Literatura académica sobre el tema "Identi-language"

Violence against women is a criminal act. It involves not only in personal domain, but also within social arenas. It could be happened in social life, such as the fact of sexual harassment at work. Through qualitative retrospective cross-sectional methods, the study aimed to explore the contextual factors of sexual harassment which have occurred overseas among women migrant workers from Ponorogo, East Java, Indonesia. Several factors altogether were identi ed as logical elements contributing to the existence of sexual harassment, composed of personal factors, relationship, working environment and structural regulation. The poor mechanism of placing Indonesian workers overseas was also perceived as an exacerbating factor to the presence of the conducts. Sexual harassment was more likely happened for female migrants in young age, low skill, and poor language in host countries. Several kinds of dependencies upon employers, such as administrative dependency, social and economic dependencies, and the existence of con ict at work were identi ed as other precipitating factors to the malpractice.

This paper identifies challenges that English as a foreign language (EFL) novice teachers in Indonesia may face in developing a professional identity, which, in this paper, refers to becoming a practitioner of cooperative learning. Cooperative learning is a mandated teaching method both in the 2006 and 2013 Indonesian curriculum, and is under the umbrella of Communicative Language Teaching approach that has been adopted by English instruction in Indonesia since 1980s. This approach stresses interaction between language learners and the use of the target language in this interaction. Drawing on four related theories of development of selves (Wenger’s Concepts of Community of Practice, Lave and Wenger’s Concepts of Situat- ed Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation, Gee’s Sociocultural Views of Identity, and Holland, Lachicotte, Skinner, and Cain’s Concepts of Identi- ty and Agency in Cultural Worlds), four challenges to the development of the target professional identity are identified: (1) the unavailability of community of cooperative learning practitioners, (2) hegemony vs. identity development, (3) agency in the midst of tensions, and (4) institutional identity vs. professional identity. These interconnected and overlapping challenges suggest novice EFL teachers to possess agency to attain the target identity and suggest teacher education programs to equip their student teachers with knowledge and skills of teacher identity development and agency.

In the article systems of Indo-European word formation of self-identi fi cation names of communities, which in the IX-III millennium BC mastered the natural liv-ing space in the center and north of the modern Kytaihorod rural territorial commu-nity of Kamianets-Podilskyi district of Khmelnytskyi region have been analyzed. It has been proved that in the structure of archaic oikonyms, which denote specifi c set-tlements of the studied region, relicts of self-names of local prehistoric communities have been preserved. It is substantiated that the inheritance in the Ukrainian language of self-identifi cation names of ancient peoples proves the linguistic and ethnic con-nection of the original inhabitants of the region with the Ukrainian people.Thus, the use in studies of Indo-European word formation systems of self-identifying names of ancient Ukrainian communities of philosophy of language by W. von Humboldt, the teachings of O.O. Necessary methods of theoretical mod-eling and systems analysis allow us to move away from the so-called «folk etymol-ogy» and obtain objective information about the systemic language support of pre-historic economic and social progress in specifi c micro-regions of Proto-Ukraine.

The article handles the problem of studying regional Dagestan languages against the backdrop of an intensive process of urbanization in the republic. Based on an expert survey, modern events in the language sphere and the measures for the development of the Dagestan languages are identi-fied, which affect legislative initiatives at the federal level and the state of native languages in the government. The author pays special attention to the connection between the ethno-cultural educa-tion of the younger generation and the formation of manifestations of civic consciousness and pat-riotic feelings of an individual personality. Thus, the author attempted to analyze the social aspect of the functioning of regional lan-guages. The main purpose of the study is to identify the real picture of the language needs of Da-gestan people and to prevent possible social conflicts based on dissatisfaction with the ethno-cultural needs of the population. The author focuses on turning national policy into an effective mechanism for strengthening civic identity, maintaining social stability at the federal, regional levels.

The article presents an analysis of the names and logotypes of companies, associations and other organiza-tions operating for the benefit of the d/Deaf in Poland. The analysis concerns the relationship between the name (its meaning) and the way of identifying the community of d/Deaf people. The description covers both the names and graphic elements, and their symbolism, which are present in the logotypes. The findings of cognitive methodology are used to read the correlation between the name, its logotype and the values identi-fied with the d/Deaf. The analysis covers 50 social chrematonims and logotypes of institutions from Poland who promote their activities on the Facebook social network or on Polish websites. The material collected allows one to notice that the most common way of identification with the d/Deaf community is the use of meanings and symbols of Polish Sign Language (PJM), which is one of the most important values creating the image of the Deaf as a linguistic and cultural minority.

For the first time, the textual features of two shamanic texts dedicated to the deities of the Upper World are considered. The purpose of the work was to compare these works and identi-fy common syntagmatic (compositional, stylistic) and semantic (characters, sacred chronotope) elements. The main research method is the structural-semiotic method, which allows considering these cultural texts as signs. Despite the fact that these texts differ greatly in their volume and poetic language, they have common elements. Different shamans performed these texts and at different times with the communicative aim to obtain the blessing of the light dei-ties, the souls for the birth of children. Common elements are observed both in semantics (in the organization of sacred space, in the time of rituals, in the system of characters) and in syntagmatics and style. The addressees of the rituals were deities and spirits, and the acting characters were people. The names of the deities of the Upper World embodied the personifi-cation of the sky and natural phenomena, characteristic of archaic mythologies. The syntag-matic structure of the texts is characterized by certain stability of the poetic structure of the texts, supported by repeated episodes of the shamanic rite, common places, and poetic formu-las. The presence of formulas indicates a common poetic shamanic tradition of the Altaians and the Teleuts.

Teacher education programs prepare candidates for bilingual, English as a second language, or special ed¬ucation as separate professionals. This creates challenges when teaching bilingual children with disabilities. There is a need to cross boundaries combining expertise and preparing teachers for children’s uniqueness. Re¬sponding to this need, the researchers organized a change laboratory with 14 professors and two State Depart¬ment of Education consultants. The study explored boundary expressions and their relationship to the larger activity. It also looked at the learning that took place during boundary crossing efforts. Boundaries were identi¬fied around bilingual teacher preparation, cross-disciplinary programmatic, and paradigmatic aspects. While boundary crossing at the intrapersonal level and at the interpersonal level were important, the need to engage multiple institutions was centered. In addition, the discussion manifested that for inclusive bilingual education teacher preparation, there was a need to go beyond the institutional level to reach to policy makers and address the sociopolitical resistance against bilingual education. Throughout the study, participants engaged primarily in the epistemic learning actions of analyzing and modeling. Through volitional actions, the participants real¬ized a renewed object for their activity. This study widens the understanding of possibilities for taking shared educational responsibility through boundary crossing between professionals in preparation programs.

SummaryObjectives: To develop an automated method for extracting and structuring numeric lab test comparison statements from text and evaluate the method using clinical trial eligibility criteria text.Methods: Leveraging semantic knowledge from the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and domain knowledge acquired from the Internet, Valx takes seven steps to extract and normalize numeric lab test expressions: 1) text preprocessing, 2) numeric, unit, and comparison operator extraction, 3) variable identification using hybrid knowledge, 4) variable – numeric association, 5) context-based association filtering, 6) measurement unit normalization, and 7) heuristic rule-based comparison statements verification. Our reference standard was the consensus-based annotation among three raters for all comparison statements for two variables, i.e., HbA1c and glucose, identi -fied from all of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes trials in ClinicalTrials.gov.Results: The precision, recall, and F-measure for structuring HbA1c comparison statements were 99.6%, 98.1%, 98.8% for Type 1 diabetes trials, and 98.8%, 96.9%, 97.8% for Type 2 diabetes trials, respectively. The pre -cision, recall, and F-measure for structuring glucose comparison statements were 97.3%, 94.8%, 96.1% for Type 1 diabetes trials, and 92.3%, 92.3%, 92.3% for Type 2 diabetes trials, respectively.Conclusions: Valx is effective at extracting and structuring free-text lab test comparison statements in clinical trial summaries. Future studies are warranted to test its generaliz-ability beyond eligibility criteria text. The open-source Valx enables its further evaluation and continued improvement among the collaborative scientific community.

The paper raises the problem of the negative impact of patronizing attitude towards older people on their life practices, which is one of the manifestations of ageism. Patronizing behavior that is implemented towards the older generation in the form of simpli-fied language, exaggerated intonations, slow speech, a tendency to make decisions about the life of an elderly person, ignoring his opinion, etc., in turn, can have an infantilizing effect on the elderly person, forcing him to take a subordinate position. The study, based on empirical data, proves that this, in turn, causes self-limiting practices of older peo-ple. Representatives of the older generation who succumb to the influence of the negative social construct of old age transmitted by others, and as a result adopt a subordinate position, have higher risks of minimizing interpersonal, social and creative activity. Their way of life, in comparison with those who oppose the patronizing attitude or evaluate it negatively, is more focused on the “generally ac-cepted”. They are more likely to abandon their goals, plans, due to their own idea that at their age they are “not up to the task”, less often they act contrary to the opinion of others “about the right and wrong at this age”, refusing to defend their position. Accept-ing the patronizing attitude with gratitude, at the same time, they are more likely than those who are annoyed by this attitude to ignore health-saving practices, considering that diseases are an indis-pensable attribute of old age, so it is pointless to fight them. They are more likely to give up pleasures, joys, desired things in favor of younger people, con-sidering themselves unworthy of them. In conclu-sion, the article suggests ways to solve the identi-fied problem.

The article aims to solve the problem of inducing interactivity in the text of a printed educational phraseological dictionary. The relevance of the problem is justified by the user request of today’s school students and confirmed by psychologists’ conclusions about the features of children’s memory and perception in the postindustrial infor-mation society. The features of innovative interactive dictionaries prepared by the Pskov Laboratory of Educational Lexicography are shown against the background of the achievements of Russian and foreign educational phraseography. The authors pre-sent to students the linguistic properties of idioms and their cultural background identi-fied by the methods of historical-etymological, functional-semantic and linguocultural analysis in a series of interactive phraseological dictionaries, including: an entertaining etymological dictionary, a dictionary-workshop, a plot phraseological dictionary, and a game dictionary-quest. This variety of phraseographic genres is explained by the need to form a genre perception of the text and the role of phraseology in this text, which is also facilitated by the implementation of the principle of interactivity in the construc-tion of dictionary entries. The text interactivity in educational phraseological dictionaries of all these genres is achieved through techniques of dialogization of a lexicographic text, its hypertext structuring and game manipulation. Methods of dialogization of a phraseographic text (lexical-syntactic and compositional) ensure the inclusion of the child-recipient in the study of the origin of phraseology together with the characters of plot dictionary entries and their authors, motivate the student to perform cognitive creative tasks and give real feedback with the authors of the dictionary in the format of e-mail communication. Hypertextuality as an integral property of an interactive dictionary, which also stimulates the reader’s cognitive activity, is implemented in the paper format of the dictionary by referring to various external sources of infor-mation, cross-references in dictionary entries, and the use of surprise navigators. Game technologies of a lexicographic text construction are used at all levels of phra-seological units’ representation – from including phraseological game transforma-tions in the characters’ dialogues, which is typical of modern speech, to structuring the entire information and cognitive field of the dictionary as a search and etymolo-gical game-quest. Thus, the feasibility of developing innovative educational dictiona-ries in accordance with the concept of their interactivity is proved: this will ensure the availability of the material and, at the same time, the completeness and academic reliability of the representation of phraseological units as units of language and facts of Russian culture.

Dans notre thèse, nous proposons une analyse de la problématique de l’ « entre(-)deux » dans la littérature des « intrangères ». Envisagé tantôt comme dialogue tantôt comme rupture, la question de l’« entre(-)deux » se dessine tout premièrement au niveau extra-textuel. Nous nous intéressons alors au statut de la littérature issue de l’immigration maghrébine au sein du paysage littéraire français. Elle s’avère finalement « déterminable » (on peut circonscrire son corpus), « situable » (on peut la situer dans un champ littéraire précis) et « nommable » (on peut lui coller une étiquette). La problématique qui nous intéresse ici se manifeste deuxièmement au niveau intra-textuel. Nous proposons tout d’abord une lecture-interprétation de l’« entre(-)deux espaces ». Les personnages des romans n’entretiennent pas un même rapport avec les espaces occupés ou parcourus réellement ou imaginairement de sorte que l’« ici » et l’« ailleurs », la banlieue et la ville, le dedans et le dehors acquièrent plusieurs significations, le plus souvent antithétiques. D’où leur choix de se créer des « mi-lieux » afin d’échapper à l’aliénation. Dans la dernière partie de notre thèse, nous analysons la problématique de l’« entre(-)deux langues ». Les écrivaines se servent d’une langue d’écriture croisée, défiant les normes, ses principaux traits étant : oralisation, déguisement et épicement. Quant aux personnages, ils se trouvent dans un « entre deux langues » envisagé comme disjonction. D’une part, emmurés dans le silence ou optant pour la violence verbale, ils annulent tout échange verbal naturel. D’autre part, oscillant entre deux « identi-langues », ils arrivent rarement à se faire entendre et comprendre
Our thesis proposes an analysis of the matter of "between (-) two" [“entre(-)deux”] in the literature of "intrangères." Sometimes considered as dialogue and sometimes as breakage, the problem of "between (-) two" emerges firstly at the extra-textual level. We are therefore interested in the status of the literature of the North African immigration on the French literary scene. It finally turns out to be "determinable" (we can limit its corpus), "locatable" (we can place it in a precise literary field) and "nameable" (we can label it). Secondly, the problem of interest to us here appears at the intra-textual level. In this respect, we propose a reading-interpretation of "between (-) two spaces." The characters of novels do not maintain the same relationship with the spaces they occupy or they travel, either for real or imaginarily, so that "here" and "elsewhere", the suburbs and the city, the inside and the outside acquire several meanings, which most of the time are antithetical. Hence their choice to create "middle places" to avoid alienation. In the last part of our thesis, we analyze the problem of "between (-) two languages." The writers use a language of crossed writing, defying the norms, the main features of which being “oralisation”, disguise and “épicement”. As for the characters, they are in a "between two languages" seen as disjunction. On the one hand, wrapped in silence or opting for verbal abuse, they cancel all natural verbal exchange. On the other hand, oscillating between two "identi-languages", they rarely manage to be listened to and understood

Automatic spoken Language Identi¯cation (LID) is the process of identifying the language spoken within an utterance. The challenge that this task presents is that no prior information is available indicating the content of the utterance or the identity of the speaker. The trend of globalization and the pervasive popularity of the Internet will amplify the need for the capabilities spoken language identi¯ca- tion systems provide. A prominent application arises in call centers dealing with speakers speaking di®erent languages. Another important application is to index or search huge speech data archives and corpora that contain multiple languages. The aim of this research is to develop techniques targeted at producing a fast and more accurate automatic spoken LID system compared to the previous National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Language Recognition Evaluation. Acoustic and phonetic speech information are targeted as the most suitable fea- tures for representing the characteristics of a language. To model the acoustic speech features a Gaussian Mixture Model based approach is employed. Pho- netic speech information is extracted using existing speech recognition technol- ogy. Various techniques to improve LID accuracy are also studied. One approach examined is the employment of Vocal Tract Length Normalization to reduce the speech variation caused by di®erent speakers. A linear data fusion technique is adopted to combine the various aspects of information extracted from speech. As a result of this research, a LID system was implemented and presented for evaluation in the 2003 Language Recognition Evaluation conducted by the NIST.