Tesis sobre el tema "Impact"
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Dibo, Ana Paula Alves. "A inserção de impactos ambientais cumulativos em Estudos de Impacto Ambiental: o caso do setor sucroenergético paulista". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-09012014-152837/.
Texto completoSugarcane ethanol has distinguished itself worldwide as a potential alternative energy source to fossil fuels. However, its production is heavily based on monoculture, intensifying the adverse impacts on environmental resources. These impacts may combine to persist over time, allowing the accumulation of these on environmental resources, making necessary a more appropriate planning of bioethanol production, for a more systemic approach into this process. Amidst these factors, addressing cumulative impacts is an essential element for the ethanol sustainability, able to assess a more holistic manner the implications of monoculture, being required during the environmental licensing process industry. This practice can be conducted through the EIA, enabling these impacts can be identified and assessed for environmental feasibility of projects in the sector can be attested, mainly by establishing an EIS. Despite the demand, there is evidence that the practice of addressing these impacts have not been adequately performed. Given the above, the research aimed to analyze how the cumulative environmental impacts are being entered into the Environmental Impact Statements of São Paulo sugarcane industry in light of the elements recommended by the CIA. To this end, potential cumulative environmental impacts from sugarcane monoculture in the environmental components surface waters, groundwater, aquatic biota and terrestrial fauna and flora were characterized, beyond the definition of criteria for analysis in environmental studies. Thus, we found the current practice of considering these impacts in EIS of sugarcane industry. The methodology was based on a literature review, semi-structured interviews, document analysis and causal model. As a result, it was found that the cumulative environmental impacts have not been adequately considered in EIS, based on the criteria used in the analysis. Among the weaknesses found, there is a lack of identification and the analyze of other activities of the past, present and future, as well as setting time limits. Moreover, it was observed that some of the cumulative impacts identified by the survey are included in the studies as direct and indirect impacts. Whereas monocultures can be characterized as sources of environmental changes on large spatial and temporal perspective, and before their repetitive nature, there is a need to establish requirements, procedures and methods to be employed for the assessment of these impacts. In this context, the Terms of Reference could direct this review by defining the criteria to be included in the studies, enabling an understanding of the disturbances growing areas in environmental systems and setting limits to be observed, besides adding value to decision- making process on the environmental feasibility of the sugarcane industry developments in the state of São Paulo.
Sandoval, Maitê de Souza [UNESP]. "Proposta de padronização em avaliação de impactos ambientais". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92754.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A avaliação da significância dos impactos ambientais continua a ser um importante componente crítico ainda mal compreendido da prática da avaliação de impactos ambientais. Este trabalho é um estudo sobre as conclusões de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a avaliação e comunicação de avaliação do impacto ambiental praticada no Brasil. É dada especial atenção para a importância da utilização de critérios, padrões e métodos de avaliação de impactos ambientais que pretendendo incorporar mais eficiência nos estudos de impacto ambiental. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi a realização de uma proposta, incluindo o desenvolvimento de procedimentos e aplicar na avaliação de impactos ambientais situações relativas à sua formulação, aplicação e interpretação da significância dos critérios, conclusões e recomendações pertinentes para respeitar o objetivo da avaliação de impacto ambiental que é garantir a viabilidade ambiental das atividades humanas.
The evaluation of the significance of environmental impacts remains an important critical yet poorly understood component of environmental impact assessment practice. This work is a study upon the findings of a bibliographic review about the evaluation and communication of environmental impact assessment in Brazil practice. Particular attention is given to the use of significance criteria, thresholds and EIA methodologies intending to incorporate more efficiency of environmental impact statement. Thus, the aim of this research was the accomplishment of a proposal including the development of procedures to apply in EIA issues surrounding the formulation, application and interpretation of significance criteria, conclusions and recommendations relevant to respect the aim of EIA that in provide environmental viability of men activities.
Oliveira, Valéria Regina Salla de. "Impactos cumulativos na avaliação de impactos ambientais: fundamentação, metodologia, legislação, análise de experiências e formas de abordagem". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4243.
Texto completoCurrent subjects as the global heating, reduction in n the ozone layer and the loss of the biodiversity, among other, are resulted of centuries of human actions considered without importance by its low prompt significance and whose impacts had not been evaluated. Although the evaluation of environmental impacts - EIA the to have been instituted more than thirty years, its practical one more common it is in the project level and it is not common to evaluation of these impacts, called of cumulative impacts - IC. The need of the consideration of these impacts made a process that considered them to appear - the Cumulative Impact Assessment - CIA. CIA has been studied, practiced and argued at several countries, however in Brazil, its practice is not common. Although the legislation approaches the consideration of cumulative impacts, they don't know each other approaches and methodologies adapted for such analysis, nor as to consider IC in the process of environmental licensing. With base in this gap, this work had as aim to do a conceptual theoretical survey on cumulative impacts and its analysis process, identifying in the literature the conceptual framework, tools, methodologies, application forms and case studies. After the critical analysis of the data, it was traced a conceptual, theoretical and technical profile and presented as result proposed and recommendations for subsidy to a possible systematization of the procedures; aimed the application difficulties and adaptation needs so that the practice of AIC in Brazil is implanted, as well as in several countries.
Questões atuais como o aquecimento global, redução na camada de ozônio e a perda da biodiversidade, entre outros, são resultado de séculos de ações humanas consideradas sem importância por sua baixa significância pontual e cujos impactos não foram avaliados. Apesar da avaliação de impactos ambientais AIA ter sido instituída a mais de trinta anos, sua prática mais comum é no nível de projeto e não é comum a avaliação destes impactos, chamados de impactos cumulativos IC. A necessidade da consideração destes impactos fez surgir um processo que os considerasse a Avaliação de Impactos Cumulativos AIC (Cumulative Impact Assessment CIA). A AIC tem sido estudada, praticada e discutida em vários países, contudo no Brasil, sua prática não é comum. Embora a legislação aborde a consideração de impactos cumulativos, não se conhecem critérios e metodologias apropriadas para tal análise, nem como considerar os IC no processo de licenciamento ambiental. Com base nesta lacuna, este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento teórico conceitual sobre impactos cumulativos e seu processo de análise, identificando na literatura o embasamento conceitual, ferramentas, metodologias, formas de aplicação e estudos de caso. Após a análise crítica dos dados, foi traçado um perfil conceitual, teórico e técnico e apresentado como resultado propostas e recomendações para subsídio à uma possível sistematização dos procedimentos; apontadas as dificuldades de aplicação e necessidades de adequação para que a prática da AIC no Brasil seja implantada, assim como em diversos países.
Caseiro, Priscila Regina Amorim. "A sobrecarga do cuidador informal em Ponte de Lima". Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6914.
Texto completoNos tempos modernos assiste-se a um aumento da esperança média de vida, e com isso um aumento do número de idosos com dependência. Assim a necessidade de prestação de cuidados por parte de terceiros nomeadamente cuidadores é francamente maior. Com o avançar da idade surge o aumento da dependência no idoso e com isso todas as limitações que o envelhecimento acarreta. Assim surgem os cuidadores informais, que segundo Neri e Carvalho (2002) citado por Oliveira (2009) cit in Sousa, partilham da opinião que o cuidador informal é habitualmente um familiar ou alguém muito próximo do idoso. Oliveira (2009) cit in Sousa (2011), salienta que as necessidades da família de cuidar da pessoa idosa dependente pode causar situações de stress e problemas de saúde físicos e mentais. Ainda assim esta função pode gerar sentimentos de frustração, ansiedade, inquietação e uma preocupação constante na pessoa que cuida, sendo que esta pode levar á sobrecarga do cuidador informal. Face ao exposto surgiu o interesse por parte da investigadora de aprofundar os conhecimentos sobre esta temática e entender qual a intervenção da enfermagem. Assim, o objetivo geral delineado para o presente Projeto de Graduação foi: Avaliar a sobrecarga dos cuidadores informais de Ponte de Lima. A população escolhida foram cuidadores informais do concelho de Ponte de Lima e dentro dos mesmos selecionou-se uma amostra de 30 elementos com pelo menos 6 meses a exercer a atividade de cuidador informal e que pertencem ao concelho de Ponte de Lima. Como instrumento de recolha de dados recorreu-se ao Questionário de Avaliação da Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal da autoria da Professora Doutora Teresa Martins. A Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal em Ponte de Lima Em termos de tipo de estudo, optou-se por um estudo quantitativo, descritivo simples e transversal de acordo com a metodologia de Fortin (2009). Após análise e discussão dos dados conclui-se que dos 30 elementos que constituem a amostra, maioritariamente são do género feminino, possuem idades compreendidas entre os 21 e os 77 anos, tendo assim uma média de idades de 45 anos. Relativamente aos dados obtidos com a aplicação do QASCI conclui-se que os fatores com mais influência na caracterização da sobrecarga do cuidador informal foram o IVP, SE, SF e RE, tendo-se obtido um nível de sobrecarga moderada com um total de 35,30%. Isto vai de encontro ao exposto por Martins (2003) em que sugere como níveis de sobrecarga: o valor 0 indica ausência de sobrecarga, de 1 a 25 considera-se sobrecarga ligeira, 25 a 50 corresponde a uma sobrecarga moderada, de 50 a 75 indica sobrecarga grave e por fim um valor maior a 75 é indicador de sobrecarga extremamente grave.
In this modern times, it is attended an increase of the hope of life, and with that an increase of the number of seniors with dependence. Like this, the need of care giving on the part of third namely caretakers are frankly larger. With the elderness, the increase of the dependence it appears in the senior and with that all of the limitations that the aging carts. Like this the informal caretakers appear, that according to Neri e Carvalho (2002) mentioned by Oliveira (2009) cit in Sousa, share of the opinion that the informal caretaker is habitually a relative or somebody very close of the senior. Oliveira (2009) cit in Sousa (2011), points out that the needs of the family to take care of the dependent senior person can cause stress situations and physical and mental problems. Nevertheless this function can generate frustration feelings, anxiety, inquietude and a constant concern in the person that takes care, and this can take the informal caretaker's á overload. Face to the exposed the interest appeared on the part of the investigator of to deep the knowledge on this theme and to understand which the intervention of the nursing. Like this, the general objective delineated for the present Graduation Projert was: To evaluate the informal caretakers from Ponte Lima overload. The chosen population was informal caretakers of the county of Ponte Lima and inside of the same ones a sample of 30 elements was selected with at least 6 months to exercise informal caretaker's activity. As instrument of colleting data was the Questionnaire of Evaluation of the Overload of the Informal Caretaker of the Teacher's authorship Teresa Martins. In terms of study type, was a simple and traverse study quantitative, descriptive in agreement with the methodology of Fortin (2009). A Sobrecarga do Cuidador Informal em Ponte de Lima After analysis and discussion of the data the 30 elements that constitute the sample, most part are of the feminine gender, they possess ages understood between the 21 and the 77 years, tends like this an average of 45 year-old. In concern to the data obtained with the application of QASCI is ended that the factors with more influence in the characterization of the informal caretaker's overload were IVP, IF, SF and RE, having obtained a level of moderate overload with a total of 35,30%. This goes to same information into the exposed by Martins (2003) in that suggests as overload levels: the value 0 indicates overload absence, from 1 to 25 is considered quick overload, 25 to 50 correspond to a moderate overload, from 50 to 75 indicates serious overload and finally a larger value to 75 is indicative of extremely serious overload.
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Saccaco, Lujan Dina y Valle Enzo Alexander Castillo. "El Sistema de Detracciones y su impacto Tributario y Financiero en las Empresas del sector reparación e instalación de maquinaria y equipo, en el distrito de Miraflores, año 2018". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/651591.
Texto completoThe present thesis investigation is done with the objective of determine the tax and financial impact of the Detraction System of the in the companies of the Repair & Installation of machinery and equipment sector in Miraflores, year 2018. In the first chapter are mentioned the most important definitions to comprehend the functioning of Detractions. Also, we identify fundamental necessities to argue our hypothesis y prove that Detractions influence in the tax and financial aspects of the companies. Finally, it is mentioned the importance of this sector in the Peruvian economy, its necessary to specify that this sector, Repair & Installation of machinery and equipment, it’s a side activity, that belongs to the main sector, called Manufacturing Industry. In the second chapter are proposed the main and secondary problems, hypothesis and objectives. In the third chapter are mentioned the used methodologies. This are qualitative and quantitative. Represented by depth interviews and inquests, respectively. As population of the qualitative methodology, it has been made an interview to two experts in tax and accounting themes. In the quantitative methodology it has been made inquests to an established amount of companies located in Miraflores. In the fourth chapter, it’s demonstrated the application of both instruments, qualitative and quantitative. Also, we develop the practical case that proves how Detractions influence in the financial statements of companies. In the end, the results obtained in the interviews, inquests and practical case are analyzed. These results complement one another with the conclusions which validate the main and specific hypothesis of the present study.
Tesis
Soto, Masip Albert. "Development of efficient numerical models for the simulation of low velocity impact and compression after impact on composite structures". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664503.
Texto completoEls materials compòsits són actualment utilitzats en diferents sectors industrials que busquen la reducció de pes estructural amb la finalitat de reduir el consum de combustible. La rigidesa i resistència que ofereixen en relació amb el seu pes els ha convertit en una excel·lent opció per aplicacions aeronàutiques. No obstant això, les càrregues a impacte són una de les principals preocupacions en el disseny d’estructures aeronàutiques fabricades amb laminats de material compòsit. És especialment el cas d’impactes a baixa velocitat que deixen dany difícil de detectar durant inspeccions visuals però que poden reduir significativament la resistència de l’estructura. L’ús de models numèrics fiables pot ajudar a reduir l’actual nombre d’assaigs experimentals que són costosos tant en temps com econòmicament. Tanmateix, l’aplicació de models numèrics en estructures de material compòsit de gran dimensió es veu limitada pel cost computacional que representen. A més, els models numèrics requereixen moltes definicions que afecten la seva eficiència, precisió, objectivitat i robustesa. La present tesi té com a objectiu desenvolupar una metodologia clara i eficient per realitzar prediccions fidedignes d’impacte a baixa velocitat i compressió després d’impacte en estructures de material compòsit que pugui ser aplicada en casos de rellevància científica i industrial. En primer lloc, es descriu una metodologia per a la simulació d’impacte a baixa velocitat i compressió després d’impacte en laminats de compòsit la qual és validada experimentalment a escala de proveta de laboratori. Les definicions més importants es discuteixen i es té especial atenció en aquelles que afecta l’eficiència computacional. Per una òptima discretització del model és desitjable conèixer la longitud de zona cohesiva. Noves fórmules per predir la longitud de zona cohesiva en delaminació es proposen per modes purs de fractura. Es realitza un estudi numèric comparatiu de diferents tecnologies d’element finit i d’interacció cohesiva típicament utilitzades en la literatura amb la finalitat de comparar la seva precisió i eficiència computacional. A més, es proposen criteris per definir paràmetres numèrics del model cohesiu que afecten el temps computacional. Els models numèrics poden ajudar a entendre la seqüència de dany durant esdeveniments d’impacte, els quals poden ser complicats d’analitzar experimentalment. La metodologia proposada s’aplica per predir la resposta a impacte i compressió després d’impacte en laminats de capes primes. És un cas que representa un repte computacional per l’elevat nombre de capes i interfases involucrades. Els resultats numèrics contrastats experimentalment indiquen que els efectes de trencament de matriu es poden obviar mentre que la delaminació i especialment la forma de la llei cohesiva de la fibra són de gran importància en les prediccions de laminats de capes primes. Finalment, la metodologia s’aplica per la predicció de sub-components rigiditzats de material compòsit amb la finalitat de mostrar que la metodologia permet anàlisis a escales majors. Es demostra el potencial de la metodologia i tècniques utilitzades per adreçar problemes d’interès industrial com és la predicció de la resistència d’un panell rigiditzat abans i després de ser danyat per un eventual impacte
Silva, João Carlos da. "Avaliação de impactos cumulativos no planejamento ambiental de hidrelétricas na região amazônica: análise a partir dos instrumentos de avaliação de impacto aplicados na bacia do rio Teles Pires". Universidade Nove de Julho, 2017. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1628.
Texto completoMade available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T19:24:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Carlos da Silva.pdf: 1112454 bytes, checksum: 0634c035319e68793998b75fbee7d282 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-22
The importance of preserving the Amazonian biome given its ecological relevance to the planet does not prevent the concentration of energy projects in the Amazon region due to its unique hydro potential. The hydrographic basins of the Amazon River, which includes the Teles Pires River and the Tocantins River, account for about 80% of the new hydroelectric plants planned to meet the demands of electricity in Brazil according to planning documents. The debate about the significant socio-environmental impacts associated with the advance of the hydroelectric frontier for the Amazon region has been intense. In the country since 2003, the hydroelectric sector, besides having their projects evaluated by the Environmental Impact Studies (EIS), also began to be discussed in the context of watersheds through the Integrated Environmental Assessment (IEA). Given the socio-environmental vulnerability of the Amazon region to the construction and operation of hydroelectric plants, it is relevant to discuss the cumulative impacts resulting from multiple hydroelectric plants in the same basin. The objective of this research is to study the environmental studies carried out in the Teles Pires river basin and three hydroelectric projects in this basin, respectively, the Teles Pires river basin IEA and the Colider Hydroelectric plant EIS, the Teles Pires Hydroelectric plant and the Sinop Hydroelectric plant. Thus, it is established as a research question: How the cumulative impacts of hydroelectric projects inserted in a hydrographic basin in the Amazon region are being analyzed in the environmental planning instruments through the Integrated Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Study? The general objective of the research is to analyze the evaluation of cumulative impacts from the Teles Pires river basin scale in the Amazon region to the hydroelectric scale by environmental impact assessment instruments applied to the environmental planning of hydroelectric dams. The results of the research show that there is an association between the cumulative impacts presented in the Integrated Environmental Assessment for the Teles Pires river basin and the Environmental Impact Studies of the uses inserted in this basin. The results also point out that the good practices of Cumulative Impact Assessment are present mainly at the river basin level. It is considered that the cumulative impacts of hydroelectric projects inserted in a hydrographic basin in the Amazon region are being analyzed in the environmental planning instruments, mainly through the Integrated Environmental Assessment of the basin and, to a lesser extent, through the Environmental Impact Study of Hydroelectric use.
A importância da preservação do bioma Amazônico dado sua relevância ecológica para o planeta não impede a concentração de projetos de energia na Amazônia motivados pelo seu singular potencial hídrico. As bacias hidrográficas do rio Amazonas, que abrange a do rio Teles Pires, e do rio Tocantins concentram cerca de 80% das novas usinas hidrelétricas previstas para atender as demandas de energia elétrica no Brasil segundo documentos do planejamento. O debate sobre os significativos impactos socioambientais associados ao avanço da fronteira hidrelétrica para a região amazônica tem sido intenso. No país, desde 2003, o setor hidrelétrico além de ter seus empreendimentos avaliados pelos Estudos de Impactos Ambiental (EIA) também passaram a ser discutidos no contexto de bacias hidrográficas por meio da Avaliação Ambiental Integrada (AAI). Dada a vulnerabilidade socioambiental da região amazônica frente à construção e operação das usinas hidrelétricas, torna-se relevante discutir os impactos cumulativos resultantes de múltiplos aproveitamentos hidrelétricos em uma mesma bacia. O objeto da pesquisa refere-se aos estudos ambientais realizados na bacia do rio Teles Pires e em seis aproveitamentos hidrelétricos nesta bacia, respectivamente, a AAI da bacia do rio Teles Pires e os EIAs da UHE Colider, da UHE Teles Pires, da UHE Sinop, da UHE Foz do Apiacás, da UHE São Manoel e da UHE Magessi. Assim, estabelece-se como questão de pesquisa: Como os impactos cumulativos de aproveitamentos hidrelétricos inseridos em bacia hidrográfica na região amazônica estão sendo analisados nos instrumentos de planejamento ambiental por meio da Avaliação Ambiental Integrada e Estudo de Impacto Ambiental? O objetivo geral da pesquisa refere-se a analisar a avaliação de impactos cumulativos desde a escala de bacia do rio Teles Pires na região amazônica até a escala de hidrelétricas por meio dos instrumentos de avaliação de impacto ambiental aplicados ao planejamento ambiental de hidrelétricas. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram que há associação entre os impactos cumulativos apresentados na Avaliação Ambiental Integrada para a bacia hidrográfica do rio Teles Pires e os Estudos de Impacto Ambiental dos aproveitamentos inseridos nesta bacia. Os resultados apontam ainda que as boas práticas de Avaliação de Impactos Cumulativos estão presentes sobretudo no nível de bacia hidrográfica. Considera-se que os impactos cumulativos de aproveitamentos hidrelétricos inseridos em bacia hidrográfica na região amazônica vêm sendo analisados nos instrumentos de planejamento ambiental, principalmente, por meio da Avaliação Ambiental Integrada da bacia e, em menor proporção, por meio do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental do aproveitamento hidrelétrico.
Freire, Paulo Sérgio Machado. "Análise das medidas de redução dos impactos ambientais do sistema de transporte no espaço urbano". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2009. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5495.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Due to the intensity of its use, the motorized transport has become one of the biggest urban problems, because of the negative impacts caused on this environment. As the population grows, the need to move belongings and people also swells. Although to contribute decisively to the development of economic activities, the intense use of inadequate transportation has grown the social inequities, becoming a big challenge to urban managers committed to sustainability. In order to produce knowledge to support politics formulation to sustainable urban mobility, this work was based on an extensive literature search, in which it was possible to analyze the negative impacts arising from the urban transport and some measures to reduce those impacts currently adopted in developed countries. Based on this analysis, it was developed a field research, where the object of study was some selected measures, which considered potentially viable for developing countries to assess the degree of acceptance and awareness of drivers of the city of João Pessoa, capital of the state of Paraíba (Brazil). Among other findings, the survey revealed that in João Pessoa, the field is open for the adoption of measures to reduce impacts of urban transport.
Devido à intensidade de seu uso, o transporte motorizado vem se tornando um dos maiores problemas do meio urbano, pelos impactos negativos causados nesse ambiente. À medida que a população cresce, a necessidade de deslocamento de bens e pessoas também se avoluma e, apesar de contribuir de forma decisiva para o desenvolvimento das atividades econômicas, a intensa utilização de transporte inadequado tem feito crescer as iniqüidades sociais, passando a ser considerado um grande desafio aos gestores urbanos comprometidos com a sustentabilidade. Com o objetivo de produzir subsídios para formulação de políticas sustentáveis para a mobilidade urbana, este trabalho baseou-se em uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica, na qual foi possível analisar os impactos negativos oriundos do transporte urbano e algumas medidas de redução desses impactos adotadas atualmente em países desenvolvidos. Com base nessas análises, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de campo, tendo como objeto de estudo algumas medidas selecionadas, consideradas potencialmente viáveis para países em desenvolvimento, para aferir o grau de aceitação e a percepção dos motoristas da cidade de João Pessoa, capital do Estado da Paraíba (Brasil). Entre outras conclusões, a pesquisa revelou que em João Pessoa, o campo está aberto para a adoção de medidas de redução dos impactos do transporte urbano.
Balby, Cecilia Negrão. "Avaliação de impactos à saúde:desenvolvimento internacional e perspectivas no Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-26092012-145539/.
Texto completoIntroduction: Health Impact Assessment (HIA) is adopted as a strategy to address the potential health impacts associated with policies, plans, programs or projects in various countries, but not yet in Brazil. Objective: To identify the Brazilian conditions that can contribute to HIA advantages and constraints already described in the literature, considering its future adoption in Brazil, particularly in the case of projects. Method: Review of scientific literature and other documents on HIA, identified in Pub Med and Science Direct, as well as in HIA websites, in order to understand the context and compile HIA advantages and constraints already described in the literature. Review of Brazilian scientific literature and other Brazilian documents on impact assessment and health, identified through LILACS and SCIELO databases as well as other Brazilian web sites that address the subject. Additional qualitative research with Brazilian stakeholders. Results and discussion: HIA is still developing worldwide. Due to that, there are equally important advantages and limitations associated to its drivers, its object (policies, plans, programs or projects), when it is conducted (prospective or retrospective), HIA sponsors and assessors, HIA types, if HIA is institutionalized, if it is integrated with other forms of impact assessment (AIA, SEA), its approach to health, its scope and methods, the participation of affected parties and its influence to decision making. In Brazil, health impact assessments are frequently retrospective and do not adopt HIA tools and its steps. The Brazilian Ministry of Health is working to introduce HIA in the country. Conclusions and recommendations: There are opportunities to introduce HIA of projects in the country. However, it is urgent to engage Brazilian health and impact assessment professionals with national and international networks, in order to deepen and improve the discussion and to prepare them to face future questioning to HIA eventually raised by those that view the impact assessment process as an obstacle to efficiency in the context of project decision making. It is also necessary to develop minimum standards so that some issues already faced and solved elsewhere are not repeated in Brazil
Guzmán, Pérez Sheryl, Ruiz Rancés Aróm Mezarina y Gamboa Shirley Morales. "Evaluación del impacto financiero y tributario en la transición de la NIC 17 a la NIIF 16 en el sector minero". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621966.
Texto completoThis research paper entitled: "Evaluation of Financial Impact and Taxation in the transition from IAS 17 to IFRS 16 in the mining industry", aims to illustrate to companies in the industry, about the importance of the new accounting standard for leases in the financial statements. The study is divided into six main chapters. In the theoretical framework the main constructs of the study are presented, in which the key concepts that put the reader in the context of the investigation are defined. Then is exposed the research plan, in which is identified the problem, the hypothesis and objectives. Later, the mixed methodology is used to deepen the perception of companies in the sector and to measure their knowledge of the new standard. After, the results of the study are presented and by applying a case, are intended to illustrate the main changes in the new standard. Then the research results are analyzed and pretend to assess the impact on the transition to a new standard, on the results of the joint research and the literature. Finally, we conclude that the new standard will bring benefits to improve transparency and comparability of information, but it will have consequences in the contracts rent and contract mining operation involving the leasing of machinery and equipment, which may affect the conditions of debt covenants and the rating credit of mining companies.
Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional
Meneses, Fuertes Erick Fernando y Tovar Gianfranco Manuel Navarro. "El impacto financiero y tributario de los desmedros en la fase de almacenamiento y comercialización en empresas transnacionales del sector farmacéutico durante el año 2017 en Lima". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626332.
Texto completoThe present investigation was elaborated to determine the financial and tributary impacts of the demerits in the storage and marketing phase of the pharmaceutical sector during the year 2017 in Lima. To achieve this, the investigation will be based on IAS 2 "Inventories" (hereinafter IAS 2), issued in January 2005, whose application began as of January 1, 2006, the International Accounting Standard 12 "Income Tax" (hereinafter, IAS 12), issued in January 1998, whose initial application was effective January 1, 2003 and the Income Tax Law of Peru and its respective Regulations. The two accounting standards mentioned are related and some common elements whose various interpretations, valuation techniques and modifications made, will directly impact the decision making. To validate our hypotheses, we have carried out fieldwork to the main pharmaceutical companies in Lima, companies that we have surveyed. For this, we have contacted experts in the field of financial and tax treatment, whom we have interviewed and, finally, we have made one (1) practical case to evaluate the financial impact of our thesis topic. Based on the data analyzed, we conclude that there is a financial and tax impact within the companies, an impact that can be significant if there is no control over the losses.
Tesis
Kahatt, Karim y Cecilia Azerrad. "From the quantitative to the qualitative criterion in environmental impact assessment". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116559.
Texto completoEl ensayo analiza los criterios previstos en el régimen de evaluación de impacto ambiental peruano para determinar la obligatoriedad de la modificación de los estudios de impacto ambiental como consecuencia de la modificación de los proyectos. Identifica los vacíos existentes en la legislación transectorial y las deficiencias de los regímenes sectoriales, los que han privilegiado criterios de determinación fundamentalmente cuantitativos asociados a la magnitud del proyecto, sobre criterios cualitativos asociados al real impacto de la modificación.
Sandoval, Maitê de Souza. "Proposta de padronização em avaliação de impactos ambientais /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92754.
Texto completoBanca: Fábio Augusto Gomes de Vieira Reis
Banca: Flávio Henrique Mingante Schlittler
Resumo: A avaliação da significância dos impactos ambientais continua a ser um importante componente crítico ainda mal compreendido da prática da avaliação de impactos ambientais. Este trabalho é um estudo sobre as conclusões de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a avaliação e comunicação de avaliação do impacto ambiental praticada no Brasil. É dada especial atenção para a importância da utilização de critérios, padrões e métodos de avaliação de impactos ambientais que pretendendo incorporar mais eficiência nos estudos de impacto ambiental. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi a realização de uma proposta, incluindo o desenvolvimento de procedimentos e aplicar na avaliação de impactos ambientais situações relativas à sua formulação, aplicação e interpretação da significância dos critérios, conclusões e recomendações pertinentes para respeitar o objetivo da avaliação de impacto ambiental que é garantir a viabilidade ambiental das atividades humanas.
Abstract: The evaluation of the significance of environmental impacts remains an important critical yet poorly understood component of environmental impact assessment practice. This work is a study upon the findings of a bibliographic review about the evaluation and communication of environmental impact assessment in Brazil practice. Particular attention is given to the use of significance criteria, thresholds and EIA methodologies intending to incorporate more efficiency of environmental impact statement. Thus, the aim of this research was the accomplishment of a proposal including the development of procedures to apply in EIA issues surrounding the formulation, application and interpretation of significance criteria, conclusions and recommendations relevant to respect the aim of EIA that in provide environmental viability of men activities.
Mestre
Forster, Ottilie Carolina [UNESP]. "Impacto das arraias (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae) na população ribeirinha e demais frequentadores do alto curso do Rio Paraná e alguns afluentes". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99423.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A formação do reservatório de Itaipu propiciou a colonização para o curso superior do rio Paraná de mais de 15 espécies de peixes, incluindo as arraias do gênero Potamotrygon, as quais já se estabeleceram na área do alto rio Paraná, com ocorrências comprovadas nos reservatórios de Porto Primavera e Jupiá, nos rios Paranapanema, Sucuriú e baixo Tietê. A região de estudo apresenta atividades diretamente ligadas ao rio, como prática de esportes náuticos, pesca e formação de balneários. Assim, sua ocorrência pode configurar uma preocupação para a população local. Em entrevistas realizadas, percebe-se como esse animal está conseguindo se dispersar e estabelecer no ambiente. Esta dissertação teve como objetivos: conhecer os impactos que esses animais causam à região do alto curso do rio Paraná e alguns de seus afluentes, estimar o conhecimento da população ribeirinha e demais freqüentadores dos locais em relação às arraias, pesquisar sobre a utilização destes animais para fins comerciais e consumo da carne, relatar a ocorrência de acidentes e obter informações sobre estórias, mitos e dúvidas a respeito do animal em estudo. As comunidades tradicionais têm conhecimentos sobre as arraias, ao contrário dos demais frequentadores dos rios, sendo estas, consideradas animais perigosos por ambos. Entre as conclusões, verificouse a falta de medidas que protejam os balneários e praias da região contra acidentes. A carne de arraia não tem valor comercial algum, assim como as pessoas da região não têm o costume de consumir este tipo de alimento. As estórias locais geram mais temor, discriminação e repulsa ao animal. É necessário um trabalho de educação ambiental que faça com que as pessoas reflitam sobre a questão do aparecimento desses animais, pois isto ajudaria a diminuir o temor e preconceito que existe com as arraias de água doce
The formation of the Itaipu reservoir gave way to the colonization of the upper part of the Paraná river for more than 15 species of fish, including the freshwater stingray of the genus Potamotrygon, which had already established in the high area of the river Paraná, with occurrences proved in the reservoirs of Porto Primavera and Jupiá powerplants, in the Paranapanema, Sucuriú e low Tietê rivers. The region of study presents activities directly related to the river, such as the practice of nautical sports, fishing and formation of bathing places. So, its occurrence may be a concern for local people. In interviews, it was noticed how the animal is able to disperse and establish in the environment. This dissertation aimed to: know the impacts that these animals cause in the region of the upper course of the Paraná river and some of its tributaries, measure the knowledge of the riverside population and other regular visitors of the place about the freshwater stingray, research the use of these animals for trade and consume of meat, report the occurrence of accidents and information on the stories, myths and doubts about the animal studied. The traditional communities have knowledge about the freshwater stingray, otherwise the regular visitors of the rivers do not have it, but the animals are considered dangerous by both groups. Among the conclusions, there was the lack of measures to protect the region's bathing places and beaches from accidents. The meat of freshwater stingray is not a commercial, and the people of the region haven’t the habit of consuming such food. The local stories generate more fear, discrimination and rejection for the animal. It is necessary a work in environmental education capable to make people reflect on the question of the appearance of these animals, as this would help reduce the fear and prejudice that the freshwater stingray can cause
Verna, Coronado Vito. "Three topics to the evolution of the environmetal impact assessment". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116291.
Texto completoEl artículo identifica tres áreas para evaluar mejoras a la regulacióndel Sistema Nacional de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental, con miras a favorecer la aparición de confianza ciudadana respecto de la certificación ambiental. La primera tiene que ver con transitar gradualmente del paradigma preventivo al integrativo como finalidad de los instrumentos que componen el sistema; la segunda, con enriquecer la evaluación del estudio de impacto ambiental (EIA) incorporándole una etapa de scoping a cargo del Estado; y la tercera, con adoptar medidas adicionales que refuercen la independencia de los equipos de elaboración y evaluación del EIA.
Moscardi, Jean Prost [UNESP]. "Método da árvore temporal modificada aplicado à análise de impactos ambientais: um estudo de caso". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102952.
Texto completoO Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (RIMA), por muitas vezes sub-estimados em seu valor, apresenta-se apenas como um capítulo no Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) sem o devido reconhecimento e grau de relevância. O objetivo do presente estudo foi à proposição de um novo método de avaliação de impactos ambientais, no qual, a caracterização e formatação apresentaram-se direcionadas ao público leigo e distinto dos profissionais que realizam os trabalhos ambientais, porém, de grande relevância em processos licenciatórios. Este estudo teve inicio por via de uma pesquisa bibliográfica detalhada em métodos: de avaliação de impacto ambiental existentes; ensino a adultos e a adolescentes; e, bancos de dados à área de meio ambiente; e finalizou em um método dinâmico de estudo, no qual profissionais de pouco conhecimento no assunto encontram-se embasados, suportados por um programa computacional o qual apresenta seu banco de dados livre com grande e rápida comunicação, acessibilidade e transporte. Os resultados dos estudos de caso demonstraram a facilidade de implantação do método, entretanto, quanto aos questionamentos envolvendo especificamente o tempo de implantação bem como a troca dinâmica informações verificou-se a necessidade de novos levantamentos no assunto, a serem realizados em estudos futuros.
The Environmental Impact Report is often a poorly addressed chapter in the Study of Environmental Impact. In most cases, the chapter fails to transmit to the general public the relevance and importance of such report. The objective of this study is to propose a reform in the method of analyzing and reporting environmental impact, making it more comprehensive, clear, and relevant to the general public. The study was carried out with a detailed bibliographic research in the following areas: A) methods of evaluating environmental impact; B) Adolescent and Adult Pedagogy; C) Environmental Studies Database. Later on, a more interactive study was conducted. This study observed a group of professionals, who had limited knowledge in environmental studies, as they interacted in a closed environment equipped with computers connected to various natural sciences databases, containing a strong and reliable system. The study found the proposed method of Environmental Impact Report to be easy to implement. However, more research is needed in order to address specific questions, such as the time of implementation of the new method and the dynamics of the exchange of data.
Martins, Iara Comunello. "Measuring impact investments : a case study of an intermediary, GoParity". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20923.
Texto completoEsta dissertação tem o objetivo de compreender o que "impacto" significa quando se fala em investimentos de impacto, focando na sua medição e prática através da indústria. Uma breve revisão de literatura permite entender as principais características da indústria, identificar os atores envolvidos e as últimas iniciativas para a medição de impacto. O estudo de caso com a GoParity, uma start-up portuguesa que atua como intermediadora no mercado de investimentos de impacto, oferece uma perspectiva mais próxima do funcionamento da indústria, particularmente nos desafios que existem para avaliar, monitorar e gerir impacto. As conclusões sugerem que, apesar sde desafios acerca da medição do impacto, uma combinação de ferramentas, vontade organizacional e recursos podem fortalecer a qualidade e escala dos investimentos de impacto para solidificar mudanças sustentáveis na sociedade.
This dissertation aims to comprehend what "impact" means within impact investments, focusing on its measurement and its practice throughout the industry. A brief literature review allows us to understand the main features of the industry, the involved actors and to identify the latest initiatives for impact measurement. The case study of GoParity, a Portuguese start-up acting as an intermediary in the impact investment market, is expected to offer a closer insight into the working of the industry, particularly on the challenges it faces to assess, monitor, and manage impact. The conclusions suggest that despite challenges surrounding measurement, a better built combination of tools, organizational will and resources can strengthen the quality and scale of impact investments to solidify lasting changes in society.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Carniel, Beatriz de Faria. "Avaliação de impactos ambientais e sociais do uso da nanotecnologia na agricultura: uma proposta metodológica". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7025.
Texto completoUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Nanotechnology has been reported as a technology that will have further development in this century and agricultural nanotechnologies gain space with the discovery of its potential applications in the transport of substances, nanosensors, nanocapsules, among others. Many of these nanoproducts are already found in the market or in development, therefore, exposure to nanoparticles concerns the scientific community and policy makers. In this context, this project aims to develop a methodology for assessing the environmental and social impacts of nanotechnology use in agriculture. Given the complexity and scope of nanotechnology, impact indicators were formulated by reviewing specialized scientific literature. The indicators were conceptually validated in a remote consultation with experts of areas related to agricultural nanotechnology through a questionnaire formulated according to the Delphi technique. The Impactos AGNano method has the indicators as an essential basis for its development and has two stages of evaluation: Safety Assessment (preliminary assessment to obtain the Security Index) and Impact Assessment (for obtaining Impact Index). The method was validated in a presential consultation with experts of areas related to nanotechnology in agriculture.
A nanotecnologia tem sido reportada como a tecnologia que terá maior desenvolvimento neste século e as nanotecnologias agrícolas ganham espaço com a descoberta de suas potenciais aplicações no transporte de substâncias, nanossensores, nanocápsulas, entre outros. Muitos destes nanoprodutos já são encontrados no mercado ou em desenvolvimento, dessa forma, a exposição às nanopartículas utilizadas nessas tecnologias preocupa a comunidade científica e os legisladores. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a criação de uma metodologia para a avaliação dos impactos ambientais e sociais do uso de nanotecnologias na agricultura. Dada a complexidade e abrangência da área nanotecnológica, indicadores de impacto foram formulados através de revisão de literatura especializada. Os indicadores foram validados conceitualmente em uma consulta remota a especialistas de áreas relacionadas à nanotecnologia agrícola por meio de questionário formulado de acordo com a técnica Delphi. O método Impactos AGNano foi desenvolvido utilizando os indicadores como base e possui duas etapas de avaliação: Avaliação de Segurança (avaliação preliminar para obtenção do Índice de Segurança) e Avaliação de Impacto (para obtenção do Índice de Impacto). O método foi validado em consulta presencial a especialistas de áreas relacionadas a nanotecnologia agrícola.
au, asmith@murdoch edu y Amanda Jessica Smith. "Campsite impact monitoring in the temperate eucalypt forests of Western Australia: An integrated approach". Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040504.151201.
Texto completoJiménez, Barreto Angie Dayan y Capcha Elizabeth Rivera. "Mermas y Desmedros- Impacto financiero y tributario en las empresas del sector manufactura (actividades de impresión) en la Zona Este y Lima, 2017". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625947.
Texto completoThe present Work of Professional Sufficiency was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the financial and tributary impact of the mermas and demerits in the companies of the manufacturing sector based on the printing activities in the East Zone and Lima, 2017. The investigation is composed of five chapters. In the first chapter, we find the theoretical framework, in which the concepts of the variables are defined. In the second, the research plan is presented, in which the problem is identified, the hypothesis proposed and the objectives set. In the third chapter, the methodology to be used is described, which is a mixed approach consisting of qualitative and quantitative research methods. In the fourth chapter, the research instruments used and the practical cases are developed. In the case of instruments, they are for qualitative research, in-depth interviews and for quantitative research, the survey. Finally, in the fifth chapter, the results of the instruments and practical cases used are analyzed. In addition, there are the conclusions and recommendations on the study carried out. The main conclusion is that the result of qualitative and quantitative research affirms our hypothesis, which means that the losses and losses have a positive impact on the financial and tax situation in companies in the manufacturing sector (printing activities) in the East Zone and Lima, 2017.
Tesis
Machado, Rogerio Amaro. "Geração, mobilização e cristalização de um fundido rico em alcalis na estrutura de impacto de Araguainha". [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287222.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Fundidos de impacto ricos em clastos e brechas de impacto pseudotaquilíticas são encontrados nos embasamentos cristalinos de muitas estruturas de impacto ao redor do mundo. São formados sob condições extremas de temperatura e pressão, geradas na colisão de um meteorito e também registram importantes pistas sobre os processos associados aos impactos em hipervelocidade e evolução planetária. Este trabalho forneceu importantes pistas sobre a produção, extração e cristalização das rochas fundidas na estrutura de impacto de Araguainha, no Brasil central. Os fundidos de impacto localizados no soerguimento central da estrutura são caracterizados por uma matriz de composição granítica rica em álcalis, envolvendo minerais e fragmentos de rochas derivados estritamente do granito impactado. Apesar da natureza mista das rochas impactadas neste evento (rochas sedimentares e graníticas) os dados de rocha total para os elementos maiores e menores (incluindo elementos do grupo da platina) indicam que o fundido foi gerado localmente, sem contato com a sequência sedimentar ou o bólido impactante. Similar a brechas pseudotaquilíticas, as rochas fundidas em Araguainha formaram-se isoladas, provavelmente abaixo da zona de fusão por impacto. A análise multispectral dos mapas químicos obtidos por raios-X e de química mineral do embasamento granítico e dos fundidos de impacto e seus clastos indicaram que o fundido originou-se por fusão seletiva do plagioclásio, feldspato potássico e biotita. O plagioclásio e o feldspato potássico fundiram-se discretamente e de forma isolada, produzindo domínios no fundido que combinam estequiometricamente com estes minerais. O fundido derivado da biotita mostrou maior mobilidade e misturou-se mais facilmente com os outros fundidos. Nenhuma evidência de fusão por fricção foi encontrada. Os fundidos em sua fase inicial migraram por uma densa rede de micro fraturas antes de serem incorporados pelos principais bolsões de rocha fundida. Evidências encontradas nesse trabalho indicam que fundidos produzidos localmente, como as brechas pseudotaquilíticas, são produzidos por fusão seletiva de minerais dentro da rocha impactada. Associou-se, desta forma, a fusão dos minerais com as temperaturas de pós-choques, que podem ter aumentado para além do ponto de fusão de feldspatos e biotita.
Abstract: Clast-bearing impact melts and pseudotachylitic breccias are found in crystalline target rocks of many impact structures around the world. They are formed under the extreme pressure-temperature conditions that accompany the meteorite collision, and record important clues to the process associated with hypervelocity impacts and planetary evolution. Here we provide important insights into the generation, extraction and crystallization of clast-laden melt rocks from the Araguainha impact structure in central Brazil. The melt bodies in the central uplift are characterized by an alkalai-rich granitic matrix embedding mineral and rock fragments derived strictly from granite target rocks. Despite the mixed nature of the target rocks - sedimentary and granitic rocks -bulk-rock major and trace element (including platinum group elements) data indicate that the granitic melts were generated locally, without direct contact with the sedimentary sequence or the projectile. Similarly to pseudotachylitic breccias, the Araguainha melt rocks formed in isolation, probably below the zone of impact melting. Multispectral analysis of X-ray maps and mineral chemistry from clasts and granitic targets indicate that the melt originated by selective melting of plagioclase, K-feldspar and biotite. Plagioclase and K-feldspar melted discretely and in isolation, producing domains in the melt which closely match the stoichiometry of these minerals. The biotite derived melt component appears to have been more mobile and mixed more readily with the other melts. No textural evidence for friction melting has been found. The initial melt phases have migrated through a dense network of microfractures before being assembled into main melt bodies. Evidence provided here indicates that locally produced melt bodies such as pseudotachylitic breccias, are produced by selective melting of minerals within the target rocks. We relate the melting of the minerals to the post-shock temperatures that may have risen beyond the melting point of biotite and feldspars.
Mestrado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Mestre em Geociências
Santos, Ricardo Marinzeck. "Projeto e adaptação de máquina de ensaio de impacto para ossos longos de animais de pequeno e médio porte". Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-26102017-084456/.
Texto completoFractures of long bones are generally caused by dynamic impact loads (shock). Studying clearing the behaviour of bones submitted to controlled impact tests may contribute to deepen the general knowledge on the phenomena involving the event of fractures. The impact tests are usually carried out with a specially designed machine, provided with a pendulum hammer which strikes on specimens of the tested material. However, the commercially available impact testing machines are designed for isotropic materials, of definite shape and dimensions according to standards specific for each material, which are not adapted for biologic materials. The biologic materials are in general anisotropic by nature, what prevents the construction of test pieces with rigorously standardised shape and dimensions, as it happens with non-biological materials. Therefore, especially designed impact testing machine should be developed for this purpose. lts a main characteristic would be that the test pieces supports can be changed and moved, to adapt to their shapes and dimensions. The design, development and test of as impact testing machine specifically designed for bone, comparing it to another conmercially available machine, was the aim of this work machine developed enables the variation of the distance between the test piece supports, which allows to carry out tests according to the physical characteristics of any test piece.
Zanzini, Antonio Carlos da Silva. "Avaliação comparativa da abordagem do meio biótico em estudos de impacto ambiental no Estado de Minas Gerais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-03022017-122023/.
Texto completoThe present research work was carried out from consultations to the material of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) approved by the Fundação Estadual do Meio Ambiente de Minas Gerais (State Foundation of Environment of Minas Gerais) over the period encompassed between 1986 and 1999. The objective of the research work was to proceed an evaluation of the agreement of the studies about the biotic mean contained in the EIS consulted with the legislation which furnishes the basic guidelines for it execution and with the technical-scientific guidelines for the study of the mean in issue. In the development of the research work were evaluated the studies of the non-aquatic wild flora and fauna,contained in a sample representative of 111 ElAs belonging to 5 sectors and 25 sorts of activities. The studies about the flora were evaluated by means of the use of 7 legal variables subdivided into 36 items and 15 technical variables subdivided into 67 items. In the same way, the studies on fauna were evaluated through the use of 7 legal variables subdivided into 36 items and 15 technical variables subdivided into 67 items. In whole, each EIS selected for the research work was assessed by means of the analysis of 44 variables subdivided into 206 items. The results obtained revealed that the studies upon the biotic mean contained in the Environment Impact Statement do not meet satisfactorily the legal demands foreseen in the disciplining regulation of the subject, both at the state and federal leveI. Neither, they meet the basic technical-scientific recommendations commended for the accomplishment of studies on the mean in issue. As far as the agreement is concerned with the legislation, the early failures were found in the legal variables concerned with the environmental diagnostic of the influence area of the impacting enterprise; with the proposition of mitigation measures and with the proposition of monitoring programs of the impacts. As regards the meeting of the technical-scientific recommendations, were identified consistent failures in the technical variables related with the range of the length of the studies; the observation of seasonality, samplal effort and replication of the sampling over the execution of the studies; the content of the listings of species presented in the studies; the comparison with previous studies performed at the regional or state level; the accomplishment of analyses based on the species vulnerability; the undertaking of analyses based on the application of ecological indices; the use of multivariate analyses, distribution patterns and of species-abundance in the accomplishment of the studies and the number of experts present in the team performing the studies. Those results point out, that the studies on the biotic mean conducted in the EIS present doubtful quality in the aspects concerned as far as the legal and technical-scientific rigor are concerned, and imposes the need that such studies be reviewed with more criterion by the environmental organ and be presented protocols with greater technical-scientific fundamentals for their accomplishment.
Carneiro, Fernando MacÃdo. "AnÃlise do estudo de impacto ambiental e da qualidade da Ãgua - o caso AÃude Atalho - Brejo Santo,CearÃ". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2002. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1605.
Texto completoEste trabalho tem como objetivos : analisar o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental ( EIA ), elaborado pela Consultora SIRAC, e a qualidade da Ãgua do reservatÃrio Atalho situado no MunicÃpio de Brejo Santo, CearÃ, Brasil; e avaliar o EIA sob o ponto de vista das normas preconizadas na ResoluÃÃo 01/86 do CONAMA . O perÃodo de estudo foi compreendido de janeiro de 2001 a janeiro de 2002 abrangendo, distintos perÃodos climÃticos e de precipitaÃÃes, na Ãrea da bacia hidrÃulica do aÃude . O estudo se propÃs, ainda, a conhecer a viabilidade ambiental do projeto do aÃude Atalho, atravÃs da anÃlise dos principais impactos ambientais decorrentes da sua implantaÃÃo e operaÃÃo. A avaliaÃÃo de impacto empreendida, foi conduzida segundo o mÃtodo de avaliaÃÃo ponderal desenvolvido por BIANCHI et alli, o qual resultou da evoluÃÃo do mÃtodo matricial proposto por LEOPOLD. A anÃlise global do empreendimento, representada pela junÃÃo dos resultados obtidos para as Ãreas de influÃncia fÃsica e funcional, demonstrou que, em sua versÃo original, o projeto apresenta uma soma de benefÃcios ponderados inferior ao conjunto das adversidades e das indefiniÃÃes contidas, o que o caracteriza como indefinido ou mau concebido. A incorporaÃÃo das medidas de proteÃÃo ambiental, no entanto, conseguiria reverter esse quadro, conduzindo a caracterizaÃÃo do projeto para a Ãrea como favorÃvel ao meio natural. Para anÃlise da qualidade da Ãgua foram selecionados trÃs pontos distintos dentro do reservatÃrio especificados como pontos P1, P2 e P3 sendo os dois primeiros situados prÃximos ao centro do aÃude e o ponto P3 prÃximo das margens e do riacho dos Porcos. ApÃs o monitoramento realizado das variÃveis fÃsico-quÃmicas e biolÃgicas das Ãguas da represa esta pode ser classificada na classe 3 nos pontos P1 e P2, sendo propicia para o consumo humano apÃs tratamento convencional e para o ponto P3 nÃo existe uma adequabilidade dos dados obtidos à ResoluÃÃo 020/CONAMA, devido, principalmente, este ponto ser fortemente impactado pela ocorrÃncia de despejos de esgotos da cidade de Jati, Cearà . Quanto à balneabilidade as Ãguas da represa foram consideradas imprÃprias para este uso nos trÃs pontos monitorados, principalmente no ponto P3. Isto deveu-se, tambÃm, Ãs inÃmeras atividades antrÃpicas promovidas nas margens do reservatÃrio. Para avaliaÃÃo do estado trÃfica das Ãguas do aÃude foram utilizados os Ãndices de classificaÃÃo trÃfica o IET de Carlson modificado por Kratzer e Brezonik e a classificaÃÃo proposta pela OECD ( OrganizaÃÃo para CooperaÃÃo EconÃmica e Desenvolvimento ). ApÃs as anÃlises quÃmicas nos trÃs pontos monitorados P1, P2 e P3 constatou-se que as Ãguas do aÃude apresentavam um estado trÃfico do tipo mesotrÃfico nos pontos P1 e P2 e no ponto P3 do tipo eutrÃfico. Em suma o reservatÃrio Atalho apÃs o tÃrmino da sua construÃÃo em 1.988 e atà a presente data, ainda nÃo tem promovido a implementaÃÃo de benefÃcios socioeconÃmicos à regiÃo onde se situa. O uso dos recursos hÃdricos bem como, a geraÃÃo de energia no reservatÃrio està em funÃÃo, da transposiÃÃo das Ãguas do rio SÃo Francisco, preconizada na versÃo original do projeto. Essa dependÃncia limita , atà a presente data, uma geraÃÃo de renda atravÃs dos seus usos mÃltiplos. .
This work has as objective to analyze the Environmental Impact Study (EIS), carried through by SIRAC Consultant, and the water quality of Atalho reservoir situated in Brejo Santo borough, CearÃ, Brazil; to evaluate the EIS under the point of view of the released norms in Resolution 01/86 of CONAMA. The period of study was understood from January 2001 to January 2002 enclosing thus, different climatic periods and precipitations, in the hydraulic area basin of the dam. The study still proposed, to be acquainted with the environmental feasibility of the Atalho public dam project through the analysis of the main environmental impacts resulting from its implementation and operation. The undertaken environmental impact assessment was led according to the pondering assessment method developed by BIANCHI et alli, which resulted from the matrix method evolution, offered by LEOPOLD. The global undertaking analysis represented by gathering obtained results for functional and physical influenced areas, proved that in its original version, the project offers a sum of pondered benefits under to the contained adversities and indefinition groups, what characterizes it as indefinite or badly planned. The incorporation of environmental protection measures, however, would are able to revert this fact leading the project characterization to the area as favorable for the natural environment. For the analyzes of the water quality had been selected three distinct points inside the reservoir specified as P1, P2 and P3, being the two first situated next to the center of the dam and the P3 point next to the edges and the stream of the Pigs, main tributary of the dam. After the monitoring accomplished of the physical-chemical and biological variable of the waters in the dam, it can be classified as class 3 at the points P1 and P2, as suitable for the human use after conventional treatment and for the P3 point there is no suitability of found data to the Resolution 020/CONAMA , mainly for being strongly impacted due to the drainage sewage of Jati town, CearÃ. As to bathing the water of the dam was considered unsuitable for this use at the 3 monitored points mostly at point P3 . This was also due to the many antropic activities held at the reservoir banks. For evaluation of the Index of trophic classification were used CarlsonÂs IET modified for Kratzer and Brezonik and the proposed classification by OECD ( Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development ) . After the chemical analyses in the three monitored points P1, P2 and P3 it was evidenced that the waters of the dam presented a trophic state of mesotrophic type at P1 and P2 points and eutrophic at point P3. In short the reservoir Atalho after the ending of its construction in 1.988 and until the present date, it has not promoted the implementation of socioeconomics benefits to the region yet where it takes place. The water resources from the reservoir, as well as, the generation of energy in the reservoir is in function, mainly the waters transposition of San Francisco river contained in the original version of the project. Up to now, this dependence limits income generation through its multiple uses.
Bosc, Romain. "Impact des tissus mous sur les méthodes acoustiques d’évaluation de la stabilité des implants osseux". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0009.
Texto completoAbstract:This work studies the biomechanical behavior of a cadaveric model and an in vitro model of total hip arthroplasty. We sought to highlight and study parameters that could allow us to have a method of objective analysis of the stability of the acetabular cup implant.The first part describes the context of the study. We have emphasized the different methods of analysis that make it possible to analyse the stability of a bone implant. Indeed, despite the daily use of implants, the failure rate of osseointegration remains high and failures still happen due to inadequate mechanical behavior of the prosthesis.Among the identified causes of failure, aseptic loosening of the acetabular cup after hip arthroplasty may be related to a primary defect in stability, not achieved during the surgical procedure. It has been shown that loosening of the acetabular cup may result from poor primary stability between the prosthetic cup and the surrounding bone.A method of estimating primary stability could allow the orthopaedic surgeon to better control the stability of the implants he poses in the operating room.The main purpose of this thesis work was to study the impact signals on the prosthetic acetabulum.Firstly, we carried out a study of the insertion of the cup by impacts on a cadaveric model. A correlation was found between impact time and stability (R2 = 0.69). This experimental study has thus shown the potential of the impact signal processing method in predicting the primary stability of the acetabular cup. But we observed changes between the signals obtained on the different subjects. We hypothesized that these changes were related to soft tissue variation between subjects.The third part of this thesis focused on analysing the biomechanical behavior of our model in the presence of soft tissues.We used again the in vitro model that we had developed and added in the impaction system turkey slices of varying thickness.The purpose of this second study was to integrate the parameter related to the existence of a variable thickness of soft tissues in the dynamic interaction between the hammer, the ancillary (and the cup) and the bone tissue during the insertion. The mean and standard deviation of the Im indicator obtained for all samples and configurations at a soft tissue thickness value of 10 mm (30 mm) was 0.592 ± 0.141, (respectively 0.552 ± 0.139). Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant effect of the value of soft tissue thickness on the values of the Im indicator (F = 3.16, p = 0.08). Despite the obvious limitations of an in vitro study on a partial model of total hip arthroplasty, these results, as well as the previous results obtained on anatomical subjects, show the feasibility of developing a medical device dedicated to estimating the stability of the acetabular implant and which could be used as a decision support system by the orthopaedic surgeons
Forster, Ottilie Carolina. "Impacto das arraias (Myliobatiformes: Potamotrygonidae) na população ribeirinha e demais frequentadores do alto curso do Rio Paraná e alguns afluentes /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99423.
Texto completoAbstract: The formation of the Itaipu reservoir gave way to the colonization of the upper part of the Paraná river for more than 15 species of fish, including the freshwater stingray of the genus Potamotrygon, which had already established in the high area of the river Paraná, with occurrences proved in the reservoirs of Porto Primavera and Jupiá powerplants, in the Paranapanema, Sucuriú e low Tietê rivers. The region of study presents activities directly related to the river, such as the practice of nautical sports, fishing and formation of bathing places. So, its occurrence may be a concern for local people. In interviews, it was noticed how the animal is able to disperse and establish in the environment. This dissertation aimed to: know the impacts that these animals cause in the region of the upper course of the Paraná river and some of its tributaries, measure the knowledge of the riverside population and other regular visitors of the place about the freshwater stingray, research the use of these animals for trade and consume of meat, report the occurrence of accidents and information on the stories, myths and doubts about the animal studied. The traditional communities have knowledge about the freshwater stingray, otherwise the regular visitors of the rivers do not have it, but the animals are considered dangerous by both groups. Among the conclusions, there was the lack of measures to protect the region's bathing places and beaches from accidents. The meat of freshwater stingray is not a commercial, and the people of the region haven't the habit of consuming such food. The local stories generate more fear, discrimination and rejection for the animal. It is necessary a work in environmental education capable to make people reflect on the question of the appearance of these animals, as this would help reduce the fear and prejudice that the freshwater stingray can cause
Orientador: Vidal Haddad Junior
Coorientador: Maria José Alencar Vilela
Banca: Virgínia Sanches Uieda
Banca: Maria Elisa Rebustini
Mestre
Daniels, Melissa Lynn. "Minimizing Visitor Impacts to Protected Lands: An Examination of Site Management and Visitor Education Methods". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42509.
Texto completoMaster of Science
Moscardi, Jean Prost. "Método da árvore temporal modificada aplicado à análise de impactos ambientais : um estudo de caso /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102952.
Texto completoBanca: José Alberto Quintanilha
Banca: José Cândido Stevaux
Banca: José Eduardo Zaine
Banca: Sérgio dos anjos Ferreira Pinto
Acompanha CD-ROM com o programa MAIA - Método da árvore de impactos ambientais
Resumo: O Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (RIMA), por muitas vezes sub-estimados em seu valor, apresenta-se apenas como um capítulo no Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) sem o devido reconhecimento e grau de relevância. O objetivo do presente estudo foi à proposição de um novo método de avaliação de impactos ambientais, no qual, a caracterização e formatação apresentaram-se direcionadas ao público leigo e distinto dos profissionais que realizam os trabalhos ambientais, porém, de grande relevância em processos licenciatórios. Este estudo teve inicio por via de uma pesquisa bibliográfica detalhada em métodos: de avaliação de impacto ambiental existentes; ensino a adultos e a adolescentes; e, bancos de dados à área de meio ambiente; e finalizou em um método dinâmico de estudo, no qual profissionais de pouco conhecimento no assunto encontram-se embasados, suportados por um programa computacional o qual apresenta seu banco de dados livre com grande e rápida comunicação, acessibilidade e transporte. Os resultados dos estudos de caso demonstraram a facilidade de implantação do método, entretanto, quanto aos questionamentos envolvendo especificamente o tempo de implantação bem como a troca dinâmica informações verificou-se a necessidade de novos levantamentos no assunto, a serem realizados em estudos futuros.
Abstract: The Environmental Impact Report is often a poorly addressed chapter in the Study of Environmental Impact. In most cases, the chapter fails to transmit to the general public the relevance and importance of such report. The objective of this study is to propose a reform in the method of analyzing and reporting environmental impact, making it more comprehensive, clear, and relevant to the general public. The study was carried out with a detailed bibliographic research in the following areas: A) methods of evaluating environmental impact; B) Adolescent and Adult Pedagogy; C) Environmental Studies Database. Later on, a more interactive study was conducted. This study observed a group of professionals, who had limited knowledge in environmental studies, as they interacted in a closed environment equipped with computers connected to various natural sciences databases, containing a strong and reliable system. The study found the proposed method of Environmental Impact Report to be easy to implement. However, more research is needed in order to address specific questions, such as the time of implementation of the new method and the dynamics of the exchange of data.
Doutor
Moreno, Ibáñez Manuel. "Impact hazard associated with large meteoroids from disrupted asteroids and comets". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666005.
Texto completoLarge meteoroid fragments disrupted from asteroids and comets may encounter the Earth along their orbits, posing extremely hazardous scenarios. Contemporary events like Chelyabinsk (2013), Carancas (2007) or Tunguska (1908) demonstrated that meteoroids in the diameter range of 1 to 100 m can devastate large areas and injure local population through the associated energetic blast, or even produce casualties due to localized crater excavation. Despite the relatively low frequency of these events, they have become a major concern within space agencies and other planetary defense initiatives which are currently developing impact mitigation tactics. This is in line with the growing popularity of this subject in the scientific community. The number of yet unresolved questions underlying the pre- and impact physics motivates the work carried out in this thesis. The study of meteoroids that encounter the terrestrial atmosphere provides valuable clues about their progenitors, their delivery mechanisms to Earth, and their ability to threaten our planet. This thesis starts by exploring the complexity of meteoroid dynamics through two exceptional phenomena. On the one hand, a limited number of meteoroid dust trails detached from the comet 8P/Tuttle 620 years ago impact the Earth when the parent comet is in its aphelion, thus increasing the activity of the annual Ursid meteor shower. Aphelion-related increases in a meteor shower activity are uncommon and hence the Ursids offer a new perspective of orbital mechanics. On the other hand, meteorite falls, like Annama, can be orbitally linked to celestial bodies if their atmospheric trajectories are accurately recorded. Exploring these parental relationships offer the opportunity to overcome the uncertainties emerged from the short-term orbital evolution of near-Earth objects and ultimately predict future impacts. The second part of this thesis focuses on the characterization of the atmospheric flight of a meteoroid. While up to-date re-entry models that account for the meteoroid ablation and fragmentation are common, no observational or modelling studies have resolved the intricacies associated with the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region for meteoroids travelling at hypersonic velocities and in rarefied gas flow conditions. This thesis presents the first observational validation of the flight flow regimes of centimeter-sized meteoroids and provides a new insight into the consequences for the meteoroid flight physics due to the generation of a shock wave. Meteoroid shock waves are also intimately related to the meteoroid energy deposition at different heights, which can alternatively be stated from the analysis of the terminal height of the meteoroid’s trajectory. A new approach capable to precict the terminal heights is outlined in this thesis. The results show that, besides the great accuracy achieved, the calculated terminal heights are a valuable input to the derivation of atmospheric flight parameters. Furthermore, the approach taken provides a new way of classifying impacting meteoroids that improve previous classification scales. Finally, a discussion of the implications of the previous analysis to impacting bodies of different sizes is carried out. Since Earth impacts by meter-sized or smaller bodies are more frequent, the study of sub-metric meteoroids provides a wide catalogue of events that can be crucial to understand the meteor physics. Being able to extrapolate the behaviour of these bodies to asteroid sizes can provide new clues on the underlying physics and make predictions concerning the degree of hazard associated with energetic events. The results of this work also provide feedback and an alternative approach to current and foreseen numerical simulations that were seen in the past as the only way to deal with these challenging encounters.
Bhatia, Sarika. "Documentation of Biodiversity Impacts (Including Cumulative Biodiversity Impacts) in Environmental Impact Statements". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278173/.
Texto completoBarreiros, Mario Antonio Ferreira. "O Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança (EIV): método de avaliação de impactos por meio de matrizes matemáticas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-27092017-102817/.
Texto completoThe Brazilian Neighborhood Impact Study (EIV) is one of urban policy instruments contained in the Statute of the City - Federal Law 10.257 / 2001. The EIV became mandatory for issuing licenses or permits for construction, expansion or operation of projects and activities. This instrument is focused on the evaluation of relations and inter-relations between the enterprise and its environment and seeks to identify and evaluate the impacts that will be generated for it. Because it is a little known instrument, its development still requires further clarification, both by technicians who have legal authority to carry it out, as by municipal technicians with assignment to analyze them. This work deals with the development of new methods for the preparation and evaluation of Neighborhood Impact Studies (EIV), derived from Leopold Matrix (1971). The method developed in this study was prepared through the use of evaluation matrices, empirically developed since 2002 and honed by Leopold Matrix (op. Cit.), The theory of Systemic Approach, as defined by Churchman (1971) and, in addition, the AHP, Analytic Hierarchy Process, created by Saaty (1991). The method of using these matrices for the elaboration of Neighborhood Impact Studies was applied in recent studies, allowing an evaluation of the usefulness of the methodology developed. The matrices allowed more complete and in-depth evaluations. The use of mathematical criteria allowed objective evaluations, minimizing the subjectivities of the judgments. The objective of this work is to obtain results that can be verified and obtained, within an essentially scientific point of view.
Machado, Maria Elisabeth Gerardo. "Social return on investment (SROI) : uma metodologia para a medição do impacto social dos projectos e justificação dos Investimentos". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8330.
Texto completoAs Organizações do Terceiro setor têm assumido um papel cada vez mais relevante na sociedade devido a um diversificado conjunto de atividades. O seu crescimento e o grande número de projetos que desenvolvem explicam a constante necessidade de recursos financeiros para o cumprimento da sua missão que, na maioria, são obtidos junto de terceiros. A gestão por projetos é um dos métodos de trabalho adotados no Terceiro Setor. Os projetos sociais são um dos meios utilizados pelas suas organizações para a concretização da sua missão, ou seja, integram as medidas utilizadas no exercício da intervenção social profissional. O desenvolvimento de um projeto visa a introdução de mudanças, promovendo o desenvolvimento social e económico para gerar benefícios (ou impacto social). São escassos os indicadores que permitam a mensuração do retorno social para cada recurso obtido e gerido pelas Organizações do Terceiro Setor. Neste contexto, tem vindo a ser divulgada a metodologia Social Return on Investment (SROI).O rácio SROI traduz, em termos monetários, o impacto social gerado pelo desenvolvimento de um projeto. Para responder às questões de investigação levantadas neste trabalho adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa-explanatória com o estudo de múltiplos casos, como técnica fundamental. No respeitante ao horizonte temporal, a pesquisa foi cross-sectional. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que a metodologia SROI é complementar à Gestão de Projetos, é uma ferramenta adequada e robusta para medir o retorno dos investimentos sociais e fornece informação importante para a justificação dos investimentos.
Third Sector organizations have been assuming an increasingly relevant role in society due to a diverse set of activities. Their growth and the large number of projects they develop, explain the constant need of resources to fulfill its mission, most being obtained from third parties. Management by projects is one of the work methods adopted in the Third Sector. Social projects are one of the means used by their organizations for the accomplishment of its mission, ie, integrate the measures used in the exercise of professional social intervention. The development of a project aims at introducing changes, promoting social and economic development to generate benefits (or social impact). There are few indicators for the measurement of social return for each resource obtained and managed by Third Sector Organizations. In this context, the Social Return on Investment methodology (SROI) is being divulged. The SROI ratio translates, in monetary terms, the social impact generated by the development of a project. To answer the research questions raised in this study a qualitative-explanatory approach was adopted to the study of multiple cases, as a fundamental technique. As regards the time horizon, the research was cross-sectional. The results found suggest that the SROI methodology is complementary to Project Management, is a suitable and robust tool to measure the return on social investment and provides important information for justification of investments.
Jiménez, Breas María Isabel y Huayta Lizbeth Abigail Montoya. "El sistema de detracciones y su impacto tributario y financiero en las empresas madereras de Lima – zona sur, año 2017". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626598.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis research is to determine the System of Detractions and its Tax and Financial Impact in the Timber Companies of Lima - south zone, 2017, for which the variables of the detraction system, the tax impact and the financial impact were analyzed, by means of dimensions such as: objective, application, penalties, deposit, financial statements, liquidity and profitability. The research work is divided into five chapters. The first chapter presents the theoretical framework and takes on different concepts and sources of information to carry out the research. The second chapter supports the research plan, here the problem is stated and the objective is defined. The third chapter describes the research methodology and the sample is obtained for the investigation. The fourth Chapter develops the Investigation through in-depth interviews, questionnaires and the development of a practical case. Chapter Five shows the analysis of the results, results of the interviews, surveys and the case study. The conclusion includes the general hypothesis that the System of Detractions does have an influence on the tax and financial impact of the timber companies, and the specific hypotheses that the System of Detractions does not have an influence on the tax impact and it does influence the financial impact, according to the calculations made using the Chi square methodology. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations are stated according to the results obtained from the analysis of the hypotheses and objectives formulated.
Tesis
Gomes, LaÃcia Gretha Amorim. "AnÃlise da Efetividade do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental - EIA/RIMA na Carcinicultura: o Caso do MunicÃpio de Aracati - CE". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9286.
Texto completoEsta dissertaÃÃo se propÃe analisar a Efetividade dos Estudos de Impacto Ambiental - EIA na Carcinicultura dentro da perspectiva do estudo de caso de um EIA elaborado para a expansÃo de um projeto carcinÃcola localizado as margens do rio Jaguaribe no MunicÃpio de Aracati. De acordo com Bolea (1984) apud La Rovere (2001, p.11), a AIA pode ser definida como: âestudos realizados para identificar, prever e interpretar assim como prevenir, as conseqÃÃncias ou efeitos ambientais que determinadas aÃÃes, planos, programas ou projetos podem causar à saÃde, ao bem estar humano e ao entornoâ. Ainda segundo o autor, esses estudos englobam alternativas a projetos passÃveis de licenciamento e ainda induzem o engajamento e a participaÃÃo da sociedade, representando nÃo um instrumento de decisÃo em si, mas um instrumento de conhecimento a serviÃo da populaÃÃo em geral. Dessa maneira, esta dissertaÃÃo discute, de modo qualitativo, a efetividade desse estudo como expediente sÃrio de ajuda na tomada de decisÃo e na gestÃo e monitoramento ambiental, assim como verificar se o mesmo, nos dias atuais, nÃo està sendo utilizado apenas como um mero entrave burocrÃtico para o licenciamento de empreendimentos. Para que os objetivos fossem atingidos, foram estabelecidos, em metodologia prÃpria, alguns critÃrios de anÃlise, que sÃo: anÃlise das alternativas locacionais, Ãrea de influÃncia direta e indireta, coerÃncia e relevÃncia do diagnÃstico ambiental, avaliaÃÃo dos impactos ambientais, efetividade das medidas mitigadoras, monitoramento ambiental e participaÃÃo das comunidades envolvidas. AlÃm dessas caracterÃsticas, tambÃm foi analisado o RelatÃrio de Impacto Ambiental â RIMA como parte integrante do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental, aspectos que foram discutidos e analisados, tÃpico por tÃpico, sempre os comparando com a legislaÃÃo competente, em especial, a ResoluÃÃo CONAMA 001/86 e outras ResoluÃÃes especÃficas, tais como: CONAMA312/02, CONAMA 237/92, CONAMA 09/87. AlÃm disso, esses conceitos tambÃm foram discutidos à luz de autores que jà abordam esse tema na perspectiva de sua efetividade. Para isso, as ferramentas teÃricas que nortearam esta pesquisa foram constituÃdas por SÃnchez (2006), Agra Filho (1993), IBAMA (1995), que esclareceram os conceitos iniciais sobre AvaliaÃÃo de Impacto Ambiental, e IBAMA (2005), no DiagnÃstico da Carcinicultura Cearense, que apresenta os dados referentes à carcinicultura no MunicÃpio de Aracati e os aspectos teÃricos inerentes a esse tema. Os resultados esperados nÃo se mostraram muito diferentes do que inicialmente se havia pensando, e, dos aspectos analisados, poucos foram os que apresentaram informaÃÃes sÃrias e comprometidas com a real funÃÃo deste estudo. Dessa maneira, pode-se afirmar, depois da anÃlise de todos os tÃpicos inicialmente propostos, que o EIA referente ao projeto de carcinicultura examinado nÃo se mostrou ativamente efetivo por nÃo se apresentar como instrumento consistente de consulta pÃblica, ajuda na tomada de decisÃo, na gestÃo e no monitoramento ambiental.
This dissertation proposes to examine the effectiveness of the Environmental Impact Assessment - EIA in the creation of captive shrimp from the perspective of the case study of an EIA prepared for the expansion of a shrimp project located on the Jaguaribe river in the city of Aracati. According to Bolea (1984) apud La Rovere (2001, p.11), the AIA can be defined as "studies to identify, predict and interpret, and prevent the consequences or environmental effects that certain actions, plans, programs or projects may cause to our health, to the human welfare and the environment." According to the author, these studies include alternatives to projects subject to licensing and further induce the engagement and participation of the society, representing not a tool of decision in itself but an instrument of knowledge at the service of the general population. Thus, this essay discusses, so qualitatively, the effectiveness of this study as a serious aid tool in decision making and management and environmental monitoring, and verify if it, nowadays, is not being used only as a mere bureaucratic obstacle for the licensing of projects. In order to achieve the objectives, were established in the methodology, some criteria for analysis, which are: analysis of alternative locations, area of direct and indirect influence, coherence and relevance of environmental diagnosis, assessment of environmental impacts, effectiveness of mitigating measures, environmental monitoring and participation of the communities involved. Besides these features, the Environmental Impact Report - RIMA was also considered as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment, which were discussed and analyzed, topic by topic, always comparing them with the due legislation, in particular, the CONAMA Resolution 001 / 86 and other specific resolutions, such as: CONAMA312/02, CONAMA 237/92, CONAMA 09/87. Moreover, these concepts were also discussed in the light of authors who have addressed this issue in the view of its effectiveness. For this, the theoretical tools that have guided this research were made by SÃnchez (2006), Agra Son (1993), IBAMA (1995), which explained the initial concepts on Environmental Impact Assessment, and IBAMA (2005) in the Diagnosis of the Cearense shrimp, which presents data for the creation of captive shrimp in the city of Aracati and the theoretical aspects related to this topic. The expected results were not much different from what was originally thought and from the analyzed aspects, very little presented serious and committed information with the real function of this study. Thus, one can say, after reviewing all topics initially proposed, that the EIA regarding the shrimp project examined was not actively effective for not presenting itself as a consistent tool for public consultation, help in decision making, in management and in environmental monitoring.
Tomanik, Raquel. "Estudo de impacto de vizinhança e licenciamento urbanístico-ambiental : desafios e inovações". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4245.
Texto completoThe Neighborhood Impact Study (NIS), urban instrument introduced by the Status of the City Federal Law nº. 10.257 of 2001 , has been studied in this work so as to verify its applicability in integrated licensing procedures. We have sought to establish relations of affinity and complementation between NIS and other instruments in support to the territorial planning and management, based on the review of bibliographic concepts and methods in analysis and evaluation of urban and environmental impacts. Then we have traced the NIS path, from founding principles, such as the concern to minimize hassles from building in surrounding lots, until its consolidation as a tool of mitigation and compensation of the negative reflexes of the urban development. The analysis of the implementation processes in Araraquara e Santo André has enabled the verification of the potentialities and problems of the application of NIS in integrated urban-environmental licensing, noting some guidelines for regulating of the instrument in other locations.
O Estudo de Impacto de Vizinhança (EIV), instrumento urbanístico introduzido pelo Estatuto da Cidade Lei Federal n.º 10.257 de 2001 , foi estudado neste trabalho com o objetivo de verificar sua aplicabilidade nos processos de licenciamento integrado. Buscou-se estabelecer relações de afinidade e complementaridade entre o EIV e outros instrumentos de apoio ao planejamento e gestão territorial, partindo da revisão bibliográfica de conceitos e métodos em análise e avaliação de impactos ambientais e urbanísticos. Em seguida, traçou-se a trajetória do EIV, partindo de princípios fundadores, como a preocupação em minimizar os incômodos provenientes da edificação em lotes vizinhos, até sua consolidação como ferramenta de mitigação e compensação dos reflexos negativos do desenvolvimento urbano. A análise dos processos de implementação em Araraquara e Santo André possibilitou a verificação das potencialidades e problemas da aplicação do EIV nos processos de licenciamento urbanísticoambiental integrado, assinalando algumas diretrizes para a regulamentação do instrumento em outros municípios.
Midoux, Julien Jérôme. "Compared private equity impact investments". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/19478.
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This research aims to study private equity impact investments based on a comparative analysis of different private equity funds practices. In particular, it examines how the requirements of impact investing are encompassed in private equity investment processes. First, a literature review was conducted to better define impact investing and assess the complementarity of private equity with impact investing. Secondly, a qualitative study was pursued based on a panel of interviews. Interviewees are investment professionals working for private equity firms with interests in impact investing. The analysis of the interviews indicates a certain commonality of the investment methods between the funds paneled whether they are pure player private equity impact investors or traditional private equity firms investing for impact. Beyond the proximity between investment strategies, the research also shows a strong focus on in-house impact targeting and measurement, with little resort to external tools. Such flexibility negatively affects the readability of impact performance from a market perspective. The research concludes impact investing still has to go through a standardization process to gain global recognition as a private equity segment.
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo de estudar os investimentos de impacto de private equity com a base de uma análise comparativa de diferentes práticas de fundos de private equity. Em particular, examina como os requisitos de investimento de impacto estão abrangidos nos processos de investimento em private equity. Em primeiro lugar, uma revisão da literatura foi feita para melhor definir o investimento de impacto e avaliar a complementaridade do private equity com os investimentos de impacto. Em segundo lugar, um estudo qualitativo foi realizado com base de um painel de entrevistas. Os entrevistados são profissionais de investimento que trabalham para empresas de private equity com interesses em investimentos de impacto. A análise das entrevistas indica uma certa semelhança dos métodos de investimento entre os fundos estudados que eles sejam unicamente investidos em impacto o que sejam fundos de private equity que fazem investimentos de impacto além de investimentos tradicionais. Além da proximidade entre as estratégias de investimento, a pesquisa também mostra um forte foco em processos de segmentação e de medida do impacto internos, com pouco recurso para ferramentas externas. Essa flexibilidade afeta negativamente a legibilidade da realização do impacto por parte do mercado. A pesquisa conclui que os investimentos em impacto ainda precisam passar por um processo de padronização para obter reconhecimento global como um segmento de private equity.
ARAÚJO, Joelson Isidro da Silva Araújo. "Análise de impacto em mudança de software: um guia de orientação". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17238.
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CAPEs
Contexto: a mudança faz parte da evolução e durante o ciclo de vida do software a maior parte dos custos está associada a esta tarefa. Poder fazer previsões sobre os potenciais efeitos causados através de uma mudança é uma forma de minimizar esses custos. Neste contexto, surge então a Análise de Impacto (AI) para medir o esforço que será necessário à mudança e para nortear como realizar a mesma da maneira mais adequada, entretanto o resultado gerado pode ser insuficiente, pois é possível existirem erros na identificação dos elementos possivelmente impactados, não contemplando todos os problemas existentes. Objetivo: este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o que se tem feito para permitir um resultado mais preciso na AI, gerando um catálogo de benefícios e limitações e propondo um guia de boas práticas, respondendo as perguntas de pesquisa – O que se sabe atualmente sobre os benefícios e limitações da AI em mudança de software? O que se tem feito para minimizar os erros gerados na análise? Método: para a condução da pesquisa fez-se necessário a busca de dados na literatura, através de uma pesquisa exploratória, por meio de uma revisão sistemática com o intuito de investigar as técnicas de AI relatadas em pesquisas dos últimos anos. Resultados: de posse dos dados resultantes da extração e análise dos dados, os resultados são: (1) evidências de técnicas existentes que conseguiram minimizar imprecisões nos resultados da análise, (2) geração de catálogo de benefícios e limitações em seu uso e ainda, um guia de propostas de boas práticas a serem adotadas para permitir que a análise apresente melhores resultados. Conclusão: os resultados fornecem uma melhor visão dos fatores que precisam ser melhorados e, além disso, possibilitaram a criação de um guia de boas práticas. Com isto, pretendemos contribuir fornecendo uma melhor compreensão sobre as técnicas existentes, de que forma melhorias vêm sendo propostas e quais práticas permitem a maximização dos resultados gerados através da análise de impacto.
Context: Changing is part of the evolution and during the software lifecycle most cost is associated with this task. Being able to make predictions about the potential effects caused by a change is a way to minimize these costs. In this context, the Impact Analisys (IA) can be used to measure the effort it will take to change and to guide how to do the same in the most appropriate way, however the results generated may be insufficient, it is possible to detect errors on the elements identification possibly impacted, not including all the existing problems. Objective: This study has the objetive to investigate what has been done to allow more accurate result in IA , generating a catalog of benefits and limitations and proposing a guide of good practice by answering the research questions - What is currently known about the benefits and IA limitations on software changes? What has been done to minimize errors generated in the analysis? Methodology: To conduct this research it is necessary to search data in the literature, through an exploratory research using a systematic review that will allow an investigation about the most IA techniques used in the last years. Results: With the data generated through the extration and analisys of data, the results are: evidences of techniques which can be used to minimize inaccuracies in test results, (2) generation of catalog of benefits and limitations in its use and also a good practice guide to be adopted to allow the analysis present better results. Conclusion: the expected results will provide a better view of the factors that need to be improved and, besides, will enable the creation of a good practice guide. With this, we intend to contribute by providing a better understanding of existing techniques, how improvements have been proposed and what practices has been used to improve the results generated by impact analysis.
Barretto, Flávia Risse de Mattos. "Análise da etapa de delimitação do escopo em processos de avaliação de impacto ambiental no estado de São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-25102012-101835/.
Texto completoThe Environmental Impact Assessment is an instrument which helps in the decision making, the elaboration of projects and development of proposals, also offers a way for the integration of values associated with the sustainability and sustainable development. For the environmental impact assessment to be effective, it should be based on delimitation of priority issues, as well as responses appropriate and necessary to the decision makers, in a process known as scoping. The main objective of the EIA scoping is define the studies considered suitable for the correct evaluation of potentially significant impacts related to a project, directed by the preliminary diagnosis of their areas of influence. Considering the need to evaluate the effectiveness of this step within the overall framework of the EIA carried, the aim of this study was to evaluate de scoping phase in environmental impact statement of Environmental Impact Assessment processes occurred in São Paulo State, under the current regulation and based on best practices recommended for this instrument. The study evaluated 34 environmental licensing process which were proceed through the Secretary of Environment of the São Paulo State (Secretaria de Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo - SMA/CETESB), with different development typologies. The results obtained showed that the structure recommended for the scoping in the São Paulo State, although it is potentially different than the other states in Brazil, it hasnt ensured the elaboration of Terms of Reference concise and focused on significant impacts of the projects, with few contribution to the effectiveness of environmental impact assessment.
Lourenço, Olívia Pinto Pereira. "Impacto das novas práticas de gestão de recursos humanos no trabalhador e no desempenho organizacional". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16257.
Texto completoAs tradicionais fórmulas empresariais já não funcionam. Os desafios concorrenciais cada vez mais intensos da economia mundial exigem às empresas grande capacidade de flexibilização, mudança, antecipação e adaptação às novas regras, num curto espaço de tempo, se desejam prosperar. Assistimos a uma grande progressão na gestão de recursos humanos e a uma enorme interdependência entre trabalhador, organização e sociedade. As novas estratégias que têm sido elaboradas e implementadas, pelas organizações, para fazer face às mudanças a vários níveis, têm influenciado a evolução no modo como os recursos humanos são entendidos, geridos e avaliados. É neste âmbito que o presente trabalho se situa, tendo como principal objectivo de investigação analisar o impacto/influência do processo de avaliação no desempenho individual e organizacional. O estudo de caso, numa Empresa de Consultoria em Tecnologias de Informação, é um precioso instrumento de resposta às questões levantadas durante as várias etapas da investigação. Ele permitirá averiguar se o processo de avaliação: influencia positivamente o desempenho do trabalhador, quando a sua opinião é tida em conta, quando considera que o método de avaliação é adequado e traduz uma avaliação justa; contribui para a melhoria do desempenho organizacional, quando correlaciona a satisfação dos interesses profissionais/pessoais do trabalhador com a realização dos objectivos da empresa.
The traditional enterprise formulas are no longer working. The world economic concurrent challenges are much harder and demand for companies with capacities like flexibility, change, anticipation and new rules adaptation in a short« period of time if prosper is the desire. We assist to a strong progression on human resource management and an enormous interdependency between workers, organizations and society. The new strategies that have been found and implemented by the organizations to face changes at several leveis, have been changing the way that human resources are understanding, managed and evaluated. The present work is placed on this scope, having as primary investigation goal the evaluation process impact on the individual and organizational performance. The case study, on a Technological Information Consulting Company, is a precious response instrument for questions raised along the different investigation phases. It will allow check if the evaluation process: have a positive influence on worker performance, when his opinion is taken in consideration, when he believes that the evaluation method is adequate and translate a fair evaluation; contribute for a better organizational performance when correlates the worker professional/personal interests satistaction with enterprise objective achievements.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Lochner, Paul. "NM2002 impact assessment : impact assessment report". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17325.
Texto completoThe purpose of this report is to: * assess the biophysical and socio-economic impacts of closure of De Beers Namaqualand Mines (DBNM) * provide preliminary suggestions for mitigation measures. DBNM anticipate that they will close in approximately 10 years' time. By the year 2002, all diamond deposits which are currently economically viable to mine on a large-scale would have been exploited. Closure is anticipated to have a significant impact on DBNM employees, their households, and towns where the households of employees live. Furthermore, closure is anticipated to have a significant impact on the Namaqualand economy. Therefore, DBNM commissioned the EEU to undertake an assessment of the impacts resulting from mine closure, to ascertain the effects on their employers and their affected households and communities. Through discussions with DBNM the scope for this assessment was established: * Briefly to describe the current biophysical, social and economic environments in Namaqualand and identify different trends in the region. * To assess in detail the socio-economic impacts resulting from the closure of DBNM. In addition, this report considers the impacts on the biophysical environment resulting from the closure of DBNM, because the socio-economic well-being of employees from rural areas of Namaqualand and Transkei is intrinsically linked to changes in the biophysical environment. Lastly, this report also contains preliminary suggestions for mitigating the impacts of closure.
Gomes, Laécia Gretha Amorim. "Análise da Efetividade do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental - EIA/RIMA na Carcinicultura: o Caso do Município de Aracati - CE". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/16609.
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This dissertation proposes to examine the effectiveness of the Environmental Impact Assessment - EIA in the creation of captive shrimp from the perspective of the case study of an EIA prepared for the expansion of a shrimp project located on the Jaguaribe river in the city of Aracati. According to Bolea (1984) apud La Rovere (2001, p.11), the AIA can be defined as "studies to identify, predict and interpret, and prevent the consequences or environmental effects that certain actions, plans, programs or projects may cause to our health, to the human welfare and the environment." According to the author, these studies include alternatives to projects subject to licensing and further induce the engagement and participation of the society, representing not a tool of decision in itself but an instrument of knowledge at the service of the general population. Thus, this essay discusses, so qualitatively, the effectiveness of this study as a serious aid tool in decision making and management and environmental monitoring, and verify if it, nowadays, is not being used only as a mere bureaucratic obstacle for the licensing of projects. In order to achieve the objectives, were established in the methodology, some criteria for analysis, which are: analysis of alternative locations, area of direct and indirect influence, coherence and relevance of environmental diagnosis, assessment of environmental impacts, effectiveness of mitigating measures, environmental monitoring and participation of the communities involved. Besides these features, the Environmental Impact Report - RIMA was also considered as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment, which were discussed and analyzed, topic by topic, always comparing them with the due legislation, in particular, the CONAMA Resolution 001 / 86 and other specific resolutions, such as: CONAMA312/02, CONAMA 237/92, CONAMA 09/87. Moreover, these concepts were also discussed in the light of authors who have addressed this issue in the view of its effectiveness. For this, the theoretical tools that have guided this research were made by Sánchez (2006), Agra Son (1993), IBAMA (1995), which explained the initial concepts on Environmental Impact Assessment, and IBAMA (2005) in the Diagnosis of the Cearense shrimp, which presents data for the creation of captive shrimp in the city of Aracati and the theoretical aspects related to this topic. The expected results were not much different from what was originally thought and from the analyzed aspects, very little presented serious and committed information with the real function of this study. Thus, one can say, after reviewing all topics initially proposed, that the EIA regarding the shrimp project examined was not actively effective for not presenting itself as a consistent tool for public consultation, help in decision making, in management and in environmental monitoring.
Esta dissertação se propõe analisar a Efetividade dos Estudos de Impacto Ambiental - EIA na Carcinicultura dentro da perspectiva do estudo de caso de um EIA elaborado para a expansão de um projeto carcinícola localizado as margens do rio Jaguaribe no Município de Aracati. De acordo com Bolea (1984) apud La Rovere (2001, p.11), a AIA pode ser definida como: “estudos realizados para identificar, prever e interpretar assim como prevenir, as conseqüências ou efeitos ambientais que determinadas ações, planos, programas ou projetos podem causar à saúde, ao bem estar humano e ao entorno”. Ainda segundo o autor, esses estudos englobam alternativas a projetos passíveis de licenciamento e ainda induzem o engajamento e a participação da sociedade, representando não um instrumento de decisão em si, mas um instrumento de conhecimento a serviço da população em geral. Dessa maneira, esta dissertação discute, de modo qualitativo, a efetividade desse estudo como expediente sério de ajuda na tomada de decisão e na gestão e monitoramento ambiental, assim como verificar se o mesmo, nos dias atuais, não está sendo utilizado apenas como um mero entrave burocrático para o licenciamento de empreendimentos. Para que os objetivos fossem atingidos, foram estabelecidos, em metodologia própria, alguns critérios de análise, que são: análise das alternativas locacionais, área de influência direta e indireta, coerência e relevância do diagnóstico ambiental, avaliação dos impactos ambientais, efetividade das medidas mitigadoras, monitoramento ambiental e participação das comunidades envolvidas. Além dessas características, também foi analisado o Relatório de Impacto Ambiental – RIMA como parte integrante do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental, aspectos que foram discutidos e analisados, tópico por tópico, sempre os comparando com a legislação competente, em especial, a Resolução CONAMA 001/86 e outras Resoluções específicas, tais como: CONAMA312/02, CONAMA 237/92, CONAMA 09/87. Além disso, esses conceitos também foram discutidos à luz de autores que já abordam esse tema na perspectiva de sua efetividade. Para isso, as ferramentas teóricas que nortearam esta pesquisa foram constituídas por Sánchez (2006), Agra Filho (1993), IBAMA (1995), que esclareceram os conceitos iniciais sobre Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental, e IBAMA (2005), no Diagnóstico da Carcinicultura Cearense, que apresenta os dados referentes à carcinicultura no Município de Aracati e os aspectos teóricos inerentes a esse tema. Os resultados esperados não se mostraram muito diferentes do que inicialmente se havia pensando, e, dos aspectos analisados, poucos foram os que apresentaram informações sérias e comprometidas com a real função deste estudo. Dessa maneira, pode-se afirmar, depois da análise de todos os tópicos inicialmente propostos, que o EIA referente ao projeto de carcinicultura examinado não se mostrou ativamente efetivo por não se apresentar como instrumento consistente de consulta pública, ajuda na tomada de decisão, na gestão e no monitoramento ambiental.
Marcomini, Leandro Peres [UNESP]. "Avaliação de impacto ambiental do cemitério Jardim dos Lírios do município de Bauru - SP". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93007.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A problemática envolvendo cemitério segue muito além do que a sociedade ocidental pensa, e normalmente, as atividades cemiteriais são vistas como algo marcante e perturbador. Normalmente ao longo dos tempos, muitos cemitérios, principalmente os públicos, não se atentaram para as preocupações ambientais, nem tampouco conheciam o risco de contaminação, podendo afetar o meio ambiente e a saúde pública com suas alterações físicas, químicas e biológicas nas águas subterrâneas e superficiais e no solo. Os cemitérios mal implantados podem constituir-se numa potencial fonte de poluição, sendo diversas problemáticas envolvidas, aos quais citamos como exemplo os extravasamentos dos líquidos coliqualivos ou conhecidos como necrochorume, as erosões internas das quadras e jazigos, a falta de espaço físico urbano, as construções insustentáveis de jazigos, as enchentes ocorridas no interior dos cemitérios, a questão dos resíduos produzidos nestes empreendimentos, o aumento significativo dos furtos e violações de jazigos, além dos altos custos de um enterro, dentre outros. Diante deste cenário atual, o presente trabalho apresenta e analisa os estudos prévios demonstrados no Relatório Ambiental Preliminar (RAP) ao qual subsidiou a avaliação de impacto ambiental para conquista do licenciamento ambiental para o Cemitério Parque Jardim dos Lírios. E com isso, atentou-se para as mudanças em relação ao tratamento destes empreendimentos, seja na avaliação dos impactos ambientais, seja na adequação do plano diretor municipal, seja nas inovações da construção cemiterial, seja nas operações e gestão ambiental destas atividades. Apresenta-se ainda, as legislações aplicáveis e adequáveis ao caso, as Resoluções CONAMA nº 335 de 2003; nº 368 de 2006 e nº 402 de 2008, e que historicamente tornaram-se...
The problematic involving cemetery goes far beyond what the western society thinks, and ordinarily, the chemeterial activities are seen as something remarkable and troublesome. Notably over time, many cemeteries, mainly the public, did not pay attention to the environmental concerns, nor even knew the risk of infection, being able to affect the environment and the public health with its physical, chemical and biological changes in the superficial, groundwater and in the ground. The cemeteries poorly implemented might become a potential source of pollution being several problems involved, which we quoted as examples the leakages of colligative liquids or known as necrochorume, the internal erosions of the blocks and graves, the lack of physical urban space, the unsustainable buildings of graves, the floods that occurred into the cemeteries, the matter of wase produced in these ventures, the significant increase of thefts and violations of the graves, besides the high cost of a funeral, among others. Before this current scenario, the present project introduces and analyzes the previous studies shown in the Preliminary Environmental Report (PER) which subsidied the evaluation of environmental impact to the conquer of the environmental permit to the cemetery Parque Jardim dos Lírios. And thus, it was observed that the changes related to the treatment of these ventures, in the evaluation of environmental impacts, in the adequacy of the municipal master plan, in the innovation of the cemetery construction, in the operations and environemental management of these activities. It also has, the suitable and apllicable laws to the case, the Resolutions CONAMA 335 from 2003; 368 from 2006 and 402 from 2008, and which historically became the first specific normalizations to the case, besides another existing environmental laws... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mora, Karin. "Non-smooth dynamical systems and applications". Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636521.
Texto completoOshiro, Roberto Eiki. "Estudo da similaridade imperfeita em estruturas sujeitas a carregamentos de impacto". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-18082010-160437/.
Texto completoCurrent scaling laws are not capable of predicting the structural impact response of prototypes from the behavior of the corresponding scaled models. Here, the nondirect similitude technique is employed by changing the initial impact velocity loading so that model and prototype behave the same. Three main factors that contribute to the non-similar response of a scaled structure are investigated: strain rate, model geometry and material parameters distorted in relation to the prototype. Moreover, it is shown how the proposed technique can be applied to alter the impact mass instead of its velocity. By considering all these aspects, it is then created a comprehensive and simple procedure that generates models similar to a given prototype. Three analytical and two numerical problems are used to present the main features of the technique. In all the cases analyzed, after the correction is applied, it was possible to accurately predict the behavior of the structure under analysis by the response of the model. Throughout this work, limitations and advantages of the method are emphasized bearing in mind other published works.
Bruel, Paulo Eduardo Nunes. "Abordagem analítica e caracterização de contato entre superfícies". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18149/tde-06122006-003830/.
Texto completoThe tact may be defined as the capacity of a body to locate the contact on its surface, to recognize shape of the contacting surface as well as the superficial rugosity. Usually analytical models are not able to describe the phenomenon properly. This work, proposes an approach for the contact form location between two bodies using the resultant signals analysis of the vibrations caused for the contact. In this way it is determined the target surface geometry. The qualitative description of the impact is obtained through the analysis of mathematical series that generate orthogonal basis for this sort of event. Thus, the contact is not considered through a traditional physical modeling, but by the description of the waves generated for the superficial stress and strain, incorporating the interaction of multiple entailed points and procedures of counting statistics. With a methodology for study of theoretical impact, the quantitative construction of the specter of displacement of a subject plate to the application of distributed strains is effected.
Mazzariol, Leonardo Monteiro. "Representação de estruturas sujeitas à cargas de impacto através de modelos escalonados: estrutura e modelo feitos de materiais diferentes". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-18042017-135251/.
Texto completoIt is hypothesized that it is possible to reproduce the behaviour of the prototype by using models made of different materials. The influence of thickness, different densities, flow stresses, hardening and viscoplasticity are all evaluated through analytical equations and simulations of basic structures such as beam, plate and the impact of a double plate structure. In addition, quasi-static and dynamic materials characterization are conducted , with experiments being performed in circular plates for three different scales (1/1, 2/3 and 1/3), four materials (Aluminum, Titanium, Stainless Steel and Copper) and two conditions impact of a mass (3,5m/s) and a projectile at high speed (130m/s). It is shown that the use of Johnson-Cook\'s law to describe the viscoplastic behavior of the materials allows a satisfactory approximation to the calculation of the corrected impact velocity, without the need for additional information on the behavior of the structure. In addition, the results reveal the relevance of maintaining the ratio between impact mass and structure mass constant in model and prototype, leading to the desirable similarity of the distortions between the two. Thus, when confirming the hypothesis of this work, it is possible to infer the behavior of a prototype using small scale models made from different materials.
Velho, Eduarda Leoneth Gaspar Mulende. "O impacto ambiental da extração petrolífera: Estudo sobre a (re) evolução do Direito Ambiental". Master's thesis, Universidade Portucalense, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1536.
Texto completoO trabalho em epígrafe cinge-se na Problemática do impacto ambiental da extração petrolífera, ou seja na (re) Evolução do Direito Ambiental. Ao abordarmos sobre esta temática, é importante referirmos que, de um modo geral, são empresas competentes para o efeito que extraem o petróleo. O petróleo é tido como o recurso natural que fornece a principal fonte de energia ao homem. Ao ser extraído causa-se danos irreparáveis pra os seres vivos e com isso há a necessidade de se encontrar mecanismos de responsabilização das pessoas que os provocam.
The work referred to above gird on the Issues of the environmental impact of oil extraction, that is the (re) Evolution of Environmental Law. When discussing about this matter, it is important to refer, in general, companies are responsible for the effect that draws oil. Oil is considered the natural feature that provides the main source of energy to man. When extracted to cause irreparable damage to living beings and therefore there is a need to find mechanisms accountability of persons they cause.
Orientação: Prof. Doutor Carlos Rodrigues
Pinto, Rúben Filipe Silva. "Impacto do terrorismo nos comportamentos e atitudes das populações". Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10928.
Texto completoO terrorismo é um fenómeno bem presente na nossa atualidade e que causa um impacto negativo a nível mundial, tendo registado um crescimento ao longo deste século. O objetivo deste trabalho é perceber o impacto que o terrorismo tem na vida das pessoas, focando mais em países da Europa, sendo feita uma revisão bibliográfica entre os anos 2000 e 2017. É proposto um estudo realizado com a população em geral, tentando-se obter o maior número de respostas possível. O método utilizado será o método quantitativo, através da aplicação de um questionário sendo que o esperado é um aumento do medo e insegurança, ainda que não tenha um impacto significativo ao nível dos comportamentos.
Terrorism is a phenomenon that is very present nowadays and that has a negative impact all around the world having registered a growth throughout this century. This project aims to understand the impact that terrorism has on people's lives, focusing more on European countries, in a literature review carried out between the years 2000 and 2017. It is proposed a study with the general population, trying to obtain as many answers as possible. It will be used the quantitative method, through the application of a questionnaire, and the expectation is an increase in fear and insecurity, although it does not have a significant impact on people’s behavior.
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Pereira, João Henrique [UNESP]. "Análise de impactos ambientais gerados pela implantação de loteamentos fechados de alto padrão". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124503.
Texto completoPor trás do aumento populacional e crescimento econômico dos países em desenvolvimento, está a urbanização, que transforma de forma drástica os limites das cidades modernas, fazendo com que aumentem suas áreas de maneira rápida e, muitas vezes, pouco consciente. Como consequência desse crescimento, as cidades têm enfrentado problemas graves, como alterações na vazão de pico, aumento na quantidade de veículos, desmatamentos frequentes e, consequentemente, mais lixo doméstico. Na região Sudeste, assim como nas outras regiões do País, as incorporadoras preferem transformar grandes áreas rurais em loteamentos fechados. Essa escolha pode ser justificada pela segurança que tal tipo de negócio proporciona, que facilita as vendas, e também pelo valor agregado a esse tipo de empreendimento. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar os impactos ambientais gerados por esse tipo de incorporação, visando à sua representação numérica. E, com isso, facilitar a análise desses impactos, bem como a representação do seu potencial impactante. O material utilizado para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) e Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (RIMA) do empreendimento, além de bibliografia relacionada ao tema e do acompanhamento da implantação da obra e de programas de monitoramento ambiental sugeridos. Para a representação numérica dos impactos ambientais, foram criados pesos para seus indicadores e fatores que permitiram alcançar o objetivo do estudo. Para a obtenção dos pesos que caracterizaram cada indicador ambiental, foi feita uma análise dos danos que cada um proporcionaria ao meio ambiente, se ocorresse isoladamente, e, depois, para que houvesse interação entre eles, foi aplicado uma matriz fundamentada na Matriz de Leopold. Alguns fatores foram criados levando em conta a probabilidade de ocorrência de cada evento e a eficiência das medidas mitigadoras para cada um dos impactos...
As the population of the cities are increasing and the economic growth of developing countries, urbanization has been changing drastically the limits of the new cities. Moreover, the areas of these cities have been growing quickly and unconsciously. Consequently, these cities are facing serious problems such as floods, more vehicles, deforestation and domestic garbage. In the southeast region, as well as in other regions in the country, construction companies prefer transforming big rural areas in closed allotments. This is due to the safety that they provide, which make sales more easily and the value of this enterprise also grows. The goal of this study is to evaluate the environmental impacts generated by this kind of enterprise, aiming their numerical representation, and, therefore make their analysis easier. The material used for developing this work was the Environmental Impact Study (EIS) and the Environmental Impact Report (EIR) of the enterprise, besides some bibliographies related to the theme and monitor of the construction and environmental monitoring programs suggested. For the numerical representation of the environmental impacts were created weights to its indicators and factors which had the objective of the study, to obtain the weights that characterized each environmental indicator, an analysis of the damage that each provide the environment was made, if it occurred alone and then there was interaction between them a matrix based on the Leopold matrix was applied. Some factors were created to represent the probability of occurrence of each event and the effectiveness of mitigation measures for each of the listed environmental impacts, so the analysis becomes more complete and realistic, resulting in a more reliable numerical representation. At the end of the study can be seen that the objective of this research was reached once did a representation of environmental impacts of easy analysis and good reliability was obtained
Frigieri, Tânia Cristina [UNESP]. "O efeito da lignina residual e dos ácidos hexenurônicos na geração de organoclorados com dióxido de cloro". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141975.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A indústria de papel e celulose é uma das que mais colaboram na contaminação do meio ambiente por compostos organoclorados, principalmente nos processos de branqueamento da polpa. Por isso, o objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi a análise dos organoclorados gerados no efluente de branqueamento (AOX) realizado em duas partes: PRIMEIRA PARTE - produzir três polpas celulósicas proveniente do cozimento kraft, com diferentes quantidades de lignina e ácidos hexenurônicos, e verificar os efeitos que estas têm em relação a geração de AOX no efluente de uma sequência de pré-branqueamento DE. Para a realização deste estudo, foram utilizados cavacos híbridos de Eucalyptus urograndis no cozimento kraft. Após, foram separadas três amostras de polpa marrom, em que uma foi produzida a polpa TRL onde foi realizado o tratamento para retirada da lignina e em outra amostra, o tratamento para retirar os ácidos hexenurônicos, para obter a polpa TRH. Nas três amostras de polpas: marrom, TRL e TRH, foi realizado o pré-branqueamento (sequência DE) com diferentes fatores kappa para análise da quantidade de AOX gerado nos efluentes. Nas polpas foram analisados: alvura, teor de lignina e teor de ácidos hexenurônicos. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a lignina, quando comparada aos ácidos hexenurônicos, é o que gera maior quantidade de AOX no efluente e também maior quantidade de AOX por número kappa inicial de cada polpa. Os ácidos hexenurônicos dificultaram a retirada da lignina insolúvel da polpa e a lignina não influenciou na remoção dos ácidos hexenurônicos da polpa. Em relação a alvura adquirida na polpa, a lignina influencia no decréscimo do ganho de alvura quando comparado ao ácidos hexenurônicos. SEGUNDA PARTE – comparar uma sequência de branqueamento convencional – OD0(E+P)D1P e uma sequência curta proposta - OAHTDP através da quantidade de AOX gerado no efluente total de branqueamento. Nesta etapa do estudo, foi utilizada a polpa industrial de eucalipto pré-deslignificada com oxigênio para dar continuidade a sequência referência D0(E+P)D1P e a sequência curta proposta - AHTDP, ambas com a alvura objetivo estabelecida de 90± 0,5%ISO. Conclui-se que a sequência referência D0(E+P)D1P gerou mais AOX do que a sequência curta proposta - AHTDP e que a reversão de alvura da sequência referência foi 1,57% ISO enquanto que para a sequência AHTDP foi de 1,88% ISO. Conclui-se, portanto, que a sequência curta proposta AHTDP causou menor impacto ambiental por causa da menor quantidade de AOX gerado no efluente de branqueamento.
The pulp and paper industry is one that collaborate the most in environmental contamination by organochlorine compounds, mainly in pulp bleaching processes. Therefore, the general objective of this study was the analysis of organochlorines generated in the bleaching effluent (AOX) held in two parts: FIRST PART - produce three pulps from the kraft cooking, with different amounts of lignin and HexA's, and check the effects they have compared the generation of AOX in effluents from a sequence of pre-bleaching. For this study, hybrid chips were used Eucalyptus urograndis in kraft cooking. After three samples were separated brownstock, wherein a TRL pulp was produced which was carried out the treatment for the removal of lignin and other sample processing to remove hexenuronic acids, for TRH pulp. All three samples pulps: brownstock, TRH and TRL, pre-whitening (sequence DE) with different kappa factors for analyzing the amount of AOX in effluents generated was performed. The pulps were analyzed: brightness, lignin content and content HexA's. The results showed that lignin compared to HexA's, is what generates greater amount of AOX in the effluent and also increased amount of AOX by initial kappa number of each pulp. The HexA's hindered the removal of insoluble pulp lignin and lignin did not influence the removal of HexA's pulp. Regarding the brightness acquired in the pulp, lignin influences the decrease in brightness gain compared to HexA's. SECOND PART - compare a conventional bleaching sequence - OD0(E+P)D1P and a short motion sequence - OAHTDP through the AOX emissions generated total bleach effluent. In this study phase, industrial pulp predelignified eucalyptus oxygen was used to continue the reference sequence D0(E+P)D1P and short motion sequence - AHTDP, both the brightness established goal of 90 ± 0.5 %ISO. It follows that the reference sequence D0(E+P)D1P AOX generated more than the short proposed sequence - AHTDP and that the brightness reversion of the reference sequence was 1.57%ISO while for AHTDP sequence was 1, 88%ISO. It follows, therefore, that the short motion sequence AHTDP caused less environmental impact because of the lower amount of AOX generated in the bleach effluent.