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Allignet, Jeanine, Sylvie Aubert, Keith G. H. Dyke y Nevine El Solh. "Staphylococcus caprae Strains Carry Determinants Known To Be Involved in Pathogenicity: a Gene Encoding an Autolysin-Binding Fibronectin and the ica Operon Involved in Biofilm Formation". Infection and Immunity 69, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2001): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.2.712-718.2001.
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ABSTRACT The atlC gene (1,485 bp), encoding an autolysin which binds fibronectin, and the ica operon, involved in biofilm formation, were isolated from the chromosome of an infectious isolate of Staphylococcus caprae and sequenced. AtlC (155 kDa) is similar to the staphylococcal autolysins Atl, AtlE, Aas (48 to 72% amino acid identity) and contains a putative signal peptide of 29 amino acids and two enzymatic centers (N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase and endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase) interconnected by three imperfect fibronectin-binding repeats. The glycine-tryptophan (GW) motif found in the central and end part of each repeat may serve for cell surface anchoring of AtlC as they do in Listeria monocytogenes. The S. caprae ica operon contains four genes closely related to S. epidermidis and S. aureus icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaDgenes (≥ 68% similarity) and is preceded by a gene similar toicaR (≥70% similarity). The polypeptides deduced from theS. caprae ica genes exhibit 67 to 88% amino acid identity to those of S. epidermidis and S. aureus icagenes. The ica operon and icaR gene were analyzed in 14 S. caprae strains from human specimens or goats' milk. Some of the strains produced biofilm, and others did not. All strains carry the ica operon and icaR of the same sizes and in the same relative positions, suggesting that the absence of biofilm formation is not related to the insertion of a mobile element such as an insertion sequence or a transposon.
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Sanchez-Lavega, A. "Observations of Saturn's Ribbon Wave 14 Years after Its Discovery". Icarus 158, n.º 1 (julio de 2002): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2002.6864.
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Horak, Johannes, Marlis Hofer, Ethan Gutmann, Alexander Gohm y Mathias W. Rotach. "A process-based evaluation of the Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research Model (ICAR) 1.0.1". Geoscientific Model Development 14, n.º 3 (23 de marzo de 2021): 1657–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-1657-2021.
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Abstract. The evaluation of models in general is a nontrivial task and can, due to epistemological and practical reasons, never be considered complete. Due to this incompleteness, a model may yield correct results for the wrong reasons, i.e., via a different chain of processes than found in observations. While guidelines and strategies exist in the atmospheric sciences to maximize the chances that models are correct for the right reasons, these are mostly applicable to full physics models, such as numerical weather prediction models. The Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research (ICAR) model is an atmospheric model employing linear mountain wave theory to represent the wind field. In this wind field, atmospheric quantities such as temperature and moisture are advected and a microphysics scheme is applied to represent the formation of clouds and precipitation. This study conducts an in-depth process-based evaluation of ICAR, employing idealized simulations to increase the understanding of the model and develop recommendations to maximize the probability that its results are correct for the right reasons. To contrast the obtained results from the linear-theory-based ICAR model to a full physics model, idealized simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are conducted. The impact of the developed recommendations is then demonstrated with a case study for the South Island of New Zealand. The results of this investigation suggest three modifications to improve different aspects of ICAR simulations. The representation of the wind field within the domain improves when the dry and the moist Brunt–Väisälä frequencies are calculated in accordance with linear mountain wave theory from the unperturbed base state rather than from the time-dependent perturbed atmosphere. Imposing boundary conditions at the upper boundary that are different to the standard zero-gradient boundary condition is shown to reduce errors in the potential temperature and water vapor fields. Furthermore, the results show that there is a lowest possible model top elevation that should not be undercut to avoid influences of the model top on cloud and precipitation processes within the domain. The method to determine the lowest model top elevation is applied to both the idealized simulations and the real terrain case study. Notable differences between the ICAR and WRF simulations are observed across all investigated quantities such as the wind field, water vapor and hydrometeor distributions, and the distribution of precipitation. The case study indicates that the precipitation maximum calculated by the ICAR simulation employing the developed recommendations is spatially shifted upwind in comparison to an unmodified version of ICAR. The cause for the shift is found in influences of the model top on cloud formation and precipitation processes in the ICAR simulations. Furthermore, the results show that when model skill is evaluated from statistical metrics based on comparisons to surface observations only, such an analysis may not reflect the skill of the model in capturing atmospheric processes like gravity waves and cloud formation.
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Lynch, David K., Ray W. Russell y Michael L. Sitko. "3- to 14-μm Spectroscopy of Comet C/1999 T1 (McNaught–Hartley)". Icarus 159, n.º 1 (septiembre de 2002): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.2002.6882.
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Bhurtyal, Kiran, Jennifer Nguyen, Anthony Clarke, Kelsey OYong, Sandeep Bhaurla, Eric Takiguchi, Leslie Baldwin y Zachary Rubin. "90. Impact of Infection Control Assessment and Response (ICAR) Visit on Candida auris Colonization Rates at Seven Long Term Acute Care Hospitals (LTACH) in Los Angeles County". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 8, Supplement_1 (1 de noviembre de 2021): S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab466.090.
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Abstract Background Public health authorities often use Infection Control Assessment and Response (ICAR) visits during Candida auris (C. auris) outbreak investigation to identify facility-level infection prevention and control (IPC) practice gaps and make recommendations to address those gaps. As an adjunct to ICAR visit, point prevalence surveys (PPS) provide an objective measure to determine if IPC recommendations are implemented. Because they require significant public health resources to perform, we evaluated the impact of ICAR visits on C. auris colonization rates. Methods PPS were conducted at seven long-term acute-care hospitals (LTACH) with C. auris outbreaks in Los Angeles County from July 2020 to May 2021. Skin swabs collected at PPS were tested for C. auris colonization by PCR technique. Pre-ICAR PPS results were compared with the average of two serial post-ICAR PPS results using repeated measures ANOVA test. Linear regression was used to estimate associations between individual ICAR domains and C. auris colonization. Results 54 PPS were conducted at seven LTACHs with at least one ICAR visit made for every two PPS. On average, PPS were conducted 14 days (range 1-15 days) before and 10 days (range 4-33 days) after an ICAR visit. PPS positive rates with ICAR visit dates for each LTACH are shown in figure 1. Overall, ICAR visits were associated with a significant decrease (p=0.035) in the average of the positive rates in two serial post-ICAR PPS. When individual domain (hand hygiene, contact precautions, and environmental disinfection) of ICAR tool was analyzed, only adherence to environmental disinfection was significantly associated (p=0.038) with decrease in C. auris colonization rates. There was a moderate negative correlation (R2 = 0.26, β= -0.33) between environmental disinfection adherence and the magnitude of decrease in the colonization rates across all LTACHs (Figure 2). Figure 1 Figure 2 Conclusion ICAR visits were found to be significantly associated with a decrease in the average PPS positive rate on serial PPS. Parts of the ICAR tool that assessed environmental disinfection at the facility seemed most correlated with decrease in C. auris colonization rate. Streamlining the ICAR process to focus on the most impactful parts of ICAR tool may be a more efficient intervention to control C. auris outbreaks. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Estey, Chris y Peter Grandsard. "ICAR '96 Conference Highlights - Part 2". Laboratory Automation News 1, n.º 3 (julio de 1996): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/221106829600100303.
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The International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Applied to Analytical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine has become the premier meeting dedicated to expanding the knowledge base in the rapidly evolving field of laboratory automation. This year was the fifth consecutive year for the International Conference, and we experienced impressive growth in registrations and exhibitions. The conference, held at the Sheraton Hotel and Marina in San Diego, California, featured 51 exhibitors, 14 sponsors, 54 oral presentations, 41 posters, and over 600 registrants and exhibitor associates. In the last issue of LAN, we covered the first day of scientific sessions which focused on artificial intelligence as well as the final session on novel technology. In this second part of a three-part article, we summarize Part 1 of the parallel scientific session of the conference.
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Lynch, D. "3- to 14- μm Spectroscopy of Comet 55P/Tempel–Tuttle, Parent Body of the Leonid Meteors". Icarus 144, n.º 1 (marzo de 2000): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6260.
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Lloyd-Krejci, Buffy, Katherine Ellingson y Elias Coury. "Assessing Policies Versus Practices Utilizing the CDC Infection Control Assessment and Response Tool". Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (octubre de 2020): s131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.641.
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Background: The Infection Control Assessment and Response (ICAR) tool was developed by the CDC following the 2014 Ebola outbreak. Over a 3-year period, the CDC dispensed Funding: to all public health divisions in all 50 states to implement and promote the ICAR. The ICAR was developed as a self-assessment tool to evaluate policies, competencies, and practices across healthcare settings. The primary aim of the tool and associated Funding: was to guide quality improvement activities by addressing the identified gaps in infection prevention (IP). Independent of state funding, we sought to use the ICAR to evaluate whether there were differences in reported policies from observed practices related to hand hygiene (HH) and personal protective equipment (PPE) use in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs), and outpatient pain clinics (OPCs). Methods: From November 2018 to August 2019, we conducted in-person ICAR assessments in 7 LTCFs in 3 states (Arizona, Utah, and Idaho), 2 ASCs in 2 states (Arizona, Indiana), and 5 OPCs in 1 state (Arizona). All on-site assessments were conducted with the ICAR tool by a board-certified infection preventionist. The paper form was converted to a mobile compatible digital audit tool utilizing Microsoft Forms on the Microsoft 365 platform. Once a survey was completed, it was sent to an Excel database and analyzed utilizing SPSS software. Results: All facilities (14 of 14, 100%) had a designated person responsible for coordinating and/or directing the IP program. Moreover, 4 of 7 LTCFs (57%), 2 of 2 ASCs (100%), and 5 of 5 OPCs (100%) reported having written IP policies that met evidence-based guidelines, regulations, or standards (eg, CDC/HICPAC). None of the 7 LTCFs (0%), 2 of 2 ASCs (100%), and none of the 5 OPCs (0%) reported active surveillance to monitor and document adherence to proper PPE selection and use. During direct observation of hand hygiene opportunities, compliance was 23% for LTCFs (7 of 31 opportunities), 37% for ASCs (7 of 19 opportunities), and (11 of 28 opportunities) 39% in OPCs. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the ICAR tool remains a useful resource for distinguishing between the reporting of IP polices from the actual implementation of evidence-based practices. Although all facilities had a designated role for IP and most had written evidence-based IP polices, this did not translate to the observation of recommended HH and PPE practices. By utilizing this tool, healthcare facilities can support their evidence-based IP polices and further promote patient safety by identifying and mitigating gaps in practices.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Milatović, Dragan, Gordan Zec, Dejan Đurović y Đorđe Boškov. "Fenologija cvatnje i pomološka svojstva sorti badema na području Beograda". Pomologia Croatica 21, n.º 3-4 (23 de abril de 2018): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/pc.21.3-4.6.
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U radu su prikazani fenologija cvatnje i pomološka svojstva sedam sorti badema Prunus dulcis; (‘Exinograd’, ‘Icar’, ‘Mari de Stepa’, ‘Nessebar’, ‘Miagkoskorlupniy’, ‘Prianiy’ i ‘Retsou’) na području Beograda. Ispitivana je fenofaza cvatnje (početak, puna cvatnja, kraj, trajanje i obilnost) kao i svojstva ploda (masa i dimenzije ploda, debljina ljuske, masa i randman jezgre, sadržaj ulja i mineralnih tvari). Prosječno vrijeme cvatnje ispitivanih sorti je bilo u drugoj polovini ožujka i početkom travnja. Cvatnja je počinjala najranije kod sorti ‘Exinograd’ i ‘Nessebar’ (14. ožujka), a najkasnije kod sorte ‘Mari de Stepa’ (1. travnja). Prosječno trajanje cvatnje je variralo od 11 do 22 dana i bilo je duže kod sorti koje su ranije cvjetale. Sorte ‘Icar’ i ‘Exinograd’ su imale krupan plod (s masom iznad 5 g), ali i najniži randman jezgre (ispod 30%). S druge strane, sitan plod (ispod 2,5 g) su imale sorte ‘Retsou’, ‘Miagkoskorlupniy’, ‘Nessebar’ i ‘Prianiy’, koje su ujedno imale i najviši randman jezgre (47-52%). Sadržaj ulja u jezgri je varirao u intervalu od 49% (‘Miagkoskorlupniy’) do 60% (‘Mari de Stepa’). Sadržaj ukupnih mineralnih tvari je iznosio 3,03-3,31%.
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Wolf, W., C. A. Presant, V. Waluch y H. Kim. "Monitoring effects of imatinib (Ima) plus gemcitabine (Ge) chemotherapy (CT) on functional status of tumors (T) using dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)". Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, n.º 18_suppl (20 de junio de 2007): 13001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.13001.
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13001 Background: The ability to monitor the effect of all interventions on the functional status of tumors is critical in allowing clinicians to optimize/individualize chemotherapy to a given patient (pt). This is especially true when such pts are treated with a combination of targeting agents and cytotoxic anticancer drugs. The present study tested the combination of Ima and Gem to determine T pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) using DCE-MRI and 19F-MRS. Methods: Pts with measurable and MRI-imagible refractory solid T possibly responsive to Ge were randomized to receive either: one course of Ima with PK/PD, followed by one course of Ge with PK/PD, followed by the combination ImaGe; or one course of Ge with PK/PD followed by one course of Ima with PK/PD, followed by ImaGe. Ge was given at 900 mg/m2 IV over 30 min. for PK/PD and at 10 mg/m2/min. for continued therapy. Ima was given at 400 mg daily for 5 d. with Ge given on day 3. Doses were adjusted for toxicity. T vascularity (V) was measured by the use of DCE-MRI (AACR 95:490,2004). The initial contrast accumulation rate (ICAR) and the delayed contrast accumulation rate (DCAR) were calculated as the slope of the influx and efflux curves. Ge T PK was measured by serial 19F-MRS for ∼ 1hr post Ge administration. Results: 4 pts are evaluable at present: 2 Ca pancreas, 1 Ca breast and 1 Ca ovary. Ge PK are still in analysis. DCE-MRI data indicated an increase in T ICAR 1 week after Ima of 18% and 180% in 2 pts, and a decrease of -14% and -21% in 2 pt. By 2 wk post Ima, ICAR had further decreased to -75% in the latter pt. T size evaluation by RECIST showed progression of Ca in the 2 pt with increased ICAR, and a PR and stable disease in the 2 pt with a decrease in ICAR. Additional correlations with DCAR and Ge T PK will be shown. Conclusions: Ima and Ge CT is associated with a heterogeneous response in DCE-MRI. Ima has an antiangiogenic effect in some pts. This effect may be correlated with T response to Ima plus Ge. Measuring PK and PD using DCE-MRI and MRS may be useful in understanding individual responses to Ima drug combinations. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Harano, Kenichi, Shin Kaneko, Tetsuya Nakatsura, Junichiro Yuda, Nozomu Fuse, Akihiro Sato, Reiko Watanabe et al. "Abstract 5185: First in human trial of off-the shelf iPS derived anti-GPC3 NK cells for recurrent ovarian clear cell carcinoma with peritoneal dissemination". Cancer Research 82, n.º 12_Supplement (15 de junio de 2022): 5185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5185.
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Abstract Background: The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has introduced an effective strategy to guide and promote the immune response. Also, gene-engineering NK cells to express an exogenous CAR receptor allows the innate anti-tumor ability of NK cells to be directed against target tumor antigen. However, these autologous applications are limited by toxicities, restricted trafficking and infiltration into tumor, suboptimal persistence, and exhausted status of immune cells that may cause manufacturing failure. One approach to overcome those limitations is the development of “off-the-shelf” iPS-cell sources. The iCAR-ILC-N101 is an allogeneic human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-homozygous induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived anti-glypican-3 (GPC3) CAR-expressing innate lymphoid cells/natural killer cell (ILC/NK), which has both antigen-specific and NK activating receptor-mediated cytotoxicity. The iCAR-ILC-N101 is produced from the established iPSC strain QHJI01s04, and there is theoretically no risk of developing graft-versus host disease because the product dose not have T cell receptor. The product has a relevant living period in the body, thereby has little concern about residual toxicity and reduces systemic side effects by topical treatment. GPC3 is a cancer-specific membranous protein that is expressed in hepatoblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) but is not expressed in normal tissue. OCCC is a relatively rare malignancy and is associated with poor prognosis. Intraperitoneal administration of iCAR-ILC-N101 is expected to show antitumor activity for OCCC patients with peritoneal dissemination that express GPC3 and reduce systemic side effects, thereby ensuring safety and improving therapeutic efficacy. Preclinical study showed that intraperitoneal injection of iCAR-ILC-N101 for GPC3-positive ovarian tumor-bearing immunodeficient mouse model showed suppressed tumor growth. Method: This is a first-in human phase 1 study to evaluate safety, toxicity and efficacy of the iCAR-ILC-N101 in patients with GPC3-positive advanced or recurrent OCCC harboring peritoneal dissemination. Major inclusion criteria include histologically diagnosed GPC3-positive advanced or recurrent OCCC with peritoneal dissemination who are resistant to standard therapy and have matched HLA-A24 or B52. The study includes 3 cohorts (cohort -1, 0.5x106 cells/kg; cohort 1, 1x106 cells/kg; cohort 2, 3x106 cells/kg) and starts with cohort 1. The iCAR-ILC-N101 is administered intraperitoneally once a week for 4 weeks; for the first patient in each cohort, patient is observed for 14 days for safety evaluation after the first administration and then receive iCAR-ILC-N101 on day15 and 22. Enrollment initiated in July 2021 and one patient was enrolled. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed. Clinical trial registry number: jRCT2033200431 Citation Format: Kenichi Harano, Shin Kaneko, Tetsuya Nakatsura, Junichiro Yuda, Nozomu Fuse, Akihiro Sato, Reiko Watanabe, Genichiro Ishii, Toru Mukohara, Hiroshi Tanabe, Yukiko Ishiguro, Hideki Furuya, Masashi Wakabayashi, Miki Fukutani, Manami Shimomura, Tatsuki Ueda, Shoichi Iriguchi, Ayako Kumagai, Kengo Nakagoshi, Aki Sasaki, Toshihiko Doi. First in human trial of off-the shelf iPS derived anti-GPC3 NK cells for recurrent ovarian clear cell carcinoma with peritoneal dissemination [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5185.
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Ermakov, D. M. y A. P. Chernushich. "Current capabilities of the geoportal of satellite radothermovision and some results of the ICAR project". Sovremennye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa 14, n.º 7 (2017): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21046/2070-7401-2017-14-7-321-324.
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Hiremath, Varun M., Kanwar Pal Singh, Kishan Swaroop y Sapna Panwar. "Phenotypic characterization and grouping of gladiolus genotypes using DUS descriptors". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, n.º 6 (14 de septiembre de 2020): 1180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i6.104797.
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Phenotypic characterization of 84 Indian and exotic gladiolus genotypes was carried out at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during two consecutive winter seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19. Twenty one characteristics including vegetative, corm and floral parts were used to distinguish and grouped selected genotypes. Biometric data was recorded at full flowering stage using DUS (Distinctiveness, Uniformity and Stability) guidelines established by the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Authority, New Delhi. Among these DUS characters, seven were assessed as dimorphic and 14 as polymorphic. Characterization information for different traits could be used as reference collection for precise identification and distinction of gladiolus varieties. This information may assist the farmers, nurserymen and breeders to pursue protection for their new varieties under PPV and FRA, New Delhi.
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Vitorino Carvalho, A., P. Reinaud, N. Forde, G. D. Healey, C. Eozenou, C. Giraud-Delville, N. Mansouri-Attia et al. "SOCS genes expression during physiological and perturbed implantation in bovine endometrium". REPRODUCTION 148, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2014): 545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-14-0214.
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In mammals, suppressor of cytokine signalling (CISH, SOCS1 to SOCS7) factors control signalling pathways involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes including pregnancy. In order to gain new insights into the biological functions of SOCS in the endometrium, a comprehensive analysis ofSOCSgene expression was carried out in bovine caruncular (CAR) and intercaruncular (ICAR) tissues collected i) during the oestrous cycle, ii) at the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy and at implantation in inseminated females, iii) following uterine interferon-tau (IFNT) infusion at day 14 post-oestrus, iv) following a period of controlled intravaginal progesterone release and v) following transfer of embryos by somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The regulatory effects of IFNT onin vitrocultured epithelial and stromal cells were also examined. Altogether, our data showed thatCISH,SOCS4,SOCS5andSOCS7mRNA levels were poorly affected during luteolysis and pregnancy. In contrast,SOCS1,SOCS2,SOCS3andSOCS6mRNA levels were strongly up-regulated at implantation (day 20 of pregnancy). Experimentalin vitroandin vivomodels demonstrated that onlyCISH,SOCS1,SOCS2andSOCS3were IFNT-induced genes. Immunohistochemistry showed an intense SOCS3 and SOCS6 staining in the nucleus of luminal and glandular epithelium and of stromal cells of pregnant endometrium. Finally,SOCS3expression was significantly increased in SCNT pregnancies in keeping with the altered immune function previously reported in this model of compromised implantation. Collectively, our data suggest that spatio-temporal changes in endometrialSOCSgene expression reflect the acquisition of receptivity, maternal recognition of pregnancy and implantation.Free French abstractA French translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/148/6/545/suppl/DC1.
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VED PRAKASH, A.K.SINGH, RAKESH KUMAR, J.S.MISHRA, SANTOSH KUMAR, S.K.DWIVEDI, K.K.RAO, S.K.SAMAL y B.P.BHATT. "Thermal regimes: The key to phenological dynamics and productivity of fababean (Vicia faba L.)". Journal of Agrometeorology 20, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2018): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v20i1.500.
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Field study was conducted to know the effect of thermal environment on different phenostages, grain yield andyield attributes of fababean (Vicia fabaL.) during rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, (Bihar). Fababean was sown four dates (Nov. 1, 15 & 30, Dec. 15) with four varieties(Local, Vikranta, Gaurav and Suraksha).Yield of fababean varieties was strongly responsive to the thermal units/growing degree days (GDD) accumulated during emergence to maturity. Results revealed that duration of phenostages and thermal units varied with the dates of sowing. November 01 sown crop produced significantly higher number of seeds pod-1 (3.21), higher seed yield (3.13 t ha-1) and biological yield (6.30 t ha-1) compared to other sowing dates. Among varieties, Gaurav exhibited significantly higher total dry matter production, heat use efficiency (2.32 kg ha-1°C day), more number of seeds pod-1 (3.03) and higher seed yield (3.47t ha-1) followed by Suraksha, Vikranta and Local.
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MEHNAJ THARRANUM A, Y. P. SINGH, BASANT K. KANDPAL, K. K. SINGH y AVINASH CHANDRA PANDEY. "Forewarning model development for mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) at Bharatpur and Hisar". Journal of Agrometeorology 19, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2017): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v19i4.602.
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The weekly aphid population on timely sown mustard crop and daily weather parameters recorded at ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed–Mustard Research, Bharatpur and Hisar stations, during rabi seasons of 2003-04 to 2013-14 were used to develop forewarning model for aphid. In most of the cases, the appearance of population and its peak activity occurred during 51 standard meteorological week (SMW) and 8 SMW. The study revealed that the thermal time or growing degree days (GDD) consistently explained the aphid multiplication significantly in all seasons. The impact of other weather parameters on pest population was observed to be significant only in some seasons. The aphid population increased exponentially with increase in GDD. Further, the exponential coefficient varied among the varieties. The population build up was compared with the model predicted values in three common species (Brassicajuncea, B. rapa ssp. sarson and B. napus) grown at two stations. The results revealed that the predicted values derived using the model, were in close agreement with those of the observed.
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Joseph, Beena, Jaya Naik, Binoj Chacko, Suja Suja y C. S. "Effect of Low Protein Diets Balanced with Limiting Amino Acids on Production Efficiency and Egg Characteristics in Swarnadhara Layers". International Journal of Livestock Research 12, n.º 5 (2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20220601053618.
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The effect of reducing crude protein (CP) with supplementation of limiting amino acids was evaluated in an experimental trial using Swarnadhara layers. Egg production parameters and egg quality were studied in 240 layers in a completely randomized design in 5 treatments with 6 replications of 8 birds in each. ICAR 2013 specifications for improved native chicken breeds were followed for formulating the control diet (T1) which was based on corn soya bean meal with 16% CP and 2700 kcal ME. The diets T2 to T5 were made isocaloric to control and composed with 15.5,15,14.5 and 14% CP respectively, ensuring the levels of limiting amino acids namely methionine lysine, threonine as that of control by adding synthetic preparation. The data on egg production parameters are presented on the basis of hen day egg number, feed efficiency on a dozen egg basis, and period-wise egg weight (EW) during 29- 40 weeks remained statistically non-significant among various dietary groups. The values for eggshell thickness recorded in CP reduced groups (T3, T4, and T5) were comparable with control (T1) except T2 and also comparable among themselves. The mean shape index, albumen index, yolk index, and Haugh Unit score did not show any significant difference among various dietary treatments. In summary, the crude protein content of the Swarnadhara layer diet can be reduced to 14% by limiting AA fortification without any adverse effect on egg production and egg quality during 29-40 weeks of age.
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Santos, Rosmarini P., Rafael A. Fighera, Diego V. Beckmann, Juliana S. Brum, Angel Ripplinger, Dakir P. Neto, Raquel Baumhardt y Alexandre Mazzanti. "Neoplasmas envolvendo o sistema nervoso central de cães: 26 casos (2003-2011)". Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32, n.º 2 (febrero de 2012): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2012000200011.
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O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi identi [1]icar cães com neoplasmas envolvendo o sistema nervoso central (SNC), atendidos entre janeiro de 2003 a junho de 2011, no HVU-UFSM, e obter informações a respeito da raça, do sexo, da idade, dos sinais neurológicos, da localização, da evolução clínica, do tipo e da origem do tumor e dos achados de exames complementares. Os 26 neoplasmas envolvendo o SNC incluídos nesse estudo ocorreram principalmente em Boxers (35%), com predomínio de idade de cinco anos ou mais (92,3%). A evolução dos sinais clínicos nos neoplasmas encefálicos variou entre sete e 115 dias e nos medulares entre sete a 420 dias. Os sinais neurológicos principais em cães com neoplasmas encefálicos e medulares foram alteração do nível de consciência (58%), caracterizada principalmente por sonolência, e hiperestesia espinhal (57%), respectivamente. As regiões tálamo-cortical e T3-L3 foram as mais acometidas (58% e 43%, respectivamente). Dos 12 neoplasmas que afetaram o encéfalo, 10 eram primários (83,3%). Dos 14 neoplasmas que afetaram a medula espinhal, apenas quatro eram primários (28,6%). Dos neoplasmas encefálicos e medulares primários, o mais comum foi o meningioma, perfazendo 40% e 75% dos casos, respectivamente.
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SHARMA, ASHWANI K., TANUJA BUCKSETH y R. K. SINGH. "Standardization of planting geometry for aeroponic mini-tuber production in potato (Solanum tuberosum)". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, n.º 11 (16 de diciembre de 2020): 2096–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i11.108566.
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For optimization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) mini-tuber production through aeroponics, an experiment was conducted for the standardization of plant density through varying in-row and intra-row spacing’s in the aeroponic unit of ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP, India. The results revealed that the total number of mini-tubers and yield per plant obtained during all the 14 harvests were in general higher at wider intra-row spacing of 15 cm than 10cm in both the inter-row spacing’s, viz. 15 cm as well as 20 cm. On per unit area basis, the number of tubers/ m2 was maximum at the highest plant density (66 plants/m2) achieved with 15 × 10cm spacing, closely followed and at par with plant density of 44 plants/m2 (15 × 15 cm) and minimum with lowest planting density (33 plants/m2) at 20 × 15 cm. Yield/m2 was not affected significantly with the varying plant density, however, the average weight per tuber was significantly higher (1.74g) at the lowest planting density (33 plants/m2) obtained with 20 × 15cm spacing and was statistically at par among rest of the treatments.
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FAGODIYA, R. K., H. PATHAK, A. BHATIA, N. JAIN y D. K. GUPTA. "Global warming potential and its cost of mitigation from maize (Zea mays) - wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, n.º 1 (2 de marzo de 2020): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i1.98535.
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The maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (MWCS) could be better alternative to rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS), due to its lower water requirement, methane (CH4) emission and soil degradation. However, the global warming potential (GWP), greenhouse gas intensity (GHGi) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) of the MWCS need to be quantified in order to propose management practices for GWP mitigation. To achieve the objective of the study a field experiment was conducted at the ICAR-IARI, New Delhi during 2012-14. The experiment consisted of six treatments, viz. N0 (control), Urea, Urea+FYM, FYM, Urea+NI (nitrification inhibitor) and NOCU (neem oil coated urea). Two-year average results showed that as compared to urea treatment, GWP of MWCS lowered by 6, 16, 31 and 62% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively. GHGi lowered by 6, 6, 24 and 46% in urea+NI, NOCU, Urea+FYM and FYM, respectively. The BCR was higher in NOCU and Urea+NI as compared to urea treatment; however, it was lower in FYM and urea+FYM. Thus, NOCU is capable for mitigating GWP and lowering GHGi with higher BCR from MWCS.
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Patra, Sandip, Sakil Dhamala, Romila Akoijam y Pankaj Baiswar. "Evaluation of Efficacies of Some Insecticides against Major Insect Pests of Brinjal and Cabbage in Mid Hills of Meghalaya". International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 12, n.º 5 (31 de octubre de 2021): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2510a.
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The experiments were conducted at ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India to evaluate of some insecticides against major insect pests of brinjal and cabbage under field condition. All treatments viz. indoxacarb 14.5 SC (75 and 150 g a.i. ha-1), chlorfenapyr 10 SC (100 and 200 g a.i. ha-1), chlorpyrifos 20EC (200 and 400 g a.i. ha-1) and control (water spray) were applied thrice in brinjal and twice in cabbage at 15 days intervals. Shoot infestation in brinjal was counted from randomly selected five tagged plants from each replication before spray and on 7 and 14 days after application of insecticides. Fruits infestations were counted during harvesting only. In cabbage, larval population was counted from five randomly selected tagged plants from each replication on 1 day before and on 1, 3, 7, 14 days of each spray. Results revealed that the mean shoot infestation of brinjal was lowest in indoxacarb at double the recommended dose (4.82%) followed by indoxacarb at recommended dose (6.65%) with 80.19 and 72.66% reduction respectively over control check. The lowest brinjal fruit infestation (8.25%) also recorded at double the recommended dose of indoxacarb followed recommended dose (11.48%) of same insecticide. In cabbage, pooled of two years results revealed that indoxacarb @ 150 g a.i. ha-1 was very effective treatment with lowest number of larvae (0.98 larvae plant-1) followed by indoxacarb @ 75 g a.i. ha-1 (2.21 larvae plant-1) with higher marketable yield at both these treatments.
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Rakshita, K. N., Shrawan Singh, Veerendra Kumar Verma, Brij Bihari Sharma, Navinder Saini, Mir Asif Iquebal, Akanksha Sharma, Shyam Sunder Dey y T. K. Behera. "Agro-morphological and molecular diversity in different maturity groups of Indian cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 12 (10 de diciembre de 2021): e0260246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260246.
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The present study analysed the molecular and agro-morphological diversity in a set of 92 diverse cauliflower genotypes and two each of cabbage and broccoli. Field evaluation of the genotypes was done in randomized block design (RBD) at two locations (i.e. IARI, New Delhi and ICAR-RC-NEH Region, Barapani) during Rabi2019-20. Genotypes showed variation for all the eight observed traits at both locations and, the differences in early and snowball groups were distinct. Pusa Meghna, DC-33-8, Pusa Kartiki and CC-14 were earliest for curd initiation. Genotypes showed higher values for curd traits at Delhi. Molecular diversity was detected with 90 polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSR). Number of alleles ranged from 1 to 9 with mean value of 2.16 and the highest polymorphic information content (PIC) value was observed for primer BoGMS0742 (0.68) with a mean value of 0.18. Cluster analysis using agro-morphological traits substantiated classification of the genotypes for maturity groups. However, SSR analysis revealed four clusters and with a composite pattern of genotype distribution. STRUCTURE analysis also supported the admixture and four subpopulations. The studyindicates for introgression of genetic fragments across the maturity groups, thereby, potential for use in further genetic improvement and heterosis breeding.
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Landi, Vincenzo, Aristide Maggiolino, Angela Salzano, Salvatore Claps, Pasquale De Palo, Domenico Rufrano, Giuseppina Pedota y Gianluca Neglia. "Evaluation of Different Test-Day Milk Recording Protocols by Wood’s Model Application for the Estimation of Dairy Goat Milk and Milk Constituent Yield". Animals 11, n.º 4 (8 de abril de 2021): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041058.
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Goats have important social and economic roles in many countries because of their ability to survive and be productive in marginal areas. The overarching aim of this study was to compare the application of Wood’s model to different test-day milk recording protocols for estimation of total milk, fat, and protein yield in dairy goats. A total of 465 goats were used (Garganica, 78; Girgentana, 81; Jonica, 76; Maltese, 77; Red Mediterranean, 76; Saanen, 77). Milk yield was recorded every 15 days throughout lactation of 210 days, for a total of 14 collection days, during both morning and afternoon milking sessions. Milk samples were collected and analyzed for protein and fat. The fat-corrected milk was standardized at 35g fat/kg of milk. Wood models showed high R2 values, and thus good fitting, in all the considered breeds. Wood model applied to first, second, fourth, and sixth month recordings (C) and ICAR estimation showed total milk yield very close to Wood’s model applied to all 14 recordings (A) (p > 0.38). Differently, Wood’s model applied to the first, second, third, and fourth month recording (B) estimation showed great differences (p < 0.01). This could be applied for farms that had the necessity to synchronize flock groups for kidding in order to produce kid meat. In farms that apply the estrus induction and/or synchronization for kidding, it would be possible to perform only four test-day milk recordings and to apply the Wood’s model on them in order to obtain the estimation of total milk, fat, and protein yield during lactation for animals inscribed, or to be inscribed, to the genealogical book.
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Kumar, Dinesh, K. K. Srivastava y S. R. Singh. "Correlation of trunk cross sectional area with fruit yield, quality and leaf nutrient status in plum under North West Himalayan region of India". Journal of Horticultural Sciences 14, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2019): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.2019.v14i01.006.
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An experiment was conducted to study the correlation of trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) with fruit yield, quality and leaf nutrient status in plum at ICAR-Central Institute for Temperate Horticulture, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir during 2013-14. The TCSA (110.45, 118.23, 123.45, 131.67, 139.25, 146.82, 152.37 and 161.26 cm2) was based on their trunk girth at 15 cm above the ground. Maximum canopy volume (23.14m3 and fruit number 128/ tree) were recorded when TCSA was highest (161.26cm2). Maximum fruit weight (58.85g) was recorded with 123.45cm2 TCSA. Fruit yield and productivity efficiency (59.47kg/ tree and 0.29kg/ cm2) were recorded with 152.37cm2 TCSA. Fruit size (47.45 x 44.12mm), pulp weight (57.54g) and pulp/stone ratio (43.92) were recorded with 123.45cm2 TCSA. Maximum TSS (19.450B), total sugar (13.98%) and reducing sugar (11.46%) were recorded with 161.26 cm2 TCSA. Non-reducing sugar (2.53%) was recorded with 118.23cm2 TCSA. Higher leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content (2.38, 0.19 and 1.95%) was observed with 161.26 cm2 TCSA. A positive and significant correlation was noticed between TCSA and canopy volume (0.995), fruit number (0.992), yield (0.968), pulp/stone ratio (0.903), TSS (0.977), total sugar (0.937), reducing sugar (0.920), non-reducing sugar (0.048), leaf N (0.971), leaf P (0.977) and leaf K (0.997) value in plum variety Santa Rosa under North West Himalayan region of India.
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Vivek, Bhoite, M. R. Backiyavathy y Gadade Abhijeet. "Storability of Onion (Allium cepa L.) as Influenced by Sources and Levels of Sulphur". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, n.º 7 (10 de julio de 2022): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1107.021.
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The field experiment was conducted at ICAR- National Institute on Abiotech Stress Management, Baramati to study the effect of different sources and levels of sulphur on soil nutrient availability, yield, quality and nutrient uptake of bellary onion. The experiment consists of 14 treatments replicated thrice in randomized block design. The treatment combinations of sources of sulphur viz: elemental sulphur, potassium schoenite ammonium sulphate and three levels of sulphur @ 30, 45 and 60 kg ha-1 applied as soil application and nutripellet pack in presence of Thiobacillus thiooxidans with recommended dose of fertilizer (100:40:60 kg ha-1 N,P2O5 & K2O + 15t ha-1 FYM). The source of phosphorus was used as diaammonium phosphate. The onion bulb was stored after harvesting in ambient condition, the storage study was carried out at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after harvest. The periodical physical loss in weight was significantly lower in treatment RDF + S @ 45 kg ha-1 as elemental sulphur + Thiobacillus thiooxidans nutripellet pack at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after harvest (2.32, 6.98, 8.99 and 14.99 percent respectively) and RDF + S@ 60 kg ha-1 as potassium schoenite nutripellet pack at 60, 90 and 120 days after harvest (7.22, 9.42 and 15.64 percent respectively). The sulphur sources of potassium schoenite @ 45 and 60 kg ha-1 nutripellet pack are beneficial for storability of onion.
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BLAISE, DESOUZA, KESHAV KRANTHI, SUJATA SAXENA, MANGAT V. VENUGOPALAN y PUNIT MOHAN. "Productivity and fibre attributes of absorbent Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum) cultivars in rainfed central India". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 92, n.º 3 (29 de marzo de 2022): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i3.122542.
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Asiatic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) cultivars, possessing short staple length, superior water holding capacity and high micronaire values are considered fit for manufacturing absorbent cotton. Such cultivars are cultivated in north and northeast India. Field studies were conducted at the experimental farm of the ICAR-Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, from 2013–14 to 2015–16, to evaluate productivity and fibre properties of Asiatic cotton cultivars from north (race bengalense) and northeast (race cernuum) India vis-à -vis the cultivars of central and south India (race indicum). In 2013, RG8 produced the highest seed cotton yield (1759 kg/ha), but did not differ from Phule Dhanwantary (1599 kg/ha) and BG-II hybrid H6 (1518 kg/ha). Averaged over 2014–15 and 2015–16, AKA8, CNA418, CNA375, CNA423, Phule Dhanwantary and MDLABB (1489 to 1989 kg/ha) gave significantly higher seed cotton yield than BGII hybrid Mallika (953 kg/ha). In general, cultivars from north and northeast India produced less seed cotton yield than those from central and south India. Out of the 13 cultivars, Assam Comilla and Phule Dhanwantary met the Indian Pharmacopoeia standards (fibre length ~20 mm, micronaire >6.5, absorbency and sinking time <10 sec and ash content <0.5%). Cultivation costs were lower for the Asiatic cotton (`49420 per ha) than the BGII hybrid (`62895 per ha). Thus, cultivation of Asiatic absorbent cotton, such as Phule Dhanwantary, could be an alternative option for the rainfed cotton farmers of central India.
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Lal, Mehi, Saurabh Yadav, Sanjeev Sharma, B. P. Singh y S. K. Kaushik. "Integrated management of late blight of potato". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2017): 1821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1445.
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Late blight of potato is the major biotic constraint responsible for reduction in yield and quality of the pota-to crop. Globally, late blight is managed through application of multiple fungicidal chemical sprays affecting both human health and environment. Now a days, methods of biological control are gaining importance as these are non-toxic and also environment friendly. However, Phytophthora infestans multiplies very fast; therefore, biological con-trol method alone is not a viable option to manage late blight. Hence, integration of both methods is essential. Eleven treatments consisting of biocontrol agents and fungicides were evaluated against the late bight in three consecu-tive seasons (2011-12, 2012-13, 2013-14) at ICAR-CPRIC, Modipuram. Meerut. The results revealed that the treat-ments ( T1 to T10) are effective for managing the disease up to certain level; however, lowest average disease se-verity (27.89%) was recorded in treatment when Bacillus subtilis (B5-0.25%) + Trichoderma viride (TV-0.7%) was applied before disease appearance followed by cymoxanil8+mancozeb 64%WP (0.3%) at onset of late blight and one more spray of B5+ TV after seven days. The next best treatment was application of B5+ TV before appearance of disease followed by metalaxyl 8+mancozeb 64%WP (0.25%) at onset of late blight and one more spray of B5+ TV against control (average disease severity 91.94%) with higher yield also except the treatment of three spray of mancozeb 75% WP (0.2%). These treatments could be integrated in farmer practices.
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GURJAR, D. S., R. KAUR, KHAJANCHI LAL, R. SINGH y K. P. SINGH. "Impact of three years continuous wastewater irrigations on the soil chemical properties under turfgrass (Cynodon dactylon)". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, n.º 5 (4 de septiembre de 2020): 890–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i5.104353.
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An investigation was carried out to assess short-term (2013–16) impact of wastewater irrigations on the chemical properties of the soil under turfgrass (Cynodon dactylon L. var. Selection-1), planted with and without sub-soil porous plastic mulch, in the experimental field of the Water Technology Centre of ICAR-IARI, New Delhi. The investigation comprised 3-replicates of 2 –groundwater irrigation scheduling treatments (each of 50 mm depth) at 100% ETc and 6- treatments of wastewater irrigation scheduling (also of 50 mm depth each) at 75%, 100% and 125% ETc, under with and without sub-soil porous plastic mulch planting. The investigation revealed a non-significant change in the rhizosphere soil pH and EC under all wastewater irrigation treatments. However, a significant (14 to 25%) increase in the soil organic carbon, particularly under the more frequently (i.e. at 75% ETc) wastewater irrigated plots, was observed. These were also found to be associated with increased soil major (N: 8.5 to 15.2%; P: 45.7 to 62.8%; K: 12 to 34.7%) and micro nutrients (Zn: 22.4 to 29.5%; Mn: 16.9 to 27.1 %; Cu: 21.9 to 19.2% and Fe: 15.6 to 24.8%). However, there was no heavy metal built-up in such wastewater irrigated soils probably due to their presence in within permissible levels in the applied irrigation waters. The investigations thus indicated a great potential of improved soil health, with no heavy metal threats, under short-term wastewater irrigation applications in urban turfgrass based landscapes.
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SHAHANE, A. A., Y. S. SHIVAY, D. KUMAR y R. PRASANNA. "Significance of zinc fertilization and microbial inoculation on phosphorus nutrition of rice (Oryza sativa)". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, n.º 4 (10 de julio de 2020): 750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i4.102217.
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The present experiment was conducted during rainy season of 2013-14 at ICAR–Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to compare and calculate variations in phosphorus (P) concentration and uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plant as well as soil available P (Olsen’s reagent 0.5 M NaHCO3-extractable) as influenced by three different crop establishment methods (CEMs), rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) fertilization and microbial inoculations in spilt plot design with three replications. The concentration and uptake of P in puddled transplanted rice (PTR) and system of rice intensification (SRI) was significantly higher than aerobic rice system (ARS) and total uptake was increased by 480 and 540 g/ha in PTR and 580 and 660 g/ha in SRI over ARS in first and second year, respectively. The treatment with 100% recommended dose of nutrients (RDN) (25.8 kg P/ha and 120 kg N/ha) had significantly higher P concentration and uptake than 75% RDN and absolute control. The correlation between milled rice yield and P concentration was found positive (R2= 0.95 and 0.94). Application of microbial inoculation significantly increased P concentration and uptake over fertilizer control (75% RDN) and absolute control which increased in total P uptake by 640 and 680 g/ha due to application of Anabaena–Pseudomonas (An-Ps) biofilmed formulations (MI2) and Anabaena sp. (CR1) + Providencia sp. (PR3) consortia (MI1) over fertilizer control (75% RDN).
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CHATTOPADHYAY, N., S. SUNITHA DEVI, GRACY JOHN y V. R. CHOUDHARI. "Occurrence of hail storms and strategies to minimize its effect on crops". MAUSAM 68, n.º 1 (30 de noviembre de 2021): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v68i1.435.
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Among the extreme weather events hailstorm in recent past caused significant crop damage across the country. In 2014 and 2015 unseasonal rains and hailstorms during March and April damaged rabi crops as well as horticultural crops extensively in many parts of the country. In this paper, a detailed analysis of occurrence of hailstorm in four homogenous regions of India during past 35 years from 1981 to 2015 has been made, to find out the climatological and favourable synoptic aspects associated with hailstorms so that timely issuing of warning and Agromet Advisories could minimize the crop damage/loss. Maximum hailstorms were observed to have occurred in Maharashtra (31 years) during the period of study with highest occurrence of 11 days during 24 February to 14 March, 2014. Also Maharashtra is more prone to hailstorms than other States in the country with maximum probability of occurrence (91-95%) while the probability of occurrence (6-10%) is least in Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Meghalaya, Sikkim and Nagaland. The significant synoptic situations associated with occurrence of hailstorms are found to be the north-south line of wind discontinuity causing convective activity and systems in westerlies. The information generated in this study was found to be very useful in minimizing crop loss through operational agromet services launched by the India Meteorological Department/Ministry of Earth Sciences in collaboration with the Agromet Field Units (AMFUs) located at State Agricultural Universities and institutes of ICAR and IITs under the project Gramin Krishi Mausam Sewa (GKMS).
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Nayak, Somanath, Yashbir Singh Shivay, Radha Prasanna y Sunil Mandi. "Effect of Biofortified and Non-Biofortified Varieties and Zinc Fertilization Strategies on Growth, Productivity and Profitability of Rice". International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13, n.º 10 (31 de octubre de 2022): 1003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.3181a.
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The field experiment was conducted in the rainy (Kharif, June to October) seasons of 2019 and 2020 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India with the objective to appraise the effect of biofortified and non-biofortified varieties and zinc fertilization strategies on the growth, productivity and profitability of rice. The biofortified variety DRR Dhan 45 recorded a higher value of dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, and crop growth rate, and the non-biofortified variety Pusa 44 recorded higher effective tillers, panicle weight, filled grain weight per panicle, number of filled grains and total grains per panicle, fertility percentage and grain yield (5.2 t ha-1), though the performance of both varieties was statistically similar. But, the higher straw yield was recorded with the non-biofortified variety, Pusa Basmati 1121 (10.8 t ha-1). Pusa Basmati 1509 recorded higher cost of cultivation, gross returns, net returns and B:C. Among zinc fertilization strategies, soil application of 2.5 kg Zn ha-1 along with the foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO4.7H2O at maximum tillering and anthesis stages recorded higher growth parameters, yield, and yield attributes and better economics. On average, the soil+foliar Zn application increased grain yield by 14% and straw yield by 10.5%, and gross returns and net returns by 15.6% and 26.7%, respectively, than the control. Cultivation of rice varieties, Pusa 44 or DRR Dhan 45, along with soil+foliar Zn fertilization enhanced growth and productivity, while the aromatic variety, Pusa Basmati 1509 enhanced the profitability.
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Kannappan1, Sudalayandi. "Effect of Asiatic mangrove plant (Rhizophora mucronata) extract on the growth and virulence of Vibrio harveyi causing bioluminescence disease in Penaeus monodon larviculture". Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 19, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2021): e0506-e0506. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021193-17044.
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Aim of the study: Vibrio harveyi bacteria are affecting shrimps during grow-out practices. The application of chemicals to control V. harveyi has resulted in antibiotic‐resistance among bacteria. An extract of the leaves of Rhizophora mucronata was tested to control the growth and virulences of V. harveyi. Area of study: This study was conducted in the Crustacean Culture Division of ICAR-CIBA, Chennai city, Tamil Nadu State, India. Material and methods: R. mucronata plants were collected from the Pitchavaram area, and the contents extracted. The resultant extract was prepared and tested against the growth of V. harveyi and its virulence factors. The various functional compounds of R. mucronata were screened and volatile compounds were analyzed. Main results: When R. mucronata extract was treated against V. harveyi (350 µg/mL) an inhibitory zone of 14 ± 0.1 mm was observed. At 300 µg/mL, the extract was found to be active in decreasing the luciferase to a maximum of 76 counts per second in 30 days and a similar level of bioluminescence was reduced in 15 days. During, shrimp larviculture a reduction in the cumulative percent of mortality 15.70% (p<0.033) was observed when treated with the extract of R. mucronata. Research highlights: When extract (200 μg/mL) of R. mucronata was tested against V. harveyi during Penaeus monodon larviculture, the V. harveyi counts decreased (p<0.049). Volatile compounds viz, tetramethyl-6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-5H-naphthalene-1-one (38.63%), squalene (31.19%), α-amyrin, (7.07%) and β-amyrin (8.75%) were detected. It would be desirable to use crude extracts of R. mucronata during shrimp culture to control V. harveyi.
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Zhai, Guojie, Zhichao Huang, Huaping Du, Yuan Xu, Guodong Xiao y Yongjun Cao. "Endovascular revascularization of symptomatic chronic total occlusions of the internal carotid artery using a proximal balloon protection device". Science Progress 104, n.º 1 (enero de 2021): 003685042199887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850421998870.
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To investigate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of endovascular recanalization for symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusions (ICAO). Thirty patients with symptomatic chronic ICAO were treated using the endovascular recanalization method. Proximal balloon protection devices were used to prevent embolic migration by completely blocking the blood flow. The morphology of the internal carotid artery (ICA) at the occluded segment based on catheter angiography was analyzed. Recanalization of symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion (CICAO) was successful in 20 of the 30 patients (66.7%). The time required for successful revascularization ranged from 120 to 180 min (mean, 150 min). Of the 20 successful patients, 14 were at the cervical ICAs, and six were at the intracranial ICAs. No permanent complications occurred in our study. Ischemic symptoms related to chronic ICAO did not occur during the 18.3 month follow-up period (range, 12–24 months) in the 20 successful patients. Endovascular revascularization can improve hemodynamic compromise. The treated sites of all 20 successfully recanalized patients were patent on computed tomographic angiography or carotid duplex sonography, and no case with >50% restenosis was observed during the follow-up period. Three patients with failed recanalization had a stroke during the follow-up period. Endovascular revascularization of symptomatic CICAO using a proximal balloon protection device is technically feasible in selected patients, and the outcomes are favorable for patients who benefit from revascularization.
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Shahane, Amit Anil, Yashbir Singh Shivay, Radha Prasanna y Dinesh Kumar. "Influence of Crop Establishment Techniques, Fertilization and Microbial Consortia on Potassium Nutrition of Wheat". Journal of Agricultural Science 12, n.º 12 (15 de noviembre de 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n12p95.
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A field experiment was conducted for 2 years (2013-14 and 2014-15) during winter (Rabi) season at Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India with an objective to study the significance of two microbial consortia inoculations, zinc (Zn) fertilization (5 kg Zn ha-1 through ZnSO4∙7H2O soil application in each crop at sowing) and three rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization on potassium (K) concentration, uptake and as well as ammonium acetate (NH4OAC)-extractable K content in soil at different growth stages in wheat. The microbial consortia used were Anabaena sp. (CR1) + Providencia sp. (PR3) and Anabaena-Pseudomonas biofilmed bio-fertilizer; while rate of fertilization were 0, 75% and 100% of recommended rate of nutrients (RDN) (120 kg N ha-1 and 25.8 kg P ha-1). The concentration and uptake of K was significantly higher in zero tillage wheat (ZTW) than conventional drill-sown wheat (CDW) and system of wheat intensification (SWI) at all observations except at 30 days after sowing. The application of 100% RDN and Zn fertilization have significant and positive effect on K uptake. The microbial consortia increase K concentration and uptake by 0.09-0.12 mg kg-1 and 9.9-12.7 kg ha-1 in straw and 0.08-0.11 mg kg-1 and 3.8-5.6 kg ha-1 in grain. The soil ammonium acetate (NH4OAC)-extractable K decreased by 87-108 kg ha-1 and 19-44 kg ha-1 in first and second year, respectively over initial soil K even after application of recommended rate of K (49.8 kg ha-1). Our study concludes the significant increase in K uptake due to ZTW and use of microbial consortia and there is the need for redeciding K fertilization in wheat for sustained productivity.
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Jeet, Sabha, Ratan Kumar y Shahina Tabassum. "Response of Different Establishment Method on Yield Evaluation of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Under Rice-Wheat Cropping System, India". Current Agriculture Research Journal 9, n.º 1 (31 de mayo de 2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.9.1.05.
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Field experiments/On Farm trial (OFT) were conducted at Farmers field of village, Halsi, Lakhisarai under the supervision of ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra, BAU, Bihar, India in 2012-13 and 2013-14.To established a uniform plant stand for the maximum yield and net return ultimately for the drudgery reduction. The experimental trial was laid out in a Randomized block design replicated four times (Number of Farmers) with six treatments comprises of transplanted rice (Farmers practices), system of rice intensification (SRI) square transplanted, DSR- Zero-tillage (dry seeding), direct seeded rice (DSR)- broadcasting (dry seeding), DSR- Drum seeded (dry seeding) and DSR- wet seeded (sprouted seeding). Among the different establishment method, SRI planting significantly influenced the growth, yield attributing characters and yield, but relatively was on par with transplanted rice. The maximum plant height, number of tillers m-2, panicle length, leaf area Index (LAI) , number of filled grains panicle-1, number of unfilled grain panicle-1,test weight, grain yield (5712 kg ha-1), straw yield (7950kg ha-1) and net return (Rs. 50,409.30 ha-1) were recorded under SRI (square transplanted) but which were on par with transplanted rice and DSR- Zero-tillage while benefit cost ratio were significantly highest (2.56) under DSR- Zero-tillage. Lowest grain yield, straw yield and gross return were observed under DSR- broadcasting and lowest net return were recorded under DSR- wet planted (sprouted seeds) and lowest B:C ratio were found under Transplanted rice. System of rice intensification (SRI) having higher yield followed by puddled transplanted rice, DSR- drum seeder (sprouted seed) and DSR- zero-tillage. DSR- zero-tillage is a viable, long-lasting and appropriate substitute to puddled transplanted rice and to be the most profitable methods with minimize the cost of cultivation.
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Bissembayev, Anuarbek, Zhumadiya Tleulenov, Saule Koblanova, Aliya Akhmetaliyeva, Almagul Ayupova y Rukhan Kulbaev. "PSX-31 Late-Breaking Abstract: Improving the DNA database of genotypes using SNP markers for locally bred cattle in Kazakhstan". Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (3 de noviembre de 2020): 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.626.
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Abstract ICAR is recommending to use at least 14 STR loci or at least 100 SNP markers for cattle parentage verification recommended by ISAG. The existing database of genotyped DNA samples of meat and dairy breeds allows us to take into account not only microsatellite STR DNA loci, but since 2016 allows us to register data according to the results of studies of SNP markers. These works were supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Kazakhstan under the grant project 1891 / GF4. The aim of the work was to study SNP in DNA for parentage verification of cattle. The following tasks have been implemented: 1) collect biological material, extract at least 1,000 DNA and conduct genotyping of DNA samples; 2) to test parentage verification and develop a database of SNPs for local cattle. 1,858 DNA samples were extracted using Stock Marks kits from Applied Biosystems. DNA testing was carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Genetics at the University of Queensland (Australia) and at the Neogen Laboratory (USA). Calculation of the reliability of parentage verification for 1067 animals was carried out automatically in the IAS system (www.plem.kz; table 1). The subbase “Database of SNPs for DNAs of local cattle” was developed, which includes up to 245 SNP markers and is filled with DNA indicators from 1,858 breeding animals. The studies conducted allowed the use of contemporary biotechnological methods with domestic breeds of beef cattle and for the first time to use the new method in breeding work with meat breeds. Already today, the created and updated database of genotyped DNA samples of beef and dairy breeds with an integrated program for calculating the reliability of livestock origin allows farmers to conduct breeding at a new higher level and meet international requirements for breeding animals (Zh.Tleulenov et al, 2017).
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Manpoong, Nang Kanna, Kutubuddin Ahmed, Dilip Kumar Bhattacharya, Dipak Kumar Sarma, Nekibuddin Ahmed y Arunoday Das. "Efficacy of potassium permanganate and turmeric as antimicrobial agents on the bacterial load and quality of boar semen during preservation at 15 °C". Veterinarski arhiv 90, n.º 5 (15 de octubre de 2020): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24099/vet.arhiv.0715.
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The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different natural antimicrobials agents (KMnO4 and Turmeric) in comparison with conventional antibiotics against the bacterial load and in relation to the quality of boar semen in Modena extender for up to 120 hours of preservation at 15 °C. A total of 56 ejaculates, 14 from each of four Hampshire crossbred boars maintained within the ICAR-AICRP on Pigs, in Guwahati, Assam, India, were utilized in the study. Thirty-two ejaculates, 8 from each of four boars were used to study the effect of antimicrobial agents on semen quality during preservation at 15 °C in Modena extender. A total of 9 different bacterial types were identified from 46 bacterial isolates, obtained from 24 fresh semen samples viz. Staphylococcus aureus (24%), E. coli (22%), Bacillus spp. (13%), Citrobacter spp. (9%), Pseudomonas spp. (9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (9%), Klebsiella spp. (6%), Streptococcus spp. (6%) and Proteus spp. (2%). The overall sensitivity of the recovered isolates to Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Cloxacillin, Streptomycin, Penicillin, Amoxycilln, Ofloxacin and Tetracyclin were 89, 39, 37, 48, 74, 52, 56, 76 and 63% respectively. The mean sperm motility, intact acrosome, HOST-reacted spermatozoa and bacterial load differed significantly (P˂0.01) between antimicrobial agents (Gentamicin, KMnO4 and Turmeric) and preservation periods (0, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours). Sperm quality based on Gentamicin was found to be best, followed by Turmeric and KMnO4 during preservation at 15 °C. The conception rate for the semen preserved for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours of preservation was 83.33, 80.00, 75.00, 66.66, 66.66 and 50.00% respectively. In the present study, the preserved semen with ascending bacterial load containing Gentamicin did not affect the conception rate.
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S. R., Maneesha, Sujeet Desai, S. Priya Devi y Mathala J. Gupta. "Estimation of Crop Water Requirement of Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) for Drip Fertigation". International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 13, n.º 9 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2022.2805.
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The experiment was conducted at the research farm of ICAR- Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa, India during 2016–2019 to estimate the crop water requirement (CWR) of pineapple during different growth stages and compare the pineapple crop performance and economic viability at different irrigation systems. Crop water requirement of pineapple was calculated based on the consolidated weather data of 14 years and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of pineapple at different growth stages using Penman-Montieth equation using CROPWAT 8.0 software. In the experiemtal location, maximum crop evapotranspiration was found in the month of May (81 mm month-1) and the minimum was in the month of July (25 mm month-1). Crop water requirement was the highest in April (0.67 litre day-1 plant-1). During the period of monsoon, irrigation was withdrawn due to sufficienct soil moisture situation. Performance of pineapple crop under different systems of irrigation viz., surface irrigation, drip irrigation and drip fertigation was studied and found that the highest plant height (76.90 cm), D leaf width (5.45 cm), number of leaves (43), D leaf weight (150.3 g) and fruit weight (2.35 kg) were in drip fertigation. An estimated yield of 96.80 t ha-1 was recorded under drip fertigation treatment followed by drip irrigation (90.99 t ha-1) and surface irrigation (76.45 t ha-1) treatments. The cost economics analysis of pineapple production under different treatments revealed that the highest gross returns (` 14.5 lakhs), net returns (` 7.9 lakhs) and B:C ratio (1.2) were in drip fertigation treatment. Adoption of drip fertigation system in pineapple crop under west coast agro-climatic conditions of Goa is helpful to enhance the crop growth and yield of pineapple and fetch good economic returns.
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Andrade, Nara Cavalcanti, Marta Laranjo, Mateus Matiuzzi Costa y Maria Cristina Queiroga. "Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus Associated with Small Ruminant Mastitis: Biofilm Production and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes". Antibiotics 10, n.º 6 (25 de mayo de 2021): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060633.
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Small ruminant mastitis is a serious problem, mainly caused by Staphylococcus spp. Different virulence factors affect mastitis pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate virulence factors genes for biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance to β-lactams and tetracyclines in 137 staphylococcal isolates from goats (86) and sheep (51). The presence of coa, nuc, bap, icaA, icaD, blaZ, mecA, mecC, tetK, and tetM genes was investigated. The nuc gene was detected in all S. aureus isolates and in some coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). None of the S. aureus isolates carried the bap gene, while 8 out of 18 CNS harbored this gene. The icaA gene was detected in S. aureus and S. warneri, while icaD only in S. aureus. None of the isolates carrying the bap gene harbored the ica genes. None of the biofilm-associated genes were detected in 14 isolates (six S. aureus and eight CNS). An association was found between Staphylococcus species and resistance to some antibiotics and between antimicrobial resistance and animal species. Nine penicillin-susceptible isolates exhibited the blaZ gene, questioning the reliability of susceptibility testing. Most S. aureus isolates were susceptible to tetracycline, and no cefazolin or gentamycin resistance was detected. These should replace other currently used antimicrobials.
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YOKOI, Renzo. "Attendance Report on the 14th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences". Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 33, n.º 376 (1985): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1969.33.280.
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Terajima, Masanori, Mutsuo Yamaya, Kiyohisa Sekizawa, Shoji Okinaga, Tomoko Suzuki, Norihiro Yamada, Katsutoshi Nakayama et al. "Rhinovirus infection of primary cultures of human tracheal epithelium: role of ICAM-1 and IL-1β". American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 273, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1997): L749—L759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1997.273.4.l749.
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Exacerbations of asthma are often associated with respiratory infection caused by rhinoviruses. To study the effects of rhinovirus infection on respiratory epithelium, a primary target for respiratory viruses, human rhinovirus (HRV)-2 and HRV-14 were infected to primary cultures of human tracheal epithelial cells. Viral infection was confirmed by showing that viral titers of supernatants and lysates from infected cells increased with time and by polymerase chain reaction. HRV-2 and HRV-14 infections upregulated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA, the major rhinovirus receptor, on epithelial cells, and they increased the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in supernatants. Antibodies to ICAM-1 inhibited HRV-14 infection of epithelial cells and decreased the production of cytokines after HRV-14 infection, but they did not alter HRV-2 infection-induced production of cytokines. IL-1β upregulated ICAM-1 mRNA expression and increased susceptibility to HRV-14 infection, whereas other cytokines failed to alter ICAM-1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, a neutralizing antibody to IL-1β significantly decreased viral titers of supernatants and ICAM-1 mRNA expression after HRV-14 infection, but a neutralizing antibody to TNF-α was without effect. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that both HRV-14 infection and IL-1β increased ICAM-1 expression on cultured epithelial cells. These findings imply that HRV-14 infection upregulated ICAM-1 expression on epithelial cells through increased production of IL-1β, thereby increasing susceptibility to infection. These events may be important for amplification of airway inflammation after viral infection in asthma.
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Hrebík, Dominik, Tibor Füzik, Mária Gondová, Lenka Šmerdová, Athanassios Adamopoulos, Ondrej Šedo, Zbyněk Zdráhal y Pavel Plevka. "ICAM-1 induced rearrangements of capsid and genome prime rhinovirus 14 for activation and uncoating". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n.º 19 (4 de mayo de 2021): e2024251118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2024251118.
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Most rhinoviruses, which are the leading cause of the common cold, utilize intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as a receptor to infect cells. To release their genomes, rhinoviruses convert to activated particles that contain pores in the capsid, lack minor capsid protein VP4, and have an altered genome organization. The binding of rhinoviruses to ICAM-1 promotes virus activation; however, the molecular details of the process remain unknown. Here, we present the structures of virion of rhinovirus 14 and its complex with ICAM-1 determined to resolutions of 2.6 and 2.4 Å, respectively. The cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of rhinovirus 14 virions contains the resolved density of octanucleotide segments from the RNA genome that interact with VP2 subunits. We show that the binding of ICAM-1 to rhinovirus 14 is required to prime the virus for activation and genome release at acidic pH. Formation of the rhinovirus 14–ICAM-1 complex induces conformational changes to the rhinovirus 14 capsid, including translocation of the C termini of VP4 subunits, which become poised for release through pores that open in the capsids of activated particles. VP4 subunits with altered conformation block the RNA–VP2 interactions and expose patches of positively charged residues. The conformational changes to the capsid induce the redistribution of the virus genome by altering the capsid–RNA interactions. The restructuring of the rhinovirus 14 capsid and genome prepares the virions for conversion to activated particles. The high-resolution structure of rhinovirus 14 in complex with ICAM-1 explains how the binding of uncoating receptors enables enterovirus genome release.
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Jalaguier, Pascal, Réjean Cantin, Halim Maaroufi y Michel J. Tremblay. "Selective Acquisition of Host-Derived ICAM-1 by HIV-1 Is a Matrix-Dependent Process". Journal of Virology 89, n.º 1 (15 de octubre de 2014): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02701-14.
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ABSTRACTHIV-1 acquires an impressive number of foreign components during its formation. Despite all previous efforts spent studying the nature and functionality of virus-anchored host molecules, the exact mechanism(s) through which such constituents are acquired by HIV-1 is still unknown. However, in the case of ICAM-1, one of the most extensively studied transmembrane proteins found associated with mature virions, the Pr55Gagprecursor polyprotein appears to be a potential interaction partner. We investigated and characterized at the molecular level the process of ICAM-1 incorporation using initially a Pr55Gag-based virus-like particle (VLP) model. Substitution of various domains of Pr55Gag, such as the nucleocapsid, SP2, or p6, had no effect on the acquisition of ICAM-1. We found that the structural matrix protein (MA) is mandatory for ICAM-1 incorporation within VLPs, and we confirmed this novel observation with the replication-competent HIV-1 molecular clone NL4.3. Additional studies suggest that the C-terminal two-thirds of MA, and especially 13 amino acids positioned inside the fifth α-helix, are important. Moreover, based on three-dimensional (3D) modeling of protein-protein interactions (i.e., protein-protein docking) and further validation by a virus capture assay, we found that a series of acidic residues in the MA domain interact with basic amino acids located in the ICAM-1 cytoplasmic tail. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular mechanism governing the acquisition of ICAM-1, a host molecule known to enhance HIV-1 infectivity in a significant manner. Altogether, these observations offer a new avenue for the development of antiviral therapeutics that are directed at a target of host origin.IMPORTANCEIntercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a cell surface host component known to be efficiently inserted within emerging HIV-1 particles. It has been demonstrated that host-derived ICAM-1 molecules act as a strong attachment factor and increase HIV-1 infectivity substantially. Despite previous efforts spent studying virus-associated host molecules, the precise mechanism(s) through which such constituents are inserted within emerging HIV-1 particles still remains obscure. Previous data suggest that the Pr55Gagprecursor polyprotein appears as a potential interaction partner with ICAM-1. In the present study, we demonstrate that the HIV-1 matrix domain plays a key role in the ICAM-1 incorporation process. Some observations were confirmed with whole-virus preparations amplified in primary human cells, thereby providing physiological significance to our data.
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SHAHANE, A. A., Y. S. SHIVAY, D. KUMAR y R. PRASANNA. "Role of zinc, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, and use of microbial inoculation in zinc nutrition of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under different crop establishment methods". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88, n.º 9 (25 de septiembre de 2018): 1334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v88i9.83509.
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A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the Research Farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the role of N, P and Zn fertilization, and microbial inoculation on concentration and uptake of zinc (Zn) in wheat plant ('HD 2967') at different growth stages, and DTPA-extractable Zn content in soil under three different crop establishment methods (CEMs), viz. conventional drill-sown wheat (CDW), system of wheat intensification (SWI) and zero tillage wheat (ZTW). Experiment was conducted in split-plot design with three CEMs as main plot, viz. CDW, SWI and ZTW. In subplot, two rate of N and P application [100% recommended dose of nutrients (N120P25.8) (RDN) and 75% RDN] and two microbial inoculations (MI), viz. Anabaenasp. (CR1) + Providencia sp. (PR3) (MI1) and Anabaena-Pseudomonas biofilmed formulation (MI2) was applied with 75% RDN making total four combination which were applied with and without Zn (5 kg Zn/ha through zinc sulphate heptahydrate) along with absolute control. Zinc fertilization increased Zn concentration in wheat grain by 3 and 2.9- 3.2 mg/kg when Zn was applied with 100% RDN and 75% RDN + MI1 and 75% RDN + MI2, respectively which showed the role of Zn fertilization in Zn nutrition of wheat. Application of 100% RDN increased total Zn uptake by 78 and 180 g/ha over 75% RDN and control in Zn applied treatments which showed the role of N and P application on Zn nutrition of wheat. Application of MI1 and MI2 with 75% RDN increased grain Zn concentration by 2.3 and2.5 mg/kg indicating their role in Zn nutrition of wheat. Among CEMs, ZTW was found superior and increased Zn concentration in wheat grain by 4.7 and 4.5 mg/kg over CDW and SWI, respectively. Soil DTPA-extractable Zn content was increased in all Zn applied treatments at harvest over initial level which indicates the positive effect of Zn fertilization on soil Zn status. Our study showed that application of recommended dose of Zn alone was not good enough to have proper Zn nutrition of wheat and to increase concentration and uptake of Zn in wheat plant and grain, but application of N and P at recommended rate and selecting suitable CEM is equally important.
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Liu, Fang, Hongyu Zhang, Xiao Wang, Yisong Xiong, Yuanzhen Cao, Yi Su, Hai Yi et al. "First-in-Human Trial of Bcma-CD19 Compound CAR with Remarkable Donor-Specific Antibody Reduction". Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13 de noviembre de 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-122964.
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Background HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) are preformed antibodies found in recipients against donor's HLA antigens. HLA DSAs are generated through the activation of B cells, which differentiate into specific plasma cells for a given recipient HLA determinant. The existence of HLA DSAs forms a significant barrier to the success of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) because HLA DSAs are known to cause primary graft failure (PGF). Rates of primary graft failure (PGF) with DSAs have been reported to be between 24 to 83%, and the highest rates are seen in haplo-identical and cord blood transplantation recipients. Currently, there has not been an established method of depleting DSAs due to the long half life of plasma cells. Since there has been an increasing number of alternative or HLA-mismatched AHSCT performed in hematologic malignancies, it is crucial to develop a feasible way of eliminating DSAs in recipients of AHSCT. CD19 CAR T cells, which have achieved great success in treating B cell malignancies, were shown to have profound efficacy of treating B cell related autoimmune disorders such as lupus in recent mouse model preclinical studies. However, plasma cells were spared in the treatment of lupus with single target CD19 CAR T cells. Additionally, peripheral circulating anti-DNA IgG and IgM autoantibodies remain elevated or increased in treated mice. Here we present the efficacy of BCMA-CD19 compound CAR (cCAR), which target both B cells and plasma cells, in preclinical study and in our first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial. Method We constructed a BCMA-CD19 cCAR, which is a 2-unit CAR composed of a complete BCMA-CAR fused to a complete CD19-CAR by a self-cleaving P2A peptide, enabling independent expression of both CAR receptors separately on the T-cell surface. We then assessed the functional activity of cCAR in co-culture assay with multiple cell lines. We also verified cCAR efficacy with two mouse models each injected with either BCMA-expressing MM.1S cells or CD19-expressing REH tumor cells. In our phase 1 clinical trial, we enrolled children and adults with B-ALL planning to undergo stem cell transplant but were excluded due to high titers of DSAs. Results BCMA-CD19 CAR T-cells exhibited robust cytotoxic activity against the K562 tumor cell line, which is synthetically expressing CD19 or BCMA surface antigen, in co-culture assays. These results indicate the ability of each complete CAR domain to specifically lyse target cells. In mouse model study, BCMA-CD19 CAR T cells were able to eliminate myeloma cells in mice injected with MM.1S cells (multiple myeloma cell line) and deplete REH tumor burden in mice injected with REH cells (B acute lymphoblastic cell line). Our preclinical results demonstrated that both components of the compound CAR, BCMA and CD19, are specifically and equally lysing B cells and plasma cells in vivo, making BCMA-CD19 cCAR a candidate for clinical use. In our first-in-human clinical trial, a 48 yr old female patient having treatment resistant B-ALL with high DSA titers achieved remarkable reduction of DSA titer levels following a single dose of BCMA-CD19 cCAR T cells. Patient exhibited complete remission of B-ALL at day 14 post-CAR T cells. Leukemic cells, normal B cells and plasma cells in bone marrow were undetectable by flow cytometry analysis. Total IgM dropped by 80% 2 weeks post-CAR. Eight different DSA antibody titers were also significantly decreased. At 8 weeks post-CAR, all DSA antibodies titers that we examined were reduced by approximately 80% (Figure 1). Updated results in our phase 1 clinical trial will be presented. Conclusion Our first in human clinical trial on BCMA-CD19 cCAR demonstrated profound efficacy in reducing DSA levels in patients with B-ALL, which made them eligible candidates for stem cell transplant. Our results further suggested that BCMA-CD19 cCAR has the potential to be applied beyond the realm of hematological diseases and can benefit patients receiving solid organ transplants or those with other antibody-mediated diseases such as lupus, multiple sclerosis and ANCA related autoimmune disorders including microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), or eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Disclosures Ma: iCAR Bio Therapeutics Ltd: Employment. Wada:iCell Gene Therapeutics LLC: Employment. Ma:iCell Gene Therapeutics LLC: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Research Funding; iCAR Bio Therapeutics Ltd: Consultancy, Equity Ownership, Research Funding.
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Sugama, Y., C. Tiruppathi, K. offakidevi, T. T. Andersen, J. W. Fenton y A. B. Malik. "Thrombin-induced expression of endothelial P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1: a mechanism for stabilizing neutrophil adhesion." Journal of Cell Biology 119, n.º 4 (15 de noviembre de 1992): 935–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.119.4.935.
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Thrombin-induced expression of endothelial adhesivity toward neutrophils (PMN) was studied using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). HUVEC were challenged with human alpha-thrombin for varying durations up to 120 min, after which the cells were fixed with 1% paraformaldehyde and 51Cr-labeled human PMN were added to determine PMN adhesion. Endothelial adhesivity increased within 15 min after alpha-thrombin exposure, and the response persisted up to 120 min. Expression of endothelial adhesion proteins, P-selectin (GMP-140, PADGEM, CD62), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; CD54) on the endothelial surface was quantitated by increase in the specific binding of anti-P-selectin mAb G1 and anti-ICAM-1 mAb RR1/1 labeled with 125I. P-selectin expression was maximal at 5-15 min alpha-thrombin exposure and decayed to basal levels within 90 min. In contrast, ICAM-1 activity increased at 30 min and remained elevated for 120 min after alpha-thrombin challenge. The initial endothelial adhesivity was dependent on P-selectin expression since PMN adhesion occurring within the first 30 min after alpha-thrombin challenge was inhibited by mAb G1. The later prolonged PMN adhesion was ICAM-1 dependent since this response was inhibited by mAb RR1/1 and to the same degree by the anti-CD18 mAb IB4. Anti-ELAM-1 mAb BB11 had no effect on adhesion of PMN to the alpha-thrombin-challenged cells. The initial P-selectin expression and PMN adhesion responses were reproduced by the 14-amino peptide (SFLLRNPNDKYEPF) (thrombin-receptor activity peptide; TRP-14) which comprised the NH2 terminus created by thrombin's proteolytic action on its receptors. However, TRP-14-induced PMN adhesion was transient, and TRP-14 did not cause ICAM-1 expression. The ICAM-1-dependent PMN adhesion mediated by alpha-thrombin was protein synthesis independent since ICAM-1 expression and PMN adhesion were not inhibited by cycloheximide pretreatment of HUVEC. Moreover, Northern blot analysis indicated absence of ICAM-1 mRNA signal up to 180 min after alpha-thrombin challenge. In conclusion, thrombin-induced endothelial adhesivity involves early- and late-phase responses. The initial reversible PMN adhesion is mediated by rapid P-selectin expression via TRP-14 generation. Thrombin-induced PMN adhesion is stabilized by a protein synthesis-independent upregulation of the constitutive ICAM-1 activity which enables the interaction of ICAM-1 with the CD18 beta 2 integrin on PMN.
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Phillip, Shukrani, Martha F. Mushi, Arun Gonzales Decano, Jeremiah Seni, Blandina T. Mmbaga, Happiness Kumburu, Eveline T. Konje et al. "Molecular Characterizations of the Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Species Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Tanzania: A Laboratory-Based Cross-Sectional Study". Pathogens 12, n.º 2 (24 de enero de 2023): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020180.
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Background: There is a growing body of evidence on the potential involvement of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) in causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). The aim of this study was to delineate virulence potential, antimicrobial resistance genes, and sequence types of CoNS isolated from patients with UTI symptoms and pyuria in Tanzania. Methods: CoNS from patients with UTI symptoms and more than 125 leucocytes/μL were retrieved, subcultured, and whole-genome sequenced. Results: Out of 65 CoNS isolates, 8 species of CoNS were identified; Staphylococcus haemolyticus, n = 27 (41.5%), and Staphylococcus epidermidis, n = 24 (36.9%), were predominant. The majority of S. haemolyticus were sequence type (ST) 30, with 8 new ST138-145 reported, while the majority of S. epidermidis were typed as ST490 with 7 new ST1184-1190 reported. Sixty isolates (92.3%) had either one or multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. The most frequently detected resistance genes were 53 (21%) dfrG, 32 (12.9%) blaZ, and 26 (10.5%) mecA genes conferring resistance to trimethoprim, penicillin, and methicillin, respectively. Out of 65 isolates, 59 (90.8%) had virulence genes associated with UTI, with a predominance of the icaC 47 (46.5%) and icaA 14 (13.9%) genes. Conclusion:S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis harboring icaC, dfrG, blaZ, and mecA genes were the predominant CoNS causing UTI in Tanzania. Laboratories should carefully interpret the significant bacteriuria due to CoNS in relation to UTI symptoms and pyuria before labeling them as contaminants. Follow-up studies to document the outcome of the treated patients is needed to add more evidence that CoNS are UTI pathogens.
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Sundaray, J. K., P. N. Ananth, N. K. Barik, P. R. Sahoo, P. P. Pal y A. K. Dash. "Institutional perspective for doubling fish farmers’ income: A case study". Indian Journal of Fisheries 67, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2019.67.2.79563-14.
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Doubling farmers’ income (DFI) by 2022 has been set as a target for Agriculture sector of India. Extensive deliberations have been made on application and adoption of technologies/packages as key forces to reach the target. The responsibility is with numerous stakeholders and the specific role of Research and Development (R&D) institutions in doubling farmers’ income has not been touched upon. As agriculture and allied sectors like aquaculture is a state subject, greater linkages have to be established by R&D institutions to achieve the target. The present study analysed the role of R&D institution in doubling farmers’ income, keeping technology as an effective tool, based on a case study of ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Bhubaneswar and Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)-Khordha in Odisha State, India. The results of the study delineated the ways and means for ICAR-CIFA and KVK, Khordha to achieve the target of doubling farmers’ income by developing models with existing proven technology, upscaling proven extension approaches like Farmers Field Schools (FFS) replicated as Aquaculture Field Schools (AFS), best practices to be adopted and rationalising farm innovations.
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SINGH, ANIL KUMAR, R. S. PAAN, R. K. SINGH, I. S. SINGH, DEEPAK SINGH, DEOKARAN, I. S. SOLANKI et al. "Performance of newly developed faba bean (Vicia faba) varieties in different agro-ecological condition of Eastern India". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 91, n.º 12 (31 de enero de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v91i12.120792.
Texto completoResumen
Two varieties, the Swarana Suraksha and Swarana Gaurav of faba bean (Vicia faba L.), developed at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna; were evaluated against check variety Vikrant, for its suitability under different agro-ecological conditions of Eastern region of India. Performance evaluations were done at multilocation in eastern Indo Gangetic plains of Bihar; semiarid saline condition of Uttar Pradesh and in the acidic condition of hills and plateau region of Jharkhand. The multiplication testing was conducted during 2013-14 to 2015-16. Significantly higher yields of 3.03 t/ha and 4.32 t/ha were recorded with Swarana Suraksha while 2.31 t/ha and 4.91 t/ha for Swarana Gaurav under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. Location wise significantly maximum seed yield of 3.61 t/ha was recorded at IARI, Pusa and the corresponding minimum of 2.33 t/ha was recorded at ICAR Ranchi centre. Individually, under irrigated condition, Swarana Gaurav produced significantly higher yield of 5.57 t/ha at IARI, Pusa. Swarana Suraksha was found suitable for both, rainfed and irrigated conditions; whereas Swarana Gaurav was suitable for irrigated condition. These two varieties are already been notified by the Cenral Varietal Release Committee for its cultivation in Bihar; but both the varieties could be recommended for its cultivation in Eastern states. Currently, both the developed varieties are under multiplication at ICAR Research complex for Eastern Region, Patna, right from 2015-16 onwards to introduce in seed chain by 2020-21.
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Sahoo, P. R., P. N. Ananth, B. K. Pati, B. K. Banja y J. K. Sundaray. "Community, institutions and technology in effective utilisation of common property resources: A case of community aquaculture". Indian Journal of Fisheries 64, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2017.64.4.71665-14.
Texto completoResumen
The present study is based on the demonstration of composite fish culture in 15 villages spread in five blocks of Khordha District covering an area of 28.2 ha during the period 2010-11 to 2014-15 by Krishi Vigyan Kendra- Khordha, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar. The community ponds were selected in the adopted villages and the demonstration was expansively participatory involving community in all phases of the intervention. Capacity building and skill demonstration on the scientific management practices were provided to the groups involved in the process. In some of the community ponds, critical inputs were provided partially to motivate the group. The results of the study indicated that average fish yield of the adopted community ponds was 2441 kg ha-1 against the pre-adoption production level of 1571.8 kg ha-1. The average increase in fish production and net income were 58.22 and 88.72% respectively with increased average benefit cost ratio from 1.878 to 2.37. After withdrawal of KVK from the adopted villages, the communities continued the practices and are in contact for advisory services. The study concludes that community participation, institutional commitment and viable technology are mandatory to effectively utilise common property resources for supporting rurallivelihoods.