Tesis sobre el tema "Imagerie multispectrale – Modèles mathématiques"
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Weber, François. "Modélisation de fonds multispectraux texturés et hétérogènes pour la détection d'anomalies". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0033.
Texto completoDetection methods for spotting covered up objects are used in many fields of applications, including the exploration of millitary battlefields. In this context, no specification about what to detect can be known a priori. Anomaly detection methods can deal without these informations and are the starting point of this thesis. In this work, the considered data are multispectral images of natural scenes containing covered up targets. The vegetation present in these backgrounds causes strong textured aspects. We propose to exploit simultaneously both spectral and spatial informations to measure the gain obtained by considering the textures within an anomaly detection method. As a matter of fact, the false-positive rate is prone to increase on highly textured scenes if this kind of behaviour are not expected by the considererd anomaly detector. Several anomaly detection methods adapted to multispectral backgrounds have been compared to reference detectors that only exploit the spectral information. The first anomaly detectors we propose rely on models like Gaussian Markovian random fields and mixtures of structured Gaussian, allowing parametric tests ; the second ones rely on non-parametric tests operated in kernel-spaces. The obtained results show the necessisty of a joint segmentation and detection for heterogeneous scenes. Moreover, the best result have been obtained through anomaly detectors that do not assume any a priori distribution over data
Louargant, Marine. "Proxidétection des adventices par imagerie aérienne : vers un service de gestion par drone". Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS029/document.
Texto completoThe agricultural framework aims to reduce pesticide use on fields. Weed management, which is highly herbicide consuming, became a great issue. In order to develop a weed management service using UAV, this PhD dissertation studies how to adapt the acquisition system (UAV + multispectral camera) developed by AIRINOV to detect weeds in row crops. The acquisition chain was modeled to assess some of its parameters (optical filters and spatial resolution) impact on weed detection quality. Orthoimages and orthorectified images were created using a multispectral camera (4 to 8 filters) with 6 mm to 6 cm spatial resolutions. Several weed location methods were specifically developed to study multispectral images acquired by UAV. They are based on 1) the analysis of vegetation spatial distribution (row detection using the Hough transform and shape analysis), 2) spectral classification of pixels (supervised methods: LDA, QDA, Mahalanobis distance, SVM). In order to improve weed detection, a spectral classification based on training data deduced from spatial analysis was then proposed.Weed infestation maps and recommendation for spot spraying applications were then produced
MAIRE, Florian. "Détection et classification de cibles multispectrales dans l'infrarouge". Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997684.
Texto completoMaire, Florian. "Détection et classification de cibles multispectrales dans l'infrarouge". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0007.
Texto completoSurveillance systems should be able to detect potential threats far ahead in order to put forward a defence strategy. In this context, detection and recognition methods making use of multispectral infrared images should cope with low resolution signals and handle both spectral and spatial variability of the targets. We introduce in this PhD thesis a novel statistical methodology to perform aircraft detection and classification which take into account these constraints. We first propose an anomaly detection method designed for multispectral images, which combines a spectral likelihood measure and a level set study of the image Mahalanobis transform. This technique allows to identify images which feature an anomaly without any prior knowledge on the target. In a second time, these images are used as realizations of a statistical model in which the observations are described as random spectral and spatial deformation of prototype shapes. The model inference, and in particular the prototype shape estimation, is achieved through a novel unsupervised sequential learning algorithm designed for missing data models. This model allows to propose a classification algorithm based on maximum a posteriori probability Promising results in detection as well as in classification, justify the growing interest surrounding the development of multispectral imaging devices. These methods have also allowed us to identify the optimal infrared spectral band regroupments regarding the low resolution aircraft IRS detection and classification
Maire, Florian. "Détection et classification de cibles multispectrales dans l'infrarouge". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0007/document.
Texto completoSurveillance systems should be able to detect potential threats far ahead in order to put forward a defence strategy. In this context, detection and recognition methods making use of multispectral infrared images should cope with low resolution signals and handle both spectral and spatial variability of the targets. We introduce in this PhD thesis a novel statistical methodology to perform aircraft detection and classification which take into account these constraints. We first propose an anomaly detection method designed for multispectral images, which combines a spectral likelihood measure and a level set study of the image Mahalanobis transform. This technique allows to identify images which feature an anomaly without any prior knowledge on the target. In a second time, these images are used as realizations of a statistical model in which the observations are described as random spectral and spatial deformation of prototype shapes. The model inference, and in particular the prototype shape estimation, is achieved through a novel unsupervised sequential learning algorithm designed for missing data models. This model allows to propose a classification algorithm based on maximum a posteriori probability Promising results in detection as well as in classification, justify the growing interest surrounding the development of multispectral imaging devices. These methods have also allowed us to identify the optimal infrared spectral band regroupments regarding the low resolution aircraft IRS detection and classification
Kozhemyak, Anastasia. "Modèles mathématiques et méthodes de reconstruction en imagerie médicale". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004165.
Texto completoGrousson, Stéphane. "Modèles géométriques pour de nouvelles interprétations en imagerie". Saint-Etienne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STET4013.
Texto completoThis thesis presents various geometrical models useful for image processing and highlights their interconnections. The space of circles constitutes the unifying framework of all the models. Within this space, applications such a Voronoi diagrams computation and an original determination of the smallest circumscribed circle can be performed. Transforms alternative to the Hough transform are studied, with an instrumental role for the Polar Transform and its framework of duality, generalizable to higher dimensions is described. The two most original results of this thesis allow to quantify the uncertainty of an alignment ("intersection blur") with either a translation invariant measure in connection with integral geometry and "differential affine geometry", or contour lines which are conics pencils
Corvo, Joris. "Caractérisation de paramètres cosmétologiques à partir d'images multispectrales de peau". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM100/document.
Texto completoThanks to its precision in spatial and spectral domain, multispectral imaging has become an essential tool in dermatology. This thesis focuses on the interest of this technology for cosmetological parameters assessment through three different studies: the detection of a foundation make-up, age assessment and roughness measurement.A database of multispectral skin images is build using a multiple optical filters system. A preprocessing step allows to standardize those texture images before their exploitation.Covariance matrices of mutispectral acquisitions can be displayed in a multidimensional scaling space which is a novel way to represent multivariate data sets. Likewise, a new dimensionality reduction algorithm based on PCA is proposed in this thesis.A complete study of the images texture is performed: texture features from mathematical morphology and more generally from image analysis are expanded to the case of multivariate images. In this process, several spectral distances are tested, among which a new distance associating the LIP model to the Asplund metric.Statistical predictions are generated from texture data. Thoses predictions lead to a conclusion about the data processing efficiency and the relevance of multispectral imaging for the three cosmetologic studies
Dejaeghere, Laurent. "Méthode de mesure par pyrométrie multispectrale et développement d'un dispositif à hautes températures". Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS406/document.
Texto completoWelding simulation can be improved by a better knowledge of molten metals thermophysical properties. This improvement requires characterization using a very high temperature apparatus. After portraying a state of the art on characterization technics adapted to this temperature range (chapter 1), this manuscript details works, principally experimental, dedicated to the developments of a device able to heat metals up to 2 500 °C (chapters 3 and 4) and of a five wavelengths pyrometer in order to measure this temperature (chapters 2, 4 and 5). The device heats by induction a graphite tower, the crucible being placed at its center, and has been dimensioned by a magneto-thermal 2D axisymmetric simulation using the Comsol Multiphysics® software. In parallel, the pyrometer has been developed in order to measure both temperature and emissivity. In the absence of a high temperature blackbody, several experiments were carried out for the calibration of it; they were based on the use of the luminance of pure metals at their melting point. In order to cover the largest temperature range possible, chosen metals were iron, chromium, and even niobium. These experiments showed the efficiency of the pyrometer and the maximal ability of the high temperature device during the niobium melting around 2 500 °C. Finally, the pyrometer has been used on an arc welding process, in which temperature has been evaluated over a 1 000 °C – 2 500 °C temperature range
Kozhemyak, Anastasia. "Modèles mathématiques et méthodes de reconstruction pour des techniques émergentes d'imagerie biomédicale". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0007.
Texto completoLeray, Pascal. "Modélisation et architecture de machines de sysnthèse d'images pour la représentation d'images et le rendu d'objets tri-dimensionnels (3D)sur écrans graphiques à balayage". Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA020117.
Texto completoSolid modelling and image rendering are the two fundamental tasks for 3d image synthesis a solid modelling is used to represent internal 3d data base, strongly correlated with mental representation of the world in the humain brain. B image rendering is used to display realistic images of our 3d world : it can be coupled with the drawing possibilities of mankind. But at present in our graphic workstations, these two tasks are not associated, at the difference of the humain beeing, which analyses in real time what he draws, and compares it to its mental representations of the environment. The first goal of this report is to analyse existing tools which are currently used in tasks a and b after we describe two new solutions for : a direct digititizing system of 3d objects a new architecture for rendering at the end, we introduce the new concept of neural networks, and we explain how it could be used to perform tasks a and b , as it is associated in the humain brain with image analysis by shape from shading techniques. Conclusion is a projection on future image synthesis systems, where 3d object analysis based on shape from shading and neural network could be tightly coupled with image rendering. These two processes could be at that time reversible, giving large new possibilities to computer design, picture data bases
Levet, Florian. "Modélisation et édition d'objets 3D : du prototype au modèle final". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13304.
Texto completoVauthrin, Margaux. "Etude de quelques modèles en imagerie photoacoustique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM030/document.
Texto completoThis thesis work is related to photoacoustic imaging techniques which are new multiwave modalities in medical imaging that combine both high resolution of ultrasounds and contrast of optical methods. Weprecisely studied the inverse problem that consists of determining the optical coefficients of biologicaltissues from measurement of acoustic waves generated by the photoacoustic effect. The photoacoustic inverse problem proceeds in two steps.We first retrieve the initial pressure from the measurement of the pressure wave on a part of the boundary of the sample. The first inversion takes then the form of a linear inverse source problem and provides internal data for the optical waves that are more sensitive to the contrast of the absorption and diffusion coefficients. In a second step we recover the optical coefficients from the acquired internal data.The aim of this work is to study the two inversions in different contexts. In the first part, we develop a model that takes into account the variations of the acoustic speed in the medium. Indeed, most of the inversion methods suppose that the acoustic speed is constant, and this assumption can lead to errors in the reconstruction of the optical coefficients. The second part of this work is the derivation of stability estimates for the photoacoustic inverse problem in a layered medium. We prove that the reconstruction is getting worse with depth. This is one of the main drawbacks of the photacoustic method, the imaging depth is limited to a few centimeters. The last part is about photoacoustic generation with plasmonic nanoparticles. They enhance the photoacoustic signal around them, so that we can investigate the tissue more deeply. We derive the mathematical model of the photoacoustic generation by heating nanoparticles, and we solve the photoacoustic inverse problem in this context
Impériale, Alexandre. "Méthode d'assimilation de données de la donnée image pour la personnalisation de modèles mécaniques : application à la mécanique cardiaque et aux images de marquage tissulaire". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066622.
Texto completoThis thesis aims at incorporating complex data derived from images into a data assimilation strategy available for mechanical systems. Our work relies on some recent developments that propose a sequential data assimilation method made of a Luenberger filter for the state space and an optimal filter reduced to the remaining parameter space. We aim at performing parameter identification for a biomechanical model of the heart and, within the scope of this application, we formalize the construction of shape discrepancy measurements for two types of data sets: first, the data expected of a processing step of tagged Magnetic Resonance Imaging (tagged-MRI) and, second, more standard data composed by the contours of the object. Initially based on simple distance measurements we enrich these discrepancy measures by incorporating the formalism of currents which enables to embed the contours of the object within the dual of an appropriate space of test functions. For each discrepancy operators we analyze its impact on the observability of the system and, in the case of tagged-MRI, we prove that they are equivalent to a direct measurement of the displacement. From a numerical standpoint, taking into account these complex data sets is a great challenge that motivates the creation of new numerical schemes that provide a more flexible management of the various observation operators. We assess these new means of extracting the rich information contained in the image by identifying in realistic cases the position and the intensity of an infarct in the heart tissue
Luginbühl, Thibault. "Régularisation de surface 3D par une approche fondée sur un modèle". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066032.
Texto completoIn this thesis we present a system to generate 3D photo-realistic avatars automatically using a laser scanner. First, we turn the point cloud provided by the scanner into a suitable representation, that is a closed mesh. Our approach is based on a generic model of the human body that is fitted to the data using computer graphics techniques for mesh edition. Then, we add texture information to the 3D geometry using pictures taken during the acquisition. This problem is solved by optimizing the choice of a camera for each triangle of the mesh and treating the continuity problem at the seams. Finally, we show direct application of our system relying on the common parameterization provided by the generic model: use of the avatars in a virtual try-on application, modifying the haircut of the reconstructed model and animation transfer
Roux, Sébastien. "Modèles dynamiques en tomographie - Application à l'imagerie cardiaque". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007803.
Texto completoMilles, Julien. "Modélisation et correction des inhomogénéités d'intensité en imagerie cérébrale par résonance magnétique". Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0084/these.pdf.
Texto completoThis work deals with modelisation and correction of intensity inhomogeneity for magnetic resonance images of the brain. We first modelise intensity variation for a given pixel according to physical parameters which depend on the object being imaged and the machine. We propose four estimation methods to compute transmission and reception radio-frequency coils sensitivity profiles for homogeneous and heterogeneous objects. Subsequently we propose two different approaches to correct magnetic resonance images. We first expose a method which uses the parameters computed with the modelisation described before. The second solution is based on a cooperative framework between two algorithms which work in two separate domains, using spatial or spectral informations. Those methods have been validated on real dataset from phantoms and a volunteer’s normal brain. Results are very satisfactory and open new algorithmic approaches
Kretowski, Marek. "Modélisation et classification en imagerie médical". Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10089.
Texto completoCorouge, Isabelle. "Modélisation statistique de formes en imagerie cérébrale". Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003647.
Texto completoCornelis, Francois. "Imagerie oncologique et modélisation mathématique : développement, optimisation et perspectives". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0121/document.
Texto completoThis work performed at the Institute of Mathematics of Bordeaux (IMB) from 2010 to 2015 under the direction of Thierry Colin and Olivier Saut describes the creation and gradual development of a set of theories, techniques and tools linking medical imaging and applied mathematics in order to consider their clinical application in the short term in oncology. The first goal was to optimize the spatial models of tumor growth developed at the IMB including microscopic and macroscopic elements obtained by analyzing the information available on imaging explorations. Several steps were performed to better understand the in vivo modeling. Various organs and tumor types were investigated, especially in the lung, liver, and kidney. These locations were studied successively to progressively enrich the model by the answers they brought and thus respond to clinical reality. Concomitantly, tools were integrated to standardize the data collection process and help to refine the therapeutic evaluation by imaging with digital markers. The implementation of functional imaging in clinical practice has become a reality. The goal is ultimately to apply prospectively these support tools in a daily practice. Modelling was also applied in interventional oncology for the study of the electric field distribution after percutaneous irreversible electroporation in the prostate and soon in the liver. This will allow a better control of the ablation areas and thereby improve the safety and efficacy of these treatments
Vu, Duong. "Injection de charge et de spin de GaAs vers des couches métalliques et magnétiques". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/50/65/65/PDF/Final.pdf.
Texto completoOn trouve le résumé suivant sur la plateforme de thèses en ligne Tel le résumé suivant (la thèse elle même inclut un résumé plus détaillé) :This thesis describes experimental and theoretical work concerning photo-assisted tunnelling between optically pumped GaAs and metallic surfaces. In particular, the first evidence for the spin dependence of the tunnel photocurrent into a magnetic surface is presented. The thesis is made up of two separate parts: Part 1: Reports studies of charge and spin injection of photoelectrons from an optically pumped, tipless GaAs microcantilever into both (nonmagnetic) Gold and (magnetic) Cobalt surfaces. A new model, which is used to analyse the bias, tunnel distance and spin dependence of the tunnel photocurrent, correctly predicts the behaviour observed on the Gold surfaces. With the addition of a Pockels' cell, the same experiment is used to modulate the spin polarisation of tunnelling electrons and to the spin dependence of photoelectron injection into Cobalt. A reversal of the relative spin polarisation of the photoelectrons to the magnetisation direction of the Cobalt results in a 6 % variation in the tunnel photocurrent. This compares with a value of 0. 1 % observed on nonmagnetic Gold surfaces. A reduction in this variation with increasing applied bias is attributed to a reduction in the surface recombination velocity. An extension to the model developed for charge injection which accounts for the spin polarisation of the photoelectrons describes the experimental results well. Part 2: Reports studies on charge and spin transport in GaAs using an original polarised photoluminescence microscopy technique. This technique is firstly applied to photoluminescence imaging in GaAs tips to be used in imaging studies of nanomagnetism, in order to estimate the expected electronic polarisations at the tip apex. In combination with studies on equivalent planar geometry samples and by numerically solving the charge and spin diffusion equations, polarisations approaching 40 % are predicted. Independently, polarised luminescence microscopy is used to investigate charge and spin transport in planar oxidized and passivated thin films. Surface recombination is shown to play an important role in determining the effective charge and spin diffusion lengths. The effect of an increase in the surface recombination velocity between the passivated and oxidized sample from 103 cm/s to 107 cm/s reduces the charge and spin diffusion lengths from 21 micron and 1. 3 micron, to 1. 2 micron and 0. 8 micron respectively
Girard, Jean-François. "Imagerie géoradar et modélisation des diffractions multiples". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2002/GIRARD_Jean-Francois_2002.pdf.
Texto completoGround Penetrating Radar is widely used to prospect the near surface with high frequency electromagnetic waves (F> 10 MHz). Imaging the dielectric contrasts in the first meters of the earth shows the changes in lithology, fracturation, or water content In these dielectric media the electric field induces a polarisation, which results in the distortion of the signal. Following precedent studies, we use a frequency power law for the electric susceptibility to model this dispersion effect. With such a sensibility to the different media and a resolution ranging from 5 centimeters to several decimeters, the strong heterogeneity of the near surface needs to be considered for an efficient data processing. For this reason, we developed a new modeling algorithm using the finite difference time domain scheme and proposed a modified recursive convolution scheme to include all type of dispersive properties. As boundary conditions, we implemented absorbing perfect match layers in an original way. We also studied the reflexion coefficients inside aeolian sand dunes and concluded that they can be explained by small variations in the water content. The analysis of the spectral ratio between signals at different offsets provides us with a new tool to estimate the dielectric permittivity. These data allow us to model more realistic synthetic cases. At last, we successfully used the same modeling program, but with time reversal, to propagate the recorded fields back to the source
Richard, Frédéric. "Modèles et analyses statistiques de l'image biomédicale". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00522704.
Texto completoMandar, Julie. "Développement du modèle de performances de SITELLE, spectromètre imageur à transformée de Fourier". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28679/28679.pdf.
Texto completoSITELLE is a new imaging Fourier transform spectrometer to be installed at the Canada-France- Hawaii Telescope. The development of its dedicated performance model drives the design of the instrument and the flow down of the science cases requirements into system requirements. First, the selected configuration with off-axis flat mirrors makes the achievement of a high efficiency in the near ultra violet easier. Secondly, servomechanism’s desirable performances were defined in order to design a photon noise limited instrument, based on a relevant scene. These performances should be maintained during a 4 hours data-cube acquisition, under operational vibrations and external effects such as wind gust hitting the telescope. Ultimately, this instrument performance model is the core of the signal to noise ratio simulator that will help observers to evaluate the potential benefits of SITELLE for their target.
Ouillon, Sylvain. "Modélisation mathématique de l'hydrodynamique à surface libre et du transport en suspension de sédiments non cohésifs : aide à l'interprétation d'images spatiales". Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT039H.
Texto completoTaron, Maxime. "Ecalage et modélisation de formes avec incertitudes : contributions et applications à la segmentation avec a priori statistique". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENPC0734.
Texto completoElkouhen, Mehdi. "Modélisation géométrique 4-D appliquée à l'animation". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13206.
Texto completoThe control on the shape and topology of animated objects is a complex problem. When representing objects by implicit surfaces, it is possible to create animations with topological changes. But handles or disconnected components can appear on the animated objects. When representing objects by cellular surfaces, creating this kind of effects is hard and requires strong designer interaction. We represent animations by 4-D objects; a movie is extracted from a 4-D object by displaying its slices by a set of hyper-planes. This way of representing animations permits to construct animations with topological changes but creates a new problem. For a given animation, how can the designer imagine a 4-D object that defines it and construct it? In this thesis, we studied the merging of two homeomorphic objects. We developed a set of tools that we integrated to the space-time modeller of animations STIGMA (Space-Time Interpolation for the Geometric Modelling of Animations). In the first part, we describe a new 4-D tool defined by a Bezier curve and a tool defined by a Bezier rectangular surface. By bending objects constructed using the 4-D extrusion operator, we construct the merging of two identical objects. We also explain how to control the path of the merging and the number of areas where the two objects merge
Giovangigli, Laure. "Modélisation mathématique pour l'imagerie membranaire". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077245.
Texto completoThis thesis introduces a mathematical framework for cell membrane imaging. It aims at exhibiting the fundamental mechanisms underlying the fact that effective biological tissue electrical properties and their frequency dependence reflect the tissue composition and physiology. The objectives are twofold : (i) to understand how the dependence of the effective electrical admittivity measures the complexity of the cellular organization of the tissue ; (ii) to develop electrical tissue property imaging approaches in order to improve differentiation of tissue pathologies. Mathematical and numerical models obtained in this thesis could be utilized in studying the disease status and in monitoring effectiveness of treatment in individuel patients. They may also find diagnostic applications in long term goal. We prove in a first part that admittance spectroscopy provides information about the microscopic structure of the medium and physiological and pathological conditions of the tissue. A homogenization theory is established to quantify the effective admittivity of a cell. We then propose an optimal control approach for imaging the admittivity distributions of biological tissues and prove its local convergence and stability. We consider the imaging of admittivity distributions from multi-frequency micro-electrical impedance tomography data. A third part provides a mathematical model for spatial distribution of membrane electrical potentiel changes by fluorescence diffuse optical tomography. The resolving power of the imaging method in presence of measurement noise is derived
Dolveck-Guilpart, Bénédicte. "Deux problèmes de représentation et d'identification d'un milieu à partir de sondages". Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20222.
Texto completoAl, Assad Omar. "Etude d’une méthodologie de modélisation et de commande d’un robot multiaxe pour une application en radiologie médicale". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112065.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis deals with the problem of the modeling and the control of poly-articulated robots used for medical imaging systems. The methodologies of modeling and the control issues are considered particularly in the case of the vibration reduction. This work proposes a bottom-up approach, where a monoaxis robot case a studied in order to address the theoretical issues and understand the solutions’ impact. Then, the concept is extended to cover the multiaxis robot case. The proposed modeling approach consists of modeling the robot gantry as well as the drive chains. Besides, modeling the drive chain irreversibilities and the structural and the structural flexibilities was considered so as to create a complete simulation environment of the medical robot. The developed robot models formed the base for the control laws development and validation. The study focused on the trajectories generation, the anticipation action, and the controller design. A considerable part of this work dedicated to the experimental validation of the elaborated models as well as the control laws validation
Pageot, Damien. "Imagerie de la lithosphère par inversion de formes d'ondes de données télésismiques". Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4109.
Texto completoThis thesis follows a recent movement link to the design of more and more denser seismological networks et allow to evolve lithospheric imaging toward high resolution tomography methods initially design in the Framework of seismic exploration. Bostock et al. (2001) are pioneers in this movement with their adaption of ray + Born migration method to teleseismic configurations and by applying this method to real teleseismic data form CASC93. During this thesis, I adapted a Full Waveform Inversion algorithm, design for seismic exploration, to teleseismic configurations. This adaptation leads me to integrate plane wave sources, a scattered wave field approach and obliquity of plane waves in the original algorithm. In the first part, I present the method to model propagation of seismic waves which is the core engine of the algorithm of Full Waveform Inversion, its adaptation to teleseismic configurations and finally the inverse problem. In the second part, I present a parametric analysis of Full Waveform inversion method adapted to teleseismic configurations to assess the potential of the method and spot the differences with the parameterizations recommended in seismic exploration. The third part concerns the application of the methods to real teleseismic data recorded by the seismological network MASE deployed for imaging the subduction of the Cocos plate below Mexico
Fillard, Pierre. "Riemannian processing of tensors for diffusion MRI and computational anatomy of the brain". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4002.
Texto completoLes matrices symétriques et définies positives, ou tenseurs, sont aujourd'hui fréquemment utilisées en traitement et analyse des images. Leur importance a été mise à jour avec l'apparition récente de l'IRM du tenseur de diffusion (ITD) et de l'anatomie algorithmique (AA). Cependant, il est difficile de travailler avec : la contrainte de positivité doit être satisfaite à tout prix, ce qui n'est pas garanti avec les opérations matricielles standard. Dans ce travail, nous proposons deux alternatives au calcul euclidien sur les tenseurs. Au lieu de voir l'espace des tenseurs comme un espace vectoriel, nous le considérons comme une variété, i. E. , un espace courbe et lisse. Grâce à la géométrie riemannienne, il est alors possible de " déplier " cet espace et de généraliser aux tenseurs toute opération avec des implémentations étonnamment simples. Dans un deuxième temps, nous passons en revue les applications de tels cadres de calcul en ITD clinique et en AA du cerveau. En ITD, nous montrons qu'il est possible de traiter de manière optimale des données très bruitées typiques d'acquisitions cliniques, et de produire des reconstructions de fibres plausibles. En AA du cerveau, nous montrons qu'en considérant des repères anatomiques simples - les lignes sulcales - il est possible de mesurer précisément la variabilité interindividuelle du cortex. Finalement, nous développons un cadre nouveau pour étudier les corrélations anatomiques entre régions du cerveau, et présentons des résultats jusqu'à maintenant inconnus de dépendances entre sillons symétriques, et entre sillons à priori non reliés, soulevant ainsi de nouvelles questions sur l'origine de telles dépendances statistiques
Marchesseau, Stéphanie. "Simulation de modèles personnalisés du coeur pour la prédiction de thérapies cardiaques". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00820082.
Texto completoTessier-Doyen, Nicolas. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du comportement thermomécanique de matériaux réfractaires modèles". Limoges, 2003. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6053bd07-6cc3-4e47-b2cd-93801a27e7b2/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0030.pdf.
Texto completoStroian, Gabriela Andreea. "Reconstruction d'images en tomographie par impédance électrique en utilisant une équation de type Lippmann-Schwinger". Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20050.
Texto completoFougerolle, Yohan. "Modélisation et reconstruction de surfaces par supershapes et R-fonctions". Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS041.
Texto completoThis dissertation deals with surface modeling and surface reconstruction using supershapes and R-functions. We introduce two implicit functions for the supershapes. We propose an extension of the geometric modeling literature with a constructive solid geometry based approach that combines supershapes and global deformations through r-functions. Supershapes and r-functions are applied to reconstruct surfaces of 3D real objects. Using the previously introduced modeling technique, we combine individually reconstructed supershapes to represent the surface of the complete object. We obtain an implicit equation that is used to define the reconstruction error
Dokladal, Petr. "Grey-scale image segmentation : a topological approach". Marne-la-Vallée, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MARN0065.
Texto completoMoreno, Roa Ramiro. "Simulations numériques vasculaires, spécifiques et réalistes". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/55/.
Texto completoThis work is a response to the queries raised by interventional medicine concerning the taking in charge of the wall's pathologies (aneurysm, dissection, coarctation, atherosclerosis). Indeed, clinicians are currently looking forward for a sufficiently robust and intuitive tool to forecast the consequences of therapeutic interventions. A numerical approach, in particular, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), can answer to the interrogations put forward by biomechanical functional imaging, provided it is integrated to both clinical routine and to technological development. The originality of this work is focused on the way how the position of the wall is set in the discrete field. The hemodynamic simulations carried out up to now can hardly describe the behaviour for the arterial wall. We propose to choose a non-coupled, fluid / structure model, which will impose at each time step of the CFD code, the position of the wall based on the dynamic medical imaging. A new MRI protocol is at the heart of the conditions imposed to the numerical calculations. The validation of this concept is averred through some in-vitro and in-vivo applications. A clinical study enabled to realise the feasibility in the case of patients having an Aortic Stent-Graft control. This research project intends to drive modern medicine towards a better knowledge of vascular pathologies and innovative technical means to handle them
Dubé, Julie. "Analyse de la reconstruction 3D par stéréo multivue dans l'optique des défis de l'appariement". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26248/26248.pdf.
Texto completoAcosta-Tamayo, Oscar Dario. "De la navigation exploratoire virtuelle à la planification d'interventions endovasculaires". Rennes 1, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007555v2.
Texto completoChemla, Sandrine. "A biophysical cortical column model for optical signal analysis". Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4004.
Texto completoVoltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) is a powerful modern neuroimaging technique whose application is expanding worldwide because it offers the possibility to monitor the neuronal activation of a large population with high spatial and temporal resolution. In this thesis, we investigate the biological sources of the voltage-sensitive dye signal (VSD signal), since this question remains unresolved in the literature. What does the voltage-sensitive dye imaging signal measures? This question is difficult to resolve at the physiological level as the signal is multi-component: The dye reflects the dynamics of the membrane potential of all membranes in the neuronal tissue, including all layers of the circuitry, all cell types (excitatory, inhibitory, glial) and all neuronal compartments (somas, axons, dendrites). To answer this question, we propose to use a biophysical cortical column model, at a mesoscopic scale, taking into account biological and electrical neural parameters of the laminar cortical structure. The model is based on a cortical microcircuit, whose synaptic connections are made between six specific populations of neurons, excitatory and inhibitory neurons in three main layers. Each neuron is represented by a reduced compartmental description with conductance-based Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model. The model is fed by a thalamic input with increasing activity, background activity and lateral connections. Isolated neurons and network behavior have been adjusted to fit data published in the literature. The so-calibrated model offers the possibility to compute the VSD signal with a linear formula. We validated the model by comparing the simulated and the measured VSD signal. Thanks to the compartmental construction of this model, we confirm and quantify the fact that the VSD signal is the result of an average from multiple components, with excitatory dendritic activity of superficial layers as the main contribution. It also suggests that inhibitory cells, spiking activity and deep layers are contributing differentially to the signal dependently on time and response strength. We conclude that the VSD signal has a dynamic multi-component origin and propose a new framework for interpreting VSD data
Choquet, Catherine. "Analyse de modèles d'écoulements en milieu poreux hétérogène". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF21392.
Texto completoMartel, Catherine. "Analyse géométrique et physique d'images d'observation de la terre : éléments d'hydrodynamique côtière". Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30107.
Texto completoGarcia, Christophe. "Un modèle connexionniste pour la vision stéréoscopique". Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10229.
Texto completoThibaud, Jean-Baptiste. "Propagation de la lumière en milieu aléatoire : fondements et limites de la description radiométrique : application à l'imagerie". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECAP0668.
Texto completoBOŁDAK, Cezary. "Extraction et caractérisation 3D des réseaux vasculaires en imagerie scanner multibarette : application aux réseaux des membres inférieurs et des coronaires". Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10092.
Texto completoAubert, Maëlle. "Caractérisation de l’état de surface des sols nus agricoles par imagerie radar TerraSAR-X". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0047.
Texto completoIn the context of sustainable development, soil and water resources management is a key issue from not only the environmental point of view, but also from a socioeconomic perspective. Soil moisture, roughness, composition, and slaking crusts are some key variables used to understand and model natural hazards, such as erosion, drought and floods. For agricultural bare soils (most subject to runoff), numerous studies have already shown the potential of C-band RADAR data for the mapping of soil moisture and roughness. However, the application of these methods in operational settings remained limited.In this context, the first objective of this thesis was to analyse the sensitivity of X-band TerraSAR-X sensors to soil surface characteristics (SSC) at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Different TerraSAR-X configurations were evaluated and results were used to define the optimal instrumental configuration for the characterization of each SSC parameter. The comparison of TerraSAR-X sensor sensitivity with equivalent levels recorded with the C-band sensor showed that the TerraSAR-X sensor is undoubtedly the most suitable of the two when estimating and mapping soil moisture at a fine scale (50 m²).The second objective of this work was to develop a method to estimate and map soil moisture levels of agricultural bare soil. To achieve this goal, methods that are commonly used to retrieve soil moisture from C-band, have been tested on X-band data. The accuracy of soil moisture estimations using an empirical algorithm was determined, and validated successfully over numerous study sites. A mapping process based uniquely on TerraSAR-X data, both for bare soil detection and for the estimation of soil moisture content, was developed. This innovative chain of « automatic and autonomous» mapping processing steps should enable the utilization of TerraSAR-X data for the mapping of soil moisture levels in operational conditions
Boulenguez, Pierre. "Caractérisation multispectrale imageante du champ de lumière de sources et de matériaux pour la photosimulation". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587367.
Texto completoGaudreault, Mathieu. "Modèles d’identification de tissu basés sur des images acquises avec un tomodensitomètre à double énergie pour des photons à faible énergie en curiethérapie". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25366.
Texto completoClinical Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) images provide the determination of the effective atomic number and the electronic density. The purpose of this study is to develop a new assessment model of tissues, named the reduced three elements tissue model, for dose calculations from DECT images in brachytherapy and compare it to a known identification method, assignment through the Mahalanobis distance. Both models are applied to DECT scans of the Gammex RMI 467 phantom and for a subset of 10 human tissues. Dose distributions are calculated from Monte Carlo simulations with a point source having the energy spectrum of 125I. The reduced three elements tissue model provides dose equivalence to reference tissues and is equivalent to the calculation of the Mahalanobis distance. The model constructed can be used as a scheme to assess tissues from DECT images for dose calculation.
Hostettler, Alexandre. "Modélisation et simulation patient-dépendante, préopératoire, prédictive, et temps-réel du mouvement des organes de l'abdomen induit par la respiration libre". Strasbourg 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13218.
Texto completoThe aim of this PhD thesis is to model and simulate in real-time the viscera motion during free breathing using a 3D CT acquisition. Indeed, many medical applications (radiotherapy) do not compensate variations in organ position and lead potentially to ill adapted treatments. We use a deformation field computed from the knowledge of the skin position (optical tracking) and a patient specific modelling of the diaphragm (from 3D CT acquisitions in inhale and exhale position). Viscera are assimilated to a single incompressible entity sliding along the peritonea and the pleurae. The originality of the method is to take the cranio-caudal viscera motion into account, as well as the anteroposterior and lateral motion due to the asymmetry of the motion. The new viscera position is computed at 50 Hz, and its accuracy has been evaluated on two patients within 2 and 3 mm