Tesis sobre el tema "Iconoclasme – Italie – 19e siècle"
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Calefati, Christopher. "«Aborrito infamato e negletto dei Borboni il nome sarà» : gesti e voci di dissidenza antiborbonica nel regno delle due Sicilie continentale (1848-1859)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PESC0019.
The thesis is part of the interpretation that has seen a renewal of the historiography of the nineteenth century European, according to the canons of interpretations from cultural history. New theories on the practices of visual and informal politicization serve as a basis for reading the acts of iconoclasm and verbal anti-Borbonic violence in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in the period between the great mobilization of 1848 and 1859. The two moments analyzed are characterized by two different attitudes on the part of the monarchy: during the Forty-eight Revolution, the continental South is affected by a violent civil war with the momentary, and partial, conquest of sovereignty by the radical front; the years between 1849 and 1859 are distinguished by a violent attempt, police and judicial, by the throne of Ferdinand II against the "survivors" of the mobilization. Through the reading of documents from the Grand Criminal Courts and the Ministry of Police General of Naples, it is possible to reconstruct a morphology of iconoclastic practice, outlining the different aspects of the repertoire of material violence against images of power. In this sense, the research work aims to highlight an additional way for the ordinary population to access the negotiation of sovereignty during a period of political crisis and discontinuity of the legitimacy of monarchical power. Moreover, the appearance of new actors on the southern political scene confirms the liveliness and heterogeneity of the Duosicilian environment, distinguished by an important presence of "small conspirators" within epochal changes for the Kingdom. The iconoclastic violence shows the attempt of the population to secure a leading role during the revolution and reveals a change in the imagination of the Bourbon monarchy within public opinion. Indeed, 1848 and the gestures of visual "rupture" emphasize the presence of a rift between subjects and throne in the sphere of the legitimacy of power. Alongside iconoclasm, the research examines the practices of verbal (written and oral) violence against the throne of Naples. In the cases analyzed, a constant reference to the mobilization of 1848 is evident, whose memory is a real pillar that supports the revival of the patriotic conspiracy. In fact, the messages of the revolution return, in a rhapsodic and often uncoordinated, on the walls of the small towns of Southern Italy, where the mobilization finds new actors that allow its survival in a moment of harsh police repression by the repressive apparatus of the Bourbons. Gestures of verbal violence conquer new places of the revolution: inns, shops and taverns temporarily replace the squares invaded during the great mobilization. Also in this case study, the anti-colonial collective imagination is fueled by rumors, incendiary voices and seditious writings that accompany the daily life of individuals. The repertories examined are intertwined in the southern political landscape: political blasphemies accompany the gestures of iconoclasm in the phases of overturning power and replace the latter in the periods of underground anti-mafia struggle. The two practices of sovereignty are the subject of political resettlement during the epochal upheavals of the nineteenth century. In fact, the rituals of violence, recurrent in the mechanisms of regulation of local power, penetrate wider conflicts, affecting the entire southern space. Therefore, forms of violence and negotiation of popular sovereignty become part of theconflict for the legitimacy that the revolutions had fuelled: the struggle for supremacy is not fought exclusively in the institutional and diplomatic spheres, but includes a political substrate that acts continuously on popular emotions
Albergoni, Gianluca. "Le monde des lettres à Milan entre 1802 et 1838 : positions et trajectoires". Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0007.
This thesis analyses Milan's literary milieu in the first half of the 19th century. It focuses mainly on two problems. The first one is the underdevelopment of the publishing market. A complementary question is the unachieved status of the writer as an intellectual figure, along with the inadequacy of the publishing business. Although Milan may be considered the literary capital of the 19th century Italy, it is clear that writers could not make their living through their professional skills. A majority was thus forced to apply to the Government for economic patronage. The inquiry is based on a double methodological approach. On the one side, it is fouded on a large survey based on the available information about nearly 700 "writers". On the other, it consists in a serie of case-studies. It confirms that, in many cases, writers had to deal with the public authorities to gain favours, to receive subsidies and mostly to seek employment in bureaucracy and in the public schooling system
Muller, Raphaël. "Le livre français en Italie de 1880 à 1920 : entre circulation informelle, présence culturelle et conquête d'un nouveau lectorat". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010703.
Viallet, Jean-Pierre. "L'anticléricalisme en Italie, 1867-1915". Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100006.
As well as studing secularism, this doctoral work deals foremost with Italian anticlericalism history is reviewed both in its political and cultural components. Various sources have been used : the acts of the executive power, the legislative debats, the administrative decision gave a better approach of "the anticlericalism of the state" in order to delineate better the more popular form of anticlericalism, the study relied on popular poetry, songs, novels, sayings and materials gathered by folklore scholars. In both cases, the press has been used extensively. The study has used a chronological order – here are reviewed successively "the anticlericalism of the elites" (from 1867 to 1876) then, the anticlericalism of the state, so powerful in the last quarter of the 19th, and lastly the anticlericalism of the giolittian period. Within these three main parts, the emphasis is laid on a typological approach – the three main types of anticlericalism are analysed - liberal, radical, socialist the latter is studied with great attention. Outside this typological framework, the militant forces of anticlericalism (free masonry, free thinling) and some of the big issues dealing with the anticlerical camp are studied. Finally this work examines the geography and more summarily the sociology of anticlericalism and concludes that anticlericalism has tryly been an essential component of the political and cultural
Damien, Elsa. "La notion de guide à l'épreuve du tourisme naissant : les voyageurs anglo-saxons en Italie à l'ère industrielle". Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030129.
The main collections of modern tourist handbooks appeared by the end of the 1830s and from the start they have been provided with a very precise checklist. We threw into light the various elements of those specifications through the study of guide-books from English-speaking countries devoted to Italy. It led us to question the nature and the evolution of tourist-related movements which are accompanied by this literary genre. We analysed the birth of and the writing about tourism by situating them in a larger cultural environnement. We tried to figure out what the motive for the journey was and what its highlights were : we stressed the travellers’expectations, their preconceived ideas and how the latter developed during the actual journey to Italy
Manchon, Pierre-Yves. "Guerre civile et formation de l'État dans le Midi d'Italie (1860-1865) : histoire et usages du "Grand Brigandage" en Basilicate". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010633.
Hellali, Hassine. "Littérature et crise en Italie de 1865 à 1880". Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030051.
It was between 1860 and 1866 that was formed a group of poets, writers and artists who belonged to the "scapigliatura milanese". It would be more exact to speak of a generation of young people who expressed their rebellion against a political, artistic and literary system during a period of ceisis which shook italy from the unity onwards. The "active members" of this group were young and of varions tendencies. They needed "cafes", "salons" to meet. The public and the critics were mainly struck by the originality and the duality of their personalities and by the macabre and daring theme they proposed
Rovinello, Marco. "I "Francesi" nelle Napoli dell'ottocento". Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0044.
My dissertation focuses on the French community in the Nineteenth-century Naples (about 4. 000 people). It is based on both French and Neapolitan consular and juridical sources. It does not only describe the colony (marriage and professional strategies, networks, etc. ), but also asks whether it makes a sense to classify people as "French" in this period when other and more traditional identities (social rank, religious, regional) could be perceived by immigrants as predominant compared with the national one. The research points out that no identity is considered by French immigrants in Nineteenth-century Naples as exclusive and embedding. They actually can use any kind of membership in a "situational" way, making the "French community in Naples" something redefined time by time as the result of a dialectic process in which takes part the French immigrants themselves, public authorities and local people
Colombani, Paulu. "Contribution à l'étude de la transition entre le Risorgimento et le fascisme (Siliprandi, Morasso, Oriani, Croce et Gentile)". Nice, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NICE2037.
Ignace, Anne-Claire. "Des quarante-huitards français en Italie : étude sur la mobilisation de volontaires français pour le Risorgimento (1848-1849)". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010665.
Levantis, Laetitia. "Venise, un spectacle d'eau et de pierres : architecture et paysage dans les récits de voyageurs français : 1756-1850". Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE29033.
This study aims at revealing the evolution of French travellers' attention concerning Venetian architecture and Venetian landscape, from since 1756 to 1850. How did they perceive this union of wild nature and harmonious architecture? French travellers accounts on Venice help us in reconstructing the imagery and critical aspects of a great cultural symbol. But, they also give us a vision of an original city built on water. In the age of the Grand Tour, Venice was one of the most important tapes of French travellers. After Campoformio and the fall of the Republic in 1797, this city became an icon and a literary myth for romantic travellers who developed an obsession with the idea of a dying city giving a new attention on landscape. Opposed to the fear of other generations of travellers frightened by the nearness of water witch was considered as dangerous, the romantic vision of Venetian landscape shows a clear evolution in water perception : from the naturalistic journey in the last years of the XVIIIth Century, to a new attention shown by French and Venetian doctors and climatologists in during the years 1830, this study is reconstructing the interest in Venetian landscape
Musetti, Barbara. "La réception critique d'Auguste Rodin en Italie de la fin du XIXème au début du XXème siècle". Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040252.
This research aims to analyse the effect that Rodin's oeuvre had on the Italian artistic and cultural milieu between the two aforesaid centuries. We shall examine the channels through which a foreign artist was assimilated into the Italian artistic tradition, the relationships between the dealings and opinions of art lovers or connoisseurs, as well as investigating interrelations among the history of art, politics and society. The first part will cover Rodin's participation in the principal art exhibitions in Italy. This excursus will allow us to follow the development of knowledge of the artist's ouevre in Italy as well as the evolution of its assessment on the part of critics. This section will also cover the vicissitudes of Rodin's collectors, both private and public. The second part will concentrate on the interpretation of Rodin's work by three leading Italian critics of the day: Giovanni Cena, Vittorio Pica and Ugo Ojetti. All three, though moving in different spheres and each with his own stance, were vital to the dissemination of the French sculptor's work in Italy. We shall also tackle the fundamental rôle played by the artist himself in perfecting a "communication strategy" with regard to his own work. The study of relations between Rodin and the Italian media will lie behind this. We shall therefore examine the different means which were implemented in the creation of the "Rodin myth". The third and last part is to be considered a kind of observatory of the course and outcome of the passion for Rodin in Italy after the sculptor's death and up to the start of the 1930s
Barraillé, Pascal. "Le mythe de Venise dans l’historiographie française au dix-neuvième siècle : de l’Histoire de la République de Venise de Pierre Daru (1819) à Venise une république patricienne de Charles Diehl (1915)". Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20076.
The myth of Venice was established by venitian historians and rest on the mixed nature of three governments : aristocracy, monarchy and democracy. When the republic of Venice dies in 1797, the myth continues in France during the nineteenth century, while institutional upheavals are coming. During this period rich in political events, the french historiography offers a large space to the written works which were consacrated to Venice. The political myth of Venice inspires authors. Two periods must be taken with consideration. Before 1848, the myth of Venice is severaly contested by liberal authors who were hostile to the aristocracy. After this date, the myth is rehabilitated by authors who were in favours of the aristocracy theory and also by french republicans who use the venitian historical example to justify or to oppose the governments. From then on, the myth of Venice is a polymorphous myth and adapts to the vision of each
Bonazza, Giulia. "Essere Schiavi : Il dibattito abolizionista e le persistenze délia schiavitu negli Stati Italiani preunitari (1750-1850)". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0042.
The abolitionist movement and the juridical phases which lead to the various abolition of slavery in the 19th Century involved the majority of Europena countries. Between thèse, the Preunitarian Italian States have been in the shadows for long time. In reality there was a transnational abolitionist debate which involved the Italian area and, in certain states, the légal abolitions were ratified. The Pontifical States played an important rôle not only in Italian area but also in relation to the transnational abolitionism. In many cities of Italian States on the Mediterranean, the existence of slaves'cases in the second half of the 18th Century and in the first half of the 19th Century is proved, even though the phenomenon is decreasing. From a quantitative point of view, the expression "residual phenomenon" can be used, but the life story and the practice of slavery that we cross are significant and not différent from the practice of enslaving used in the previous centuries. The captivity, the Pirate wars, the relation between slavery and serfdom and the baptism as a way out to become free, are ail relevant aspects of this problematic question. In the century of abolitionism, forms of slavery still persisted in the Italian area
Lévy, Lionel. "Itinéraires portugais de Tunis, de Livourne et d'Amsterdam au XIXe siècle : nation, communautés, familles, entreprises". Paris, EPHE, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EPHE5017.
Vercellone, Carlo. "Accumulation primitive du capital, industrialisation et rapport salarial : une application au cas italien (1861-1990)". Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081562.
Munno, Cristina. "L' écheveau des parentèles au village : dynamiques démographiques, mobilisations réticulaires et parcours individuels dans une communauté de Vénétie au XIX siècle". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0121.
The study is made from the complete reconstruction of an industrial Italian village (textile industry) in the 19th century: Follina, in Venetia. In the 19th century, the local population rose from 1,200 inbabitants to nearly 1600. Kinship is called to report empirically its role in the transmission of the values and social capitals with regard to the community context. Kinship is observed by its ability to influence interpersonal and intergenerational relationship. Thesis' narrative is divided into two parts. On the one band an analysis of context, relationships and positions, in an almost microhistorical way, on the other band more sophisticated analysis using methods of formal Social Network Analysis and methods of Event History Analysis. Analyses focus on demographic events such as marriage, migration, death and birth control (source population registers). Through studies on the godparenthood relation, as an important social relation, it is possible to estimate in an original way the quality of the kinships' practices. The survey goes to the sense to place each actor (families, individuals) in the exact "availability" and the "quality" which he has in the village. Which considering other variables such as socio-economic, gender, age, it could be observe what are the priorities given in families, how to define the demographic choices and availability of kin when managing the emergencies and mutual support
Coffin, Jean-Christophe. "Le corps social en accusation : le thème de la dégénérescence en France et en Italie, 1850-1900". Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070085.
The scope of this research was to study the history of the idea of degeneration among psychiatrists from to close but different countries. Thus, i tried to conduct my investigation linking the history of ideas and the history of science : the first one devoted to places, the institutions, men and their works ; the second one active in catching the evolutions and the changes of the concept of degeneration. In brief, the chosen method aims to establish an historical work which takes into account the social and intellectual context of the making of the psychiatric knowledge. In the first section, i focused on b. A. Morel, author of the traite des degenerescences. The first chapters are thus devoted to the presentation of his ideas. The second section deals with the diffusion and the reception of the notion of degeneration. Then, the study is based on the analysis of works by morel, again and italian psychiatrists. The comparison of the different approaches allows the understand ing, on the one hand the reformulations of the theory of degeneration, on the other hand the emphasis on the specificities of several members of the italian psychiatrists, especially those influenced by the anthropologists ; and in fine, it points out how the concept of degeneration is seen as a relevant cocnept for the leading figures of the both psychiatries during the decades under examination
Pizanias, Nadia. "Les débats sur le Déluge au XIXe siècle : géologie et religion en France, Italie, Allemagne et Grande-Bretagne". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010560.
Finelli, Pietro. "L' image du Parlement dans les débats sur la procédure législative en France et en Italie (1815-1920)". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0052.
The subject of the dissertation is the gradual transformation of the nature of the sovereignty and of its exercise modes throughout the XIXth Century. In this context the Parliament, with its institutional evolution from the notables to party system, is a preferential viewpoint. Especially the dissertation focuses on the debate about legislative procedure and the choice between the office-system (système des bureaux) and the committee-system (système des commissions). This is not a merely technical question. First of all this debate is very important for what concerns the definition of the relationships between the political and the social sphere, in so far as it shows us the evolution from a vision of the parliament as a sociability reseau, like the salon or the club example, to politics as profession. Also the debate is important since it shows us the opposition between a holistic conception of politics (most popular in XIXth Century) where pluralism is accepted only as a step to the unity of the political body, and the supporters of pluralism and of party system. The dissertation prefers to approach these questions from a comparative standpoint aiming to show the existence of a homogeneous European (and especially French and Italian) culture. Methodologically, its approach to these question is that of an “intellectual history of the Institutions”, substantially different from any draft of the evolution of parliamentary rules: that is a history that wants to compare the different debates and deliberations and to study the links acting each time among the prescriptive element of the rule, the cultural element of the theory and the factual element of the practice
Casalena, Maria Pia. "I congressi degli scienziati nell'Europa dell'Ottocento : il modello francese e il caso italiano". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010614.
Codolo, Sara. "Il potere et la cultura : dotti e politica culturale della Republica e del regno d'Italia (1802-1814)". Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHE4030.
This thesis develops around the activities and choices of Pietro Moscati and Giovanni Scopoli, respectively first and second General Director of Education, on the relentless activities of Michele Araldi as first secretary of the National Institute, as well as on the political and cultural ideas of Giovanni Paradisi, member of the Study Commission in 1802 and president of the Royal Institute in 1810. These people are analyzed in the context of the cultural organization created by the French Government during the years of the Republic and Kingdom of Italy (1802-1814), with a foreword on the first discussions about public education and cultural institutions in the three years of democracy (1796-1799). The relationship between power and culture is analyzed through the study of cultural officials of the time, who offer a new perspective on cultural policy in Napoleonic Italy. This thesis outlines the biography of those officials and their views on the reforms of Education, on schooling and on the funding of the arts and scientific progress. This research aims at revealing the actual people, their ideas of cultural policy and their role as mediators between the Napoleonic government and the Italian intelligentsia
Caradonna, Marta. "Intellectuels, institutions et expositions : la constitution des musées et des disciplines demo-ethno-anthropologiques en Italie à partir de 1850. : une histoire croisée". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH208.
The purpose of this PhD research is to retrace the various phases of the introduction of anthropological disciplines in Italy since the mid-19th century, connecting them with the social and political context of the country. The nascent anthropology, in fact, goes hand in hand with the construction of the Italian nation, intertwining with it and playing an active role in the life of the young Kingdom of Italy, a State which was officially established in 1861. Firstly, the thesis analyses the most relevant developments of the anthropological studies, reviewing the experiences of some of its protagonists and investigating the relationships between them. Secondly, it focuses on the history of Italian museums which have shown interest in the ethno-anthropological disciplines. This study makes it possible to understand the process of building and developing knowledge on man and society, the theoretical debate which follows, the ideological positions involved and the rise of new horizons and fields of study. Retracing the facts of the main anthropological museums in Italy also allows to gain a deeper understanding of socio-historical events such as: the breakthrough of evolutionism and positivism in Italian anthropology, the transition from the age of the “museum-laboratory” to that of the “democratic” museum open to the public, the debates on the nature of ethnographic objects, the advent of ethnographic museography, the Italian unification of 1861, the brief experience of Italian colonialism, the Esposizione Internazionale in Rome of 1911, the Primo Congresso di Etnografia and the relationship between Italian anthropology and Fascism.The birth of anthropological museums shows how in Italy, where the origins of anthropology are strongly characterized by the medical-biological approach, the interest on physical characters precedes and contains those on cultural aspects. This is evident in the first museums analysed here, such as the Museo Nazionale di Antropologia e Etnologia founded in 1869 by Paolo Mantegazza, the Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico founded by Luigi Pigorini in 1875 and the Museo di Etnografia Italiana created by Lamberto Loria and Aldobrandino Mochi in 1906.The goal is to understand the linkage between the places where the anthropological knowledge has been exhibited and the intellectuals who have studied and produced such knowledge in different socio-historical and political eras of Italy. To study these multiple dimensions I have also reconstructed the dynamics that led to the birth and the development of the Museo Nazionale Preistorico Etnografico “Luigi Pigorini” and the Museo Nazionale delle Arti e Tradizioni Popolari “Lamberto Loria” in Rome
Coppola, Maurizio. "L'italianité et le folklore. Représentations et usages des traditions populaires en Italie : du romantisme au fascisme (1800-1932)". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0150.
Since 1800, folklore, or the study of popular culture, has encountered a constant development in Italy. This is primarily a direct result of the country’s political unification and its subsequent evolution as a modern nation. Up until the Second Congress of Popular Culture (1932) discussions on Italian identity or what is referred to as “italianity” have constituted the dominant references in debates and folklore studies. From Romanticism to Fascism, by way of Positivism and Idealism, popular culture’s “italianity” has been diversely yet constantly evoked by folklorists in the aim of determining a fundamental Italian “spirit”, capable of granting strength, a sense and legitimacy to the country’s political unification. In a more variable and general manner, this identity has been perceived as an aesthetic one, that is, as an artform consisting of a particular way of being and expressing one’s self, characteristic to all Italians throughout time and space and belonging solely to them
A partire dell'Ottocento, il folklore o lo studio delle tradizioni popolari ha conosciuto uno sviluppo costante in Italia e questo è strettamente connesso all'unificazione politica del paese e alla sua evoluzione come nazione moderna. Fino al secondo Congresso di tradizioni popolari (1932), il discorso sull'identità italiana o sull'italianità è stato il riferimento centrale dei dibattiti e degli studi dei folkloristi. Dal romanticismo al fascismo, passando per il positivismo e l'idealismo, l'italianità delle tradizioni popolari è stata, in maniera diversa ma costante, di volta in volta rievocata dai folkloristi per determinare uno "spirito" fondamentale degli Italiani, dando forza, senso e legittimità all'unità politica del paese. E, in modo variabile ma generale, questo spirito è percepito come un'identità estetica, ovvero un'arte specifica d'essere e d'esprimersi comune agli Italiani nel tempo e nello spazio
Multon, Hilaire. "Les temps sont proches : prophétisme politique et culture apocalyptique dans le catholicisme français et italien (1859-1878)". Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120049.
In the context of the disappearance of the Papal State from 1859, apparitions, inarvels and prophecies grew in number in the French and Italian Catholic communities. Their use with the aim of political and religious restoration characterized the devotional literature of this perioci and nourished the hopes of legitimist trends opposed to the governments in place. In the Italian peninsula, these forms of devotion were part of the opposition to the new political regime around the Family of Savoie. In France, they fuelled political stirrings about the comte of Chambord, especially after the defeat against Prussia and the Commune. Leveraging the political legacy of Catholic intransigence, these apocalyptic concerns spread from foci that sustained genuine networks of devotion. Facing the expansion of this nebula, which could only be partly controlled by the magisterium, the Church reacted with caution and took a pragmatic attitude in their dealing with the devotions in relation to visionaries, prophetesses and stigmatized people. The Hierarchy intervened at different levels to control spontaneous devotions and, in some cases, to condenm beliefs deemed heretic. Faced with the problem of public order, secular authorities seleetively intervened and summoned certain prophets. This time of apocalyptical stirrings was also characterized by the growing assertiveness of medical authorities in the field of mystical phenomena and by the diffusion of critical rationalism. The death of "martyr-pope" Pie IX, in january 1878, the durability of the Third Republic and the Italian monarchy, and the emergence of catholic associationism slew down the crystallization of the conflict between the Church and the political modernity
Stizioli, Chiara Stella. "Les voyageuses françaises en Italie du Nord au XIXe siècle". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040054.
Italy has always been a privileged destination and has welcomed travelers from all over the world, and the French have a very important place. Many travelers felt the need to write about their travels in Italy and we still have their letters, true accounts of their visits and personal diaries. In the 19th century Italy remained a favorite destination for the upper classes, and women, often absent from previous travel narratives, started to be associated with Italian travel. Italian travel has been the theme for many studies in the last few decades. I decided to integrate these studies and give priority to 19th century women travelers in the North of Italy, those closest to French society. Feminine sensitivity is different to that of men, and even though women travelers are victims of the same prejudices we will be able to see Italy from an original point of view depending on the classes concerned. I compared women’s accounts of their travels with those of men and also with guide books which were having more and more success among travelers. Among recurrent themes, departure and everyday life have a very important place in women’s travel narratives. My purpose is not only to compare these accounts, tracing a common line and analyzing the differences between these Italian experiences; it is also to understand whether we can speak of a purely feminine vision and writing for Italian travel
Brieu-Galaup, Florence. "Le refuge Vénitien : espace mythique, poétique de l'espace (1830-1848)". Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20093.
From 1830 to 1848, a lot of pieces of wrinting celebrate Venice which seems to be a romantic refuge. The town compensates the political disappointments and the spriritual doubts of this period
Buffaria, Pérette-Cécile. "Miroirs et mirages : évolution de l'écriture autobiographique en Italie de 1789 à 1912". Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040404.
Mourabet, Mohamad Nabil. "Le corps expéditionnaire de Rome, 1848-1870". Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010563.
This study reports the adventures of the french expedition in rome : the preparation, the leading and the consequences. The analysis of a particular case allows to precise all means that france deployed to implement her foreign policy. This subject, limited in his military point of view and in time, 1848-1870, is in keeping with a general background for france : history of the iid republic and the second empire ; for italy, it is the war of independence and italian unity. The plan is chronological. This thesis has six parts. The two first have four chapters and the four others have three chapters. The first part describes the french intervention in rome from the making of the army of the alps until the attack of april 30th, 1849 when the expeditionary force is pushed back by the defenders of rome. The second part explains the french reaction : de lesseps is negociating with the triumvirate and meanwhile oudinot is ordered to attack again. The third part describes the siege of rome which will only be conquered during the third attack leaded by the expeditionary force. The fourth part recounts the organisation of order through a general disarming. By multiplying efforts for the come-back of the pope, which took place in april 1850, the french are establishing fermly in rome. We have given some elements of the organisation and the daily working of different services. The fifth part shows the necessity of maintening the french in rome and reminds that the strength has been reduced to only one division. The war of 1859 and his consequences complete this part. In the sixth part, france engages herself to remove her troops but the intervention of garibaldi obliges her to forward new troops which will be definitively removed in 1870. The history of the expeditionary force in rome, 1848-1870, shows how the army has been the instrument of the french foreign policy
Maroufi, Karine. "Le cicerone et le touriste : lire et dire Rome aux XIXème et XXème siècles". Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030104.
From the age of stendhal up to the present day, the "guide book" genre dealing with the roman ruins has radically changed. The renewal can be perceived through an evolution in the way of writing which tends to become autobiographical. In the same way, the representation of the antique city has also gone through a change. From academic descriptions, it has become the reflection of the imagination of the "author-visitor". This transformation echoes this of the ruin, itself linked with the evolution of its environment. Therefore it is inseparable from the vandalism which has always assailed it
Patierno, Alvio. "Le théâtre français à Naples dans la seconde moitié du XIX siècle". Saint-Etienne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STET2126.
Presenting french prose theater in Naples between 1860 an 1900 involves not only illstrating the specific traits of the italian mania for all things french, the prestige of french literature in the world and the dramatic arts in that historic period, but also to place these phenomena in the historical, political, sociological and cultural context of a country which had experienced the fall of the Bourbon Kingdom of Laples before proceeding with its own unification and the slow process of modernization. Naples transformed itself from being the capital of a kingdom to being a regional capital, but il neverless could boast of the largest number of theaters on the peninsula, while its dialect theater was independent and parallel with respect to the international circuit. Research for information regarding french works performed in the 40-year period was conducted in sources such as archives, newspapers, magazines and posters, which were compared to information found in a vast bibliography, allowing for the verification of dates through a dua historical-textual approach. The objective of this research, which provides an overall view, is to uncover and explore the true dimensions of the french colonization of theater in Naples and to provide an analytical repertoire of authors and works that were popular with audiences and critics for different reasons. Among the widespread prejudice and little-known details, it has been possible to evaluate the effective influence and the importance of thse theatrical works, vaudeville shows and dramatic pieces overall, on the dramatic evolution of italian theater in general and on napolitan theater in particular
Gasperoni, Michaël. "De la parenté à l'époque moderne : systèmes, réseaux et pratiques. Juifs et chrétiens en Italie centrale". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0052.
This PhD thesis focuses on family and kinship with the aim of comparing two populations from the north of Marches in Italy: the small Republic of San Marino and the Jewish minority which is scattered into small communitiestowards Ancona. A presentation of the fields of research and the issues at stake is followed by a discussion of these families' stories by way of anthroponymy. The genesis of patronymics has been particularly belated in this region and corresponds to the assertion of a specific conception of family and of a reinforcement of social control over the population. Particular at1;ention is given to the kinship 'system', Jewish or Christian, with regard to recent or more distant historiography. It is challenged by the empirical data col!ected in the field. Indeed, a large part of the work presented here is dedicated to a systematic gathering of genealogical data. This intense investigation led to the creation of two networks, the corpus Ebrei and San Marino, which have been analysed using different digital tools, including the Puck software, recently developed by Klaus Hamberger. This PhD thesis aims ultimately to show the extent to which kinship is in fact an efficient tool to gain a better understanding of a large number of past social practices
Minervini, Fausto. "Photographie et peinture entre Italie et France dans la seconde moitié du XIXème siècle : production, édition et dynamiques de marché". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040065.
During the second half of Nineteenth century, as in the other visual arts, France, and particularly Paris, was a fundamental reference point for the reception of the innovations of the photographic domain in the Italian artistic circles. French photography and its protagonists offered to the Italian communities eminent models and vectors for the circulation and the reception of their production abroad, as well as functional medium in the dynamics which regulated the international market of their works. The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of French photography on Italian artists. However, in these deep and mutual exchanges between the two countries, Italian photography also played a decisive role for the development of several European artistic movements. These considerations emphasize the large photography’s circulation throughout the Nineteenth century that allowed it to become a common basis for some deeply different artistic schools
Sarlin, Simon. "Le gouvernement des Bourbons de Naples en exil et la mobilisation européenne contre le Risorgimento entre 1861 et 1866". Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE4041.
Between 1861 and 1866, the Bourbons of Naples and the Neapolitan government-in-exile in Rome fought to maintain the loyalty of their supporters in their former Kingdom and win recognition from the international community, in the hope of hastening the collapse of unified Italy that they deemed inevitable. By comparing the Bourbons’ records to others sources (police, military and diplomatic) in Italy and abroad, this study first examines the relationships between the Neapolitan government-in-exile, legitimist emigration and domestic opposition, from the fall of Gaeta to the revolt of Palermo. Then, a section devoted to the anti-Italian guerrilla in the Southern border of the Papal States focuses on the participation of foreign volunteers in the service of King Francis II and the attitude of the Roman authorities towards the activities of the Neapolitan government and emigration. Analyzing the actual mechanisms of the international armed mobilization in favor of the Bourbons of Naples, the following section discusses the idea of a European counter-revolutionary solidarity that expresses itself throughout the nineteenth century through the circulation of combatants. The last part brings out the Neapolitan government-in-exile’s efforts to ensure, through its network of diplomatic agents, both the support of European powers and the sympathy of public opinion
Fruci, Gian Luca. "Il popolo elettore : discorso, norma e pratiche del primo voto a suffragio universale in Francia e in Italia (1848-1849)". Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0135.
The thesis examines - through a comparative approach - the first European realization of the maie direct universal suffrage, which takes place both under the Second French Republic and the Italian démocratie expériences (Venice, Rome, Tuscany). As far as public discourse and law are concemed, the thesis focuses onto the debates starting from the Thirties and the 1848-49's codifications. On the contrary, as far as the political expériences are concerned, it analyses the convocation of the French and the Roman Constituent Assemblies. Thus, this spécifie multidimensional approach allows an actual vérification of the collective aspect of the 1848-49's v te. Besides, it shows itself not as the resuit of the interaction between an arcaic society and political vision and some assumed modem institutions, but as the conséquence of a spécifie concept of the suffrage and as its tranformation into électoral rules. Yet, the protagonist of the whole process is not the individual elector, but a sort of "elector people", who is celebrated precisely because of both his wiseness and his natural inclination towards the best possible choice
Garric, Jean-Philippe. "Recueils d'Italie : les modèles italiens dans les livres d'architecture français et le renouveau de la théorie architecturale au début du XIXe siècle". Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082123.
Italian models in French books of architecture and the renewal of architectural theory at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The Italian models in French books of architecture serve as the focus of this study which undertakes to elucidate the role of the recueils d'Italie published in France during the first quarter of the XIXth century and the extent of their contribution to the pedagogical theory informing the introduction of the practical project at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. We identify the extent of Italian references from the Renaissance onwards both the Italian books predating 1789 and in French books up to the beginning of the XXth century. Particular consideration is given to texts devoted to the buildings of Italy by Percier et Fontaine and their pupils at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Grandjean de Montigny, Clochar and Gauthier. Presenting new material in new form, these writers gave a new shape to architectural theory, implicitly demonstrating a mimetic method based on a sophisticated exploitation of the geometrical line. This theory of composition based on examples, with its consciously picturesque overtones, is to be seen as the product of the professional skills of an artistic élite fully aware of its inherent worth and setting itself against the " méthode des petits carreaux " wich was being taugh at that time by Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Like Charles Normand and Séheult, Durand had a quite different view of Italy, based on examples provided by other authors and the painter Constant Bourgeois. The neoclassical Italian model was an ambitious and fragile graphic synthesis constructed from heterogenous materials and which had to contend with the success of eclecticism and gothic 'restoration' with the progress of the discipline of art history and with a growing demand for precision coming from the archaeologists. These underlying currents, all striving to reinforce the individual nature of every building and searching for new continuities, gather strenth after 1830 alongside the appearance of a new configuration of theory : the architectural journal
Dupeyron, Françoise. "La scène italienne : roman et théâtralité chez G. Eliot, G. Gissing, H. James et W.D. Howells, 1875-1890". Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030105.
The aim of this phd is to study the way in wich italy is represented in anglo-saxon literature at the end of the nineteenth century. The novels and works of eliot, gissing, howells, and james, belonf to the period 1875-1890, but the introduction presents an overview of the tradition of the italian journey, and of the representation of italy in fiction and literature from the renaissance onwards. This aims at stressing the various influence still to be felt at the end of the victorian period. The firest chapter is devoted to the study of the italien setting, from a historical and spatial point of view, but also from a pictorial point of view. Indeed, the tradition of painting on italian subjects conditions the writing mode of the works which are being studied in the phd, and gives them a pictorial aspect. Theatricality, to finish with, is the main feature of the italian setting, which is a stage, both materially and psychologically. The second chapter is devoted to comedy in italy, in the novels of gissing, howells, and to some extent in two of james's works. The third chapter deals with the tragic qualities of the italian setting in roderick hudson, and the portrait of a lady by james
Ciccioli, Sabrina. "Le Voyage à Rome de Pierre Lacour Fils (1855) : le regard d'un peintre bordelais sur l'Italie de 1824-1825". Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30028.
The dissertation titled « Pierre Lacour’s Trip to Rome (1855): 1824-1825 Italy through the eyes of a Bordelese painter » is the study of a travel narrative entitled Trip to Rome, which is conserved at the Municipal Library of Bordeaux. The author of this manuscript is the painter, engraver and scholar Pierre Lacour the younger (1778-1859) who recounts in this text the trip he took to Italy from 1824 to 1825. This text which was written around 1855, thirty years after the trip and which comprises 6 volumes, is based on the notes he took during his voyage. Along with the travel narrative, each volume consists of images of the places the traveller visited. Some of the pictures are the very own Pierre Lacour’s own work (drawings and sketches he made during his travel as well as the engravings he later produced from these sketches), on the other hand other pictures he bought during his trip (maps of Italian cities, engravings of monuments). This dissertation examines the manuscript from three different angles: first as a text in the travel narrative genre and especially writings on travels in Italy showing the evolution from 1700 to 1800, secondly as a text testifying to the author’s taste and sensibility, finally as a testimony of the links between Bordeaux and Italy at the time notably the role that Italian art and culture played in the work of artists and notable citizens of Bordeaux between the 18th century and 19th century
Guetta, Alessandro. "La philosophie religieuse d'Elie Benamozegh". Paris, EPHE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EPHEA006.
The thesis deals with a case of "cultural adaptation", in the 19th century. It is about the Italian rabbi of Moroccan origin Elijah Eenamozegh (1823-1900), a cabbalist by education and a philosopher by calling. He had to cope with the ideology of progress and Hegelian idealism, two secularisation inclined trends. The notions of history, progress, dialectics, are analysed by him with conceptual instruments drawn mainly from kabala; but basically, his thinking has a lot in common with the "moderate" catholic thinkers of the time, such as the Italian Gioberti and the Frenchmen Lamennais and Ballanche. Benamozegh's linguistics too, has a double inspiration: kabala and the "philosophical philology" of Giambattista Vico (17th-18th cent. )
Arru, Francesco. "La Vita Nova de Dante chez les écrivains de la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle, en France, Italie, Grande-Bretagne". Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040201.
Cioccolo, Floriana. "Marianna Candidi Dionigi : une femme écrivain et peintre à l'âge néoclassique". Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN1650.
The edition and comment of the letters Marianna Dionigi Candidi (1757-1826) and those of her daughter Enrichetta (1784-1868) shed new light on the knowledge of Roman society in the early nineteenth century. In this way, literati almost forgotten are recalled. Moreover, some of the leading characters of Italian neoclassical literature take advantage from these new data. The thesis analyzes also the two treatises published by Marianna with an historical and literary study. Precetti elementari sulla pittura de’ paesi is confirmed as a learning exercise. As for Viaggi in alcune città del Lazio, this research has focused the debate over the « Pelasgic » theory proposed by the abbot Petit-Radel that the Roman lady shared. She delivered to this treatise the essence of her identity, both on the page and in images. The conception and the publishing enterprise (edition, printing and sale) has been the main topics we investigated by comparing some passages in the text with the correspondence of the Dionigi mother and daughter. In a letter to Diodata Saluzzo-Roero another treatise, unfinished and lost, is analyzed starting from its actual title (Storia del mio tempo), its arguments and ideology. From these contacts emerges a network between Turin, Rome and Naples linking a current of Catholic loyalist who cultivated their own vision of the forthcoming Risorgimento
Vasile, Isabella. "Le théâtre entre les Alpes-Maritimes et la Ligurie au XIXème siècle". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR2019.
This doctoral thesis aims at the study of cultural exchanges, within the theatre framework, between Italy and France, and more particularly between the West of Liguria and the Alpes-Maritimes Department during the 19th century. It’s divided into five parts. The first part studies the history of the territory of the current Department of Alpes-Maritimes and Western Liguria and their cultures. The second part deals with the theater’s story and its function in France and Italy, especially in the Napoleonic period, and during the annexation of the County of Nice to France, The third part describes the theatrical structures of the two territories in the 19th century. The fourth part evokes the roads in these territories and their evolution over the century, as well as the travels and the living conditions of the artists who moved, crossing the border if necessary. Finally, the fifth part, examines the performances and the audiences of each theatre. This thesis is accompanied by appendice that show many of the archived documents used for our studies and analyzes
Lemaitre, Capucine. "La découverte, la restauration et la sauvegarde des mosai͏̈ques antiques en France au XIXème siècle". Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20046.
Associated with the notion of national antiquities and " historical monument ", the history of the conservation of antique mosaics comes within the framework of the patrimonial universe in the 19th century. The discipline progresses from the " 1er Empire " to the First World War, within multiple policies of conservation conducted by national museums, the Commission of historical monuments and local erudition nets. Italy has given the first models of restored mosaics on which antiquarians and architects based their conception of the Antiquity. Birthplace of roman and venitian schools of mosaic, Italy provided France with practitioners who brought their artistic skills as well as their restoration technics. Thus, they allowed France to pass on its ancient heritage to future generations. The restoration as a mirror of an emerging doctrine and subject to archeological knowledge disparities and different cultural policies of the moment, is characterized by a multitude of choices and results. It begins with a complete and idealized restitution of antique work and progresses towards a limited intervention so as to preserve the integrity of the archeological proof
Heyriès, Hubert. "Les militaires savoyards et niçois entre deux patries (1848-1871) : Approche d'histoire militaire comparée armée française, armée piémontaise, armée italienne". Montpellier 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON30004.
In 1860, 602 officers and 12 329 savoyards and nicois had to choice between france and italy in conformity with the treaty of turin signed the 24 mars of 1860 by france and piemont. This treaty gave the savoie and nice to france. So, from 1848 to 1871, these soldiers have been taken between two countries. There are three periods: -between two culturs, 1848-1860 -between two lands, 1860 -between provincial identity and national identity, 1860-1871 from 1848 to 1860, in the employ of the king of piemont-sardaigne, these soldiers chose army by tradition and by ambition. Soldiers of quality, the officers took advantage of wars in 1848-1849, 1855-1856 and 1859, but the system of recruiting imposed by the general la marmora maked heavy the conscription. So, civils and soldiers voted in majority to the reunion of savoie and nice to france the 15-16 and 22-23 april 1860. The passage of these soldiers in france has been easy. But the officers have been divided. The minority chose france with reticence. The majority chose italy by fidelity to the king, by national feeling and by ambition. But these choices have been tragic for many of them. From 1860 to 1871, the integration in france has been difficult and disappointing, and the french system of recruiting permitted an integration +by force;. In italy, the integration has been fast, the carriers more prosperous, the mutation from alpes to sicile accepted. But the relation ships with savoie and nice have not been cut. In 1870-1871, the war between french and germans waked up risorgimental dreams in italy, while savoyars and nicois, for the firs time, fighted for france and their lands. Gradually, the national identity and the provincial identity met and the integration became a reality
Couzin, Thierry. "Principes dynastiques et question nationale dans le royaume de Sardaigne : étude sur l'affirmation de l'état moderne dans les pays savoisiens au cours du règne de Charles-Albert (1831-1848)". Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE2017.
Comoy, Fusaro Edwige. "La névrose dans la littérature italienne (1865-1922)". Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040187.
From 1865 neurosis became a major topos in Italian literature. This phenomenon coincided with both significant developments in psychiatry and the triumph of positivism. Writers were much influenced by science, which could not properly define what neurosis was, and therefore referred to it as a form of degeneration of civilised man. Yet men of letters were taking a far more innovative view of it than men of science. Authors were intuitively discovering the nature and mechanisms of neuroses, although with no help from psychoanalysis - the present study goes no further than 1922, thus covering a period when Freudian ideas had not yet begun to pervade literature. With its undiscovered physical location, neurosis represented a major challenge for scientists, while writers exploited its semantic vacuum in order to explore research tracks that would diverge from pure anatomy. The topos therefore became rich and multi-faceted, passing on through generations and different currents of thoughts while preserving its effectiveness. If writers of Scapigliatura showed to be avant-garde in their ignoring of any progressive value attached to chronology, there actually existed a general tendency among writers to no longer consider neurotics as mentally ill and substancially different from normality. For most of them, neurosis infact mirrored all those invisible instances that concur to constitute the ego. Archetypes and topoi that characterise the trend of literary neuroses are means of defence: both pathology and the link between neurotics and specific social categories (artists, women, aristocrats) are clear signs of reluctance towards the subversive discovery of the unconscious. As time went by, writers became disillusioned, and with Pirandello and Tozzi human condition embraced neurosis, which finally appeared under the light of a redefined normality
Schianchi, Matteo. "La dette symbolique. Une étude d’histoire de l’infirmité (Milan, 1860-1915)". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0177/document.
This research deals with the topic of infirmity as a historical subject matter and for analysis. The age and the field chosen are an opportunity to analyze the sedimentation and renewal of some mechanisms based on the inferiorization of the infirm. The life and social paths of individuals from different social backgrounds are a means of understanding some dynamics, which has led me to formulate the concept of symbolic debt. Inspired by P. Bourdieu’s theory of sociology and his concept of symbolic violence, this idea is a useful tool to help understand the long history of social and imaginary conceptions that inferiorize an invalid through a mechanism of reversal of causes and effects. It is not the physical corporeal deficit which produces this inferiorization, but it is this inferiorizing vision that reads the physical data by decreeing the statute of inferiority of the individual. This social qualification seeks and finds reasons justifying it in the corporeal objectivity of the infirm.In the second part, we are faced with certain mechanisms, between practices and speech, which put us in front of the long history and the renewal of these plans of thought and action. At first, a number of cases of dispensation for irregularities by physical defect. The priest, who has to submit himselft because of his infirmity, becomes unworthy and irregular in the exercise of his ministry. The religious construction of the infirmity is also analyzed from the pastoral medicine, the discipline of the program of training of the priests, as well as from the theological elaboration. The silences which surround the individuals cause incidents within the industrial system, together with the opaqueness and the insufficiency of the development of the devices which should supply the first form of repair, establish, during the chosen historic period, new forms which contribute to the inferiorization of the status of the infirm.The third part is concerned with the analysis of certain discursive practices with a strong power to build public opinion and an image of the infirm: the chronicles of a daily paper and a corpus of more than a hundred literary texts. In conclusion, it raises again the question of the construction of the object of research within the study of disability, a field very articulated, very conflicting and strongly oriented toward action and involvement
Menet-Genty, Janine. "Théâtre et société en Italie (1860-1915) : un nouveau répertoire et de nouvelles structures théâtrales pour une société en mutation". Nancy 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN21023.
The Italian theater of the late 19th c. And early 20th c. Is little known and neglected by critics, though it contributed to the national revival once political unity was achieved in Italy. Turning away from dialects it chooses the national Italian language ; through its original approach to contemporary social issues it takes an independent stand against the overwhelming influence of French and Scandinavian drama. Hundreds of new plays are written each year by professional or amateur playrights. The plays are produced by dozens of itinerant troups, travelling all over the Italian territory, and even going on tours abroad. Leading actors according to tradition direct their own troup. This period is also a time of experiments : "permanent" theaters are created ; playrights, actors and company directors organize themselves in the defence of their respective interests ; a specialized press develops and increases the theater's impact on a large and enthusiastic audience. Authors deal with subjects that reflect the concerns of a rapidly rising bourgeoisie. Such themes as family and money are part of all plots. Some problem plays stage familiar concerns on the contemporary social scene, like duels and suicide. Others illustrate the new laws, underline the difficulties implied by their enforcement and suggest necessary reforms in the fields of marriage, separation, divorce, heritage, etc. All plays rely on traditional moral standards. The present work pertains to both literature and the sociology of theater. As we study the texts of the plays, the letters exchanged by authors and actors as well as the archives of the theater companies we draw attention to a literary genre which often provides an accurate image of the new Italy while revealing the obsessions of a rapidly transforming society
Bron, Grégoire. "Révolution et nation entre le Portugal et l'Italie : les relations politiques luso-italiennes des Lumières à l'Internationale libérale de 1830". Paris, EPHE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPHE4025.
This dissertation adopts a transnational perspective in order to analyze the political contacts between the Italian peninsula and Portugal from the Enlightenment to the 1830's revolutions. It questions the relevance of the Portuguese monarchy in the Mediterranean space during the Atlantic revolutions through the analysis of political connexions between the two regions. Italian political exiles of 1821 and 1831 are one central embodiment of them. Adopting a social approach, this study analyzes the journey of two generations of exiles, and their participation in a transnational revolutionary movement: the Liberal International. It shows that the Italian exiles carry on their political commitment in Portugal and that their experience there provides them with a new conception of the nation for which they will fight in Italy in 1848. This dissertation brings new elements of understanding in three historiographical fields. First it contributes to the historiography of the Risorgimento in two ways: by showing the importance of the 1831 revolutions and their subsequent exile for the Risorgimento as a mass movement, as it is considered by recent scholar interpretations, and by underlining the impact of exile on the intellectual construction of Italian nationalism. Second it highlights the crucial importance of the 1830 uprisings in the evolution of the International Liberal, which emanates, from that period, from a transnational civil society, supported by a European public opinion. Third, it shows that the Italian exiles in Portugal contribute to the emergence of a liberal Mediterranean space during the Restoration
Fournier-Finocchiaro, Laura. "Giosuè Carducci, 1835-1907, et la construction de la nation italienne". Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN1379.