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Ye, Bei, Shufang Tian, Qiuming Cheng y Yunzhao Ge. "Application of Lithological Mapping Based on Advanced Hyperspectral Imager (AHSI) Imagery Onboard Gaofen-5 (GF-5) Satellite". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 23 (6 de diciembre de 2020): 3990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12233990.
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The Advanced Hyperspectral Imager (AHSI), carried by the Gaofen-5 (GF-5) satellite, is the first hyperspectral sensor that simultaneously offers broad coverage and a broad spectrum. Meanwhile, deep-learning-based approaches are emerging to manage the growing volume of data produced by satellites. However, the application potential of GF-5 AHSI imagery in lithological mapping using deep-learning-based methods is currently unknown. This paper assessed GF-5 AHSI imagery for lithological mapping in comparison with Shortwave Infrared Airborne Spectrographic Imager (SASI) data. A multi-scale 3D deep convolutional neural network (M3D-DCNN), a hybrid spectral CNN (HybridSN), and a spectral–spatial unified network (SSUN) were selected to verify the applicability and stability of deep-learning-based methods through comparison with support vector machine (SVM) based on six datasets constructed by GF-5 AHSI, Sentinel-2A, and SASI imagery. The results show that all methods produce classification results with accuracy greater than 90% on all datasets, and M3D-DCNN is both more accurate and more stable. It can produce especially encouraging results by just using the short-wave infrared wavelength subset (SWIR bands) of GF-5 AHSI data. Accordingly, GF-5 AHSI imagery could provide impressive results and its SWIR bands have a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which meets the requirements of large-scale and large-area lithological mapping. And M3D-DCNN method is recommended for use in lithological mapping based on GF-5 AHSI hyperspectral data.
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Krupiński, Michał, Anna Wawrzaszek, Wojciech Drzewiecki, Małgorzata Jenerowicz y Sebastian Aleksandrowicz. "What Can Multifractal Analysis Tell Us about Hyperspectral Imagery?" Remote Sensing 12, n.º 24 (12 de diciembre de 2020): 4077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244077.
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Hyperspectral images provide complex information about the Earth’s surface due to their very high spectral resolution (hundreds of spectral bands per pixel). Effective processing of such a large amount of data requires dedicated analysis methods. Therefore, this research applies, for the first time, the degree of multifractality to the global description of all spectral bands of Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data. Subsets of four hyperspectral images, presenting four landscape types, are analysed. In particular, we verify whether multifractality can be detected in all spectral bands. Furthermore, we analyse variability in multifractality as a function of wavelength, for data before and after atmospheric correction. We try to identify absorption bands and discuss whether multifractal parameters provide additional value or can help in the problem of dimensionality reduction in hyperspectral data or landscape type classification.
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Seydi, S. T. y M. Hasanlou. "LAND COVER CHANGE DETECTION BASED ON GENETICALLY FEATURE AELECTION AND IMAGE ALGEBRA USING HYPERION HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (11 de diciembre de 2015): 669–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-669-2015.
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The Earth has always been under the influence of population growth and human activities. This process causes the changes in land use. Thus, for optimal management of the use of resources, it is necessary to be aware of these changes. Satellite remote sensing has several advantages for monitoring land use/cover resources, especially for large geographic areas. Change detection and attribution of cultivation area over time present additional challenges for correctly analyzing remote sensing imagery. In this regards, for better identifying change in multi temporal images we use hyperspectral images. Hyperspectral images due to high spectral resolution created special placed in many of field. Nevertheless, selecting suitable and adequate features/bands from this data is crucial for any analysis and especially for the change detection algorithms. This research aims to automatically feature selection for detect land use changes are introduced. In this study, the optimal band images using hyperspectral sensor using Hyperion hyperspectral images by using genetic algorithms and Ratio bands, we select the optimal band. In addition, the results reveal the superiority of the implemented method to extract change map with overall accuracy by a margin of nearly 79% using multi temporal hyperspectral imagery.
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Qin, Jinchun, Hongrui Zhao y Bing Liu. "Self-Supervised Denoising for Real Satellite Hyperspectral Imagery". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 13 (27 de junio de 2022): 3083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14133083.
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Satellite hyperspectral remote sensing has gradually become an important means of Earth observation, but the existence of various types of noise seriously limits the application value of satellite hyperspectral images. With the continuous development of deep learning technology, breakthroughs have been made in improving hyperspectral image denoising algorithms based on supervised learning; however, these methods usually require a large number of clean/noisy training pairs, a target that is difficult to meet for real satellite hyperspectral imagery. In this paper, we propose a self-supervised learning-based algorithm, 3S-HSID, for denoising real satellite hyperspectral images without requiring external data support. The 3S-HSID framework can perform robust denoising of a single satellite hyperspectral image in all bands simultaneously. It first conducts a Bernoulli sampling of the input data, then uses the Bernoulli sampling results to construct the training pairs. Furthermore, the global spectral consistency and minimum local variance are used in the loss function to train the network. We use the training model to predict different Bernoulli sampling results, and the average of multiple predicted values is used as the denoising result. To prevent overfitting, we adopt a dropout strategy during training and testing. The results of denoising experiments on the simulated hyperspectral data show that the denoising performance of 3S-HSID is better than most state-of-the-art algorithms, especially in terms of maintaining the spectral characteristics of hyperspectral images. The denoising results for different types of real satellite hyperspectral data also demonstrate the reliability of the proposed method. The 3S-HSID framework provides a new technical means for real satellite hyperspectral image preprocessing.
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Jiang, Guo, Shuguang Zhou, Shichao Cui, Tao Chen, Jinlin Wang, Xi Chen, Shibin Liao y Kefa Zhou. "Exploring the Potential of HySpex Hyperspectral Imagery for Extraction of Copper Content". Sensors 20, n.º 21 (6 de noviembre de 2020): 6325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216325.
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Detritus geochemical information has been proven through research to be an effective prospecting method in mineral exploration. However, the traditional detritus metal content monitoring methods based on field sampling and laboratory chemical analysis are time-consuming and may not meet the requirements of large-scale metal content monitoring. In this study, we obtained 95 detritus samples and seven HySpex hyperspectral imagery scenes with a spatial resolution of 1 m from Karatag Gobi area, Xinjiang, China, and used partial least squares and wavebands selection methods to explore the usefulness of super-low-altitude HySpex hyperspectral images in estimating detritus feasibility and effectiveness of Cu element content. The results show that: (1) among all the inversion models of transformed spectra, power-logarithm transformation spectrum was the optimal prediction model (coefficient of determination(R2) = 0.586, mean absolute error(MAE) = 21.405); (2) compared to the genetic algorithm (GA) and continuous projection algorithm (SPA), the competitive weighted resampling algorithm (CARS) was the optimal feature band-screening method. The R2 of the inversion model was constructed based on the characteristic bands selected by CARS reaching 0.734, which was higher than that of GA (0.519) and SPA (0.691), and the MAE (19.926) was the lowest. Only 20 bands were used in the model construction, which is lower than that of GA (105) and SPA (42); (3) The power-logarithm transforms, and CARS combined with the model of HySpex hyperspectral images and the Cu content distribution in the study area were obtained, consistent with the actual survey results on the ground. Our results prove that the method incorporating the HySpex hyperspectral data to invert copper content in detritus is feasible and effective, and provides data and a reference method for obtaining geochemical element distribution in a large area and for reducing key areas of geological exploration in the future.
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Vangi, Elia, Giovanni D’Amico, Saverio Francini, Francesca Giannetti, Bruno Lasserre, Marco Marchetti y Gherardo Chirici. "The New Hyperspectral Satellite PRISMA: Imagery for Forest Types Discrimination". Sensors 21, n.º 4 (8 de febrero de 2021): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041182.
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Different forest types based on different tree species composition may have similar spectral signatures if observed with traditional multispectral satellite sensors. Hyperspectral imagery, with a more continuous representation of their spectral behavior may instead be used for their classification. The new hyperspectral Precursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) sensor, developed by the Italian Space Agency, is able to capture images in a continuum of 240 spectral bands ranging between 400 and 2500 nm, with a spectral resolution smaller than 12 nm. The new sensor can be employed for a large number of remote sensing applications, including forest types discrimination. In this study, we compared the capabilities of the new PRISMA sensor against the well-known Sentinel-2 Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI) in recognition of different forest types through a pairwise separability analysis carried out in two study areas in Italy, using two different nomenclature systems and four separability metrics. The PRISMA hyperspectral sensor, compared to Sentinel-2 MSI, allowed for a better discrimination in all forest types, increasing the performance when the complexity of the nomenclature system also increased. PRISMA achieved an average improvement of 40% for the discrimination between two forest categories (coniferous vs. broadleaves) and of 102% in the discrimination between five forest types based on main tree species groups.
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Olsoy, P. J., S. N. Barrett, B. C. Robb, J. S. Forbey, T. T. Caughlin, M. D. Blocker, C. Merriman et al. "SCALING UP SAGEBRUSH CHEMISTRY WITH NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND UAS-ACQUIRED HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY". International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-3-2021 (10 de agosto de 2021): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-3-2021-127-2021.
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Abstract. Sagebrush ecosystems (Artemisia spp.) face many threats including large wildfires and conversion to invasive annuals, and thus are the focus of intense restoration efforts across the western United States. Specific attention has been given to restoration of sagebrush systems for threatened herbivores, such as Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis), reliant on sagebrush as forage. Despite this, plant chemistry (e.g., crude protein, monoterpenes and phenolics) is rarely considered during reseeding efforts or when deciding which areas to conserve. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has proven effective in predicting plant chemistry under laboratory conditions in a variety of ecosystems, including the sagebrush steppe. Our objectives were to demonstrate the scalability of these models from the laboratory to the field, and in the air with a hyperspectral sensor on an unoccupied aerial system (UAS). Sagebrush leaf samples were collected at a study site in eastern Idaho, USA. Plants were scanned with an ASD FieldSpec 4 spectroradiometer in the field and laboratory, and a subset of the same plants were imaged with a SteadiDrone Hexacopter UAS equipped with a Rikola hyperspectral sensor (HSI). All three sensors generated spectral patterns that were distinct among species and morphotypes of sagebrush at specific wavelengths. Lab-based NIRS was accurate for predicting crude protein and total monoterpenes (R2 = 0.7–0.8), but the same NIRS sensor in the field was unable to predict either crude protein or total monoterpenes (R2 < 0.1). The hyperspectral sensor on the UAS was unable to predict most chemicals (R2 < 0.2), likely due to a combination of too few bands in the Rikola HSI camera (16 bands), the range of wavelengths (500–900 nm), and small sample size of overlapping plants (n = 28–60). These results show both the potential for scaling NIRS from the lab to the field and the challenges in predicting complex plant chemistry with hyperspectral UAS. We conclude with recommendations for next steps in applying UAS to sagebrush ecosystems with a variety of new sensors.
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Shaik, Riyaaz Uddien, Shoba Periasamy y Weiping Zeng. "Potential Assessment of PRISMA Hyperspectral Imagery for Remote Sensing Applications". Remote Sensing 15, n.º 5 (28 de febrero de 2023): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15051378.
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Hyperspectral imagery plays a vital role in precision agriculture, forestry, environment, and geological applications. Over the past decade, extensive research has been carried out in the field of hyperspectral remote sensing. First introduced by the Italian Space Agency ASI in 2019, space-borne PRISMA hyperspectral imagery (PHSI) is taking the hyperspectral remote sensing research community into the next era due to its unprecedented spectral resolution of ≤12 nm. Given these abundant free data and high spatial resolution, it is crucial to provide remote sensing researchers with information about the critical attributes of PRISMA imagery, making it the most viable solution for various land and water applications. Hence, in the present study, a SWOT analysis was performed for PHSI using recent case studies to exploit the potential of PHSI for different remote sensing applications, such as snow, soil, water, natural gas, and vegetation. From this analysis, it was found that the higher reflectance spectra of PHSI, which have comprehensive coverage, have greater potential to extract vegetation biophysical parameters compared to other applications. Though the possible use of these data was demonstrated in a few other applications, such as the identification of methane gases and soil mineral mapping, the data may not be suitable for continuous monitoring due to their limited acquisition, long revisiting times, noisy bands, atmospheric interferences, and computationally heavy processing, particularly when executing machine learning models. The potential applications of PHSI include large-scale and efficient mapping, transferring technology, and fusion with other remote sensing data, whereas the lifetime of satellites and the need for interdisciplinary personnel pose challenges. Furthermore, some strategies to overcome the aforementioned weaknesses and threats are described in our conclusions.
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Deng, Chubo, Yi Cen y Lifu Zhang. "Learning-Based Hyperspectral Imagery Compression through Generative Neural Networks". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 21 (8 de noviembre de 2020): 3657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213657.
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Hyperspectral images (HSIs), which obtain abundant spectral information for narrow spectral bands (no wider than 10 nm), have greatly improved our ability to qualitatively and quantitatively sense the Earth. Since HSIs are collected by high-resolution instruments over a very large number of wavelengths, the data generated by such sensors is enormous, and the amount of data continues to grow, HSI compression technique will play more crucial role in this trend. The classical method for HSI compression is through compression and reconstruction methods such as three-dimensional wavelet-based techniques or the principle component analysis (PCA) transform. In this paper, we provide an alternative approach for HSI compression via a generative neural network (GNN), which learns the probability distribution of the real data from a random latent code. This is achieved by defining a family of densities and finding the one minimizing the distance between this family and the real data distribution. Then, the well-trained neural network is a representation of the HSI, and the compression ratio is determined by the complexity of the GNN. Moreover, the latent code can be encrypted by embedding a digit with a random distribution, which makes the code confidential. Experimental examples are presented to demonstrate the potential of the GNN to solve image compression problems in the field of HSI. Compared with other algorithms, it has better performance at high compression ratio, and there is still much room left for improvements along with the fast development of deep-learning techniques.
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Chen, Nian, Kezhong Lu y Hao Zhou. "A Search Method for Optimal Band Combination of Hyperspectral Imagery Based on Two Layers Selection Strategy". Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2021 (22 de junio de 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5592323.
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A band selection method based on two layers selection (TLS) strategy, which forms an optimal subset from all-bands set to reconstitute the original hyperspectral imagery (HSI) and aims to cost a fewer bands for better performances, is proposed in this paper. As its name implies, TLS picks out the bands with low correlation and a large amount of information into the target set to reach dimensionality reduction for HSI via two phases. Specifically, the fast density peaks clustering (FDPC) algorithm is used to select the most representative node in each cluster to build a candidate set at first. During the implementation, we normalize the local density and relative distance and utilize the dynamic cutoff distance to weaken the influence of density so that the selection is more likely to be carried out in scattered clusters than in high-density ones. After that, we conduct a further selection in the candidate set using mRMR strategy and comprehensive measurement of information (CMI), and the eventual winners will be selected into the target set. Compared with other six state-of-the-art unsupervised algorithms on three real-world HSI data sets, the results show that TLS can group the bands with lower correlation and richer information and has obvious advantages in indicators of overall accuracy (OA), average accuracy (AA), and Kappa coefficient.
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Gao, Bo-Cai y Rong-Rong Li. "Correction of Sunglint Effects in High Spatial Resolution Hyperspectral Imagery Using SWIR or NIR Bands and Taking Account of Spectral Variation of Refractive Index of Water". Advances in Environmental and Engineering Research 02, n.º 03 (26 de abril de 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/aeer.2103017.
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Passive high spatial resolution hyperspectral and multispectral imaging systems in the solar spectral region from aircraft and satellite platforms are being increasingly used for remote sensing of coastal waters and inland lakes. However, the remotely sensed data are often contaminated by the specular reflection of solar radiation at the air/water interface. Thus, the effects of sunglint need to be corrected. The purpose of sunglint correction is to remove the undesired specular reflected portion of radiance that does not carry any information about the water body and its bottom surface properties and to obtain the water-leaving radiance from the measured total radiance. In general, adequate treatment of the spectral variation of the sunglint effect with due consideration of the physics and the spectroscopy principles has not been done in previously reported hyperspectral sunglint removing techniques. In this study, a practical sunglint removing technique using either a shortwave infrared (SWIR) band or a near-infrared (NIR) band has been developed, where the liquid water absorption is sufficiently large, and the water-leaving radiance (in units of reflectance) is negligible. In the proposed method, proper consideration has been taken for the spectral Fresnel reflection in the wavelength range of 0.35–2.5 mm. Four cases of sunglint removal from hyperspectral imaging data acquired from two airborne imaging spectrometers have been presented.
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Jia, Wen, Yong Pang, Riccardo Tortini, Daniel Schläpfer, Zengyuan Li y Jean-Louis Roujean. "A Kernel-Driven BRDF Approach to Correct Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery over Forested Areas with Rugged Topography". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 3 (29 de enero de 2020): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030432.
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Airborne hyper-spectral imaging has been proven to be an efficient means to provide new insights for the retrieval of biophysical variables. However, quantitative estimates of unbiased information derived from airborne hyperspectral measurements primarily require a correction of the anisotropic scattering properties of the land surface depicted by the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). Hitherto, angular BRDF correction methods rarely combined viewing-illumination geometry and topographic information to achieve a comprehensive understanding and quantification of the BRDF effects. This is in particular the case for forested areas, frequently underlaid by rugged topography. This paper describes a method to correct the BRDF effects of airborne hyperspectral imagery over forested areas overlying rugged topography, referred in the reminder of the paper as rugged topography-BRDF (RT-BRDF) correction. The local viewing and illumination geometry are calculated for each pixel based on the characteristics of the airborne scanner and the local topography, and these two variables are used to adapt the Ross-Thick-Maignan and Li-Transit-Reciprocal kernels in the case of rugged topography. The new BRDF model is fitted to the anisotropy of multi-line airborne hyperspectral data. The number of pixels is set at 35,000 in this study, based on a stratified random sampling method to ensure a comprehensive coverage of the viewing and illumination angles and to minimize the fitting error of the BRDF model for all bands. Based on multi-line airborne hyperspectral data acquired with the Chinese Academy of Forestry’s LiDAR, CCD, and Hyperspectral system (CAF-LiCHy) in the Pu’er region (China), the results applying the RT-BRDF correction are compared with results from current empirical (C, and sun-canopy-sensor (SCS) adds C (SCS+C)) and semi-physical (SCS) topographic correction methods. Both quantitative assessment and visual inspection indicate that RT-BRDF, C, and SCS+C correction methods all reduce the topographic effects. However, the RT-BRDF method appears more efficient in reducing the variability in reflectance of overlapping areas in multiple flight-lines, with the advantage of reducing the BRDF effects caused by the combination of wide field of view (FOV) airborne scanner, rugged topography, and varying solar illumination angle over long flight time. Specifically, the average decrease in coefficient of variation (CV) is 3% and 3.5% for coniferous forest and broadleaved forest, respectively. This improvement is particularly marked in the near infrared (NIR) region (i.e., >750 nm). This finding opens new possible applications of airborne hyperspectral surveys over large areas.
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López, Josué, Deni Torres, Stewart Santos y Clement Atzberger. "Spectral Imagery Tensor Decomposition for Semantic Segmentation of Remote Sensing Data through Fully Convolutional Networks". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 3 (5 de febrero de 2020): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030517.
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This work aims at addressing two issues simultaneously: data compression at input space and semantic segmentation. Semantic segmentation of remotely sensed multi- or hyperspectral images through deep learning (DL) artificial neural networks (ANN) delivers as output the corresponding matrix of pixels classified elementwise, achieving competitive performance metrics. With technological progress, current remote sensing (RS) sensors have more spectral bands and higher spatial resolution than before, which means a greater number of pixels in the same area. Nevertheless, the more spectral bands and the greater number of pixels, the higher the computational complexity and the longer the processing times. Therefore, without dimensionality reduction, the classification task is challenging, particularly if large areas have to be processed. To solve this problem, our approach maps an RS-image or third-order tensor into a core tensor, representative of our input image, with the same spatial domain but with a lower number of new tensor bands using a Tucker decomposition (TKD). Then, a new input space with reduced dimensionality is built. To find the core tensor, the higher-order orthogonal iteration (HOOI) algorithm is used. A fully convolutional network (FCN) is employed afterwards to classify at the pixel domain, each core tensor. The whole framework, called here HOOI-FCN, achieves high performance metrics competitive with some RS-multispectral images (MSI) semantic segmentation state-of-the-art methods, while significantly reducing computational complexity, and thereby, processing time. We used a Sentinel-2 image data set from Central Europe as a case study, for which our framework outperformed other methods (included the FCN itself) with average pixel accuracy (PA) of 90% (computational time ∼90s) and nine spectral bands, achieving a higher average PA of 91.97% (computational time ∼36.5s), and average PA of 91.56% (computational time ∼9.5s) for seven and five new tensor bands, respectively.
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Gaffney, Rowan, David J. Augustine, Sean P. Kearney y Lauren M. Porensky. "Using Hyperspectral Imagery to Characterize Rangeland Vegetation Composition at Process-Relevant Scales". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 22 (16 de noviembre de 2021): 4603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13224603.
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Rangelands are composed of patchy, highly dynamic herbaceous plant communities that are difficult to quantify across broad spatial extents at resolutions relevant to their characteristic spatial scales. Furthermore, differentiation of these plant communities using remotely sensed observations is complicated by their similar spectral absorption profiles. To better quantify the impacts of land management and weather variability on rangeland vegetation change, we analyzed high resolution hyperspectral data produced by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) at a 6500-ha experimental station (Central Plains Experimental Range) to map vegetation composition and change over a 5-year timescale. The spatial resolution (1 m) of the data was able to resolve the plant community type at a suitable scale and the information-rich spectral resolution (426 bands) was able to differentiate closely related plant community classes. The resulting plant community class map showed strong accuracy results from both formal quantitative measurements (F1 75% and Kappa 0.83) and informal qualitative assessments. Over a 5-year period, we found that plant community composition was impacted more strongly by weather than by the rangeland management regime. Our work displays the potential to map plant community classes across extensive areas of herbaceous vegetation and use resultant maps to inform rangeland ecology and management. Critical to the success of the research was the development of computational methods that allowed us to implement efficient and flexible analyses on the large and complex data.
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Raya-Sereno, María D., J. Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio, María Alonso-Ayuso, Francelino A. Rodrigues, Arlet A. Rodríguez, Lorena González-Perez y Miguel Quemada. "High-Resolution Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery for Assessing Yield, Biomass, Grain N Concentration, and N Output in Spring Wheat". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 7 (2 de abril de 2021): 1373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13071373.
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Remote sensing allows fast assessment of crop monitoring over large areas; however, questions regarding uncertainty in crop parameter prediction and application to nitrogen (N) fertilization remain open. The objective of this study was to optimize of remote sensing spectral information for its application to grain yield (GY), biomass, grain N concentration (GNC), and N output assessment, and decision making on spring wheat fertilization. Spring wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) field experiments testing two tillage treatments, two irrigation levels and six N treatments were conducted in Northwest Mexico over four consecutive years. Hyperspectral images were acquired through 27 airborne flight campaigns. At harvest, GY, biomass, GNC and N output were determined. Spectral exploratory analysis was used to identify the best wavelength combinations, the most suitable vegetation indices (VIs) and the best growth stages to assess the agronomic variables. The relationship between the spectral information and the agronomic measurements was evaluated by the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE). The ability of the indices to guide fertilizer recommendation was assessed through an error analysis based on the N sufficiency index. GY was better assessed from the end of flowering to the early milk stage by VIs based on the combination of bands from near infrared radiation/visible and from near infrared radiation/red-edge regions (R2 > 0.6; RMSE < 700 kg ha−1). N output was efficiently assessed by a combination of bands from near infrared radiation/red-edge at booting (R2 > 0.7; RMSE < 9 kg N ha−1). The GNC was better estimated by VIs combining bands in near infrared radiation/red-edge at early milk, but with great variability among the years studied. Some VIs were promising for guiding fertilizer recommendation for increasing GNC, but there was not a single index providing reliable recommendations every year. This study highlights the potential of remote sensing imagery to assess GY and N output in spring wheat, but the identification of GNC responsive sites needs to be improved.
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Xu, Zhengyuan, Shengbo Chen, Bingxue Zhu, Liwen Chen, Yinghui Ye y Peng Lu. "Evaluating the Capability of Satellite Hyperspectral Imager, the ZY1–02D, for Topsoil Nitrogen Content Estimation and Mapping of Farmlands in Black Soil Area, China". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 4 (18 de febrero de 2022): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14041008.
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Soil nitrogen (N) content plays a vital role in agriculture and biogeochemical processes, ranging from the N fertilization management for intensive agricultural production to the patterns of N cycling in agroecological systems. While proximal sensing in laboratory settings can achieve ideal soil N estimation accuracy, the estimation and mapping by using remote sensing methods in a large spatial scale diplays low ability. A new hyperspectral imager with 166 spectral channels, the ZY1-02D, makes possible the detection of subtle but important spectral features of soil. This study aimed at exploring the capability of the ZY1-02D to estimate and map the topsoil N content of the black soil-covered farmlands in northeast China. To this aim, 646 soil samples from study sites were collected, processed, spectrally and geochemically measured for the soil N sensitive bands detection and partial least squares regression (PLSR) calibration and validation. The sensitive bands detection results showed an appealing regularity of the variability and stable tendency of the soil N sensitive spectral bands with the change of the sample size. Based on this, we compared the estimation capacity of the models developed with the full wavelength spectra and the models developed with the sensitive bands. The estimation based on ZY1-02D full wavelength spectral reflectance were robust, with R2 of 0.64 in validation. Further, the results of model developed with the sensitive bands showed better validation accuracy with R2 of 0.66 and were applied to create a map of topsoil N content of farmlands in the northeast China black soil area. The results demonstrated that sensitive bands modelling could enhance the accuracy of the estimation and simplify model, and what is more, showed the ideal capability of ZY1-02D for soil N content estimation at the regional scale.
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Jeevanand, N., P. A. Verma y S. Saran. "FUSION OF HYPERSPECTRAL AND MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY WITH REGRESSION KRIGING AND THE LULU OPERATORS; A COMPARISON". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5 (19 de noviembre de 2018): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-583-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> In this digital world, there is a large requirement of high resolution satellite image. Images at a low resolution may contain relevant information that has to be integrated with the high resolution image to obtain the required information. This is being fulfilled by image fusion. Image fusion is merging of different resolution images into a single image. The output image contains more information, as the information is integrated from both the images Image fusion was conducted with two different algorithms: regression kriging and the LULU operators. First, regression Kriging estimates the value of a dependent variable at unsampled location with the help of auxiliary variables. Here we used regression Kriging with the Hyperion image band as the response variables and the LISS III image bands are the explanatory variables. The fused image thus has the spectral variables from Hyperion image and the spatial variables from the LISS III image. Second, the LULU operator is an image processing methods that can be used as well in image fusion technique. Here we explored to fuse the Hyperion and LISS III image. The LULU operators work in three stages of the process, viz the decomposition stage, the fusion and the reconstruction stage. Quality aspects of the fused image for both techniques have been compared for spectral quality (correlation) and spatial quality (entropy). The study concludes that the quality of the fused image obtained with regression kriging is better than that obtained with the LULU operator.</p>
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Olivetti, Diogo, Henrique Roig, Jean-Michel Martinez, Henrique Borges, Alexandre Ferreira, Raphael Casari, Leandro Salles y Edio Malta. "Low-Cost Unmanned Aerial Multispectral Imagery for Siltation Monitoring in Reservoirs". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 11 (8 de junio de 2020): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111855.
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The recent and continuous development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and small cameras with different spectral resolutions and imaging systems promotes new remote sensing platforms that can supply ultra-high spatial and temporal resolution, filling the gap between ground-based surveys and orbital sensors. This work aimed to monitor siltation in two large rural and urban reservoirs by recording water color variations within a savanna biome in the central region of Brazil using a low cost and very light unmanned platform. Airborne surveys were conducted using a Parrot Sequoia camera (~0.15 kg) onboard a DJI Phantom 4 UAV (~1.4 kg) during dry and rainy seasons over inlet areas of both reservoirs. Field measurements of total suspended solids (TSS) and water clarity were made jointly with the airborne survey campaigns. Field hyperspectral radiometry data were also collected during two field surveys. Bio-optical models for TSS were tested for all spectral bands of the Sequoia camera. The near-infrared single band was found to perform the best (R2: 0.94; RMSE: 7.8 mg L−1) for a 0–180 mg L−1 TSS range and was used to produce time series of TSS concentration maps of the study areas. This flexible platform enabled monitoring of the increase of TSS concentration at a ~13 cm spatial resolution in urban and rural drainages in the rainy season. Aerial surveys allowed us to map TSS load fluctuations in a 1 week period during which no satellite images were available due to continuous cloud coverage in the rainy season. This work demonstrates that a low-cost configuration allows dense TSS monitoring at the inlet areas of reservoirs and thus enables mapping of the sources of sediment inputs, supporting the definition of mitigation plans to limit the siltation process.
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Bergmüller, Kai O. y Mark C. Vanderwel. "Predicting Tree Mortality Using Spectral Indices Derived from Multispectral UAV Imagery". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 9 (4 de mayo de 2022): 2195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092195.
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Past research has shown that remotely sensed spectral information can be used to predict tree health and vitality. Recent developments in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have now made it possible to derive such information at the tree and stand scale from high-resolution imagery. We used visible and multispectral bands from UAV imagery to calculate a set of spectral indices for 52,845 individual tree crowns within 38 forest stands in western Canada. We then used those indices to predict the mortality of these canopy trees over the following year. We evaluated whether including multispectral indices leads to more accurate predictions than indices derived from visible wavelengths alone and how the performance varies among three different tree species (Picea glauca, Pinus contorta, Populus tremuloides). Our results show that spectral information can be effectively used to predict tree mortality, with a random forest model producing a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 89.8% and a balanced accuracy of 83.3%. The exclusion of multispectral indices worsened the model performance, but only slightly (AUC = 87.9%, balanced accuracy = 81.8%). We found variation in model performance among species, with higher accuracy for the broadleaf species (balanced accuracy = 85.2%) than the two conifer species (balanced accuracy = 73.3% and 77.8%). However, all models overpredicted tree mortality by a major degree, which limits the use for tree mortality predictions on an individual level. Further improvements such as long-term monitoring, the use of hyperspectral data and cost-sensitive learning algorithms, and training the model with a larger and more balanced data set are necessary. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate that imagery from UAVs has strong potential for predicting annual mortality for individual canopy trees.
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Naicker, Rowan, Onisimo Mutanga, Kabir Peerbhay y Omosalewa Odebiri. "Estimating high-density aboveground biomass within a complex tropical grassland using Worldview-3 imagery". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 196, n.º 4 (15 de marzo de 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-024-12476-7.
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AbstractA large percentage of native grassland ecosystems have been severely degraded as a result of urbanization and intensive commercial agriculture. Extensive nitrogen-based fertilization regimes are widely used to rehabilitate and boost productivity in these grasslands. As a result, modern management frameworks rely heavily on detailed and accurate information on vegetation condition to monitor the success of these interventions. However, in high-density environments, biomass signal saturation has hampered detailed monitoring of rangeland condition. This issue stems from traditional broad-band vegetation indices (such as NDVI) responding to high levels of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorption by leaf chlorophyll, which affects leaf area index (LAI) sensitivity within densely vegetative regions. Whilst alternate hyperspectral solutions may alleviate the problem to a certain degree, they are often too costly and not readily available within developing regions. To this end, this study evaluated the use of high-resolution Worldview-3 imagery in combination with modified NDVI indices and image manipulation techniques in reducing the effects of biomass signal saturation within a complex tropical grassland. Using the random forest algorithm, several modified NDVI-type indices were developed from all potential dual-band combinations of the Worldview-3 image. Thereafter, linear contrast stretching and histogram equalization were implemented in conjunction with Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to improve high-density biomass estimation. Results demonstrated that both contrast enhancement techniques, when combined with SVD, improved high-density biomass estimation. However, linear contrast stretching, SVD, and modified NDVI indices developed from the red (630–690 nm), green (510–580 nm), and near-infrared 1 (770–895 nm) bands were found to produce the best biomass predictive model (R2 = 0.71, RMSE = 0.40 kg/m2). The results generated from this research offer a means to alleviate the biomass saturation problem. This framework provides a platform to assist rangeland managers in regionally assessing changes in vegetation condition within high-density grasslands.