the analyze of other activities of the past, present and future, as well as setting time limits. Moreover, it was observed that some of the cumulative impacts identified by the survey are included in the studies as direct and indirect impacts. Whereas monocultures can be characterized as sources of environmental changes on large spatial and temporal perspective, and before their repetitive nature, there is a need to establish requirements, procedures and methods to be employed for the assessment of these impacts. In this context, the Terms of Reference could direct this review by defining the criteria to be included in the studies, enabling an understanding of the disturbances growing areas in environmental systems and setting limits to be observed, besides adding value to decision- making process on the environmental feasibility of the sugarcane industry developments in the state of São Paulo.
Oliveira, Valéria Regina Salla de. "Impactos cumulativos na avaliação de impactos ambientais: fundamentação, metodologia, legislação, análise de experiências e formas de abordagem". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4243.
Texto completoCurrent subjects as the global heating, reduction in n the ozone layer and the loss of the biodiversity, among other, are resulted of centuries of human actions considered without importance by its low prompt significance and whose impacts had not been evaluated. Although the evaluation of environmental impacts - EIA the to have been instituted more than thirty years, its practical one more common it is in the project level and it is not common to evaluation of these impacts, called of cumulative impacts - IC. The need of the consideration of these impacts made a process that considered them to appear - the Cumulative Impact Assessment - CIA. CIA has been studied, practiced and argued at several countries, however in Brazil, its practice is not common. Although the legislation approaches the consideration of cumulative impacts, they don't know each other approaches and methodologies adapted for such analysis, nor as to consider IC in the process of environmental licensing. With base in this gap, this work had as aim to do a conceptual theoretical survey on cumulative impacts and its analysis process, identifying in the literature the conceptual framework, tools, methodologies, application forms and case studies. After the critical analysis of the data, it was traced a conceptual, theoretical and technical profile and presented as result proposed and recommendations for subsidy to a possible systematization of the procedures; aimed the application difficulties and adaptation needs so that the practice of AIC in Brazil is implanted, as well as in several countries.
Questões atuais como o aquecimento global, redução na camada de ozônio e a perda da biodiversidade, entre outros, são resultado de séculos de ações humanas consideradas sem importância por sua baixa significância pontual e cujos impactos não foram avaliados. Apesar da avaliação de impactos ambientais AIA ter sido instituída a mais de trinta anos, sua prática mais comum é no nível de projeto e não é comum a avaliação destes impactos, chamados de impactos cumulativos IC. A necessidade da consideração destes impactos fez surgir um processo que os considerasse a Avaliação de Impactos Cumulativos AIC (Cumulative Impact Assessment CIA). A AIC tem sido estudada, praticada e discutida em vários países, contudo no Brasil, sua prática não é comum. Embora a legislação aborde a consideração de impactos cumulativos, não se conhecem critérios e metodologias apropriadas para tal análise, nem como considerar os IC no processo de licenciamento ambiental. Com base nesta lacuna, este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento teórico conceitual sobre impactos cumulativos e seu processo de análise, identificando na literatura o embasamento conceitual, ferramentas, metodologias, formas de aplicação e estudos de caso. Após a análise crítica dos dados, foi traçado um perfil conceitual, teórico e técnico e apresentado como resultado propostas e recomendações para subsídio à uma possível sistematização dos procedimentos; apontadas as dificuldades de aplicação e necessidades de adequação para que a prática da AIC no Brasil seja implantada, assim como em diversos países.
Silva, João Carlos da. "Avaliação de impactos cumulativos no planejamento ambiental de hidrelétricas na região amazônica: análise a partir dos instrumentos de avaliação de impacto aplicados na bacia do rio Teles Pires". Universidade Nove de Julho, 2017. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1628.
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The importance of preserving the Amazonian biome given its ecological relevance to the planet does not prevent the concentration of energy projects in the Amazon region due to its unique hydro potential. The hydrographic basins of the Amazon River, which includes the Teles Pires River and the Tocantins River, account for about 80% of the new hydroelectric plants planned to meet the demands of electricity in Brazil according to planning documents. The debate about the significant socio-environmental impacts associated with the advance of the hydroelectric frontier for the Amazon region has been intense. In the country since 2003, the hydroelectric sector, besides having their projects evaluated by the Environmental Impact Studies (EIS), also began to be discussed in the context of watersheds through the Integrated Environmental Assessment (IEA). Given the socio-environmental vulnerability of the Amazon region to the construction and operation of hydroelectric plants, it is relevant to discuss the cumulative impacts resulting from multiple hydroelectric plants in the same basin. The objective of this research is to study the environmental studies carried out in the Teles Pires river basin and three hydroelectric projects in this basin, respectively, the Teles Pires river basin IEA and the Colider Hydroelectric plant EIS, the Teles Pires Hydroelectric plant and the Sinop Hydroelectric plant. Thus, it is established as a research question: How the cumulative impacts of hydroelectric projects inserted in a hydrographic basin in the Amazon region are being analyzed in the environmental planning instruments through the Integrated Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Study? The general objective of the research is to analyze the evaluation of cumulative impacts from the Teles Pires river basin scale in the Amazon region to the hydroelectric scale by environmental impact assessment instruments applied to the environmental planning of hydroelectric dams. The results of the research show that there is an association between the cumulative impacts presented in the Integrated Environmental Assessment for the Teles Pires river basin and the Environmental Impact Studies of the uses inserted in this basin. The results also point out that the good practices of Cumulative Impact Assessment are present mainly at the river basin level. It is considered that the cumulative impacts of hydroelectric projects inserted in a hydrographic basin in the Amazon region are being analyzed in the environmental planning instruments, mainly through the Integrated Environmental Assessment of the basin and, to a lesser extent, through the Environmental Impact Study of Hydroelectric use.
A importância da preservação do bioma Amazônico dado sua relevância ecológica para o planeta não impede a concentração de projetos de energia na Amazônia motivados pelo seu singular potencial hídrico. As bacias hidrográficas do rio Amazonas, que abrange a do rio Teles Pires, e do rio Tocantins concentram cerca de 80% das novas usinas hidrelétricas previstas para atender as demandas de energia elétrica no Brasil segundo documentos do planejamento. O debate sobre os significativos impactos socioambientais associados ao avanço da fronteira hidrelétrica para a região amazônica tem sido intenso. No país, desde 2003, o setor hidrelétrico além de ter seus empreendimentos avaliados pelos Estudos de Impactos Ambiental (EIA) também passaram a ser discutidos no contexto de bacias hidrográficas por meio da Avaliação Ambiental Integrada (AAI). Dada a vulnerabilidade socioambiental da região amazônica frente à construção e operação das usinas hidrelétricas, torna-se relevante discutir os impactos cumulativos resultantes de múltiplos aproveitamentos hidrelétricos em uma mesma bacia. O objeto da pesquisa refere-se aos estudos ambientais realizados na bacia do rio Teles Pires e em seis aproveitamentos hidrelétricos nesta bacia, respectivamente, a AAI da bacia do rio Teles Pires e os EIAs da UHE Colider, da UHE Teles Pires, da UHE Sinop, da UHE Foz do Apiacás, da UHE São Manoel e da UHE Magessi. Assim, estabelece-se como questão de pesquisa: Como os impactos cumulativos de aproveitamentos hidrelétricos inseridos em bacia hidrográfica na região amazônica estão sendo analisados nos instrumentos de planejamento ambiental por meio da Avaliação Ambiental Integrada e Estudo de Impacto Ambiental? O objetivo geral da pesquisa refere-se a analisar a avaliação de impactos cumulativos desde a escala de bacia do rio Teles Pires na região amazônica até a escala de hidrelétricas por meio dos instrumentos de avaliação de impacto ambiental aplicados ao planejamento ambiental de hidrelétricas. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que há associação entre os impactos cumulativos apresentados na Avaliação Ambiental Integrada para a bacia hidrográfica do rio Teles Pires e os Estudos de Impacto Ambiental dos aproveitamentos inseridos nesta bacia. Os resultados apontam ainda que as boas práticas de Avaliação de Impactos Cumulativos estão presentes sobretudo no nível de bacia hidrográfica. Considera-se que os impactos cumulativos de aproveitamentos hidrelétricos inseridos em bacia hidrográfica na região amazônica vêm sendo analisados nos instrumentos de planejamento ambiental, principalmente, por meio da Avaliação Ambiental Integrada da bacia e, em menor proporção, por meio do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental do aproveitamento hidrelétrico.
Almeida, Alivinio de. "Hidrovia Tocantins-Araguaia: importância e impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais segundo a percepção dos agentes econômicos locais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-24112004-090158/.
Texto completoThe present study aims to evaluate the perception of potential users of the Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway concerning the possibility of economic, social and environmental impacts in 7 municipalities, in the State of Tocantins. For this purpose, 24 individuals representing the government, private sector and non-government environmental organizations, have been interviewed. Field evidences shows that in the Araguaia River the limited operational infrastructure, installed in 1998, is completely deteriorated and that the ships have not been used since the year 2000. It has been, in the Tocantins River, noticed the nonexistence of dams, which allow to regulate the more aggressive natural differences in the river levels, increasing the navigability of the convoys. Therefore, it can be stated that the waterway is still far from its consolidation as a transportation alternative for this State. As for the opinion of those who have been interviewed, in general, the presence of the Tocantins- Araguaia Waterway in their municipalities is considered interesting and strategic, mainly for the transportation of inputs and finished goods. Despite the little information available as to its dimension, potential and impacts, positive expectation have been manifested as to economic and social aspects, and negative as to environmental aspects. Several of them stated that the slow process of implantation difficult its introduction in the projects or enterprises and causes the incredibility over its consolidation. The statistical analysis of the field data, made through a stepwise regression reveals that the economic agents relates the importance of the Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway for their municipalities to the economic, social and environmental impacts that it might cause. The individual results are significant, according to the confidence level p , for the variables selected by the model, under α = 0,20 (tipe I error) à priori determined. The coefficients of the variables job creation and income improvement, municipal social service offer and the value of the water side properties were significant and positive and the coefficients of the variables knowledge and information on waterway, commercial and industrial activities, tourism activities, and the municipal social service offer, were negative. The variable agricultural activities was not significant. The focal group about Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway was consensual over the economic and social benefits for the State of Tocantins. However, the group warned about possible negative impacts in the environment, especially in the Araguaia River. In general, the study permitted to conclude for the necessity and benefits to consider the qualitative impressions of the potential users in the evaluation of the economic viability of transportation infrastructure projects. Such impressions would serve as parameters of the qualitative aspects brought forward by the entrepreneur, improving the choice of the most adequate enterprise under the economic, social and environmental aspects. As for the effective implantation of the Tocantins-Araguaia Waterway, in the State of Tocantins, the impacts that it may cause should be brought forward. Although economic and social benefits are expected, the perception is of loss of the environmental quality. The Araguaia River, because of its youth and ecosystems fragility, demands a special treatment, based on a careful plan of interventions, that respects its natural characteristics, as well as the species and populations that inhabit it, including the human. The Tocantins River also needs a proper treatment due to the Tocantins Waterway, the multimodal transportation and the hydroelectric generation projects of the State, which depends on it.
Bhatia, Sarika. "Documentation of Biodiversity Impacts (Including Cumulative Biodiversity Impacts) in Environmental Impact Statements". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278173/.
Texto completoCarniel, Beatriz de Faria. "Avaliação de impactos ambientais e sociais do uso da nanotecnologia na agricultura: uma proposta metodológica". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7025.
Texto completoUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Nanotechnology has been reported as a technology that will have further development in this century and agricultural nanotechnologies gain space with the discovery of its potential applications in the transport of substances, nanosensors, nanocapsules, among others. Many of these nanoproducts are already found in the market or in development, therefore, exposure to nanoparticles concerns the scientific community and policy makers. In this context, this project aims to develop a methodology for assessing the environmental and social impacts of nanotechnology use in agriculture. Given the complexity and scope of nanotechnology, impact indicators were formulated by reviewing specialized scientific literature. The indicators were conceptually validated in a remote consultation with experts of areas related to agricultural nanotechnology through a questionnaire formulated according to the Delphi technique. The Impactos AGNano method has the indicators as an essential basis for its development and has two stages of evaluation: Safety Assessment (preliminary assessment to obtain the Security Index) and Impact Assessment (for obtaining Impact Index). The method was validated in a presential consultation with experts of areas related to nanotechnology in agriculture.
A nanotecnologia tem sido reportada como a tecnologia que terá maior desenvolvimento neste século e as nanotecnologias agrícolas ganham espaço com a descoberta de suas potenciais aplicações no transporte de substâncias, nanossensores, nanocápsulas, entre outros. Muitos destes nanoprodutos já são encontrados no mercado ou em desenvolvimento, dessa forma, a exposição às nanopartículas utilizadas nessas tecnologias preocupa a comunidade científica e os legisladores. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a criação de uma metodologia para a avaliação dos impactos ambientais e sociais do uso de nanotecnologias na agricultura. Dada a complexidade e abrangência da área nanotecnológica, indicadores de impacto foram formulados através de revisão de literatura especializada. Os indicadores foram validados conceitualmente em uma consulta remota a especialistas de áreas relacionadas à nanotecnologia agrícola por meio de questionário formulado de acordo com a técnica Delphi. O método Impactos AGNano foi desenvolvido utilizando os indicadores como base e possui duas etapas de avaliação: Avaliação de Segurança (avaliação preliminar para obtenção do Índice de Segurança) e Avaliação de Impacto (para obtenção do Índice de Impacto). O método foi validado em consulta presencial a especialistas de áreas relacionadas a nanotecnologia agrícola.
Freire, Paulo Sérgio Machado. "Análise das medidas de redução dos impactos ambientais do sistema de transporte no espaço urbano". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2009. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5495.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Due to the intensity of its use, the motorized transport has become one of the biggest urban problems, because of the negative impacts caused on this environment. As the population grows, the need to move belongings and people also swells. Although to contribute decisively to the development of economic activities, the intense use of inadequate transportation has grown the social inequities, becoming a big challenge to urban managers committed to sustainability. In order to produce knowledge to support politics formulation to sustainable urban mobility, this work was based on an extensive literature search, in which it was possible to analyze the negative impacts arising from the urban transport and some measures to reduce those impacts currently adopted in developed countries. Based on this analysis, it was developed a field research, where the object of study was some selected measures, which considered potentially viable for developing countries to assess the degree of acceptance and awareness of drivers of the city of João Pessoa, capital of the state of Paraíba (Brazil). Among other findings, the survey revealed that in João Pessoa, the field is open for the adoption of measures to reduce impacts of urban transport.
Devido à intensidade de seu uso, o transporte motorizado vem se tornando um dos maiores problemas do meio urbano, pelos impactos negativos causados nesse ambiente. À medida que a população cresce, a necessidade de deslocamento de bens e pessoas também se avoluma e, apesar de contribuir de forma decisiva para o desenvolvimento das atividades econômicas, a intensa utilização de transporte inadequado tem feito crescer as iniqüidades sociais, passando a ser considerado um grande desafio aos gestores urbanos comprometidos com a sustentabilidade. Com o objetivo de produzir subsídios para formulação de políticas sustentáveis para a mobilidade urbana, este trabalho baseou-se em uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, na qual foi possível analisar os impactos negativos oriundos do transporte urbano e algumas medidas de redução desses impactos adotadas atualmente em países desenvolvidos. Com base nessas análises, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de campo, tendo como objeto de estudo algumas medidas selecionadas, consideradas potencialmente viáveis para países em desenvolvimento, para aferir o grau de aceitação e a percepção dos motoristas da cidade de João Pessoa, capital do Estado da Paraíba (Brasil). Entre outras conclusões, a pesquisa revelou que em João Pessoa, o campo está aberto para a adoção de medidas de redução dos impactos do transporte urbano.
Kao, Flavia. "Práticas de governança corporativa em empresas brasileiras e impactos socioambientais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-06072017-103510/.
Texto completoThis research aims to understand how the corporate governance (CG) practices adopted by Brazilian industrial companies are related to the socio-environmental impacts of their operations. In order to achieve the main objective, the following specific objectives were formulated: 1) to present the characteristics of the sample in terms of activity sector, adoption of CG practices and levels of environmental and social impacts; 2) to know the existing relationships among the environmental, social and CG practices adopted by Brazilian companies; 3) to verify if such combinations are influenced by the sector of performance. Theoretical fundamentals address the theoretical perspectives that support the relationship between CG and sustainability, the general aspects of sustainability and specific aspects of social and environmental management, the general aspects of the corporate governance system and specific aspects of CG practices in Brazil, ending up with national and international surveys that investigated this relationship. The sample surveyed is composed by 46 Brazilian companies listed on the BM&FBovespa, as well as with data available in Thompson Reuters(TM) database ®ASSET4 between 2010 and 2014. The levels of environmental and social impact were determined based on the company\'s position in relation to the other components of the sample in terms of their results within the eight selected variables, resulting in three categories: High, Medium and Low Social and Environmental Impact. Similarly, the level of adoption of CG practices was determined according to the company\'s position in relation to the others in terms of results in seven selected variables. The techniques used at this quantitative nature research have included descriptive analyzes for the presentation of the characteristics of the sample, Qui-square Test for the identification of the relationships among CG practices, social and environmental impacts and Multiple Correspondence Analysis to identify the influence of the activity sector on such associations. The results indicate higher levels of association between the social dimension and CG practices, compared to the environmental dimension, althought in both the cases positives and negatives associations were identified. In addition, the hypothesis that the associations are influenced by the sector of activity was confirmed in both dimensions, indicating that low levels of adoption of CG occurs between sectors with high environmental and social impact. Thus, this study seeks to contribute by presenting evidence of association between practices and socio-environmental impacts at the Brazilian context, allowing to advance in the search of knowledge on how the CG system can contributed to the achievement of a more sustainable development business and aligned with the objectives of sustainability.
Rodrigues, Francisco Gleison de Souza. "O agronegÃcio da carcinicultura marinha e os conflitos sociais e ambientais de uso e ocupaÃÃo do estuÃrio do Rio Jaguaribe no municÃpio de Aracati-CE". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1089.
Texto completoThe riverside and marine plains of Cearà state have been occupied in the last 10 years by the marine shrimp culture that has generated social and environmental impacts over these areas. Recently, new areas of these plains in Cearà have been target of the expansion of shrimp farms, especially in Aracati municipality. It is seen that marine shrimp culture is an activity surrounded by matters that sometimes justify the activity moratorium defended by ambientalists, sometimes justify its implementation by the producers, as marine shrimp culture, as other economical activities, generates both negative and positive impacts over the places where it is inserted. By this meaning it becomes necessary to identify the social impacts, as the environmental impacts promoted over the areas of influence of the agro business of marine shrimp culture, from the studied areas, on Aracati municipality on Cearà state, proposing actions that can minimize the negative impacts and reinforce the positive impacts. To do so, researches were realized on the bibliographical sources of the public organs libraries in Fortaleza; visits to various organs that maintain direct relationships with the activity in Aracati municipality, as works on the study field. The marine shrimp culture is an activity of great importance to Aracati municipality because of its direct and indirect generation of work positions. Although, it can be seen that the activity in Aracati is spacely unorganized, generating conflicts against the estuarial environment and other economical activities, as carnauba straw handcraft and fishing on the marsh. The economic-ecological zoning for the activity in matter in Aracati municipality is the correct direction to minimize the negative environmental and social impacts and reinforce the positive impacts promoted by the implementation of marine shrimp culture.
As planÃcies flÃvio-marinhas do Estado do Cearà vÃm sendo ocupadas nos Ãltimos 10 anos pela carcinicultura marinha que tÃm gerado impactos sociais e ambientais. Recentemente novos espaÃos dessas planÃcies no Cearà foram alvo da expansÃo das fazendas de camarÃo, principalmente no MunicÃpio de Aracati. Observa-se que a carcinicultura marinha à uma atividade cercada por questÃes que ora justificam a moratÃria da atividade defendida por ambientalistas, ora justificam a implementaÃÃo da mesma pelos produtores, pois a carcinicultura, assim como outras atividades econÃmicas, gera impactos negativos e positivos nos locais em que se insere. Neste sentido faz-se necessÃrio identificar os impactos sociais assim como os impactos ambientais promovidos nos espaÃos de influÃncia do agronegÃcio da carcinicultura marinha, a partir das Ãreas estudadas, no MunicÃpio de Aracati no Estado do CearÃ, propondo aÃÃes que possam minimizar os impactos negativos e reforÃar os impactos positivos. Para tanto foram realizadas pesquisas nos acervos bibliogrÃficos das bibliotecas de ÃrgÃos pÃblicos em Fortaleza; visitas a vÃrios ÃrgÃos que mantÃm relaÃÃes diretas com a atividade no MunicÃpio de Aracati, assim como trabalhos de campo na Ãrea de estudo. A carcinicultura à uma atividade de suma importÃncia para a economia do MunicÃpio de Aracati em funÃÃo da geraÃÃo direta e indireta de postos de trabalho. Observa-se, porÃm que a atividade em Aracati à desorganizada espacialmente, gerando conflitos com o ambiente estuarino e com outras atividades econÃmicas como o artesanato da palha de carnaÃba e a pesca no manguezal. O Zoneamento EconÃmico-ecolÃgico para a atividade em questÃo no MunicÃpio de Aracati à a direÃÃo correta para que sejam minimizados os impactos ambientais e sociais negativos e reforÃados os impactos positivos promovidos com a implementaÃÃo da carcinicultura.
Rodrigues, Renan Albuquerque. "Vidas despedaçadas impactos socioambientais da construção da usina hidrelétrica de Balbina (AM), Amazônia Central". Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2013. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4214.
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Sustainable development is a global necessity. Regarding the Amazon, there is much to discuss and improve the scope of projects for large hydroelectric plants, built for a generating energy, but because involve forced displacement of populations due to the dams of the rivers, often have large social conflicts created as occurred historically, from projects and military government agencies, in the 1960, 1970 and 1980 in Brazil. One of Amazonian dams that showed great potential for the generation of these conflicts was Balbina. Located in Presidente Figueiredo, in the Central Amazon, the Balbina dam had completed its construction in 1987, flooding an area of 2.400 km2 of forest, reaching about 3.000 families living downstream of the dam. The objective of this study is to analyze social impacts after nearly 25 years of operation of the dam began in 1989. The impacts were analyzed based on: i) participant observation, in which the social context is described, and ii) study and inferential analysis of lifestyles, through analytic ethnography. At around Balbina were interpreted results indicating disaffiliation territorial biases and emotional, fragmentation of belonging, weakening of social relations and demotion of practical actions for the formation of organized groups in the region. How coping and mitigating actions, we chose to highlight: i) suspension and cancellation, immediately, via action by Public Ministry and Procon, of all debts pertaining to electricity bills that have been imputed to those affected by dams, ii ) reorganization of the economy within the living environments to address food insecurity and lack of income, iii) implementation of a model of trade with use aggregate of social currency to those affected by the dam and iv) the orientation of production according to the population diversity upstream and downstream of the dam.
O desenvolvimento sustentável é uma necessidade global. No que tange à Amazônia, há muito o que se debater e melhorar no âmbito dos projetos para grandes centrais hidrelétricas, construídas para a geração energética, mas que, dado implicarem deslocamentos forçados de populações por causa das barragens dos rios, amiúde tem criado amplos conflitos sociais em épocas atuais, tal como ocorreu historicamente, a partir de projetos de organismos e governos militares, nas décadas de 1960, 1970 e 1980 no Brasil. Uma das represas amazônicas que apresentou grande potencial para a geração desses conflitos foi Balbina. Localizada em Presidente Figueiredo, na Amazônia Central, a represa de Balbina teve finalizada sua construção em 1987, alagando uma área de 2.400 km2 de floresta, atingindo cerca de 3 mil famílias que viviam a jusante e montante da usina. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar impactos sociais após duas décadas e meia de operação da hidrelétrica, iniciada em 1989. Os impactos foram analisados a partir de: i) observação participante, em que o contexto social é descrito; e ii) estudo e análise inferencial dos modos de vida, por meio da etnografia analítica. No entorno de Balbina, foram interpretados resultados de vieses de desfiliação territorial e afetiva, fragmentação de pertencimento, enfraquecimento de relações sociais e rebaixamento de ações práticas para a formação de grupos organizados na região. Como ações de enfrentamento e mitigadoras, optou-se por destacar: i) suspensão e cancelamento imediado, via ação judicial, dos passivos financeiros que tenham sido imputadas aos atingidos pela UHE Balbina, ii) reorganização da economia dentro dos ambientes de vivência para enfrentar a insegurança alimentar e a falta de renda, iii) implantação de um modelo de comércio agregador com uso de moeda social para os atingidos pela barragem e iv) a orientação da produção segundo a diversidade populacional a montante e jusante da represa.
Pinto, Fernando Miguel Simões. "Turismo como aposta para as exportações nacionais". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14707.
Texto completoO turismo é um fenómeno que tem registado um crescimento exponencial nos últimos anos e, cada vez mais, tem ganho relevância para o desenvolvimento económico, através do seu contributo para as exportações, geração de riqueza e criação de postos de trabalho. É um dos temas mais debatidos internacionalmente, com o intuito de se perceber como os países podem beneficiar com o crescimento desta atividade, nomeadamente na vertente social e ambiental. O presente trabalho consiste num estudo de natureza qualitativa com o objetivo de compreender e descrever o fenómeno do turismo, com base numa análise ao comportamento das exportações portuguesas nos últimos anos, bem como do contributo do turismo para as mesmas e a sua importância para Portugal, com a finalidade de averiguar se este deve ser aposta futura para o crescimento das exportações nacionais. Os resultados indicam que estas últimas apresentam um crescimento no período de 2012 a 2016 e com expetativas para continuarem nesse sentido. Em 2016 o turismo teve um peso de 16,7% no total destas e de 48,2% nas exportações de serviços. Mostram ainda que o governo português criou um plano para o futuro do turismo, estabelecendo metas e medidas para acompanhar e monitorizar o crescimento deste. Indicam também que o turismo deve ser aposta para o crescimento das exportações, devido ao seu contributo para estas e ainda o conjunto de benefícios que gera aos níveis social e ambiental.
Tourism is a phenomenon that has seen an exponential growth in recent years and, increasingly, has gained relevance for economic development, through its contribution to exports, wealth generation and job creation. It is one of the most internationally debated themes, in order to understand how countries can benefit from the growth of this activity, particularly in the social and environmental aspects. The present work consists of a qualitative study with the objective of understanding and describing the phenomenon of tourism, based on an analysis of the behavior of Portugal exports in recent years, as well as the contribution of tourism to them and its importance to Portugal, with the purpose of ascertaining if this should be a future investment for the growth of national exports. The results indicate that the those presented a growth in the period from 2012 to 2016 and with expectations to continue in this direction. In 2016 tourism represented 16.7% in the total of these and 48.2% in services exports. They also show that the portuguese government has created a plan for the future of tourism, establishing goals and measures to monitor tourism growth. They also point out that tourism should be an investment for the future, due to its contribution to export performance and the benefits that it generates at social and environmental levels.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Oliveira, Maria do Rosário Barros de. "Os impactos dos eventos turísticos: o caso da viagem medieval em Santa Maria da Feira". Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/1581.
Texto completoA realização de eventos tem vindo a ser considerada uma das mais importantes manifestações do Turismo em Portugal e no mundo, sendo notório que os mesmos geram uma dinâmica na economia das localidades. Assim, importa saber que tipos de impactos resultam desses eventos. A Viagem Medieval em Terra de Santa Maria é o maior evento de recriação medieval do País, constituindo uma oferta turística única que potencia a promoção do município, razão pela qual foi escolhido o estudo de caso - “Os impactos dos Eventos turísticos – O Caso da Viagem Medieval em Santa Maria da Feira”, que tem por objectivo analisar a percepção da população e das instituições locais sobre os impactos causados pelo evento, na localidade. Para o efeito, foram aplicados questionários para aferir os tipos de impactos – económicos, sociais, culturais e ambientais, e a sua natureza – positivos e negativos, em SMF. As principais conclusões apontam para: A importância dos impactos económicos do evento para SMF: para as entidades e população respondentes (cerca de 72% e cerca de 80%, respectivamente) acreditam que o maior impacto económico positivo é o aumento do volume de transacções comerciais; A importância social e cultural do evento turístico para SMF: sendo a valorização e preservação do património histórico e cultural o impacto sócio-cultural positivo, comum às entidades (com cerca de 83% das concordâncias) e à população respondente (com cerca de 70% das concordâncias). Por outro lado, o maior impacto negativo decorrente do evento refere-se ao aumento do congestionamento e tráfego urbano (cerca de 78%, na perspectiva nas entidades e cerca de 83%, na perspectiva da população respondente); As preocupações ambientais relacionadas com o evento: as entidades (cerca de 70%) apontam para a utilização racional dos espaços como sendo o maior impacto ambiental positivo decorrente do evento. Esta percepção é confirmada pela cuidada ocupação do espaço do evento e pelo recente projecto de requalificação e expansão do parque do Cáster; O contributo dos impactos gerados pelo evento para o desenvolvimento de SMF, em que cerca de 32% dos impactos explicam o desenvolvimento da localidade. The production of events has been considered as one of the most important expressions of tourism in countries and in the world being notorious that the same events creates dynamics in the economy of towns. Therefore, it is important understanding what types of impact result from these events. The “Viagem Medieval em Terra de Santa Maria” is the biggest medieval recreation event in the Country, setting up an unique touristic offer that enhances the promotion of the municipality, being this the reason for the choice of the case study: - “The events touristics impacts – the case of Viagem Medieval in Santa Maria da Feira”, which has as objective the analysis of the perception of the local entities and population on the impacts caused by the event in the town. For that purpose, questionnaires were applied to assess the types of impacts - economic, social, cultural and environmental and their nature – positives and negatives, in Santa Maria da Feira. The main conclusions suggest for: The economic impacts importance of the event for SMF; being the valorisation and preservation of the historical and cultural heritage, the positive socio-cultural impact, common to the entities (with approximately 83% of all concordances) and the respondent population (about 70% of all concordances). On the other hand, the largest negative impact resulting from the event refers to the increase urban traffic and congestion (approximately 78%, from the perspective of the entities and around 83%, from the respondent population’s perspective); Social and cultural importance of the touristic event for the local population; for entities and population respondents (approximately 72% and nearly 80%, respectively) believes that the greatest positive economic impact is the increase in the volume of commercial transactions; Environmental concerns related to the event: the entities (approximately 70%), Identify the rational use of spaces as being the largest positive environmental impact VIII resulting from the event. This perception is confirmed by careful event’s space occupancy and the recent plan of the rehabilitation and expansion of Cáster Park; The contribution of the impacts event for the development of SMF, where approximately 32% of impacts explain the development of the locality.
Md, Noar Nor. "Wave impacts on rectangular structures". Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6609.
Texto completoSilva, Paulo Diego D. ovídio. "Avaliação de impactos da cadeia produtiva em aeroportos : o caso de Congonhas". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4329.
Texto completoUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Over time, the business grossed airport beyond its traditional functions, such as transporting passengers and cargo, commercial functions, with the inclusion of shopping malls, cinemas, food courts, among others. Thus, several developments aids such as logistics companies, car rental, travel agencies and even residential neighborhoods, occupied in a disordered manner the airport surroundings, causing adverse impacts to their neighborhood. Aiming to remedy this and other undesirable consequences of development at any cost, which prevailed in recent decades, there was Law Project 181/89, which led the Estatuto da Cidade. Sanctioned in 2001, the Estatuto represented a major breakthrough with regard to planning and urban development, bringing an instrument to help assess environmental impacts at local level: the Impact of Neighborhood, which is designed the housing projects, institutional or commercial for which there is no requirement for the studies. This paper proposes a methodological framework for prediction, assessment and evaluation of impacts due to construction and operation of enterprises that make up the production chain airport, considering the neighborhood impacts arising from the implementation and operation of the Airport of Sao Paulo-Congonhas, which do not considered in environmental impact studies. At first, a literature review was conducted to understand the specifics of the study area, passing by the physicals, socials and economics attributes. This process was followed by field work, where photographic records were made, the identification of the production chain linked to the airport and the main impacts that it causes the local neighborhood. Then the collected data were used to compose cartographic representations, showing areas of occurrence for each impact raised, and the participation of each sector that makes up the production chain in the generation of such impacts. 8 After performing the above-mentioned procedures, it was concluded that the most significant impacts to the neighborhood were vehicles parked on uneven areas (such as sidewalks, vacant properties and on traffic routes) and the generation of noise, from the production structure, the mass circulation of vehicles and the airport itself. Among the groups of enterprises studied, it was observed that companies facing the logistics industry (cargo) and the airlines appear as the most striking, being the main generators of both the impacts described above, giving worse quality of life of local people.
Com o passar do tempo, os empreendimentos aeroportuários agregaram além de suas funções tradicionais, como transporte de passageiros e cargas, as funções comerciais, com a inclusão de shoppings, cinemas, praças de alimentação, entre outros. Dessa forma, diversos empreendimentos auxiliares, tais como empresas de logística, locação de veículos, agências de turismo e até mesmo bairros residenciais, passaram a ocupar de maneira desordenada os entornos aeroportuários, provocando impactos adversos a sua vizinhança. Visando sanar esta e outras consequências indesejáveis do desenvolvimento a qualquer custo, que preponderou nas últimas décadas, surgiu o Projeto de Lei 181/89, o qual originou o Estatuto da Cidade. Sancionado em 2001, o referido Estatuto representou um grande avanço no que concerne ao planejamento e ao desenvolvimento urbano, trazendo consigo um instrumento para auxiliar a avaliação de impactos ambientais a nível local: o Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança (EIV), o qual se destina aos projetos habitacionais, institucionais ou comerciais para os quais não há a obrigatoriedade de EIA-RIMA. O presente trabalho propõe um referencial metodológico para previsão, levantamento e avaliação de impactos devido à construção e operação de empreendimentos que compõem a cadeia produtiva aeroportuária, considerando os impactos de vizinhança decorrentes da implantação e operação do Aeroporto de São Paulo-Congonhas, os quais não considerados em estudos de impactos ambientais. Em um primeiro momento, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico para se compreender as especificidades da área estudada, perpassando por atributos físicos, sociais e econômicos. Tal processo foi seguido por trabalhos de campo, onde foram feitos registros fotográficos, a identificação da cadeia produtiva vinculada ao aeroporto e os principais impactos que a mesma causa à vizinhança local. Em seguida os dados levantados foram utilizados para compor representações cartográficas, demonstrando as áreas de ocorrência para cada impacto levantado, e a participação de cada setor que compõe a cadeia produtiva na geração dos referidos impactos. Após a realização dos procedimentos supramencionados, foi possível concluir que os impactos mais significativos à vizinhança foram os veículos estacionados em áreas irregulares (como calçadas, imóveis vagos e nas vias de circulação) e a geração de 7 ruídos, provenientes da estrutura produtiva, da circulação maciça de veículos e do próprio aeroporto. Dentre os grupos de empreendimentos estudados, pôde-se observar que as empresas voltadas para o setor de logística (transporte de cargas) e as companhias áreas, configuram-se como as mais impactantes, por serem os principais geradores de ambos os impactos supracitados, conferindo prejuízos na qualidade de vida da população local.
Reid, Scott Edmonds. "An Adaptive Assessment of Visitor Impacts to Protected Areas". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32365.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Moreno, Ibáñez Manuel. "Impact hazard associated with large meteoroids from disrupted asteroids and comets". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666005.
Texto completoLarge meteoroid fragments disrupted from asteroids and comets may encounter the Earth along their orbits, posing extremely hazardous scenarios. Contemporary events like Chelyabinsk (2013), Carancas (2007) or Tunguska (1908) demonstrated that meteoroids in the diameter range of 1 to 100 m can devastate large areas and injure local population through the associated energetic blast, or even produce casualties due to localized crater excavation. Despite the relatively low frequency of these events, they have become a major concern within space agencies and other planetary defense initiatives which are currently developing impact mitigation tactics. This is in line with the growing popularity of this subject in the scientific community. The number of yet unresolved questions underlying the pre- and impact physics motivates the work carried out in this thesis. The study of meteoroids that encounter the terrestrial atmosphere provides valuable clues about their progenitors, their delivery mechanisms to Earth, and their ability to threaten our planet. This thesis starts by exploring the complexity of meteoroid dynamics through two exceptional phenomena. On the one hand, a limited number of meteoroid dust trails detached from the comet 8P/Tuttle 620 years ago impact the Earth when the parent comet is in its aphelion, thus increasing the activity of the annual Ursid meteor shower. Aphelion-related increases in a meteor shower activity are uncommon and hence the Ursids offer a new perspective of orbital mechanics. On the other hand, meteorite falls, like Annama, can be orbitally linked to celestial bodies if their atmospheric trajectories are accurately recorded. Exploring these parental relationships offer the opportunity to overcome the uncertainties emerged from the short-term orbital evolution of near-Earth objects and ultimately predict future impacts. The second part of this thesis focuses on the characterization of the atmospheric flight of a meteoroid. While up to-date re-entry models that account for the meteoroid ablation and fragmentation are common, no observational or modelling studies have resolved the intricacies associated with the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region for meteoroids travelling at hypersonic velocities and in rarefied gas flow conditions. This thesis presents the first observational validation of the flight flow regimes of centimeter-sized meteoroids and provides a new insight into the consequences for the meteoroid flight physics due to the generation of a shock wave. Meteoroid shock waves are also intimately related to the meteoroid energy deposition at different heights, which can alternatively be stated from the analysis of the terminal height of the meteoroid’s trajectory. A new approach capable to precict the terminal heights is outlined in this thesis. The results show that, besides the great accuracy achieved, the calculated terminal heights are a valuable input to the derivation of atmospheric flight parameters. Furthermore, the approach taken provides a new way of classifying impacting meteoroids that improve previous classification scales. Finally, a discussion of the implications of the previous analysis to impacting bodies of different sizes is carried out. Since Earth impacts by meter-sized or smaller bodies are more frequent, the study of sub-metric meteoroids provides a wide catalogue of events that can be crucial to understand the meteor physics. Being able to extrapolate the behaviour of these bodies to asteroid sizes can provide new clues on the underlying physics and make predictions concerning the degree of hazard associated with energetic events. The results of this work also provide feedback and an alternative approach to current and foreseen numerical simulations that were seen in the past as the only way to deal with these challenging encounters.
Barreiros, Mario Antonio Ferreira. "O Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança (EIV): método de avaliação de impactos por meio de matrizes matemáticas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-27092017-102817/.
Texto completoThe Brazilian Neighborhood Impact Study (EIV) is one of urban policy instruments contained in the Statute of the City - Federal Law 10.257 / 2001. The EIV became mandatory for issuing licenses or permits for construction, expansion or operation of projects and activities. This instrument is focused on the evaluation of relations and inter-relations between the enterprise and its environment and seeks to identify and evaluate the impacts that will be generated for it. Because it is a little known instrument, its development still requires further clarification, both by technicians who have legal authority to carry it out, as by municipal technicians with assignment to analyze them. This work deals with the development of new methods for the preparation and evaluation of Neighborhood Impact Studies (EIV), derived from Leopold Matrix (1971). The method developed in this study was prepared through the use of evaluation matrices, empirically developed since 2002 and honed by Leopold Matrix (op. Cit.), The theory of Systemic Approach, as defined by Churchman (1971) and, in addition, the AHP, Analytic Hierarchy Process, created by Saaty (1991). The method of using these matrices for the elaboration of Neighborhood Impact Studies was applied in recent studies, allowing an evaluation of the usefulness of the methodology developed. The matrices allowed more complete and in-depth evaluations. The use of mathematical criteria allowed objective evaluations, minimizing the subjectivities of the judgments. The objective of this work is to obtain results that can be verified and obtained, within an essentially scientific point of view.
Balby, Cecilia Negrão. "Avaliação de impactos à saúde:desenvolvimento internacional e perspectivas no Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-26092012-145539/.
Texto completoIntroduction: Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is adopted as a strategy to address the potential health impacts associated with policies, plans, programs or projects in various countries, but not yet in Brazil. Objective: To identify the Brazilian conditions that can contribute to HIA advantages and constraints already described in the literature, considering its future adoption in Brazil, particularly in the case of projects. Method: Review of scientific literature and other documents on HIA, identified in Pub Med and Science Direct, as well as in HIA websites, in order to understand the context and compile HIA advantages and constraints already described in the literature. Review of Brazilian scientific literature and other Brazilian documents on impact assessment and health, identified through LILACS and SCIELO databases as well as other Brazilian web sites that address the subject. Additional qualitative research with Brazilian stakeholders. Results and discussion: HIA is still developing worldwide. Due to that, there are equally important advantages and limitations associated to its drivers, its object (policies, plans, programs or projects), when it is conducted (prospective or retrospective), HIA sponsors and assessors, HIA types, if HIA is institutionalized, if it is integrated with other forms of impact assessment (AIA, SEA), its approach to health, its scope and methods, the participation of affected parties and its influence to decision making. In Brazil, health impact assessments are frequently retrospective and do not adopt HIA tools and its steps. The Brazilian Ministry of Health is working to introduce HIA in the country. Conclusions and recommendations: There are opportunities to introduce HIA of projects in the country. However, it is urgent to engage Brazilian health and impact assessment professionals with national and international networks, in order to deepen and improve the discussion and to prepare them to face future questioning to HIA eventually raised by those that view the impact assessment process as an obstacle to efficiency in the context of project decision making. It is also necessary to develop minimum standards so that some issues already faced and solved elsewhere are not repeated in Brazil
Daniels, Melissa Lynn. "Minimizing Visitor Impacts to Protected Lands: An Examination of Site Management and Visitor Education Methods". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42509.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Soares, Jardel Batista. "An?lise dos impactos do REUNI na percep??o da Comunidade Universit?ria dos Campi Regional de Montes Claros/MG (UFMG) e Regional de Diamantina/MG (UFVJM)". UFVJM, 2017. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1647.
Texto completoLinha de pesquisa: Educa??o, Sujeitos, Sociedade, Hist?ria da Educa??o e Pol?ticas P?blicas Educacionais.
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Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFMG)
O Programa de Apoio a Planos de Reestrutura??o e Expans?o das Universidades Federais (REUNI), implantado em 2007 pelo governo federal, objetivou criar condi??es para a amplia??o do acesso e perman?ncia na educa??o superior, em n?vel de gradua??o, atrav?s de melhor aproveitamento da estrutura f?sica e de recursos humanos existentes nas Universidades Federais. A presente pesquisa pretendeu analisar o REUNI na Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) e na Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), expondo os impactos do programa no Campus Regional de Montes Claros e no Campus Regional de Diamantina, na percep??o da Comunidade Universit?ria. O estudo se torna relevante ao propor avaliar o Programa e seus impactos nas referidas institui??es, no incentivo ? expans?o (quantitativo) e ? reestrutura??o (qualitativo) da educa??o superior no Brasil, diante do diagn?stico que apresentava o ensino universit?rio federal antes de 2007. Portanto, o objeto deste trabalho ? o REUNI, delimitado ao Instituto de Ci?ncias Agr?rias, Campus da UFMG, localizado em Montes Claros ? MG, e o Campus Regional de Diamantina ? MG, da UFVJM, no per?odo de 2007 a 2017. A pesquisa ? de natureza b?sica e do tipo explorat?ria, descritiva e Survey. A amostra foi a Comunidade Universit?ria dos Campi em an?lise. A t?cnica de pesquisa foi documental, de levantamento e revis?o bibliogr?fica. As fontes foram Leis e Decretos do governo federal, Relat?rios de Gest?o Institucional, Resolu??es, Regimentos, Atas do Conselho Universit?rio, dados estat?sticos do Sistema Integrado de Gest?o Acad?mica (SIGA) e do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais An?sio Teixeira (INEP) e as informa??es coletadas por meio de question?rios de opini?o p?blica. Em 2008 foi publicado o primeiro relat?rio do REUNI, que apontou forte ades?o pelas institui??es federais de ensino superior e, de certa forma, demonstrou que houve o cumprimento de algumas metas e supera??o de outras. Como Pol?tica P?blica em Educa??o, o REUNI levou a mudan?as significativas no ensino superior nas Universidades Federais do Pa?s. Com o investimento de R$ 9.000.000.000,00 (nove bilh?es de reais), o governo federal reestruturou e expandiu as Universidades Federais, proporcionando a perman?ncia de muitos discentes carentes, expans?o de vagas no per?odo diurno e principalmente no noturno e a contrata??o, por meio de concurso p?blico, de t?cnico-administrativos em educa??o e professores, al?m da reestrutura??o das instala??es j? existentes.
Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.
The Federal University Expansion and Restructuring Support Program (REUNI), implemented in 2007 by the federal government, aimed to create conditions for the expansion of access and permanence in higher education, at graduate level, through a better use of the physical structure and human resources existing in the Federal Universities. The present study aimed to analyze REUNI at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), presenting the impacts of the program on the Regional Campus of Montes Claros and the Regional Campus of Diamantina, in the perception of the University Community. The study becomes relevant when it proposes to evaluate the program and its impacts on the above institutions, on the incentive to the (quantitative) expansion and the (qualitative) restructuring of higher education in Brazil, in view of the diagnosis presented by university education before 2007. Therefore, the objective of this work is REUNI Program, delimited to the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Campus of UFMG, located in Montes Claros - MG, and the Regional Campus of Diamantina - MG, UFVJM, from 2007 to 2017. The research is basic in nature and exploratory, descriptive and Survey type. The sample was the University Community of the Campi under analysis. The research technique was documentary, of survey and bibliographical revision. The sources were Federal Government Laws and Decrees, Institutional Management Reports, Resolutions, Regimes, University Council minutes, Statistical Data of the Integrated Academic Management System (SIGA) and the National Institute of Studies and Educational Research An?sio Teixeira (INEP) and the information collected through public opinion questionnaires. In 2008, the first REUNI report was published, which showed strong adherence by federal higher education institutions and, to some extent, demonstrated that some goals were met and others exceeded. As a Public Policy in Education, REUNI led to significant changes in higher education in the federal universities of the country. With the investment of nine billion reais (R$ 9.000.000.000,00), the federal government restructured and expanded Federal Universities, providing the permanence of many needy students, the expansion of daytime and mainly night time vacancies, and the hiring of technical-administrative staff in education and teachers, in addition to the restructuring of existing facilities.
Lima, Daniel Cassiano Lima. "A bananicultura na área de proteção ambiental da Serra de Maranguape - CE e suas implicações no ambiente fisico,humano e na biodiversidade". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2005. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/16481.
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The serra de Maranguape is a pre-litoral residual mountain, located 25 km from Fortaleza, with a maximum altitude of 920 m. The type of vegetation of this mountain range is called Floresta Tropical Subperenifólia Plúvio-Nebular and constitutes a remnant of the Atlantic Forest. The few studies on the biological diversity of the serra de Maranguape already carried through, indicate a biota distinct from the one presented in the surrounding caatinga, and the presence of species of the Atlantic and Amazonian Forests. The mild temperature and the high humidity favor the agricultural use of this mountain range, and currently, the banana culture is in evidence not only for supplying the Fortaleza market, but also for causing environment problems, as landslides, impoverishment of the soil, burial of rivers and reduction of the biodiversity. In order to investigate the effect of the banana culture on the local herpetofauna, it was compared the diversity and abundance of these animals in Areas of Permanent Preservation with forest and with banana plantations. The species were registered according to the visual survey method (specimens/time), and 18 species were registered for the banana plantations areas: Adelophryne maranguapensis, Anolis fuscoauratus, Bufo paracnemis, Coleodactylus meridionalis, Drymoluber dichrous, Eleutherodactylus gr. ramagii, Hyla aff. decipiens, H. gr. microcephala, H. minuta, H. raniceps, Leposoma baturitensis, Leptodactylus ocellatus, Phrynohyas venulosa, Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, Physalaemus gr. cuvieri, Placosoma sp., Proceratophris boiei and Scinax x-signata, while the forest areas had only 12 of these species. Only Adelophryne maranguapensis, Eleutherodactylus gr.. ramagii and Hyla aff decipiens were found in every worked month. During the driest months, the relative densities of the species, with the exception of E. gr. ramagii, seemed to be bigger in the forest areas than in the banana plantations areas, indicating that the forest areas can represent a refuge, during the dry periods, for the populations that, in the rainy periods, occur in the banana plantations areas. Therefore, the maintenance of the native forest can be essential for the conservation of these herpetofauna populations. The herpetofauna diversity of the banana plantations areas and of the forest areas were compared with the use of the index of Shannon-Wiener, and no significant difference was found. It was also discussed alternatives to the traditional banana culture, aiming to contribute to the prevention and/or reversion of the environment problems caused by the irregular culture of banana plants in the hillsides and edges of rivers. On the alternatives, agroforest system seemed to be a good solution, as it has been implanted in banana plantations in mountain areas of South Brasil, and has contributed to the reduction of the landslides and to the increase of the soil fertility and of the local shadowing. The agroforest system has being used even in reforestation and it also promotes the diversification of the agricultural production, which is desirable when it is wanted to solve problems resulted from monoculture practices. It was also investigated the banana growers knowledge on the environment problems and their social-economic condition, having been registered that many of them do not have a formal education and were unaware of the gravity of the consequences of the banana culture in this mountain range, as well as the authority of the environmental agencies and the application of the environmental laws. The majority of the banana growers never worked in something else, although they have parallel activities, and many of them work in precarious conditions, without working guarantees.
A serra de Maranguape é um maciço residual pré-litorâneo, localizado a 25 km de Fortaleza, com altitude máxima de 920 m. O tipo de vegetação da serra é denominado Floresta Subperenifólia Tropical Plúvio-Nebular e constitui um remanescente de Mata Atlântica. Os poucos trabalhos sobre a diversidade biológica da serra, já realizados, indicam uma biota diferente da existente na caatinga circundante, abrigando inclusive espécies das matas atlântica e amazônica. A temperatura mais amena e a alta umidade favorecem o uso agrícola da serra, sendo que atualmente a bananicultura está em evidência não somente por suprir o mercado em Fortaleza, mas também pelos problemas ambientais causados, como deslizamentos de terra, empobrecimento dos solos, assoreamento de rios e diminuição da biodiversidade. A fim de investigar os efeitos da bananicultura sobre a herpetofauna local, comparou-se a diversidade e abundância destes animais em Áreas de Preservação Permanente com matas e também com bananais. As espécies foram catalogadas de acordo com o método de registro de encontros visuais (espécimes/tempo), tendo sido registradas 18 espécies para os bananais: Adelophryne maranguapensis, Anolis fuscoauratus, Bufo paracnemis, Coleodactylus meridionalis, Drymoluber dichrous, Eleutherodactylus gr. ramagii, Hyla aff. decipiens, H. gr. microcephala, H. minuta, H. raniceps, Leposoma baturitensis, Leptodactylus ocellatus, Phrynohyas venulosa, Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, Physalaemus gr. cuvieri, Placosoma sp., Proceratophris boiei e Scinax x-signata, enquanto que as áreas com matas apresentaram somente 12 destas espécies. Apenas Adelophryne maranguapensis, Eleutherodactylus gr. ramagii e Hyla aff decipiens foram encontrados em todos os meses de trabalho. Nos meses mais secos, as densidades relativas das espécies, com exceção de E. gr ramagii, pareceram ser maiores nas áreas de matas que nas áreas de bananais, indicando que as áreas de mata podem representar um refúgio durante os períodos secos para as populações que, nos períodos chuvosos, também ocorrem nos bananais. Consequentemente, a manutenção da mata nativa pode ser essencial para a conservação destas populações da herpetofauna. A diversidade da herpetofauna das áreas com bananais e das áreas com mata foi comparada, com a utilização do índice de Shannon-Wiener, não tendo apresentado diferenças significativas. Também foram discutidas alternativas ao cultivo tradicional da banana, visando contribuir na prevenção e/ou reversão de problemas ambientais causados pelo cultivo irregular de bananeiras nas encostas e margens de rios. Dentre as alternativas o sistema agroflorestal parece ser uma boa solução, pois tem sido implantado em bananais no sul do país, em áreas serranas, tendo contribuído com a diminuição dos deslizamentos de solos e com o aumento de sua fertilidade, além de permitir o sombreamento local, sendo usado inclusive em reflorestamento. O sistema agroflorestal promove ainda, a diversificação da produção, desejável quando se quer resolver problemas oriundos de uma monocultura. Também foram investigadas a visão dos bananicultores sobre a questão ambiental e sua condição sócio-econômica, tendo sido registrado que boa parte deles não tinha instrução escolar e desconhecia a gravidade das conseqüências do cultivo da banana na serra, bem como a autoridade dos órgãos ambientais e a aplicação das leis. A maioria deles nunca trabalhou em algo diferente da agricultura, embora exerçam atividades paralelas, sendo que boa parte deles trabalha em condições precárias, sem garantias trabalhistas.
au, asmith@murdoch edu y Amanda Jessica Smith. "Campsite impact monitoring in the temperate eucalypt forests of Western Australia: An integrated approach". Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040504.151201.
Texto completoTomanik, Raquel. "Estudo de impacto de vizinhança e licenciamento urbanístico-ambiental : desafios e inovações". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4245.
Texto completoThe Neighborhood Impact Study (NIS), urban instrument introduced by the Status of the City Federal Law nº. 10.257 of 2001 , has been studied in this work so as to verify its applicability in integrated licensing procedures. We have sought to establish relations of affinity and complementation between NIS and other instruments in support to the territorial planning and management, based on the review of bibliographic concepts and methods in analysis and evaluation of urban and environmental impacts. Then we have traced the NIS path, from founding principles, such as the concern to minimize hassles from building in surrounding lots, until its consolidation as a tool of mitigation and compensation of the negative reflexes of the urban development. The analysis of the implementation processes in Araraquara e Santo André has enabled the verification of the potentialities and problems of the application of NIS in integrated urban-environmental licensing, noting some guidelines for regulating of the instrument in other locations.
O Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança (EIV), instrumento urbanístico introduzido pelo Estatuto da Cidade Lei Federal n.º 10.257 de 2001 , foi estudado neste trabalho com o objetivo de verificar sua aplicabilidade nos processos de licenciamento integrado. Buscou-se estabelecer relações de afinidade e complementaridade entre o EIV e outros instrumentos de apoio ao planejamento e gestão territorial, partindo da revisão bibliográfica de conceitos e métodos em análise e avaliação de impactos ambientais e urbanísticos. Em seguida, traçou-se a trajetória do EIV, partindo de princípios fundadores, como a preocupação em minimizar os incômodos provenientes da edificação em lotes vizinhos, até sua consolidação como ferramenta de mitigação e compensação dos reflexos negativos do desenvolvimento urbano. A análise dos processos de implementação em Araraquara e Santo André possibilitou a verificação das potencialidades e problemas da aplicação do EIV nos processos de licenciamento urbanísticoambiental integrado, assinalando algumas diretrizes para a regulamentação do instrumento em outros municípios.
Santos, José Ésio dos. "A carcinicultura no Ceará: principais impactos ambientais em uma fazenda no Cumbe - Estuário do Rio Jaguaribe". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2006. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/18426.
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A carcinicultura é uma atividade tradicional que visa à criação de camarões em cativeiro. No estado do Ceará esta atividade tem um maior potencial devido à grande quantidade de áreas propícias ao seu desenvolvimento. A criação de camarões em cativeiro visando a exportação representa mais uma opção de investimento e de diversificação da atividade industrial para o estado. Aliada as condições ambientais favoráveis, os mercados nacional e principalmente internacional, à carcinicultura está marcada por uma grande demanda potencial do produto que garanta a viabilidade econômica da produção de camarões em larga escala no município de Aracati. A maioria dos problemas que ocorrem na atividade do cultivo de camarões são resultados diretos do local onde os viveiros de engorda são construídos. A avaliação dos impactos ambientais dos projetos de implantação de fazendas merece especial atenção para a escolha do local de construção dos viveiros de engorda. Do ponto de vista científico, deve-se evitar a concentração de fazendas de criação de camarões e é necessário que se cuide da qualidade da água e que haja monitoramento constante dos criatórios a fim de evitar a poluição dos mangues e dos recursos hídricos. Com o adensamento das fazendas de camarões, começam a surgir pragas que acabam demandando um uso maior de produtos químicos colocando em risco o equilíbrio ecológico e social. A atividade causa fortes impactos ambientais e sócio-econômicos. O desenvolvimento desordenado da carcinicultura afeta sobretudo o ecossistema manguezal um dos mais complexos do planeta, importante na geração e produção de vida animal e na subsistência de muitas comunidades. A carcinicultura é acusada de causar severos impactos ambientais pois modifica o fluxo da marés, acabam com a biodiversidade, promovem alterações no regime hídrico no fluxo e disponibilidade da água, contaminação do lençol freático, muitas vezes afetando o abastecimento humano. É imperativo que o poder público e o setor produtivo levem em consideração um programa de manejo e mitigação dos impactos ambientais e estabeleçam políticas e práticas para o cultivo sustentável de camarão marinho no estado.
Lima, Daniel Cassiano. "A bananicultura na Ãrea de proteÃÃo ambiental da Serra de Maranguape - CE e suas implicaÃÃes no ambiente fisico,humano e na biodiversidade". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1667.
Texto completoA serra de Maranguape à um maciÃo residual prÃ-litorÃneo, localizado a 25 km de Fortaleza, com altitude mÃxima de 920 m. O tipo de vegetaÃÃo da serra à denominado Floresta SubperenifÃlia Tropical PlÃvio-Nebular e constitui um remanescente de Mata AtlÃntica. Os poucos trabalhos sobre a diversidade biolÃgica da serra, jà realizados, indicam uma biota diferente da existente na caatinga circundante, abrigando inclusive espÃcies das matas atlÃntica e amazÃnica. A temperatura mais amena e a alta umidade favorecem o uso agrÃcola da serra, sendo que atualmente a bananicultura està em evidÃncia nÃo somente por suprir o mercado em Fortaleza, mas tambÃm pelos problemas ambientais causados, como deslizamentos de terra, empobrecimento dos solos, assoreamento de rios e diminuiÃÃo da biodiversidade. A fim de investigar os efeitos da bananicultura sobre a herpetofauna local, comparou-se a diversidade e abundÃncia destes animais em Ãreas de PreservaÃÃo Permanente com matas e tambÃm com bananais. As espÃcies foram catalogadas de acordo com o mÃtodo de registro de encontros visuais (espÃcimes/tempo), tendo sido registradas 18 espÃcies para os bananais: Adelophryne maranguapensis, Anolis fuscoauratus, Bufo paracnemis, Coleodactylus meridionalis, Drymoluber dichrous, Eleutherodactylus gr. ramagii, Hyla aff. decipiens, H. gr. microcephala, H. minuta, H. raniceps, Leposoma baturitensis, Leptodactylus ocellatus, Phrynohyas venulosa, Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, Physalaemus gr. cuvieri, Placosoma sp., Proceratophris boiei e Scinax x-signata, enquanto que as Ãreas com matas apresentaram somente 12 destas espÃcies. Apenas Adelophryne maranguapensis, Eleutherodactylus gr. ramagii e Hyla aff decipiens foram encontrados em todos os meses de trabalho. Nos meses mais secos, as densidades relativas das espÃcies, com exceÃÃo de E. gr ramagii, pareceram ser maiores nas Ãreas de matas que nas Ãreas de bananais, indicando que as Ãreas de mata podem representar um refÃgio durante os perÃodos secos para as populaÃÃes que, nos perÃodos chuvosos, tambÃm ocorrem nos bananais. Consequentemente, a manutenÃÃo da mata nativa pode ser essencial para a conservaÃÃo destas populaÃÃes da herpetofauna. A diversidade da herpetofauna das Ãreas com bananais e das Ãreas com mata foi comparada, com a utilizaÃÃo do Ãndice de Shannon-Wiener, nÃo tendo apresentado diferenÃas significativas. TambÃm foram discutidas alternativas ao cultivo tradicional da banana, visando contribuir na prevenÃÃo e/ou reversÃo de problemas ambientais causados pelo cultivo irregular de bananeiras nas encostas e margens de rios. Dentre as alternativas o sistema agroflorestal parece ser uma boa soluÃÃo, pois tem sido implantado em bananais no sul do paÃs, em Ãreas serranas, tendo contribuÃdo com a diminuiÃÃo dos deslizamentos de solos e com o aumento de sua fertilidade, alÃm de permitir o sombreamento local, sendo usado inclusive em reflorestamento. O sistema agroflorestal promove ainda, a diversificaÃÃo da produÃÃo, desejÃvel quando se quer resolver problemas oriundos de uma monocultura. TambÃm foram investigadas a visÃo dos bananicultores sobre a questÃo ambiental e sua condiÃÃo sÃcio-econÃmica, tendo sido registrado que boa parte deles nÃo tinha instruÃÃo escolar e desconhecia a gravidade das conseqÃÃncias do cultivo da banana na serra, bem como a autoridade dos ÃrgÃos ambientais e a aplicaÃÃo das leis. A maioria deles nunca trabalhou em algo diferente da agricultura, embora exerÃam atividades paralelas, sendo que boa parte deles trabalha em condiÃÃes precÃrias, sem garantias trabalhistas.
The serra de Maranguape is a pre-litoral residual mountain, located 25 km from Fortaleza, with a maximum altitude of 920 m. The type of vegetation of this mountain range is called Floresta Tropical SubperenifÃlia PlÃvio-Nebular and constitutes a remnant of the Atlantic Forest. The few studies on the biological diversity of the serra de Maranguape already carried through, indicate a biota distinct from the one presented in the surrounding caatinga, and the presence of species of the Atlantic and Amazonian Forests. The mild temperature and the high humidity favor the agricultural use of this mountain range, and currently, the banana culture is in evidence not only for supplying the Fortaleza market, but also for causing environment problems, as landslides, impoverishment of the soil, burial of rivers and reduction of the biodiversity. In order to investigate the effect of the banana culture on the local herpetofauna, it was compared the diversity and abundance of these animals in Areas of Permanent Preservation with forest and with banana plantations. The species were registered according to the visual survey method (specimens/time), and 18 species were registered for the banana plantations areas: Adelophryne maranguapensis, Anolis fuscoauratus, Bufo paracnemis, Coleodactylus meridionalis, Drymoluber dichrous, Eleutherodactylus gr. ramagii, Hyla aff. decipiens, H. gr. microcephala, H. minuta, H. raniceps, Leposoma baturitensis, Leptodactylus ocellatus, Phrynohyas venulosa, Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis, Physalaemus gr. cuvieri, Placosoma sp., Proceratophris boiei and Scinax x-signata, while the forest areas had only 12 of these species. Only Adelophryne maranguapensis, Eleutherodactylus gr.. ramagii and Hyla aff decipiens were found in every worked month. During the driest months, the relative densities of the species, with the exception of E. gr. ramagii, seemed to be bigger in the forest areas than in the banana plantations areas, indicating that the forest areas can represent a refuge, during the dry periods, for the populations that, in the rainy periods, occur in the banana plantations areas. Therefore, the maintenance of the native forest can be essential for the conservation of these herpetofauna populations. The herpetofauna diversity of the banana plantations areas and of the forest areas were compared with the use of the index of Shannon-Wiener, and no significant difference was found. It was also discussed alternatives to the traditional banana culture, aiming to contribute to the prevention and/or reversion of the environment problems caused by the irregular culture of banana plants in the hillsides and edges of rivers. On the alternatives, agroforest system seemed to be a good solution, as it has been implanted in banana plantations in mountain areas of South Brasil, and has contributed to the reduction of the landslides and to the increase of the soil fertility and of the local shadowing. The agroforest system has being used even in reforestation and it also promotes the diversification of the agricultural production, which is desirable when it is wanted to solve problems resulted from monoculture practices. It was also investigated the banana growers knowledge on the environment problems and their social-economic condition, having been registered that many of them do not have a formal education and were unaware of the gravity of the consequences of the banana culture in this mountain range, as well as the authority of the environmental agencies and the application of the environmental laws. The majority of the banana growers never worked in something else, although they have parallel activities, and many of them work in precarious conditions, without working guarantees.
Possetti, Rafaela Bermudez. "Avaliação do impacto da estação de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) do município de Araraquara - SP, no manancial Ribeirão das Cruzes, pela utilização dos macroinvertebrados aquáticos como bioindicadores". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-11052016-112455/.
Texto completoThe hydric resources are essential to life, since they are part of the metabolic processes in living organisms. Along the years, as human activity has increased and its consequent impacts have caused a high concern in order to preserve such resources. In order to have water consumption by humans, it needs to be treated, making it potable. Thus, effluents that originate in human activities - especially domestic sewage - must be treated before being released to the receiving water body, reducing the possibility of environmental impact. In aquatic ecosystems, macroinvertebrates are being used along the last years as a tool to evaluate environmental quality. Once known the problem caused by the release of domestic effluents in rivers and streams, the present project aims to study the macroinvertebrates community within the Cruzes stream, upstream and downstream the area of wastewater treatment effluents from Araraquara municipality. The macroinvertebrates were collected in two seasons of the year at four different points, using network \"D\" by kick sampling method. Along the collection, steps were taken in place of the dissolved oxygen content, pH, electrical conductivity, water temperature, sediment to determine the content of organic matter and water for phosphorus and total nitrogen analysis. The organisms were identified at family level except Chironomidae identified to genera or species for subsequent application of biotic and community levels. The results show that there were changes in the community structure and a decrease in the richness of aquatic macroinvertebrates after the ETE (Treatment Sewage Station) in Araraquara. The exclusive presence Chironomus genre at the point after ETE points to a high environmental impact.
Littlefair, Carolyn Joy y n/a. "The Effectiveness of Interpretation in Reducing the Impacts of Visitors in National Parks". Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050324.085357.
Texto completoLittlefair, Carolyn Joy. "The Effectiveness of Interpretation in Reducing the Impacts of Visitors in National Parks". Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366059.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
Full Text
Mora, Karin. "Non-smooth dynamical systems and applications". Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636521.
Texto completoUtsunomiya, Renata. "Impactos sociais e efeitos cumulativos decorrentes de grandes projetos de desenvolvimento: aplicação de rede de impactos e sobreposição de mapas em estudo de caso para o Litoral Norte Paulista". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-25082014-083805/.
Texto completoImpact Assessment (IA) practice has different inadequacies, especially about identification and assessment of social impacts and cumulative effects. Hence, there is the demand of exploring methods for minding this gap, mainly in the context of impacts derived from large development projects in Brazil. The North Coast of São Paulo was used a case study, as the region was announced to receive different development projects related to oil and gas exploitation and logistic for exportation. There are many socioenvironmental changes predicted by different instruments such as Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) of projects, Master Plans, among others. This research aimed to verify the contributions of the use of Impact Network and Map Overlaying to consider the social dimension in Impact Assessment. The Impact Network method allowed to address the causality of direct and indirect social impacts, linking them to different receptors for comprehending its cumulativeness. The Map Overlaying method added spatial data from different sources, allowing to identify current and expected social impacts and its spatial and temporal cumulativeness. The main results are: identification of indirect social impacts, comprehension of cumulative social impacts in different receptors and the identification of spatial cumulativeness now and considering the planning future scenario. These methods are currently poorly applied and were important to deal with social impacts and cumulative effects. In the end, it was concluded that the approach contributed to better consider the social dimension in Impact Assessment of large projects.
Gonçalves, Neto Pedro Silveira. "Análise de impactos de vizinhança decorrentes da implantação de supermercados no Município de São Carlos". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4284.
Texto completoThe study of the neighborhood impact deals chiefly the question of the limit intervention in the urban area. Due to the high population growth and the absence of laws to propose a direction to the use and land cover, these were conducted in a disorderly way. The result can be seen in the spatial segregation experienced by low-income population and the ineffectiveness of infrastructure urban systems that permitted the placement of large buildings without the proper review within the current legal parameters. The Federal Law 10.257/2001, also known as City Statute, emerged as one of the guidelines for analysis of urban land, because imposes the rules that permit a better reclamation of land use through the study of the neighborhood impact (EIV). The City Statute relieves a significant importance as regards the provision of urban and community, transport and public services, to the interests and needs of the population and the local characteristics in the development of RIV, since the man's action on urban land, without a prior planning, already shows signs of degradation not only of the urban environment, but also with regard to the physical environment. In this context, this project was developed, with the help of GIS tools, in a study covering the municipality of São Carlos and different categories of supermarketsized (small, medium and large - defined based on the area occupied by development and volume of activity) in order to assess the influence of the size of the business in the neighborhood impacts generated by these supermarkets. The work has developed about how the positioning of companies (in addition to other factors such as size of the building and nearby) contribute to the increase in population density and change of use of buildings, thus the result post-deployment directly affects attendee population of the nearby building. The results showed that the Geographic Information System enabled relationships between the variables and was capable to spatialized them effectively. In addition, was found that the legislation does not have total conditions to guide the studies of urban impacts due to the complex integration between the urban environment and impacting components.
O estudo de impacto de vizinhança trata fundamentalmente da questão dos limites da intervenção no espaço urbano. Devido ao elevado crescimento da população e a ausência de leis que propusessem um direcionamento ao uso e à ocupação do solo, estes, foram conduzidos de maneira desordenada. O resultado pode ser visto na segregação espacial sofrida pela população de baixa renda e a ineficácia de sistemas de infra-estrutura urbana por conseqüente implantação de grandes edificações sem a correta análise dentro dos atuais parâmetros legais. A Lei Federal 10.257/2001, também conhecida como Estatuto da Cidade, surgiu como uma das diretrizes de análises do solo urbano, pois, impõe regras para que o aproveitamento do solo tenha um melhor desempenho através do estudo de impacto de vizinhança (EIV). O Estatuto da Cidade releva uma significativa importância no que diz respeito à oferta de equipamentos urbanos e comunitários, transporte e serviços públicos adequados aos interesses e necessidades da população e às características locais na elaboração do RIV, uma vez que a ação do homem sobre o solo urbano, sem estudo prévio, já mostra sinais de degradação não só do ambiente urbano, mas também, no que se refere ao meio físico. Nesse contexto, foi desenvolvido o presente projeto o qual pretendeu, com auxílio de ferramentas de geoprocessamento, realizar um estudo abrangendo o município de São Carlos e diferentes categorias de porte de supermercados (pequeno, médio, e grande definidos com base na área ocupada pelo empreendimento e volume de atividade), de forma a avaliar a influência do porte do empreendimento nos impactos de vizinhança gerados por tais supermercados. A abordagem do trabalho desenvolveu-se acerca de como o posicionamento de empresas (além de outros fatores como, tamanho da edificação e áreas de influência) contribuem para o aumento do adensamento populacional e mudança de uso das edificações, pois, o resultado pós-implantação atinge diretamente a população freqüentadora das proximidades da edificação. Os resultados mostraram que o sistema de informações geográficas possibilitou relacionamentos entre as variáveis e espacializá-las de maneira eficaz. Além disso, foi constatado que a legislação ainda não possui totais condições de nortear os estudos acerca dos impactos urbanos devido à complexa integração existente entre o ambiente urbano e os componentes impactantes.
Vieira, Júnior Jaime do Espírito Santo. "Análise das implicações da redução da atividade pecuária e aumento da atividade graneleira no estado do Tocantins". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5595.
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IFTO - Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Tocantins
A agropecuária do Tocantins vem sofrendo significativas transformações. Essas transformações estão ligadas às políticas federal e estadual de apoio à fronteira agrícola (MATOPIBA), ao aquecido mercado de exportação de commodities (grãos/carne), a programas de financiamentos agrícolas públicos e privados, à ocupação de terras em pastagens por atividades agrícolas e à migração. Em geral, os impactos destes incentivos que geram transformações econômicas não recebem a mesma importância dos seus idealizadores. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as implicações da redução da atividade pecuária e aumento da atividade graneleira no estado do Tocantins, nos últimos 15 anos. Para alcançar os objetivos, foi realizada uma descrição conjuntural dos programas e intervenções estatais para promoção da agropecuária no Tocantins, onde se analisou a dinâmica e os efeitos econômicos causados. A importância desse estudo está no entendimento dos efeitos da redução da tradicional pecuária extensiva conjuntamente com o aumento da moderna agricultura tecnificada. Esse estudo viabiliza um melhor planejamento do futuro do Agronegócio tocantinense, apontando tendências que podem gerar efeitos inesperados. Nessa investigação foram usados dados secundários governamentais e não governamentais, entrevistas semiestruturadas e visitas a duas propriedades rurais. Nesse sentido, verificou-se que o projeto de Campos Lindos (berço do MATOPIBA-TO), apesar da truculência na implantação e dos impactos gerados, foi o que colocou o Estado no patamar de maior produtor de soja da região Norte do Brasil, sendo esse incremento, junto com os preços baixos das terras tocantinenses os motivadores do processo migratório de produtores e empresas de originação de grãos para áreas tradicionais de pecuária nas regiões Centrais e a Oeste do Estado. A partir do ano 2000 verificou-se uma intensa modernização agrícola no Tocantins, principalmente no município de Porto Nacional. Nesse período, os dados econômicos do Tocantins sofreram alterações positivas, uma vez que houve significativos aumentos do PIB, PIB per capita, renda e IDHM conforme os dados levantados.
Farming of Tocantins has suffered significant transformations. These changes are linked to federal and state policies to support agricultural frontier (MATOPIBA), to the popular market of commodities export (grains/meat), to public and private agricultural financial programs, to occupation of land in pasture for agricultural activities and migration. In general, the economic impacts of these incentives that generates economic transformations don’t receive the same importance of its creators. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate the implications of reducing livestock activity and increased graneleira activity in the state of Tocantins, the last 15 years. To achieve the objectives, a cyclical description of the programs was realized and State interventions to promote agribusiness in Tocantins, where farming dynamics and socioeconomic effects caused were analyzed. The importance of this study is in the understanding of the effects of changes in traditional extensive livestock modifications for the technical modern farming. This study enables a better future planning of Tocantins Agribusiness, mitigating unexpected effects. Governmental and non-governmental secondary data were used for this investigation, semi-structured interviews and visits into rural properties. In this sense, it was established that the Campos Lindos project (Cradle of MATOPIBA-TO), despite the implementation truculence and the economic impacts generated, that put the State in a high level as the biggest soybean producer of the northern region, being this increase, the motivator of the migration process of producers and grain origination companies to traditional areas of livestock in the Central regions and at West of the State. From 2000, a real agricultural modernization occurred in Tocantins, mainly in the municipality of Porto Nacional. During this period, the socioeconomic data of Tocantins suffered positive changes, once there were significant increases of the GDP, GDP per capita, income and HDI, according to the data collected.
Moscardi, Jean Prost [UNESP]. "Método da árvore temporal modificada aplicado à análise de impactos ambientais: um estudo de caso". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102952.
Texto completoO Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (RIMA), por muitas vezes sub-estimados em seu valor, apresenta-se apenas como um capítulo no Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) sem o devido reconhecimento e grau de relevância. O objetivo do presente estudo foi à proposição de um novo método de avaliação de impactos ambientais, no qual, a caracterização e formatação apresentaram-se direcionadas ao público leigo e distinto dos profissionais que realizam os trabalhos ambientais, porém, de grande relevância em processos licenciatórios. Este estudo teve inicio por via de uma pesquisa bibliográfica detalhada em métodos: de avaliação de impacto ambiental existentes; ensino a adultos e a adolescentes; e, bancos de dados à área de meio ambiente; e finalizou em um método dinâmico de estudo, no qual profissionais de pouco conhecimento no assunto encontram-se embasados, suportados por um programa computacional o qual apresenta seu banco de dados livre com grande e rápida comunicação, acessibilidade e transporte. Os resultados dos estudos de caso demonstraram a facilidade de implantação do método, entretanto, quanto aos questionamentos envolvendo especificamente o tempo de implantação bem como a troca dinâmica informações verificou-se a necessidade de novos levantamentos no assunto, a serem realizados em estudos futuros.
The Environmental Impact Report is often a poorly addressed chapter in the Study of Environmental Impact. In most cases, the chapter fails to transmit to the general public the relevance and importance of such report. The objective of this study is to propose a reform in the method of analyzing and reporting environmental impact, making it more comprehensive, clear, and relevant to the general public. The study was carried out with a detailed bibliographic research in the following areas: A) methods of evaluating environmental impact; B) Adolescent and Adult Pedagogy; C) Environmental Studies Database. Later on, a more interactive study was conducted. This study observed a group of professionals, who had limited knowledge in environmental studies, as they interacted in a closed environment equipped with computers connected to various natural sciences databases, containing a strong and reliable system. The study found the proposed method of Environmental Impact Report to be easy to implement. However, more research is needed in order to address specific questions, such as the time of implementation of the new method and the dynamics of the exchange of data.
Pimentel, Virginia Cleire Ribeiro. "Alternativas de solução para os impactos físicos de barragens". Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-08082005-142356/.
Texto completoThis Dissertation aims the presentation of a general analysis of the environmental physical impacts arised from the construction of dams and the creation of reservoirs. Presents also the suggestion of a series of measures to be implemented in order to avoid or to mitigate those impacts and the subjects that would be monitored.
Bezerra, Lireida Maria Albuquerque. "Análise dos impactos sócio-ambientais decorrentes da mineração na Chapada do Araripe – Nova Olinda/Ceará". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/20230.
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The research aims to analyze the process of socio environmental degradation in Chapada do Araripe , in the city Nova Olinda/Ceará, resulting from the extraction and exploitation of limestone, offering theoretical elements that contribute to the emergence of alternatives that contribute to mitigate the damage caused by the mining activity in the capitalist mold. The methodology was based on a qualitative analysis, based on the understanding of the subjective characteristics and on the information related to the communities living around the mining activity, and also on the specific literature on the study subject. The analysis of the environmental impacts arisingfrom the mining in Nova Olinda is of paramount importance for thecomprehension of the intensity of the environmental impacts and how theycompromise the Chapada do Araripe and its surroundings, as well as the historical and paleontological records of the sedimentary basin of Araripe. It is noticed that the intensity of theenvironmental impacts result from thenon-sustainable exploitation, compromising the environment and its surroundings, with the waste tailings, changes in vegetation and extraction that degrades and impacts the local landscape.
A pesquisa objetiva analisar o processo de degradação sócio ambiental na Chapada do Araripe, no município de Nova Olinda/Ceará, decorrente da extração e exploração do calcário, oferecendo elementos teóricos, que contribuam para o surgimento de alternativas que contribuam para mitigar os estragos provocados pela atividade da mineração nos moldes capitalistas. A metodologia partiu de uma análise qualitativa, com base no entendimento das características subjetivas e das informações relacionadas às comunidades que vivem no entorno da atividade mineradora e, também o embasamento de literatura específica na área do objeto de estudo. A análise dos impactos ambientais decorrentes da mineração em Nova Olinda é de suma importância para a compreensão da intensidade dos impactos ambientais e como estes comprometem a Chapada do Araripe e seu entorno, bem como, os registros históricos e paleontológicos da bacia sedimentar do Araripe. Percebe-se, que o grau de intensidade dos impactos ambientais resulta de uma exploração não sustentável comprometendo o meio ambiente e seu entorno, com o desperdício do rejeito, alteração na vegetação e uma extração que degrada e impacta a paisagem local.
Lawton, Brett Thomas. "Orthodontic psychosocial impacts". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000728.
Texto completoSokolov, Stanislav V. "Electrode-particle impacts". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:92b60bce-79c9-4dc7-b1fe-15c1f8a7bdbb.
Texto completoIbrahim, Mustapha. "Investigation of contact time and impact force of particle-surface impacts". Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2017. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.726774.
Texto completoRosly, Dahlia. "Social impacts in the environmental impact assessment of light rail transit". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337197.
Texto completoWu, Peter I.-Kung. "Mechanical loading impacts intramuscular drug transport : impact on local drug delivery". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45914.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 152-166).
Controlled-release drug-delivery systems enable efficient and defined administration of therapeutic agents to target tissues. However, ultimate drug distribution and pharmacologic effect are determined by target tissue pharmacokinetics. In muscular tissues, complex architecture that is further augmented by dynamic motion and contraction can alter the pharmacokinetics and deposition of locally delivered macromolecules. We developed a system and applied a quantitative schema to investigate the impact of controlled mechanical loads applied to skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue on intramuscular transport of locally delivered drug. In a series of studies, we examined how the interaction between architectural configuration and functional mechanics alters the transport of drugs across both physicochemical and binding properties. We correlated these pharmacokinetic effects with characteristic parameters in the physiologic range of the tissue to derive mechanistic insight into the fundamental structural and dynamic elements that underlie these effects. While previous studies have revealed the unilateral scaling of substrate uptake with mechanical influences, we elucidated an architecturally defined pharmacokinetic setpoint whereby maximal drug penetration corresponds with optimal muscle function. Our findings elucidate basic biologic design in muscle that optimizes the interface between tissue and its physical environment. The unique insights from our investigations have broad impact on current understanding of the pharmacokinetic influences of biologic form and function, and elucidate new clinical strategies for controlled release and local delivery of a wide range of therapeutic compounds to mechanically active tissues.
by Peter I-Kung Wu.
Ph.D.
Lago, César Ambrogi Ferreira do. "Climate changes impacts on subtropical urban drainage with low impact developments". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-19062018-163056/.
Texto completoTécnicas compensatórias de drenagem (TC) vêm sido utilizadas para mitigar efeitos da urbanização no ciclo hidrológico. Entretanto faltam estudos sobre a performance destas TCs em clima subtropical e sob potenciais impactos de cenários de mudanças climáticas. Esta dissertação avaliou os impactos de dois cenários de mudanças climáticas (RCP 4.5 e 8.5) sobre o escoamento superficial urbano com poluentes e sua afetação na eficiência da TC localizada em clima subtropical, classificação Cfa segundo Köppen e Geiger. Primeiro se calibrou os parâmetros de quantidade e qualidade do escoamento superficial na entrada da biorretenção. O modelo buildup/washoff foi avaliado, comparando-se calibração da carga e concentração de poluentes: demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), carbono orgânico total (TOC), fosfato (PO4), nitrato (NO3), nitrito (NO2) amônia (NH3), ferro (Fe), cadmio (Cd) e zinco (Zn). Então se estudou a lavagem de poluentes na área de contribuição da biorretenção com histórico de precipitação entre 2013 e 2017 e analisando a influência dos parâmetros buildup/washoff de cada poluente na entrada de massa. Em seguida, cenários de mudanças climáticas Eta-5x5km (INPE) foram desagregados em intervalos de 5 minutos, pelo método de Bartlett-Lewis modificado. A série desagregada foi utilizada para se estimar os impactos das mudanças climáticas na drenagem urbana, a incidir na biorretenção. Então um modelo simples desenvolvido especificamente para a biorretenção em estudo foi usado para se estimar as eficiências quali-quantitativas de cada período dos cenários de mudanças climáticas. Os dados adquiridos do Inpe mostram que as mudanças climáticas resultarão em uma queda no volume de chuvas em São Carlos, resultando em menores volumes de escoamento superficial. Os impactos na lavagem de poluentes, entretanto, variam de acordo com os parâmetros buildup/washoff, explicados por uma análise de sensibilidade. As mudanças climáticas pouco afetam a eficiência quantitativa da biorretenção, 81.7% no período 1980-1999 para 81.4% e 81.3% no período 2080-2099 para cenários RCP 4.5 e 8.5. Já as eficiências de remoção de poluentes, assim como a lavagem destes, dependem das características buildup/washoff de lavagem. Uma das principais consequências observadas das mudanças climáticas é uma queda na qualidade do escoamento. Porém, mesmo com eficiência quantitativa sendo mantida, a biorretenção é capaz de amenizar essa o aumento na concentração de poluentes na drenagem urbana. Assim, a técnica ajudará a preservar a qualidade dos rios à jusante, que já terão seus volumes diminuídos pela queda no volume de chuva.
Béjar, Maceiras María. "Interactions between sediment transport, physical habitat and benthic communities in a mountainous river affected by natural and human disturbances". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664346.
Texto completoEsta tesis doctoral analiza las interacciones entre los procesos físicos (transporte de sedimentos, caudal y hábitat) y ecológicos (comunidades bentónicas, deriva de macroinvertebrados) afectados por perturbaciones naturales (crecidas y entrada de afluentes) y antrópicas (extracción de áridos e hidropuntas) en un rio de montaña (el alto Cinca, en el sur de los Pirineos). Dichos procesos y sus interacciones se han evaluado desde una escala instantánea hasta anual, y desde la escala de partícula a la escala de tramo. La identificación de las escalas de interacción así como el uso de nuevas técnicas de muestreo han demostrado ser relevantes para el estudio de la relación especie-hábitat y constituyen, por ello, un nuevo ejemplo de integración eco-geomorfológica que contribuye al conocimiento de los sistemas fluviales y apoya la gestión sostenible de los mismos.
This doctoral thesis presents new insights on the interactions between physical (sediment transport, flow and habitat) and ecological (benthic communities, macroinvertebrate drift) processes driven by natural (tributaries, floods) and human disturbances (gravel mining and hydropeaking) in a montane river (the upper Cinca, Southern Pyrenees). The work addresses processes and interactions spanning instantaneous to annual temporal scales, and from grain to river reach scale. Identification of the key scales of interaction and the integration of sampling techniques that provide continuous and high density measurements are shown to provide sound knowledge into species-habitat relations and, in turn, a firm evidence supporting the rational assessment and sustainable management of fluvial ecosystems.
NEPOTE, ETTORE. "Multiple stressors affect coastal marine ecosystems". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/295443.
Texto completoMultiple stressors affect coastal marine ecosystems, whose effects are often largely unknown. This represents a crucial point, since the knowledge about the impacts caused by human activities are essential to apply adequate monitoring plans and mitigation strategy. Consequently, in this thesis four different human pressures were selected and investigated, in order to increase the available information. The first impact source selected is represented by desalination plants, for which the impact on macrobenthic assemblage was investigated. The results suggest that they do not cause alterations superimposed to the natural spatial variability of the macrofauna assemblage. This has been related to the small sizes of the plants. Similar results were obtained for the second stressor investigated (i.e., beach nourishment and beach re-profiling), which did not alter the spatial-temporal trend of the macro-meiofauna assemblage. Again, the lack of a significant impact was associated to the small size of the interventions. The third case study investigated the long term (40 years) changes (in m2) of seagrass meadow extension in the North Adriatic Sea. The results indicated that the two declines recorded were mainly correlated with two different drivers: urbanization and positive thermal anomalies respectively, which affected not only the meadow extension but also the species composition. Finally, the last pressure analyzed is the fishing with hydraulic dredging, which is extremely intensive in the Adriatic Sea. Specifically, here the effects of the decrease of fishing effort (of about 50%) imposed by the SARS-CoV-2 sanitary emergency was studied. From the results, it is evident a significant increase of bivalves, making the entire macrofauna assemblage significantly different from that present before the 2020. Overall, from these case studies, it is clear as a crucial role is played by the “size” of the human pressure. In addition, it is clear that in different ecosystems, when there is a noticeably decrease of human pressures, an appreciable partial recovery is possible.
Biasotto, Larissa Donida. "Interações entre linhas de transmissão e a biodiversidade : uma revisão sistemâtica dos efeitos induzidos por esses empreendimentos". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/158243.
Texto completoThe biodiversity crisis has worsened in the last decades, as a result of human activities. Identifying the ecological effects caused by infrastructure developments, such as electric power transmission lines (TLs), is essential for planning these developments and for better informing the decision-making process. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an important instrument to ensure the minimization of impacts on biodiversity. However, one of the major shortcomings for mitigation of impacts is the lack of anticipation in the planning phase of these developments. One of the objectives of this study was to list and describe the potential environmental effects caused by TLs, their nature and the affected biotic components. From a systematic review approach, the synthesis of the studies reveal that line interactions with biodiversity have been investigated over a wide range of organisms, addressing twelve different effects on the environment. However, the absence of studies related to functional groups of lower mobility and other effects, such as habitat loss, is notable. In addition to listing and describing the effects of LTs, this work structured a conceptual model to help define the scope of EIAs. We believe that the early recognition of the spectrum of potential impacts, in addition to being important for understanding the causal chains through which the actions of each undertaking have effects, helps in the qualification of the licensing process, directing the studies to priority impacts. As the most effective way of avoiding impacts, we strongly recommend that spatial analysis and investigation should be developed and incorporated in planning the expansion of the power transmission network.
LIRA, Marianny Monteiro Pereira de. "Análise do uso e ocupação do solo no entorno do reservatório poço da cruz, Pernambuco – Brasil". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/16725.
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CAPEs
Os processos de uso e ocupação do solo interferem diretamente na quantidade e qualidade dos corpos hídricos. A presente pesquisa buscou analisar o uso e ocupação do solo no entorno do reservatório Poço da Cruz, localizado na região semiárida do nordeste brasileiro, município de Ibimirim – PE, tendo como objetivo subsidiar o adequado planejamento ambiental da área, considerando suas potencialidades, fragilidades e restrições de uso e a ocupação do seu entorno visando à proteção da água. O reservatório vem sofrendo forte pressão e degradação antrópica. A região semi–árida caracteriza-se, principalmente, pela escassez de água, decorrente da incidência de chuvas apenas em curtos períodos de três a cinco meses por ano, irregularmente distribuídas no tempo e no espaço. Essa característica causa uma forte dependência da intervenção do homem sobre a natureza, no sentido de garantir, por meio de obras de infra-estrutura hídrica, o armazenamento de água para abastecimento humano e demais usos produtivos. Foram utilizadas técnicas de sensoriamento remoto para a identificação do uso e ocupação atual do solo e a identificação da cobertura vegetal se deu através do Índice Normalizado de Diferença de Vegetação (NDVI), sendo identificadas 5 classes distintas de usos e ocupações na Área de Preservação Permanente (APP) do entorno do reservatório, sendo que 81,21% dessa área está em desacordo com a legislação vigente. Os valores do NDVI se apresentaram entre 0,2 e 0,3 constatando ausência de vegetação densa na APP. A diminuição do espelho d’água foi identificada através de imagens de satélites comparadas entre os anos de 2008, onde o reservatório atingiu sua cota máxima e o ano de 2015. A ausência de cobertura vegetal nas margens do reservatório facilita a capacidade de transporte de sedimentos pelo escoamento superficial e aumenta a atividade erosiva, contribuindo para o assoreamento do reservatório.
Use of processes and land use directly interferes with the quantity and quality of water bodies. This research aimed to analyze the use and occupation of land around the reservoir of the Poço da Cruz, located in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, the city of Ibimirim - PE, with the objective of supporting proper environmental planning of the area, considering its potential, weaknesses and restrictions of use and occupation of their surroundings in order to protect the water. The reservoir has been under strong pressure and anthropogenic degradation. The semi-arid region is characterized mainly by water scarcity, due to the rainfall only in short periods of three to five months a year, irregularly distributed in time and space. This characteristic causes a strong dependence on the intervention of man over nature, to ensure, by means of works of water infrastructure, water storage for human consumption and other productive uses. Remote sensing techniques were used to identify the use and current land use and identification of vegetation cover was through the Normalized Vegetation Difference Index (NDVI), identified five distinct classes of uses and occupations in Permanent Preservation Area (APP) surrounding the reservoir, with 81.21% of this area is at odds with current legislation. NDVI values were between 0.2 and 0.3 noting the absence of dense vegetation in APP. The decrease of the water surface was identified through satellite images compared between the years of 2008, when the reservoir reached its maximum quota and 2015. The lack of vegetation in the reservoir shores facilitates the sedimentcarrying capacity by runoff and increases the erosive activity, contributing to the silting of the reservoir.
CARVALHO, Nayara Ferreira. "Variação espacial e temporal da abundância de macrobentos com foco no ouriço-do-mar Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) em áreas recifais abertas e fechadas da APA Costa dos Corais". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18333.
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CAPES
O presente estudo teve como objetivo revisitar áreas recifais estudadas no ano 2000 em Tamandaré-PE para descrever as comunidades macrobentônicas, com foco no ouriço E. lucunter e comparar com os dados obtidos anteriormente, e, ainda usou como referência o recife de Santiago em Paripueira-AL. Através das técnicas de “Line Transect” e “Quadrat” foram amostradas nove áreas recifais do complexo recifal de Tamandaré e uma área recifal em Paripueira. Os resultados indicaram diferenças significativas na estrutura das comunidades macrobentônicas estudadas entre os recifes e entre os períodos. A densidade e cobertura bentônica viva de corais escleractíneos, hidrocorais, zoantídeos e grupos funcionais algais parecem ter sido influenciados pelo padrão de distribuição e abundância de ouriços, apresentando diferenças significativas em sua composição na presença ou ausência destes. Em 2000, a densidade de ouriços da área recifal fechada de Tamandaré era aproximadamente cinco vezes maior que a encontrada no presente estudo. O contrário ocorreu na área recifal de Santiago que aumentou sua densidade de ouriço após ser reaberta à exploração antrópica em 2004. A exclusão das atividades pesqueiras e turísticas na Ilha da Barra ao longo de 16 anos indica a recuperação da abundância de espécies potencialmente predadoras de ouriços, que não só reduziu a densidade de E. lucunter na área fechada, mas também esse efeito foi exportado para as áreas recifais adjacentes. Este estudo sugere que a redução da abundância de ouriços nos recifes adjacentes é o resultado do spillover de predadores e anti-spillover de recrutas de ouriços para os recifes mais próximos da área fechada, e conclui que grande parte das diferenças observadas na densidade populacional do E. lucunter ao longo de todo o Complexo Recifal de Tamandaré-PE é devido aos efeitos diretos e indiretos da exclusão antrópica.
The aim of this study was to revisit Tamandaré-PE reef areas studied in 2000 to describe macrobenthic communities focusing on the E. lucunter sea urchin and compare the present data to the data obtained previously, and also used as a reference the Santiago reef in Paripueira-AL. Nine reef areas of Tamandaré reef complex and one reef area of Paripueira were sampled through the techniques of Line Transect and Quadrat. The results indicated significant differences in macrobenthic community studied among the reefs and between periods. The density and coverage of scleractinians corals, hydrocorals, zoanthids and algal functional groups seems to have been influenced by the pattern of sea urchins distribution and abundance, once these groups showed significant differences in their composition in the presence or absence of E. lucunter. In 2000, the sea urchin density of the Tamandaré closed area was about 5 times greater than the density found in this study. The opposite occurred in the Santiago reef, where there was an increased sea urchin density after this reef have been reopened to anthropic exploitation in 2004. The exclusion of fishing and tourist activities in Ilha da Barra over 16 years has resulted in a recovery of the species abundance potentially predatory of sea urchins, which not only reduced the E. lucunter density in the closed area, once this effect was exported to the adjacent reef areas. This study suggests that sea urchins abundance reducing on adjacent reefs is the result of spillover from predators and anti-spillover from sea urchins recruits to nearby reefs of the closed area, and concludes that much of the observed differences in E. lucunter density throughout the reef complex of Tamandaré-PE is due to the direct and indirect effects of anthropogenic exclusion.
Moraes, Gustavo Inácio de. "Efeitos econômicos de cenários de mudança climática na agricultura brasileira: um exercício a partir de um modelo de equilíbrio geral computável". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-24052010-163008/.
Texto completoThe outlook of climate change is especially important for the farming sector, an economic activity where connection with natural cycles is strong. The objective of this thesis is to calculate economic impacts in scenarios of climatic change for Brazilian agriculture. Effect on appropriate areas of eight harvests (beans, maize, soy, cotton, rice, sugar cane, cassava and coffee) are evaluated through a model of computable general balance, the TERM-BR, and scenes available from EMBRAPA, based on the IPCC. Two scenarios are simulated with divergent perspectives, one for 2020 disrespecting social and economic changes (2020/A2) and another one for 2070 with social and economic adaptations, in the projections of the IPCC (2070/B2). For 2020/A2 the negative effect are concentrated in the regions Northeast, consequence of the several dry climate and production profile of the region, beyond the states of Mato Grosso and South´s Mato Grosso, outcome of impacts on the appropriate region for the soy. In antagonism, in this simulation, the Southeastern region is benefited; therefore the product sugar cane registers increases of income under soft climatic change scenario. The net result points with respect to a small reduction of the economic activity (GDP), rise of prices of foodstuffs and regional migration of the labor force, from Northeast and Center West for the other regions. For as the scenario, 2070/B2, the Northeast and the Center West are the affected regions also. However, the positive results for the economic activity in the Southeastern region are lesser, outcome of the smaller beneficial shock on the sugar cane in more severe scenarios of climate change. In this sense it has a national decline of the economic activity to the previous simulation. In labor market remain the trends of migration of the labor force from Northeast and Center West regions for the other regions. Nevertheless, this migration is intense, proportionally, in most qualified persons of the labor market. The climate change, in the lack of measures of intense adaptation and mitigation can represent a risk for historically underdeveloped regions or regions of recent development. In special, shows that the economic impacts in the Brazilian territory are heterogeneous between the great regions and the states that compose it.
Moore, Kelly Ann. "Geochemical Impacts From Permanganate Oxidation Based on Field Scale Assessments". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2011.
Texto completoNirmal, Deepika. "Environmental and Cost impact Analysis of Materials and Assemblies in Building Construction". FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/643.
Texto completoZANCHETA, MARCIO N. "As consequencias socio, economico e ambientais da troca do oleo combustivel por gas natural, na usina termoeletrica Piratininga". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11355.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP