Tesis sobre el tema "Hydroxide diffusion"
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Vidal, David. "Développement et évaluation de nouveaux séparateurs pour les batteries Nickel-Zinc". Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1273.
Texto completoNickel-Zinc based batteries offer performances that match the requirements of the storage of the intermittency of renewable energies. Moreover, compared to Lithium-ion batteries, this technology happens to be safe, highly recyclable and zinc is an abundant metal. In these batteries, electrodes are separated by a polymer separator restricting the diffusion of zincate ions from zinc electrode towards the nickel while promoting the transfer of hydroxide ions. However, the lifetime of these separators currently limits the battery's performance. Thus, there is a critical need to develop more durable separators for batteries operating in alkaline electrolyte.This PhD work first focused on the study of the main characteristics of commercially (hydroxide diffusion, wettability, etc.) of commercial Celgard® separators, treated with a hydrophilic coating or not, and on their evolution under a chemical ageing. This study allowed correlate the desorption of hydrophilic coating with the decay in battery performances.To improve the performance stability over time, a cross-linked hydrophilic polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), was introduced into the porous volume of several separators, differentiated by the presence or absence of a hydrophilic coating. The presence of this crosslinked polymer was found to improve the separator wettability and the hydroxide ion diffusion. These properties are preserved after an accelerated chemical ageing in water or alkaline electrolyte.The introduction of surfactants in combination with PVA further improves these properties, while PVA enhances the separator's stability during aging. Finally, Ni-Zn battery tests using the separators developed during this thesis have confirmed these promising results
Chen, Yuanxin. "POLYMER MEMBRANES FOR FLUE GAS CARBON CAPTURE AND FUEL CELL APPLICATION". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440069742.
Texto completoGao, Yang. "Low-temperature removal of hydrogen chloride from flue gas using hydrated lime as a sorbent". Ohio : Ohio University, 1999. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1175884147.
Texto completoGiordano, Gabriela Furlan 1990. "Modificação de eletrodos com óxido/hidróxido de níquel e acoplamento em sistema de difusão gasosa para a determinação de etanol em amostras de vinho de cana-de-açúcar". [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248390.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um sistema eletroquímico capaz de detectar e quantificar etanol presente em amostras de vinho de cana-de-açúcar. Três métodos de modificação de eletrodo de níquel foram estudados visando à obtenção das espécies Ni(OH)2/NiOOH. Um dos métodos consistiu no condicionamento eletroquímico em NaOH, o outro, na oxidação química em persulfato de amônio e tratamento térmico e o terceiro, na deposição eletroquímica de Ni(OH)2 dopados com Co2+ e Cd2+, a partir de solução contendo os nitratos desses metais. Esse último apresentou resultados com maior repetibilidade de preparação e resposta. As técnicas SEM-FEG e XPS foram empregadas, a fim de caracterizar morfologicamente o Ni(OH)2 obtido e permitir determinações qualitativas e quantitativas sobre a composição química da superfície, respectivamente. Para a aplicação nas amostras empregou-se a técnica de extração por difusão gasosa através de uma membrana hidrofóbica. Assim, um módulo de extração foi construído no qual uma membrana de PTFE separou a solução de etanol - a ser analisada - de uma solução receptora de NaOH 100,0 mmol L-1, na qual o sistema eletroquímico foi acoplado. As condições aplicadas ao sistema foram otimizadas de modo a resultar em menores desvios das medidas analíticas. O vapor de etanol recolhido na solução de NaOH foi analisado utilizando o eletrodo de trabalho desenvolvido e foi possível monitorar soluções de etanol no intervalo 2,0 a 20,0% v/v. A concentração de etanol foi determinada em amostras de vinho de cana-de-açúcar por dois métodos diferentes: interpolação em curva analítica preparada em meio salino com condutividade similar às amostras e adição de padrão. Os resultados obtidos foram estatisticamente equivalentes em comparação com a técnica de FTIR, considerando nível de confiança de 95%
Abstract: This work describes the development of an electrochemical system to detect and quantify ethanol on fermentation broths. Three methods were studied to modify the electrode surface in order to obtain Ni(OH)2/NiOOH species: i) electrochemical cycling in NaOH solution; ii) chemical oxidation on ammonium persulfate and heat treatment; and, iii) electrochemical deposition of nickel, cobalt and cadmium from a solution containing the respective nitrates and application of cathodic current. The latter one showed good repeatability, therefore, an analytical curve was obtained by cyclic voltammetry technique and the analytical sensitivity was 1.2 ìA L mmol-1. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to characterize the structures formed and allow qualitative and quantitative determination about the surface chemical composition. In order to provide selectivity to electrochemical determination of ethanol on complex samples, the electrochemical system was coupled to gas diffusion extraction through hydrophobic membrane. Thus, an extraction module was constructed in which a PTFE membrane separated the ethanol donor solution, standard or sample, from receptor solution, the electrolyte used on electrochemical analyses (100.0 mmol L-1 NaOH). The conditions applied to the system were optimized to yield repeatability on analytical measurements. In this platform, it was possible to monitor ethanol solutions in the range of 2.0 up to 20.0% v/v. Samples of fermentation broth were analyzed by two methods: direct interpolation on saline analytical curve with conductivity similar to samples and standard addition. The results were in agreement with respect to those obtained by FTIR method at 95% confidence level
Mestrado
Quimica Analitica
Mestra em Química
Quienne, Pascale. "Mécanisme de coagulation-floculation de la silice colloi͏̈dale par les hydroxydes de fer : étude par diffusion aux petits angles des rayons X". Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE2024.
Texto completoMeyer, Michaël. "Synthèse et propriétés d'organisation de particules plaquettaires d'hydroxyde de nickel dispersées par voie électrostatique". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066386.
Texto completoAyturk, Mahmut Engin. "Synthesis, annealing strategies and in-situ characterization of thermally stable composite thin Pd/Ag alloy membranes for hydrogen separation". Worcester, Mass. : Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2007. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042307-012951/.
Texto completoKeywords: composite Pd and Pd/Ag membranes, alloying, Pd/Ag barrier, intermetallic diffusion, bi-metal multi-layer BMML deposition, electroless plating kinetics, high temperature x-ray diffraction, aluminum hydroxide surface grading, porous sintered metal supports, hydrogen separation. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 279-296 ).
Savanier, Marc. "Guides d'ondes AIgaAs oxydés pour la conversion de fréquences optiques". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077120.
Texto completoThis work focuses on the technological know-how necessary to fabricate integrated parametric sources emitting in the infrared. Thanks to a high quadratic nonlinearity and mature fabrication techniques, AlGaAs/AlOx birefringent waveguides are good candidates for this purpose. The fabrication and characterization of such a frequency converter, designed for the parametric down-conversion of a 775 nm pump into photon pairs at 1550 nm, led to the demonstration of a 1100 %W⁻¹cm⁻² normalized conversion efficiency, a 0. 3 mW generated second harmonic power, as well as a tunability of 570 nm. Despite these state-of-the-art performances for AlGaAs integrated devices, oxidation induced optical losses still constitute the bottleneck of this phase-matching scheme. In order to investigate their origin, in relation with the oxide properties, a study on their spectral behavior has been carried out. Two distinct mechanisms have been highlighted : scattering is the main contribution at large wavelengths whereas absorption is dominant at shorter wavelengths. While the former is qualitatively described by a model accounting for the AlOx rough interfaces, the latter has been tentatively ascribed to the presence of defects generated by the oxidation reaction. Two technological developments have then been undertaken to improve the conversion efficiency of our devices. First the propagation losses were reduced with a fine optimization of the oxidation process. Second the waveguides were placed into an integrated optical cavity to enhance the fields. The results achived through both these developments are promising for the realization of efficient nonlinear photonic devices, e. G. An integrated OPO
Maurey, Christophe. "Etude expérimentale de la stabilisation et du soufflage des flammes de diffusion turbulentes suspendues". Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES001.
Texto completoLaaziz, Ilham. "Etude de l'hydrolyse d'alkoxydes de titane et de zirconium par réaction d'estérification". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20280.
Texto completoJaime, Ferrer Jesus Salvador. "Conversion du formiate de sodium en acide formique et hydroxyde de sodium par procédés électromembranaires : rôle de la diffusion à travers les membranes et modélisation de l'électrodialyse à membranes bipolaires". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1107.
Texto completoIn this work the conventionally electrodialysis (CED) was used to concentrate a dilute solution of sodium formate up to a concentration of2 mol L-1. Then, the bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) has been proposed to regenerate formic acid and sodium hydroxide from the concentrated sodium formate solution. The influence of various operating parameters on the performance of the BMED, such as initial concentrations and current density, was studied for two configurations: two compartments with a cation-exchange membrane (CEM) and three compartments with a CEM and anion-exchange membrane (AEM). Il has been shown that the diffusion of formic acid and leakage of OH- are the main phenomena that limit the current efficiency and purity of obtained solutions. A small cell (Electrocell AB) was used to study the diffusion through various commercial membranes. The influence of parameters on the diffusion has been studied: the concentration of formic acid, sodium formate and sodium hydroxide, temperature, mature of membranes. These studies compare the performance between the differents commercial membranes. The diffusion tests were compared to pilote experiments. A predictivemodel based on mass balance was proposed and validated at pilot scale for two and three compartments BMED. It allows to predict the evolution of different species and current efficiency expected from the initial concentrations, the current density and temperature
Olalla, Beatriz. "Analyse des mécanismes de dispersion élémentaires et globaux de charges minérales dans les polymères : influence de la rhéologie et de la structure de la matrice". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STET4003/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this study is the analysis of the dispersion of mineral fillers within a polymer matrix. This work aims is to increase the fire resistance of a polyolefin by dispersing magnesium hydroxide mineral filler. High amounts of magnesium hydroxide are needed to reach a significant performance of the fire resistance. The high loads induce a degradation of the mechanical properties of the material. In order to obtain a good dispersion and to improve the mechanical properties, a high viscosity matrix may be used. However, this causes problems during the manufacturing of the composite by extrusion because high pressures induced by a highly filled viscous matrix might block the machine. To solve this issue a less viscous matrix can be used to facilitate the processing by extrusion. Two matrices having the same physico-chemical properties but very different viscosities have been used to disperse the filler. The first part of the study concerns the identification and analysis of the elementary mechanism of dispersion, i.e. how an individual agglomerate is dispersed. Then, extrapolation to highly filled systems is carried out. The global mechanism of dispersion has been conducted in an internal mixer and characterization techniques such as scanning electronic microscopy with X-ray detection, tensile test, fractal dimension and dynamic rheometry in the melt have been used. A rheological model relating dynamic rheological measurements and the state of dispersion has been developed. The last part of the study is concerned with the optimization of the fabrication process and the dispersion of filers by twin screw extruder
Farrell, Troy W. "The mathematical modelling of primary alkaline battery cathodes". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
Buscar texto completoLefaucheur, Charles-Élie. "Étude d’un procédé multi-étapes de traitement pyrométallurgique de déchets industriels spéciaux : application aux boues d’hydroxydes métalliques issues du traitement de surface d’aciers inoxydables". Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0100.
Texto completoBresson, Alexandre. "Techniques d'imagerie quantitatives : fluorescence induite par laser appliquée aux écoulements et aux combustions". Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES065.
Texto completoJohansen, Jonathan Frederick. "Mathematical modelling of primary alkaline batteries". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16412/1/Jonathan_Johansen_Thesis.pdf.
Texto completoJohansen, Jonathan Frederick. "Mathematical modelling of primary alkaline batteries". Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16412/.
Texto completoDebeusscher, Sylvanie. "Stockage et caractérisation de l'hydrogène dans les oxydes mixtes à base de cérium-nickel et zirconium ou aluminium". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10122.
Texto completoThe mixed oxides based on cerium-nickel and zirconium or aluminium are able to store large quantities of hydrogen, To determiine nature, reactivity and properties of hydrogen species (spill-over, direct desorption), the solid were studied by different physicochemical techniques in the dried, calcined and partially reduced states: XRD, porosity, TGA, TPR, TPA, TPD, chemical titration and inelastic neutron scattering (INS). Solids are mainly mesoporous with a common pore size at 4 nm, They are constituted of CeO2 phase, Ce-Ni or Ce-Ni-Zr solid solution and of Ni(OH)2 in the dried state and NiO in the calcined state. The Ni species are in various environments and the strong interactions between the cations in solid solution and at different particles interface influence their reducibility and the creation of anionic vacancies. Activation in H2 in temperature is determining for hydrogen storage in the solid while calcination step is not necessary. INS Analyses evidence that the hydrogen species inserted during treatment in H2 are H+( OH-), hydride H- and H* (metallic nickel) species, present in various chemical environments, in particular for hydride species. All kinds of hydrogen species participate to the reaction during the chemical titration in agreement with the proposed hydrogenation mechanism. The study of the adsorption of hydrogen shows that this step is fast and in quantity of the same order as that measured by chemical titration. The direct desorption of H2 is very low, linked to the presence of hydrogen in interaction with metallic nickel (H*-·). Desorption of water is also observed, in parallel, corresponding to the elimination of groups. The hydride species are not desorbed. These various observations allow connecting hydrogen species properties with their localization in the structure and to model active sites
Debeusscher, Sylvanie. "Stockage et caractérisation de l'hydrogène dans les oxydes mixtes à base de cérium-nickel et zirconium ou aluminium". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10122/document.
Texto completoThe mixed oxides based on cerium-nickel and zirconium or aluminium are able to store large quantities of hydrogen, To determiine nature, reactivity and properties of hydrogen species (spill-over, direct desorption), the solid were studied by different physicochemical techniques in the dried, calcined and partially reduced states: XRD, porosity, TGA, TPR, TPA, TPD, chemical titration and inelastic neutron scattering (INS). Solids are mainly mesoporous with a common pore size at 4 nm, They are constituted of CeO2 phase, Ce-Ni or Ce-Ni-Zr solid solution and of Ni(OH)2 in the dried state and NiO in the calcined state. The Ni species are in various environments and the strong interactions between the cations in solid solution and at different particles interface influence their reducibility and the creation of anionic vacancies. Activation in H2 in temperature is determining for hydrogen storage in the solid while calcination step is not necessary. INS Analyses evidence that the hydrogen species inserted during treatment in H2 are H+( OH-), hydride H- and H* (metallic nickel) species, present in various chemical environments, in particular for hydride species. All kinds of hydrogen species participate to the reaction during the chemical titration in agreement with the proposed hydrogenation mechanism. The study of the adsorption of hydrogen shows that this step is fast and in quantity of the same order as that measured by chemical titration. The direct desorption of H2 is very low, linked to the presence of hydrogen in interaction with metallic nickel (H*-·). Desorption of water is also observed, in parallel, corresponding to the elimination of groups. The hydride species are not desorbed. These various observations allow connecting hydrogen species properties with their localization in the structure and to model active sites
Sacadura, Jean-Christian. "Etude expérimentale des flammes non-prémélangées hydrogène-oxygène. Caractérisation des champs dynamiques et scalaires". Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES045.
Texto completoHamoudi, Amine. "Réaction alcali-silice dans le béton : étude de la dégradation structurale comparée de composés SiO2 (silice amorphe, quartz, silex)". Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10113/document.
Texto completoThe relationships between the structure and the physical and chemical properties are very important in materials. In particular, the degree of order, the crystal defects and the structural heterogeneities or chemical parameters appear to play a key role in the reactivity of materials. This work is devoted to the study of the reactivity of silica-based materials, and shows of the influence of ordering and crystallinity on the sensitivity to the alkali silica reaction. In this perspective, the reactivity of three different materials: silica glass, aggregates (Flint) and quartz was followed by various techniques. Quartz reacts very slowly whereas the silica glass reacts very quickly, the aggregate exhibiting an intermediate behavior. A closer analysis shows that the amorphous or poorly crystalline fraction of the aggregate reacts preferentially. The role played by these poorly crystalline fractions suggests the use of techniques sensitive to short and medium range order such as: X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS) and solid state NMR. Chemical maps obtained by electron microscopy (scanning or in transmission) or at the synchrotron, show that the potassium K+ is the first to diffuse and that penetration of calcium Ca++ is more sluggish in crystalline silica. Locally, silicon NMR analysis shows that depolymerization of the crystalline lattice allows further penetration of calcium. The micro-XANES reveals the presence of several environments around silicon atoms. One exhibits four oxygen first neighbours and the other has less than four oxygen atoms around the silicon. On the other hand, the EXAFS shows the absence of Ca or K in the second layer of neighbouring silicon atom absorber. These results help to advance the understanding of reaction mechanisms occurring in the aggregate altered by the reaction