Tesis sobre el tema "Imagerie en champ lumineux"
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Proust, Clément. "Vers un modèle unifié pour l'affichage autostéréoscopique d'images". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8961.
Texto completoHerzog, Charlotte. "imagerie plénoptique : de la lumière visible aux rayons X". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0116.
Texto completoPlenoptic imaging is a technique that acquires spatial and angular information of the light rays incoming from a scene. After a single acquisition, numerical data treatment allows image manipulation such as synthetic aperture, changing viewpoint, refocusing at different depths, and consequently 3D reconstruction of the scene. Visible plenoptic has been widely studied. However, transposition from visible to X-rays has never been done and remains challenging. X-ray plenoptic would be beneficial to the X-ray imaging panorama. A single acquisition should be sufficient to reconstruct a volume, against 1000’s for X-ray tomography that is the today reference in 3D X-ray imaging.In this thesis, we consider plenoptic camera composed of a main lens, a microlens array and a detector. So far, two different configurations have been developed: the traditional and the focused plenoptic setups. Although these configurations are usually studied separately, they only differ by the distances between the optical elements. These two configurations were studied in detail to choose the most suitable for X-ray imaging, considering the constraints of X-ray optics. We observed a full continuity between the two systems. Therefore, we extended the previous work to more general formulas about optical configuration and theoretical resolutions. Theory about resolution along the depth axis was refined, as depth reconstruction and extraction are the main interest of X-ray plenoptic. Specific study was done on the evolution of contrast along depth as being a key parameter for depth reconstruction. We realized that contrast decreases when moving away from a privileged depth. This is important to consider as it can affect image reconstruction and quality of depth extraction.We also worked on refocusing algorithms. The refocusing algorithms are usually developed for each configuration separately. We worked to go beyond this separation. We developed a new algorithm valid for any configurations. Moreover, our algorithm is based on real distances between the optical elements, allowing generating images at any distances from the plenoptic camera. We defined a new parameterization between object and image spaces. Using geometrical optics, we calculated the matrix transformation between the two spaces. This allows back-projecting data from the acquired raw image to the object space, and reconstructing the pixels one by one, until the whole object. With this algorithm, we were able to simulate the process of image acquisition, and create synthetic plenoptic data. Reconstruction of these data was used to quantify the accuracy of the novel algorithm and prove its consistency.The refocusing algorithm allows reconstructing the depth planes one by one. Each refocused plane contains information about the whole 3D scene that has to be disentangled. The elements physically present at the refocused depth are intrinsically sharp, whereas the ones located at other depths are blurred. We used this contrast property to extract depth from the refocused images. We tested several existing methods derived from the field of depth from focus and studied their efficiency when applied to our images.In collaboration with European teams, we realized the first X-ray plenoptic camera that was tested at P05 beamline of PETRA III synchrotron. Based on the theoretical work developed in this thesis, we defined the best optical configuration, mounted the plenoptic camera, acquired X-ray plenoptic images, numerically refocused them using the new algorithm and verified the experimental resolutions and contrasts. Depth from focus techniques applied on the refocused stack allow to retrieve the expected depth plane. These are the first images acquired with an X-ray plenoptic camera
Stepanov, Milan. "Selected topics in learning-based coding for light field imaging". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG050.
Texto completoThe current trend in imaging technology is to go beyond the 2D representation of the world captured by a conventional camera. Light field technology enables us to capture richer directional cues. With the recent availability of hand-held light field cameras, it is possible to capture a scene from various perspectives with ease at a single exposure time, enabling new applications such as a change of perspective, focusing at different depths in the scene, and editing depth-of-field.Whereas the new imaging model increases frontiers of immersiveness, quality of experience, and digital photography, it generates huge amounts of data demanding significant storage and bandwidth resources. To overcomethese challenges, light fields require the development of efficient coding schemes.In this thesis, we explore deep-learning-based approaches for light field compression. Our hybrid coding scheme combines a learning-based compression approach with a traditional video coding scheme and offers a highly efficient tool for lossy compression of light field images. We employ an auto-encoder-based architecture and an entropy constrained bottleneck to achieve particular operability of the base codec. In addition, an enhancement layer based on a traditional video codec offers fine-grained quality scalability on top of the base layer. The proposed codec achieves better performance compared to state-of-the-art methods; quantitative experiments show, on average, more than 30% bitrate reduction compared to JPEG Pleno and HEVC codecs.Moreover, we propose a learning-based lossless light field codec that leverages view synthesis methods to obtain high-quality estimates and an auto-regressive model that builds probability distribution for arithmetic coding. The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of bitrate while maintaining low computational complexity.Last but not least, we investigate distributed source coding paradigm for light field images. We leverage the high modeling capabilities of deep learning methods at two critical functional blocks in the distributed source coding scheme: for the estimation of Wyner-Ziv views and correlation noise modeling. Our initial study shows that incorporating a deep learning-based view synthesis method into a distributed coding scheme improves coding performance compared to the HEVC Intra. We achieve further gains by integrating the deep-learning-based modeling of the residual signal
Couillaud, Julien. "Formation d'image : estimation du champ lumineux et matrice de filtres couleurs". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5987.
Texto completoMorel, Sophie. "Imagerie grand champ en anatomopathologie". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY075/document.
Texto completoThis PhD project aims to develop a simple, fast (35 minutes), wide-field (up to 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm) multiscale (µm-cm) imaging method for stained and unstained tissue slides for digital pathology application. We present a solution based on lensfree imaging. It is a simple, low-cost technique that enables wide field imaging (10-30 mm²) of sparse objects, like viruses, bacteria or cells. In this project, we adapted lensfree imaging for dense objects observation, like stained or unstained tissue slides. The sample is illuminated under multiple illumination wavelengths, and a new multiwavelength holographic reconstruction algorithm was developed in order to reconstruct the modulus and phase of dense objects. Each image covers 10 mm² field of view, and is reconstructed in 1.1 second. An image of the whole tissue slide covers 6.25 cm². It is recorded in 35 minutes by scanning the sample over the sensor. The reconstructed images are multiscale, allowing the user to observe the overall tissue structure and to zoom down to the single cell level (3-4 µm). The method was tested on various stained and unstained pathology samples. Besides tissue slides, multiwavelength lensfree imaging shows encouraging results for meningitis diagnosis, bacteria population monitoring for identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing, and cell culture monitoring
Guyon, Olivier. "Imagerie interférométrique grand champ et applications". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066170.
Texto completoStephan, Jean. "Architecture 3D et microclimat lumineux de l'arbre". Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21754.
Texto completoLAHRECH, AHMED. "Imagerie infrarouge par microscopie en champ proche optique". Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112291.
Texto completoLe, Brusq E. "Imagerie microonde: influence de la polarimétrie du champ diffracté". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454615.
Texto completoChanet, Nicolas. "Imagerie par résonance magnétique à champ cyclé in vivo". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS574/document.
Texto completoFast Field Cycling Magnetic Resonance Imaging (FFC-MRI) has the ability to separate two key processes that both depends on the main field intensity B0. On one hand, signal acquisition and localization and on the other hand NMR relaxation, basis of MRI contrast. The equipment thus combines a standard MR scanner with a secondary system to rapidly switch the magnetic field B0 as compared to relaxation times. FFC enables to measure the evolution of NMR relaxation as a function of magnetic field B0, namely the NMR dispersion (NMRD) profile. Combining it with MRI the NMRD profile can be localized in vivo, together with the usual characterization at fixed B0. The NMRD profile of water carries information on molecular mobility in the surrounding biological tissues, and is thus another source of contrast. The objective of this PhD project was to further develop and evaluate the potential of FFC-MRI between 1 T and 2 T in a cancer model. This work required original instrumental and methodological developments to integrate FFC in MRI. First a precise measurement of magnetic field time profile was developed, as well as the compensation of eddy currents and of irreproducible transients in the secondary system. Moreover acquisition sequences with better signal to noise efficiency and applicable for longitudinal as well as transverse relaxation were implemented. Finally a kidney tumor mouse model was explored with FFC MRI
Côté, François. "Imagerie de neurones en profondeur par fibre optique avec champ de vue variable et imagerie à grand champ volumétrique rapide avec sectionnement optique HiLo". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38294.
Texto completoImaging cells and axons in deep brain with minimal damage while keeping a sizable field of view remains a challenge, because it is difficult to optimize one without sacrificing the other. We propose a scanning method reminiscent of laser scanning microscopy to get a reasonable field of view with minimal damage deep in the brain. By using micro-optics at the tip of our 125 µm-diameter singlemode fiber inside a 250 µm capillary, we can create a focal spot on the side of the fiber at a distance of approximately 60 µm. The focal spot has a 2 µm diameter and can be scanned at up to 30 hertz by a custom scanning device over a 90 degree angular sweep on a single line. A piezoelectric actuator moves up and down the fiber to achieve a cylindrical scanning pattern. By having this side illumination, there is no need for surgical exposure of the tissue, making our method simple and easy to achieve. The field of view is controlled by the angular and vertical sweeps, unrelated to the fiber diameter. Furthermore, by modifying the length of the grin lens, we could directly increase or decrease the field of view of our optical system, without any change on the probe diameter. We have succeeded in imaging microglia in the midbrain of a CX3CR1-GFP mouse. The system is also ready for calcium imaging on single pixel lines. Imaging whole mouse brains can provide a wealth of information for understanding neuronal development at both the microscopic and macroscopic scale. Furthermore, visualizing entire brain samples allow us to better conceptualize how different diseases affect the brain as a whole, rather than only investigating a certain structure. Currently, two main challenges exist in achieving whole mouse brain imaging: 1) Long image acquisition sessions (on the order of several hours) and 2) Big data creation and management due to the large, high-resolution image volumes created. To overcome these challenges, we present a fast 1-photon system with a slightly decreased resolution allowing whole brain, optically sectioned imaging on the order of minutes by using a mathematical algorithm termed “HiLo”. Our large field of view (25 mm2 ) allows us to see an entire newborn mouse brain in a single snapshot with a resolution of about 2 µm in lateral direction and 4 µm in axial direction. This resolution still allows visualization of cells and some large axonal projections. This technological advancement will first and foremost allow us to rapidly image large volume samples and store them in a smaller format without losing the integral information, which is mainly stained-cell quantity and location. Secondly, the design will allow for increased successful high-resolution imaging by screening ...
Samson, Benjamin. "Imagerie thermique par microscopie en champ proche à sonde fluorescente". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440188.
Texto completoBlanco, Leonardo. "Imagerie rétinienne in vivo plein champ : vers une restauration tridimensionnelle". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077197.
Texto completoIn vivo flood illumination retinal images are usually low contrasted and their resolution is decreased because of the contribution to the final image, of the defocused planes. It is therefore difficult for the ophthalmologists to interpret such images. I propose, in this theses, numerical methods for improving contrast and résolution of in vivo flood illumination retinal images. The first method I developped is a subpixel registration algorithm fo images with an inhomogeneous illumination. Later, I developed an imaging model allowing us to deal with the problem of having only 2D images of a 3D object and a marginal blind deconvolution method adapted to this problem. I verified, in practice, the accuracy of the method and applied it to experimental retinal images from two different flood illumination instruments. Finally, I proposed a modification of flood illumination imagers, based on conoscopic holography, improving the axial resolution, alter deconvolution, of retinal images. I quantified, on simulated data, the improvement permitted by conoscopic holography and I present preliminary experimental results
Czoske, Olivier. "Observations à grand champ d'amas de galaxies". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30059.
Texto completoLes amas de galaxies sont des sondes puissantes pour la recherche cosmologique, notamment par leur fonction de masse et leur structure interne. Une investigation observationnelle des prédictions théoriques nécessite une meilleure compréhension de la relation entre la distribution de masse dans les amas et leurs propriétés plus directement observables. Cette thèse contribue à cette démarche par des observations à grand champ d'amas de galaxies à différents décalages spectraux. Un survey spectroscopique autour de l'amas de galaxies Cl0024+1654 à décalage spectral 0. 4 résulte dans un catalogue contenant des données spectroscopiques pour 688 objets dans le champ ce qui représente actuellement la plus grande base de données spectroscopiques sur un amas à tel décalage spectral. .
Absil, Emilie Motel. "Imagerie et spectroscopie de nanoparticules d'or en microscopie optique plein champ". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00558468.
Texto completoMotel-Absil, Emilie. "Imagerie et spectroscopie de nanoparticules d’or en microscopie optique plein champ". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066663.
Texto completoApelian, Clément. "Imagerie Optique Multimodale des tissus par Tomographie Optique Cohérente Plein Champ". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLET009/document.
Texto completoFull filed optical coherence tomography is a microscopy imaging technique allowing to image a specific slice in a scattering medium, in depth. This technique has been used for the diagnosis of biopsy in cancerology. This technique could be an efficient and fast way to diagnose excised tissues during surgery. This would avoid numerous reoperations procedures. These reoperations are necessary when a pathologist suspects cancerous tissue to still be present in the patient, based on histological slide examination.FFOCT has shown promising results for that purpose. Nevertheless, this technique only gives a morphological contrast of tissues, which is not enough for applying some diagnostic criteria such as cell morphology or cell density.We developed a new imaging modality based on FFOCT allowing to reveal metabolic contrast in tissues at the subcellular scale. This contrast reveals cells previously indistinguishable with FFOCT. We also used this quantitative metric to propose tools to facilitate diagnosis, using machine learning approaches
Omarouayache, Rachid. "Imagerie et injection électromagnétique en champ proche micro-onde et millimétrique". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS032/document.
Texto completoNear-field microwave microscopy is developped in two frequency bands. The first experiment involves very high frequencies at 60 GHz. Near-field electric probes were designed, made and tested. We have shown a sensitivity to topography and to the local dielectric constant with a very sub-wavelength resolution of lambda/250.The second experiment was conducted in the 1 MHz - 1 GHz band. Specific magnetic ferrite probes were designed and optimized with aim of integrated circuit coupling applications. We have explained the coupling by a mutual inductance which allowed to derive an electrical circuit model. Experimental applications on dedicated circuits validate the approach
Stout, Jacques. "Spectroscopie et Imagerie RMN multi-noyaux à très haut champ magnétique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS312/document.
Texto completoBipolar disorder is a chronic affective disorder affecting 1 to 3% of the adult population worldwide and has a high level of comorbidity with suicide rates, substance abuse and other harmful conditions. The disorder has possible ties to schizophrenia and has been observed to have a strong genetic component. The exact biological underpinnings have not been firmly established, however abnormalities in limbic subcortical and prefrontal areas have been observed.Ever since its discovery more than half a century ago, a daily intake of Lithium salts has arguably become the most reliable treatment of the disorder, despite us possessing little to no understanding of its biochemical action. In order to shed some light on the effect of Lithium in the brain, we have developed Lithium-7 MR imaging at 7 and 17 Tesla in order to assess its cerebral concentration and distribution. Specifically, I worked on developing and validating several acquisition, reconstruction and quantification methods dedicated to 7Li MRI and MRS. Those methods were first applied to study ex vivo the cerebral distribution of lithium in rats. These rats were pretreated for 28 days with Li2CO3, sacrificed and their head fixated with PFA. Using a home-made 1H/7Li radiofrequency surface coil and a 7Li Turbo Spin echo acquisition and a modified phantom replacement method for quantification, we were able to measure Li concentration maps. Regional Li concentration values were then compared with those obtained with mass spectrometry.After this preclinical proof-of-concept study, an in vivo 7Li MRI protocol was designed to map the cerebral Li concentration in euthymic bipolar subjects at 7T. These individuals all followed a regular lithium treatment. For this study, we chose to use an ultra-short echo-time Steady State Free Precession sequence with non-Cartesian k-space sampling. A quantification and analysis pipeline similar to the one used for our preclinical study was applied for this study, with the addition of a correction step for B0 inhomogeneities. After conducting a statistical analysis at the cohort level, it was assessed that the left hippocampus, a major part of the limbic system that has been associated with BD on multiple occasions, exhibited systematically a high level of lithium. Finally, I developed a quantification method accounting for the different relaxation times of 7Li in the CSF and in the brain parenchyma. This method was applied to image lithium at 7T in a subset of bipolar patients reducing drastically the differences initially observed between the SSFP and bSSFP sequences
Yon, Jérôme. "Jet Diesel haute presssion en champ proche et lointain : Etude par imagerie". Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005366.
Texto completoDellinger, Jean. "Imagerie hyperspectrale en champ proche optique : développement et applications à la nanophotonique". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908824.
Texto completoLe, Cardinal de Kernier Isaure. "Cytométrie par imagerie grand champ en phase et fluorescence : applications en hématologie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/191018_LECARDINALDEKERNIER_341bnro964jhs311fcdqc638rrosk_TH.pdf.
Texto completoBlood cell population analyses allow detecting a wide scope of clinical disorders, ranging from anemias to malaria. A very large number of cells ought to be considered so as to ensure the statistical significance of the result, and in turn, yield a reliable diagnosis. Currently, hematology analyses are based on flow cytometry techniques. High throughput is obtained at the expense of the information content of each acquisition. To reduce the time-to-result, and to minimize the complexity and cost of the systems dedicated to analyzing cell populations, the current need is to reduce the number of acquisitions and optimize the information content. This thesis focuses on single-shot image cytometry as an alternative to flow-based cytometry. It aims at obtaining a set-up based on optical contrasts for the study of large cell populations while preserving the ability to resolve individual cells. We investigate a multi-scale and multi-modal approach to detect, characterize, and classify blood cells. To evaluate the feasibility and clinical relevance of the method, we developed two proof-of-concept set-ups, respectively called the mesoscope and the miniscope. The mesoscope, based on optical developments, combines phase contrast with fluorescence. The complementarity of morphological features and the expression of specific fluorophores enables us to accurately classify blood cells, and for example assess Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia in whole blood samples. The results are benchmarked to reference techniques. However, to address the need for point of care analyses, the system should be miniaturized. Hence, we designed the miniscope, a chip-based bimodal imager
Rémy, Florence. "Caracterisation de l'os trabeculaire par imagerie par resonance magnetique a bas champ". Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112084.
Texto completoSalazar, Cardozo Ruben Emilio. "Multiplexeur planaire : pour la mesure du champ diffracté en imagerie micro-onde". Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0011.
Texto completoYon, Jérôme. "Jet diesel haute pression en champ proche et lointain : étude par imagerie". Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUES038.
Texto completoThe aim of the experimental study presented in this thesis is to improve the understanding of the atomization processes involved in a high injection pressure Diesel jet (up to 100 MPa, direct injection). The real Diesel jet structure and the processes involved are not yet fully understood. The great variety of models found in the literature confirms this state of affairs. This lack of knowledge is due to the difficulty of analyzing the Diesel jet caused by its optical density and the size of its characteristic scales of time ("1 ms) and space ("100 æm). During the work carried out for this thesis, new diagnostics based on image processing have been developed in order to analyze the phenomena occurring in the nozzle near field (first millimeters of the jet) and in the far field (spray formed at a long distance from the nozzle). Using several tomographic configurations with an unfocused imaging system, coupled with a shadowgraph imaging setup it was possible to observe, in the near field, cylindrical cavitation pockets located near the jet interface and to drawn a new model of the Diesel jet's internal structure. An entropic calculation applied to three-state-pictures (continuous liquid phase, dispersed liquid phase and gaseous phase) allows us to observe the evolution of a surface linked to the primary atomization. The morphological statistical analysis of the continuous liquid phase interface also enables us to describe the ligament detachment of the dense liquid jet as a function of the injection time and pressure
Madelin, Guillaume. "Développements méthodologiques de l'IRM à bas champ : élastographie, interaction IRM-Ultasons et polarisation dynamique nucléaire". Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21253.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with low field (0. 2 T) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Magnetic Resonance Elastography allows to assess some viscoelastic properties of tissues by imaging of acoustic strain waves. In the next part, an ultrasonic transducer was calibrated using the comparison of the balance method and laser interferometry. Then, it was tried to modify the T1 contrast of tissues by spin-phonon interaction due to the application of ultrasound at the Larmor frequency. No modification was obtained, but an acoustic streaming was observed. The visualization of this streaming makes possible to calibrate transducers and to assess some properties of liquids. The last part was dedicated to set up Dynamic Nuclear Polarization experiments, based on the polarization transfer of unpaired electrons of free radicals to the protons of water. An enhancement of the NMR signal by a factor 30 was obtained on nitroxides
Choquet, Philippe. "Applications vétérinaires de l'IRM dédiée à bas champ". Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR3305.
Texto completoMarques, Cécile. "Étude et modélisation de la conversion rayonnement lumineux-signal électrique dans les capteurs d'images à pixels actifs". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ESAE0011.
Texto completoAboudourib, Abderrahmane. "Imagerie en champ proche de systèmes racinaires par radar à pénétration de sol". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPAST048.
Texto completoThe mapping of tree root systems within inhomogeneous dispersive subsoils is investigated by means of a non-destructive technique: Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR). This work is motivated by the growing need for tree health and stability control, as well as the negative impact of roots on urban infrastructure, which could seriously compromise the safety of people and properties. A state of the art has allowed us to determine the limiting factors of coarse root (diameter > 0.5 cm) detection and resolution by GPR. Then, the focus is put on a novel processing procedure to reconstruct 3-D root architectures from GPR data with no a priori information on the soils involved. Viability is studied from comprehensive numerical simulations (via gprMax) on realistic root models in 3-D heterogeneous dispersive environments; this in particular means a number of simulations involving a variety of soils. Controlled laboratory measurements are conducted on root prototypes using a bi-static GPR system operating at 300 MHz – 3.3 GHz frequency range. This is extended to field studies on real root systems with the use of a commercial GPR (MALA). The good performance and high potential of the proposed approach are illustrated accordingly
Favre, Bruno. "Développement d'appareillage R. M. N. En champ magnétique très faible et en milieu perturbé : application à l'imagerie". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1T080.
Texto completoPayet, Pierre. "Injection électromagnétique et microscopie en champ proche". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS027/document.
Texto completoMicrowave near-field microscopes are emerging tools for material characterization. In this work, a near-field probe was designed, described and analyzed in terms of performance and resolution. This probe has been associated with two microscopes in the near microwave field. The first microscope is based on intensity reflectometry and evaluated the quality and lateral resolution of the probe. This resolution can reach a subwavelength dimension, opening the way to local characterization of materials. The second experiment presents the design of a materials characterization bench. This system uses an I/Q mixer to extract information in intensity and phase of near-field interaction. Finally, the last experiment concerns electromagnetic injection in the near field of an out-of-band signal on a communication module. The overall results show that the near-field injection experiment has the potential to become an important metrology tool for susceptibility studies
Charpigny, Delphine. "Quantification de nanoparticules à base d’oxyde de fer pour l’IRM moléculaire : approche basée sur la déconvolution du défaut de champ magnétique". Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0129/these.pdf.
Texto completoIn magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), there are two types of contrast agents: paramagnetic, "positive" and superparamagnetic "negative" or the "magnetic susceptibility". Contrast agents are increasingly used in MRI for many medical applications (monitoring cell, marking inflammation, therapeutic targeting. . . ). They have become a valuable tool to aid diagnosis. Locate and quantify the contrast agents have become a major issue of the so-called molecular MRI. In this thesis, we focus on superparamagnetic contrast agents like USPIO (Ultrasmall Iron Oxide particles SuperParamagnetic). We propose quantification based on the estimation of the magnetic susceptibility. This approach is based on the deconvolution of the map of non-magnetic field induced by the contrast agent through the local change of magnetic susceptibility. We define the method that implements a model SYMDEF déconvolutif regulated by a filter type CLS (Constrained Least Squares). This approach redefines and quantification of this type of contrast agent within a framework of image restoration. We present an analysis of the method SYMDEF according to various parameters that govern it and a study on the impact of the difference between a lack of ideal field and model integrated with the default method SYMDEF. The method is evaluated on SYMDEF card default magnetic field synthesis. These maps were obtained: by calculating the defect field theory from anatomical and pathological models that we have designed, from the simulation of MR images of these models is by calculating the susceptibility gradient map (SGM) is the map of phase difference. SYMDEF method was also tested on real MR images in vitro and in vivo aggregates of USPIOs. The results demonstrate the feasibility of this method of quantification, including its robustness against noise and the quality of the quantification of the magnetic susceptibility induced by contrast agents as soon as the fault information of field given with good spatial resolution
Po, Chrystelle. "Etude par IRM à haut champ de l'ischémie cérébrale transitoire chez le rat nouveau né". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EVRY0002.
Texto completoThe aim of this study was to characterize by in vivo MRI and MRS the short term and middle term developments of cerebral injuries following an experimental transient focal ischemia in the newborn rat (P7). The results show the efficiency of MRI to monitor the short term extent of the injured areas during ischemia and reperfusion and to predict the extent of the middle term extent of brain damage. The middle term monitoring has shown the development of a glial scar in the injured areas, by T2 weighted imaging, and the remodeling of the cerebral fiber networks, by Diffusion Tensor Imaging both in the glial scar and in ipsilateral adjacent areas. The monitoring of cerebral ischemia by these imaging methods will be thus a useful tool to evaluate the efficiency of therapeutic treatments directed toward these two processes
Beaumont, Stéphane. "Les artéfacts de champ magnétique en imagerie par résonance magnétique nucléaire (I. R. M. )". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30016.
Texto completoCuillandre, Jean-Charles. "Imagerie CCD grand champ. Application à la détection des poussières autour des galaxies proches". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30087.
Texto completoNativel, Eric Laurent. "Imagerie électromagnétique hyperfréquence en champ proche : du concept de sonde locale aux applications industrielles". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20105.
Texto completoNahas, Amir. "Imagerie multimodale optique, élastique et photo-thermique des tissus biologiques par OCT plein champ". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066680/document.
Texto completoFull Field OCT (FF-OCT) is an imaging technic use to do microscopy inside scattering media at a given depth using an interferometric setup. One of the main objectives that motivated the development of FF-OCT was to provide during surgery to the surgeon images similar to histological slices but in real time. Currently, diagnostic made from FF-OCT images gives good results, especially in the case of some breast disease. However, the major difference between the histological and FF-OCT is that FF-OCT has only a morphological contrast and in some cases, this contrast is not enough to make the diagnosis. In the research described in this thesis we are committed to developing new tomographic approaches, leading to new forms of contrast may enhance images of FF- OCT for a better quality of diagnosis. Specifically, we worked on the optical and photothermal detection of gold nanoparticles by FF-OCT and the mechanical properties mapping by three methods in order to develop new types of contrasts that will help improve the diagnosis
Nacenta, Mendivil Jorge P. "Imagerie directe de champ électrique par microscopie à balayage d'un transistor à électron unique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY009/document.
Texto completoIn this doctoral work, we have developed a new scanning single electron transistor (SET) microscope that works at very low temperatures (T = 50 mK) and high magnetic fields (B = 18 T). A SET consists of a small metallic island connected to source and drain electrodes through two tunnel junctions. In the Coulomb blockade regime at low temperature regime (T 5 K), an external electric field tunes the current circulating through the SET. In addition,small electric field variations lead to large SET current changes that makes the device a highly sensitive charge detector, able to detect charges smaller than 0.01 e. Thus, when the SET scans above a surface, it maps the electrostatic properties of the sample. However, the implementation of a scanning SET microscope is extremely challenging since it combines scanning probe microscopy, low temperatures and sensitive nanoscopic devices. For thisreason, only a few groups have succeeded its realization. Our technological choices to build the microscope improve certain aspects with respect to the already existing instruments. The breakthrough is that we fabricate the SET probe using standard lithographic techniques on commercial silicon wafers.For that reason, batch fabrication of SET probes is possible. Furthermore, by a combination of dicing and etching techniques, the SET is engineered extremely close to the edge of the Si chip (< 1 micrometer). In this way, the SET can be approached to a few nanometer from the sample surface by means of a atomic force distance control. Additionally, an on-probe gate electrode fabricated close to the island can be used to tune the operating point of the SET. Anovelty of our instrument is that with this on-probe gate and a feedback loop we have been able to map directly the local electric field. We demonstrate this new feedback scanning method by imaging an interdigitated array of nanometer scale electrodes. Moreover, the SET is an ideal tool for the study of the localization of electronic states. In the future, our scanning SET will be used for the study of two-dimensional electron systems in the quantum Hall regime, topological insulators and the metal insulator transition
Renaud, Rémi. "Développement de l'imagerie multispectrale plein champ pour l'étude de l'activation cérébrale in vivo". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112240.
Texto completoMultispectral imaging of intrinsic optical signal allows to estimate changes in hemodynamic parameters from the collection of reflectance fluctuations, at least with two wavelengths, induced by cerebral activation. This thesis proposes methodological and instrumental studies but also in vivo validation of developments undertaken. The calculation of hemodynamic parameters requires the application of a modified Beer-Lambert law introducing a crucial term for accuracy of hemodynamic parameters changes calculation, the DP, which had been estimated using Monte Carlo simulation models of the somatosensory cortex and olfactory bulb of rats. We show that the variations of absorption, diffusion or anisotropy does not affect the values of DP, whereas geometry and optical properties of the structures have an great impact on them. Thus, calculation of DP for each studied brain structure is essential. In addition, the choice of wavelength illumination is critical and appreciated in terms of two parameters, crosstalk and separability. Pairs and triplets of optimal wavelengths for rat olfactory bulb study were calculated. It appears that the separability values are negligible due to the high absorptivity of biological tissues in the visible and the choice of optimal combinations can be based only on the values of crosstalk. The second step was to build a bench multispectral imaging performance, to validate it and methodological study. The results show a striking difference hemodynamic and reflectance signals between somatosensory cortex and olfactory bulb, which physical origin and/or biological is discussed
Peragut, Florian. "Imagerie et spectroscopie super-résolues dans l'infrarouge". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066080.
Texto completoWe couple infrared sources with a scattering near-field scanning optical microscope (SNOM) combined with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) in order to probe the local optical properties of matter with sub-wavelength spatial resolution. We study the near-field thermal emission of a surface made of silicon carbide and gold, and then of a semiconductor-based multilayer. We reveal experimentally the presence of surface waves propagating at the different interfaces of these samples, by imaging and spectroscopy. We probe the spatial evolution of the electromagnetic local density of states spectrum thanks to super-resolved hyperspectral imaging of the near-field thermal emission. We show that spatial resolution and contrast between the structures decrease as the distance at which the probe performs the scans increases. We couple our SNOM and FTIR with synchrotron radiation and demonstrate the capability of such coupling to perform nanospectroscopy studies in the mid-infrared range by investigating the samples mentioned above. We demonstrate super-resolved terahertz imaging using synchrotron radiation. We experimentally study the influence of the illumination on the images obtained in SNOM and show that the detection of the near-field thermal emission provides distortion-free images and therefore are easier to interpret than those obtained using a monochromatic laser source or far-field thermal emission. We also develop a 3D imaging technique
Breton, Élodie. "Applications précliniques de l'IRM à bas champ et sa place dans un contexte multimodal microTEMP et microTDM". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/BRETON_Elodie_2007.pdf.
Texto completoIn vivo preclinical imaging in small animals offers a unique insight in physiopathological processes. This PhD thesis is a study of the role that 0. 1T low field MRI could play in preclinical imaging considering its economical and technical characteristics. The specificities of preclinical imaging are first presented, then the technical adaptations developed for in vivo small animal imaging using 0. 1T MRI are detailed. These technical choices allow to obtain quantitative results using 0. 1T MRI in various in vivo imaging studies: anatomical (longitudinal follow-up of tumor growth), functional (triggered cardiac dynamic) and motion-sensitizing gradients (MRE). In a multimodal context, the complementarity of imaging techniques is shown through the simple and original conception of a dual SPECT/low field MRI modality, and the use of microCT in some specific soft tissues studies
Gautier, Jean-Luc. "Contribution à la modélisation microonde des transistors à effet de champ sur Arséniure de Gallium soumis à un flux lumineux : application aux dispositifs commandés optiquement". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112028.
Texto completoThe use of an optimization method for the determination of equivalent linear electrical model elements of gallium arsenide field effect transistor (MESFET) is presented. Sensibility and accuracy of this method are analysed, a preoptimization method is proposed for the amelioration of the results accuracy. A computer driven static and dynamic electrical measurement set has been developped. The main features are the realization of an efficient static characteristic plotter and an investigation of the microwave de-embedding of the component. The equivalent electrical model element variations with regard to the incident power light are presented, only a few of them have a significant variation. The optical frequency control of oscillator is theoretically shown and experimentally verified. The design and the realization of two narrow-band amplifiers emphasizes the light control gain. A graphical method for the feed-back impedance determination of flat gain amplifier over a wide frequency range is presented. This method is used to design an input-output matched flat gain amplifier between 4 and 8 GHz. Other potential applications are also presented and in addition an inversed grid transistor which permits to increase photoelectric effects
Gautier, Jean-Luc. "Contribution à la modélisation microonde des transistors à effet de champ sur arseniure de gallium soumis à un flux lumineux application aux dispositifs commandés optiquement /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605324d.
Texto completoEliès, Philippe. "Etude expérimentale de la dépolarisation en imagerie laser : classification d'échantillons, analyse du champ de speckle". Brest, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES2046.
Texto completoKOTTLER, VALENTIN. "Multicouches metalliques et imagerie magneto-optique en champ proche pour l'enregistrement magnetique ultra haute densite". Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112318.
Texto completoGrisollet, Alain. "Contribution à une étude multinucléaire ¹H, ² ³ Na, ³¹ P, sur une machine d'imagerie médicale par résonance magnétique à haut champ (1. 5 tesla)". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112302.
Texto completoZaaraoui, Wafaa. "Développements méthodologiques en imagerie et en spectrométrie RMN à haut champ magnétique : du cerveau de la souris à celui de l'homme". Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21444.
Texto completoThis work was designed to implement several NMR methodological developments to study the human and the mouse brain in vivo. In the first study, magnetization transfer imaging and localized MR spectroscopy were set up at 9,4 T. These techniques were used to analyze an animal model of demyelinisation and remyelinisation. The MR results were verified by histological examinations. The magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) was found to be a relevant sensitive marker of myelin content changes. A surrogate metabolic marker of these phenomena was not yet identified. The second study was devised to determine the transverse relaxation time T2 of human brain metabolites at 3 T. An optimized two-point method for the least error per given experimental time was proposed. This method was combined to a three-dimensional MR spectroscopic sequence to examine, within 1 hour, 320 voxels at 1 cm3 spatial resolution. T2 of NAA, cretatine and choline were assessed for different brain structures. To our knowledge, these values were obtained for the first time at 3 T with this spatial resolution, coverage and precision. These results are essential for reliable absolute metabolic quantification
Pouvil, Pierre. "Nouveau modèle analytique du transistor à effet de champ à grille métallique sur Arséniure de Gallium en régime de saturation : application à la modélisation des caractéristiques électriques sous l'action d'un flux lumineux". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112023.
Texto completoA new analytical model is proposed for the gallium arsenide field effect transistor (MESFET) in the saturation region. When the frequency is less than 1 GHz, the model provides the static characteristics and the extrinsic elements of the equivalent scheme. The model is based on an approximate quadratic form for the depletion region when electron velocity reaches up to the saturation velocity. The potential in the channel is given by the solution of Poisson's equation by taking into account the variation of the electron density inside it. Main physical phenomena like edge effects, overshoot velocity and the carrier injection in the buffer layer are taken into account. Theoretical and experimental results for the I-V characteristics, transconductance, output conductance, gate-source capacitance and gate-drain capacitance are made on submicrometre gat MESFET without and under illumination when the photon energy is greater than the gap bandwidth of the semiconductor. Applications of photo effects in MESFET are given with the design of MESFET amplifier and oscillator controlled by the light
Guyot, Steve. "Analyse des matrices de Mueller et du champ de speckle en vue d'applications au génie bio-médical". Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002136440204611&vid=upec.
Texto completoGuyot, Steve Clairac Bernard Vézien Christelle. "Analyse des matrices de Mueller et du champ de speckle en vue d'applications au génie bio-médical". Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2003. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0213644.pdf.
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