Tesis sobre el tema "Identification de facteurs de risque"
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Leblanc, Mélanie. "Histoire naturelle de l'insomnie et identification de facteurs de risque". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24045/24045.pdf.
LeBlanc, Mélanie. "Histoire naturelle de l'insomnie et identification de facteurs de risque". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18578.
Ianotto, Jean-Christophe. "Néoplasies myéloprolifératives et thromboses : épidémiologie et identification des facteurs de risque". Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0017.
The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal myeloid, chronic and proliferative disorders. The most frequent are polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. The more frequent complications are thromboses (arterial and venous) and phenotypic evolutions (secondary myelofibrosis and acute leukemia). Thromboses can be a situation of diagnosis or observed during the followup of a MPN. This thesis is focused on the clinical link between MPN and thromboses.In a context of idiopathic venous thromboses (first event or recurrence), without medical history of MPN, we have tested patients for the most frequent MPN clonal mutations. So, we have used the informations and patients of the dedicated EDITH cohort.On the other hand, we have constituted a MPN database (OBENE) of the patients diagnosed for MPN in our Hospitalcentre. By this way, we have analysed the frequency and impact of atrial arrhythmias, the benefit-risk balance of the use of DOAC, the impact of statins to reduce the thrombotic risk and the frequency and impact of the treatment nonadherence in this population.MPN and thromboses are linked, so it is necessary to increase our knowledge of their physiopathology to improve prevention and treatment of the events. This thesis brings some answers to some questions but, she is almost the starting point of common reflexion between clinicians and biologists interested in these domains
Roure, Catherine. "L'anorexie mentale : identification de l'adolescente à risque en vue d'une prévention". Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11063.
Messier, Valérie. "La séroprévalence des zoonoses au Nunavik : surveillance, identification des facteurs de risque et intervention". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27743/27743.pdf.
Ben, Hassine Safa. "Identification des facteurs de risque statistiques : Applications au marché boursier et au marché du crédit". Paris 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA020024.
Chauleur, Céline. "Identification des facteurs de risque pour prévenir les complications thrombotiques et hémorragiques de la grossesse". Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STET003T.
Chaumette, Boris. "Identification de facteurs biologiques de la transition psychotique". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB046/document.
Psychosis is a progressive mental disorder which normally occurs during adolescence in at-risk subjects following a dynamic process termed “psychotic transition”. These at-risk subjects are clinically identifiable but biological data are still insufficient in explaining the onset of psychosis. Throughout this thesis, we aim to identify biological factors implicated in this pathophysiological process. Current hypotheses explaining the psychotic transition favor the interaction between genes and the environment mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. We conducted studies examining methylomic and transcriptomic changes during psychotic transition using molecular biology and bioinformatics techniques at a whole genome scale. Our results suggest that psychotic transition may be linked to methylomic and transcriptomic changes in genes implicated in axon guidance or oxidative stress. These longitudinal changes could be related to environmental factors. Some of these factors could deregulate the hormonal stress response at the earliest phases of psychosis. Indeed, our results show that secretion of basal cortisol is increased in prodromal individuals. Moreover, it is likely that genes and processes regulating epigenetic modifications are also implicated in the individual response to the environment. We have shown the importance of the one-carbon metabolism for at least one sub-group of patients affected by psychosis. Our results should be replicated using other paradigms in order to definitively validate the implication of these various actors in the psychotic transition. If confirmed, knowledge of these biological mechanisms could lead to the development of targeted therapeutics to prevent psychosis in at-risk individuals
Fablet, Christelle. "Épidémiologie de la pathologie pulmonaire chez le porc en croissance : identification de facteurs de risque et perspectives pour la prévention". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S044.
Respiratory diseases are a major health issue for pigs reared under confined conditions in intensive systems worldwide. Pneumonia and pleuritis are the two most frequent lung alterations. The aetiology of these diseases is complex and multifactorial. A better knowledge of the epidemiology of lung diseases is needed to implement adequate control strategies. The aim of the present work is to identify herd-factors associated with lung diseases, particularly pneumonia and pleuritis in slaughtered pigs from farrow-to-finish farms. Two preliminary observational studies were carried out to assess the relevance of different sampling methods to determine the infectious status of the pigs and to identify the category of pigs which must be sampled in a further analytical study. In a second step, a cross-sectional study was carried out in 143 herds to identify the risk factors for pneumonia and pleuritis. Infectious and noninfectious factors were founded to be associated with lung diseases. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, H1N1 subtype of swine influenza viruses are the major pathogens involved in pneumonia whereas Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the main agent associated with pleuritis. Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus acts on both types of lung lesions. Noninfectious factors related to management and husbandry practices, hygiene and housing conditions are also involved in pneumonia and pleuritis. All these results would be helpful to define appropriate herd health management programmes targeting the reduction of respiratory disease incidence
Pradier, Sophie. "Circulation enzootique du virus West Nile en population équine : identification de facteurs de risque environnementaux en Camargue, France". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00605812.
Ajana, Soufiane. "Prédiction du risque de DMLA : identification de nouveaux biomarqueurs et modélisation du risque". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0205.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries. AMD is a complex and multifactorial disease with major consequences on the quality of life. Numerous genetic and non-genetic risk factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of the advanced stages of AMD. Existing prediction models rely on a restricted set of risk factors and are still not widely used in the clinical routine.The first objective of this work was to identify new circulating biomarkers of AMD’s risk using a lipidomics approach. Based on a post-mortem study, we identified the most predictive circulating lipids of retinal content in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFAs). We combined penalization and dimension reduction to establish a prediction model based on plasma concentration of 7 cholesteryl ester species. We further validated this model on case-control and interventional studies. These biomarkers could help identify individuals at high risk of AMD who could be supplemented with w-3 PUFAs.The second objective of this thesis was to develop a prediction model for advanced AMD. This model incorporated a wide set of phenotypic, genotypic and lifestyle risk factors. An originality of our work was to use a penalized regression method – a machine learning algorithm – in a survival framework to handle multicollinearities among the risk factors. We also accounted for interval censoring and the competing risk of death by using an illness-death model. Our model was then validated on an independent population-based cohort.It would be interesting to integrate the circulating biomarkers identified in the lipidomics study to our prediction model and to further validate it on other external cohorts. This prediction model can be used for patient selection in clinical trials to increase their efficiency and paves the way towards making precision medicine for AMD patients a reality in the near future
Chastang, Françoise. "Identification des facteurs de risque de la recidive suicidaire : description quantitative et determination du poids relatif de ces differents acteurs (doctorat : epidemiologie et sante publique)". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN11024.
Caplain, Sophie. "Traumatismes cranio-cérébraux "légers" : identification de marqueurs prédictifs précoces d'un syndrome post-traumatique pérsistant : étude multi-axiale des facteurs psychologiques, neuropsychologiques et neuro-anatomiques". Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/188211551#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
The mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) represents 80 % of all the traumatic head injuries. Even though the prognosis is generally favourable, 15 % of the mTBI is going to suffer from post-traumatic syndrom (persistent PTS) involving all the cognitive, somatic, mood and behaviour and the quality of life domains. The origin and the mechanisms of these disorders are still poorly known and it is still difficult to prevent prematurely their chronicity. Our objectives are to extend our knowledge on the PTS and to try to distinguish as soon as possible the mTBI subjects who carry a risk of unfavourable evolution. We conducted 2 prospective and longitudinal studies on samples of subjects mTBI and estimated at the early phase (Between 8 and 21 days) and at the late phase (in 3 and 6 months) of the trauma the neuropsychological, psychological and anatomo-functional aspects. 2 subgroups were then determined during the late phase, according to their evolution, on the basis of the main criterion "complaints" (favourable evolution group and unfavourable). Our results show significant differences (p <. 05), from the early phase, between the group FE and UE, marked by several and more intense disorders to group UE on all the investigated domains. These disorders are mainly detectable by more complaints and a higher level of disturbance, a marked primary anxious mood, a level of quality of life significantly reduced as well as traumatic axonal injuries. These results can lead to new perspectives of diagnosis and of the clinical management with a pluridimensionnal approach of the mTBI persons at risk of unfavourable evolution
Shoemaker, Trevor. "Surveillance et épidémiologie des fièvres hémorragiques virales (FHV) : identification de l'émergence, de la séroprévelance et des facteurs de risque des FVH en Ouganda". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG044.
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of diseases caused by RNA viruses. They infect both humans and animals (zoonotic) and are clinically characterized by acute onset of high fever and sometimes severe hemorrhagic symptoms especially in the late stages of the disease. Viruses in the genera Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus in the family Filoviridae are known as causing “classical” hemorrhagic fever disease. Other viral families that cause VHFs include Phenuiviridae (Rift Valley fever virus), Nairoviridae (Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus), and Arenaviridae (Lassa virus)
Floret, Nathalie. "Lymphomes non hodgkiniens, sarcomes des tissus mous et dioxines : identification du risque lié aux émissions d'un incinérateur d'ordures ménagères (Besançon, France)". Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA3012.
It is not clear whether low environmental doses of dioxin affect the general population. We have therefore conducted a multi-step research program around a municipal solid waste incinerator with high emission levels of dloxln (Besançon, France). The eco-epidemiology approach started with a space-time clustering study that found evldence for clusters of soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) and non-Hodgkin's Iymphoma (NHL) in the area that contains the plant. A populatlon-based case-control study at the Besançon city scale was also carried out. We compared 222 incident cases of NHL and controls randomly selected and used the same study design for the 37 incident cases of STS. Dioxin ground-level air concentrations were modeled wlth a first generatlon Gaussian-type dispersion model. Using Geographic Information System technology, thelr residences were linked to the dispersion map. The risk of developing NHL was 2. 3 times higher among individuals living in the area with the highest dioxin concentration than among those living in area with the lowest, whereas the over-incidence of STS observed in the city of Besançon was not spatlally organized according to the dispersion of dioxin emissions. The main limitation laid within the use of a dispersion mode! as a proxy for dioxin exposure, since its accuracy had not been assessed before. We have therefore validated. This geographic-based exposure through PCD/F measurements from soil samples. We therefore launched a case-control study in which dioxins are measured in biological tissues. All incident cases, that accrued in this area during the 2003-2006 time period, are from now on included, while a few controls are still to be recruited
Mamoghli, Sarra. "Alignement des systèmes d’information à base de progiciel, vers une ingénierie dirigée par les modèles centrée identification des risques". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD003/document.
In the current context of fierce competition, the Information Systems of SME are increasingly based on “off-theshelf” products like the ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning - systems. As this kind of system offers a generic solution, the alignment between the company’s real needs and the ERP standard functionalities must be ensured. Therefore, we propose to define the so called Misalignment Risk (MR). Our literature review on project risk management leads us to propose two complementary strategies to manage the MR allowing its optimization: the first one works on the effect of the MR and the second one, on its occurrence. Our analysis of the model driven engineering methods, allowing the implementation of the first strategy, shows that: the alignment processes proposed to identify the misalignment, to evaluate its effect and to mitigate it are too macroscopic. Concerning the means to implement the second strategy, we highlight the weaknesses of the tools proposed to support the identification and treatment of the risk factors influencing the MR. We thus propose, firstly the “Model Driven -ERP Alignment” method allowing (i) the identification of the alignment and misalignment situations in a detailedmanner and on the basis of the ISO 19440 norm, (ii) the evaluation of its effect and (iii) its association to adequate decisions. The granularity level and the interdependencies of the processes’ activities are also taken into account. Secondly we propose the “Risk-Factor Driven - ERP Alignment” approach. It consists in the proposition of a process allowing the identification and treatment of risk factors (RF) influencing the MR. to succeed in following tools are set up: RF variables, RF residual link matrix, RF life cycle classification and RF / management practices matrix. As this work is supported by both the Region Alsace and a SME located near Strasbourg, we follow an action / research approach. It allowed us to apply and validate our contributions
Sahmoud, Tarek. "Identification des sujets à haut risque de rechute dans la maladie de Crohn quiescente : construction et étude de stabilité du modèle". Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28349.
Morcel, Jules. "Identification de paramètres nutritionnels, d’activité physique et de condition physique à l’adolescence impactant le risque cardiovasculaire à l’âge adulte". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS069.pdf.
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the world's leading cause of death and is mostly caused by the formation of atherogenic plaques. These plaques appear during adolescence, and their growth depends on numerous risk factors, both non-modifiable (age, gender) and modifiable (lipid profile, blood pressure, glycemia, smoking, body mass index). Nutrition, physical activity and fitness are complex elements that have been shown to have a significant impact on modifiable risk factors in mostly cross-sectional studies.Material & Methods: The aim of this study is to identify, in a longitudinal way, parameters of nutrition, physical activity and physical fitness in adolescence that have an impact on adult cardiovascular risk. These analyses are based on data from the HELENA and BELINDA studies. The HELENA study (2006 - 2007) included 3528 adolescents aged from 12.5 to 17.5 years in 10 European countries, and collected extensive nutritional, physical activity, fitness, anthropometric and biological data. The BELINDA study (2016 - 2020) is a nested cohort that repeated the same analyses, a decade later, in 232 subjects from 4 centers (Ghent, Lille, Roma and Zaragoza). Parameters of interest were identified based on bibliographic resources and data available from these two cohorts. Their impact on cardiovascular risk was assessed by a multivariate statistical analysis. Cardiovascular risk was assessed according to modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and the PDAY (Pathobiological Determinants for Atherosclerosis in Youth) cardiovascular risk score. The parameters identified as most relevant for their potential to predict cardiovascular risk will be the target of more specific studies.Results: The literature analysis identified 13 parameters of interest, including 8 for nutrition, 2 for physical activity and 3 for fitness. Adherence to the diet quality index, planetary health diet index, dietary knowledge and cardiorespiratory fitness were the parameters identified as cardioprotective, in contrary to consumption of ultra-processed foods and upper body muscular strength. An extensive analysis of dietary knowledge highlighted its beneficial long-term impact on adults' blood pressure and dietary behaviour.Discussion: The diet quality index, the planetary health diet index, dietary knowledge, consumption of ultra-processed foods, cardiorespiratory fitness and upper body muscular strength in adolescence have all been shown to have a significant impact on cardiovascular risk in adulthood. Early approaches using these tools therefore seem relevant for identifying clusters of populations at-risk and preventing cardiovascular risk from an early age
De, Montigny Catherine. "Identification des sous-groupes d'individus les plus à risque de mortalité chez les cas confirmés de la COVID-19 au Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68416.
La, Rocque Stéphane de. "Identification des facteurs discriminants majeurs de la présence des glossines dans une zone agro-pastorale du Burkina Faso. Intérêt pour la prévision du risque trypanosomien". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20241.
Jablonski, Christine. "Santé de la femme et pathologie chronique : identification de comorbidités et facteurs de risque ; impact d'une prise en charge gynécologique spécifique : exemple de la mucoviscidose". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6v987dw.
Life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) improved through different types of therapeutic and organizational interventions. As a result, new issues are emerging, such as gynecological management and sexual health in adult women with CF. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the gynecological management of women with CF, to describe their gynecological comorbidities, and to propose means to improve their management and prevention.A first descriptive study conducted in Lyon CF centre, found an insufficient gynecological management (proportion and frequency of women followed, contraceptive coverage and cervical screening). The impact of a gynecological consultation offer in the CF centre was then assessed two years after its implementation, with a significant improvement in gynecological management (according to the same three indicators). Gynecological comorbidities specific to CF were described, including a high frequency of cervical disease due to papillomavirus (HPV) infection (in transplanted, and non-transplanted women). A prospective study was then conducted to better understand the pathophysiological link between CF and cervical disease, exploring the natural history of HPV infection in this specific population. The epidemiological link between CF and cervical disease is also being evaluated through a national-wide study based on french national health insurance data and the French CF Registry. Finally, we have described an insufficient HPV vaccination rate, as well as the barriers to this vaccination in young girls with CF. Sensitization of health care providers and of women on the importance of a regular and specific gynecological management, tailored to the particular context of CF should lead to improved practices
Dudoignon, Nicolas. "Analyse de la frequence d'apparition de tumeurs pulmonaires chez le rat apres exposition a des aerosols d'oxydes d'actinides : identification de facteurs de risque en comparant le npo2 et le puo2". Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05N035.
Mamoghli, Sarra. "Alignement des systèmes d'information à base de progiciel, vers une ingénierie dirigée par les modèles centrée identification des risques". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00814495.
Li, Wei. "Identification des sujets répondeurs à une thérapeutique et fonction de prédiction de cette réponse". Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T049.
Méry, Benoîte. "Complications cardiovasculaires et cancer du sein : magnitude et challenges". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSES018.
Breast cancer remains the main cause or death and the most frequent cancer in women in developed countries with more than 52.000 new cases per year in France. Breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases share common risk factors and compete for the first place in morbidity and mortality, making the patient with breast cancer, a patient at high cardiovascular risk, which goes beyond cardiovascular toxicity or cancer treatments. If the prognosis of patients wilh breast cancer has improved thanks to the enrichment of the therapeuthic arsenal and generalized screening, with 5-year survival rates close to 90%, cardiovascular disease events constitute one of the most worrying complications, and can occur throughout breast cancer treatment, but also in the long term, consequently impacting. the effectiveness of treatments, prognosis and patient survival. lndeed, cardiovascular disease events represents the leading cause or death in patients with breast cancer. However, at the present time there are no specific tools making it possible to identify patients with high risk of developing a cardiovascular desease during the treatment of breast cancer and therefore for monitoring and implement preventive treatment. At the same time. there are no specific recommandations for this particular population concerning the monitoring and management or patients when cardiovascular disease events occur. This thesis aims to explore the complex interactions between breast cancer and cardiovascular pathologies, through the determination or the prevalence or cardiovascular disease events within a population with breast cancer, the identificalion of predictive risk factors for the occurrence or cardiovascular events, and external validation of a predictive score to ultimate improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients treated fort breast cancer
Guérin-Dubourg, Alexis. "Étude des modifications structurales et fonctionnelles de l'albumine dans le diabète de type 2 : identification de biomarqueurs de glycoxydation et de facteurs de risque de complications vasculaires". Thesis, La Réunion, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LARE0017/document.
Type 2 diabetes is dramatically associated with an enhanced cardiovascular complication risk. The identification of novel biomarkers associated with endothelial dysfunction remains highly warranted to improve diabetes screening and prevention. Oxidative stress and protein modifications are frequently observed in numerous disease states. Albumin, the major circulating protein in blood, can undergo increased glycoxidation in diabetes. Objectives of my thesis were to clarify the impact of glycoxidative modification of albumin on its structure and its functions and to determine whether such impairments may be encountered in albumin purified from diabetics. The occurrence of oxidative modifications was found to be enhanced in in vitro glycoxidized HAS and albumin purified from diabetics, after determination of their free thiol group content, relative electrophoretic migration, carbonyl content, and antioxidant activities. In addition, glycoxidized albumin exhibited impaired pharmaceutic molecule binding capacities. Cells treated with glycoxidized albumin exhibited a proinflammatory state attested by an overgeneration of intracellular reactive oxygen species, enhancements in RAGE expression, and an accumulation of carbonylated proteins.Methods to detect IMA (ischemia modified albumin) were developed and applied to diabetics patients. Relationships have been established between specific pathological parameters (cardiovascular disorders, hyperglycemia…) with an enhanced glycoxidative modification of albumin in diabetics. We thus propose that impaired albumin structure and function in relation in the enhanced oxidant stress observed in diabetics might be involved in the increased mortality risk of these patients
Lu, Yang. "Analyse de survie bivariée à facteurs latents : théorie et applications à la mortalité et à la dépendance". Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090020/document.
This thesis comprises three essays on identification and estimation problems in bivariate survival models with individual and common frailties.The first essay proposes a model to capture the mortality dependence of the two spouses in a couple. It allows to disentangle two types of dependencies : the broken heart syndrome and the dependence induced by common risk factors. An analysis of their respective effects on joint insurance premia is also proposed.The second essay shows that, under reasonable model specifications that take into account the longevity effect, we can identify the joint distribution of the long-term care and mortality risks from the observation of cohort mortality data only. A numerical application to the French population data is proposed.The third essay conducts an analysis of the tail of the joint distribution for general bivariate survival models with proportional frailty. We show that under appropriate assumptions, the distribution of the joint residual lifetimes converges to a limit distribution, upon normalization. This can be used to analyze the mortality and long-term care risks at advanced ages. In parallel, the heterogeneity distribution among survivors converges also to a semi-parametric limit distribution. Properties of the limit distributions, their identifiability from the data, as well as their implications are discussed
Moeuf, Alexandre. "Identification des risques, opportunités et facteurs critiques de succès de l’industrie 4.0 pour la performance industrielle des PME". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC025/document.
The SMEs, predominant actors of the industry, have to reach customer expectations that are more and more complex. One of the solutions is to improve the management of the industrial processes which includes production planning and control, performance measurement and evaluation. Lately the concept of industry 4.0 has emerged. This new approach allows the control of production processes by providing real time synchronization of flows and by enabling the production of unitary and customized products. This concept is based on emerging new technologies such as cloud computing and Internet of Things. Our research goal is to identify the industry 4.0 risks, opportunities and critical success factors regarding SMEs industrial performances. Our first work shows that the SMEs have their own specific managerial features that may undermine the adoption of the industry 4.0 concept. Our review of the scientific literature also shows that there are disparities between industry 4.0 business cases in SMEs. These business cases are also poorly documented a provide only few insights for SMEs managers. The inherent difficulty to identify detailed examples prevented us from conducting a statistical study of the industry 4.0 cases within SMEs. In order to reach our research goal, we conducted a prospective study by consulting experts. Our study shows that the major risks facing the adoption of the industry 4.0 concept in SMEs is the lack of expertise and the short-term strategy mindset. The study also shows that training is the most important success factor, that managers have a prominent role in the success and/or the failure of an industry 4.0 project, and that SMEs should be supported by external experts. Lastly, industry 4.0 offers a unique opportunity to redesign SMEs production processes and to adopt new business models. SMEs have decisive advantages toward this industrial revolution that they must use in order to keep their competitive advantages against large company
Bélanger, Diane. "Identification des sous-groupes à haut risque de partager des seringues usagées et des facteurs explicatifs de l'intention d'utiliser le condom chez les utilisateurs de drogues par injection (UDI)". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0002/NQ39335.pdf.
Renault, Anne-Laure. "Identification de facteurs génétiques modifiant le risque de cancer chez les porteuses d'une mutation constitutionnelle d'ATM & profil tumoral des tumeurs du sein associées à une perte de fonction d'ATM". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS389/document.
Inherited biallelic mutations in the ATM gene cause Ataxia Telangiectasia (A-T), a multisystemic disorder characterized by neurological, cutaneous and immunological abnormalities. The disease is associated with an elevated risk of malignancies, particularly of lymphoma or leukemia, and a high radiosensitivity. Epidemiological studies have shown that female heterozygote carriers (HetAT) younger than 50 years are at increased risk of breast cancer, as compared to women from the general population (RR 4,94, 95%CI 1,90 - 12,09). Despite the rarity of A-T disease, 0.5 to 1% of the population is estimated to be HetAT. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that some specific truncating or missense variants in ATM are associated with increased breast cancer risk but this risk is not yet well estimated. The first part of my thesis project has consisted in characterizing inherited genetic factors modifying cancer risk in women participating in the prospective cohort CoF-AT (“cohorte de femmes apparentées à un enfant atteint d’A-T). In the second part of my work, I described the morphological and molecular features of ATM breast tumours with the aim to identify biomarkers allowing to distinguished ATM-associated tumours from sporadic tumours.Assessment of the contribution of inherited factors such as SNPs of telomere length on the risk of cancer was performed on 284 HetAT individuals and 174 non-HetAT individuals belonging to 103 A-T families. We showed that HetAT individuals have longer telomeres than their non-HetAT counterparts (p=0.0008). However, we found that telomere length was not associated with cancer risk in our study population. The SNP rs9257445 (ZNF311), which is associated with telomere length in HetAT participants, was not associated with cancer risk. Conversely, SNPs rs6060627 (BCL2L1) and rs2380205 (ANKRD16) modified cancer risk in HetAT and non-HetAT women.Pathology review of 41 ATM-associated breast tumours revealed that these tumours mostly belonged to luminal B molecular subtype. The molecular characterization of 23 ATM-associated tumours did not revealed the BRCAness profile associated with Large-Scale State Transitions. However, we found that ATM tumours were mostly tetraploïd and observed loss of heterozygosity at 11q22-23 in the majority of the tumours and loss of ATM wild type allele. Moreover, copy number losses at loci 13q14.11-q14.3, 21p11.2-p11.1 and 22q11.23 appeared to be specific of ATM tumours.Altogether, this project allowed to better characterize the genetic background of the CoF-AT participants and to highlight biomarkers of ATM breast tumours
Haziza, Simon. "Quantification du transport intraneuronal par suivi de nanodiamants fluorescents. Application à l’étude de l’impact fonctionnel de facteurs de risque génétiques associés aux maladies neuropsychiatriques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLN013/document.
The identification of molecular biomarkers of brain diseases as diverse as autism, schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease, is of crucial importance not only for an objective diagnosis but also to monitor response to treatments. The establishment and maintenance of sub-cellular neuronal functions, such as synaptic plasticity, are highly dependent on intracellular transport, which is essential to deliver important materials to specific locations. Abnormalities in such active transport are thought to be partly responsible for synaptic plasticity and neuronal morphology impairment found in many neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. This thesis reports (i) the development of a quantification technic of intraneuronal transport based on fluorescent nanodiamonds (fNDs) tracking; (ii) the application of this simple and minimally invasive approach to the functional analysis of neuropsychiatric disease-related genetic variants.This manuscript falls into four chapters. The first one details the complex polygenic architecture of mental disorders and demonstrates the disease relevance of monitoring the intraneuronal transport. The second and the third chapters are dedicated to the nanodiamond-tracking assay and describe the fNDs internalisation strategies, the spatiotemporal quantitative readouts and the validation of the technic. The high brightness, the perfect photostability and the absence of cytotoxicity make fNDs a tool of choice to perform high throughput long-term bioimaging at high spatiotemporal resolution. Finally, in the fourth chapter, we apply this new functional analysis method to study the effect of genetic variants associated to autism and schizophrenia. We established transgenic mouse lines in which MARK1 and SLC25A12 genes were slightly overexpressed, and AAV-shRNA to induce AUTS2 gene haploinsufficiency. Our molecular diagnosis assay proves sufficiently sensitive to detect fine changes in intraneuronal transport dynamic, paving the way for future development in translational nanomedicine
Bourrelly, Stéphane. "Modélisation et identification de facteurs environnementaux géographiques liés à des risques morbides : Application aux séquelles développées après le traitement d'une leucémie : Cohorte LEA". Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2026/document.
This thesis is an interdisciplinary approach combining Geography, Epidemiology and Statistics. It is a methodological thesis applying to a public health issue. The concept consist in developing a dialectical adapted to the geographic health and proposing or transposing probabilistic methods, geostatistical and datamining instruments, to model and to identify geographic environmental factors related to morbid risks. In this research the environment is considered in its integrity. It is described by spatiotemporal indicators: physicochemical, health and socioeconomic. The geographical environment of the individual and medical characteristics of targeted populations is also taken into account. Heuristic proposals aim to identify environmental health determinants, or contributing risk factors. The methods have been implemented or adapted to the issue. They are applicable and reproducible in all diseases studied in Geographic Health. In order, to illustrate these proposals, they are applied to squeals observed following the treatment of childhood leukemia - Cohort LEA. In developed countries, access to effective treatments leads to an increase of squeals incidence. Those have an impact on the quality of life. Therefore, post-cancer and children's health have positioned themselves at the core of social concerns in Europe and in France. Beyond the scientific goals, contributions in public health are expected. The idea is to provide operational space indicators to politicians in order to help them to take collective health measures. And for health professionals to be able to offer individual medical solutions, devoted to reduce the risk of exposure to environmental factors of the populations due to their geographical location. In consequence, to improve access to a good environmental health
Bourrelly, Stéphane. "Modélisation et identification de facteurs environnementaux géographiques liés à des risques morbides : Application aux séquelles développées après le traitement d'une leucémie : Cohorte LEA". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2026.
This thesis is an interdisciplinary approach combining Geography, Epidemiology and Statistics. It is a methodological thesis applying to a public health issue. The concept consist in developing a dialectical adapted to the geographic health and proposing or transposing probabilistic methods, geostatistical and datamining instruments, to model and to identify geographic environmental factors related to morbid risks. In this research the environment is considered in its integrity. It is described by spatiotemporal indicators: physicochemical, health and socioeconomic. The geographical environment of the individual and medical characteristics of targeted populations is also taken into account. Heuristic proposals aim to identify environmental health determinants, or contributing risk factors. The methods have been implemented or adapted to the issue. They are applicable and reproducible in all diseases studied in Geographic Health. In order, to illustrate these proposals, they are applied to squeals observed following the treatment of childhood leukemia - Cohort LEA. In developed countries, access to effective treatments leads to an increase of squeals incidence. Those have an impact on the quality of life. Therefore, post-cancer and children's health have positioned themselves at the core of social concerns in Europe and in France. Beyond the scientific goals, contributions in public health are expected. The idea is to provide operational space indicators to politicians in order to help them to take collective health measures. And for health professionals to be able to offer individual medical solutions, devoted to reduce the risk of exposure to environmental factors of the populations due to their geographical location. In consequence, to improve access to a good environmental health
Lebourgeois, Samuel. "Etude du cycle infectieux du virus de l’hépatite A (VHA) et développement d'un modèle in vitro pour mettre en évidence son infectiosité". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0027.
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a fecal-oral enteric virus that causes acute hepatitis. After entering the body orally, HAV interacts with the intestinal epithelium that it must cross to reach the liver via the bloodstream. HAV is to date the second viral etiological agent that can be involved in collective foodborne illness (TIAC). To assess the risk in food virology, the detection of RNA remains insufficient for the detection of infectious virions. Today, cultivating wild strains of HAV is difficult: they replicate very slowly in culture (release of new virions synthesized in Frhk-4 cells from 30-45 days) without inducing cytopathic effect (CPE). In contrast, some culturally adapted HAV strains are capable of inducing CPE resulting from apoptotic death of infected cells. My thesis work aimed to develop a new method of impedance detection of infectious viral particles of HAV in the context of viral diagnosis in food.In this study, using xCELLigence technology, the evaluation of the Real Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) system was undertaken to detect the ECP of the HAV adapted strain. (HM175 / 18f) on FRhK-4 cells. The results showed that cell impedance kinetics, during HAV infection, induced a decrease in cell index (CI) correlated with the occurrence of HAV-induced cell death. In addition, the time required for the fall in HAV-induced IC values was depending on the viral concentration. A linear relationship of 5 log10 could be established between the HAV concentration and the time required to reach 50% of the decrease in IC values (TdCI50), showing that RTCA monitoring could be used as an infectious HAV test method. In addition, RTCA monitoring can be performed in less than six days instead of 12 to 14 days with standard lysis range assays. Therefore, the titration method based on RTCA monitoring is a powerful tool for the evaluation of viral inactivation and antiviral treatments.Moreover, in order to be able to reproduce ECP in wild HAV strains, the pro-apoptotic caspase-dependent signalling pathways involved in apoptotic cell death of cells infected with the adapted strain were studied. From previous results showing the activation of caspase 3 during the infection of FRhK-4 cells by the HM175 / 18f strain of HAV, the extrinsic and mitochondrial pro-apoptotic pathways were identified. The expression of caspase 8, a marker of the extrinsic pathway, correlated with the expression of active caspase 3 as well as tBid protein was observed. In addition, the expression of the tBid protein induced the release of cytochrome c suggesting activation of the extrinsic pathway-dependent mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, a comparison of survival and cell death pathways during infection with wild-type strains and adapted to HAV can be performed in future work. Thus, the results offer new insights into the understanding of viral strategy for inducing ECP in host cells.In conclusion, beyond a better understanding of the pathophysiology of HAV, this study contributes to the development of cellular models to detect infectious particles of wild strains of HAV. In addition, RTCA monitoring in HAV inactivation studies will improve the assessment of viral risk in food virology by controlling the transmission of viruses through their elimination from food. This is also an important public health challenge to help reduce the burden of food-borne viral diseases
Tixier, Sylvie. "Les facteurs de risque de l'ostéoporose". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P213.
Debette, Stéphanie. "Facteurs de risque de l'athérosclérose carotidienne". Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S058.
Guo, Liang. "Facteurs macroéconomiques et risque de crédit". Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100024.
The objective of this thesis is to study the impact of macroeconomic factors on credit risk. In this thesis, we use two types of models which allow us to exploit a great number of series. The first model refers to the Global VAR model (GVAR), developed by Pesaran and al. (2004). With the GVAR model, we consider a fictitious portfolio of 83 firms which cover 16 developed countries. We find that default rates increase significantly during the recession but do not drop so much during the expansion. In addition, we confirm the fact that the firms of good credit quality are less sensitive to the variations of the economic condition than those of poor quality. The second model is the dynamic factor model (FAVAR type, Factor augmented vector autoregression model), proposed by Stock and Watson (2005). We have two empirical applications, respectively in United States and in the Euro area. We find the common factors explain slightly the firms’ default rates. This reultat shows a great advantage of the diversification strategy. Moreover, we find that the factor the most explanatory for the default rate is the one related to real activity, such as production and employment. Another important explanatory factor, is the one associated to stock indexes. Finally, we find that the contribution of the interest rate shock to default rates remains limited. The subprime crisis is thus not caused by the changement of federal fund rates
Sadoun, Catherine. "Ostéoporose : épidémiologie, facteurs de risque, traitements". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P116.
Bennia, Fatiha. "Le risque cardiovasculaire : l'environnement de diffusion des facteurs de risque modifiables". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5060/document.
Health is a dynamic and multifactor construction which has both an individual and a social dimension. The latter may have a direct or indirect effect on the behaviour of individuals and their life choices. The Framingham study has revealed that cardiovascular risk is multifactorial and, as such, its estimate should be global. However, the assessment of global cardiovascular risk methods do not take into account the living environment of individuals, which would factor the development of modifiable risk factors. Through this work, we highlight the characteristics of the environment of dissemination of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors: metabolic and behavioural. Since decades, the North region of France has, for cardiovascular diseases, a high level of global and premature mortality. We are asked about the determinants of the situation of this region, by comparing it to other French regions and by exploring the link between a high cardiovascular risk and an unfavourable economic situation. Thus, we are interested in the link between the distribution of cardiovascular risk and the distribution of income, using normative criteria based on the concept of expected social dominance in terms of poverty. Shedding a light on factors favouring the occurrence of cardiovascular problems and analyzing the knowledge about the individual’s life environment allows a better understanding of the mechanisms of diffusion of the modifiable risk factors, with a double objective to lower the incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and to reduce the social inequalities in health
Juillière, Yves. "Facteurs de risque et facteurs pronostiques dans la cardiomyopathie dilatée idiopathique". Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10374.
LANDREAU, CHARTIER EDITH. "Facteurs de risque du cancer de l'oesophage". Angers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ANGE1114.
Azzouzi, Abdel-Rahmène. "Facteurs de risque génétiques des tumeurs prostatiques". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA11TO34.
GUEYE, OUSMANE. "Facteurs de risque des occlusions veineuses retiniennes". Lille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2M209.
Velly, Ana Míriam. "Les facteurs de risque des désordres temporo-mandibulaires". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ52190.pdf.
Leone, Nathalie. "Fonction ventilatoire, asthme et facteurs de risque cardiométabolique". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965432.
Vachon, Claudya. "La délinquance sexuelle : facteurs de risque et récidive". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68747.
Dupiefort, Christine. "Les facteurs de risque de l'ulcère de l'estomac". Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P074.
Farid, Karim. "Imagerie, facteurs de risque vasculaire et troubles cognitifs". Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_farid.pdf.
Couturier, Sonia. "Les facteurs de risque associés aux jeunes contrevenants violents". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0016/MQ47258.pdf.
Orsi, Laurent. "Facteurs de risque professionnels des hémopathies lymphoïdes de l'adulte". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T035.