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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Hydrologie karstique – Amazone, Bassin de l'"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Hydrologie karstique – Amazone, Bassin de l'"
Hidalgo, Sánchez Liz Stefanny. "Rôle d'un karst andin tropical (Alto Mayo, Pérou) sur la dynamique de production de matériel dissous vers l'Amazone : analyse du fonctionnement hydrogéologique et des flux associés". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS326.
Texto completoIn the Andean area of the Amazon Basin, karst areas play a major role in the geochemistry of the Amazon River and in the CO2 consumption associated with weathering processes despite the small surface they cover (<1% of the basin of the Amazon basin). Amazon). Peru concentrates nearly 90% of these Andean karst areas, which stretch from the peaks of the Cordillera (at more than 5000 m altitude) to the Amazon piedmont (400 m) in a wide variety of tropical ecosystems. Although these areas represent a major source of dissolved materials exported by the Amazon, they have never been studied for characterizing the hydrogeologic functioning of these karstic systems and estimate their contributions in term of dissolved fluxes. To identify the control factors of the dynamics of production and transfer of dissolved matter from the carbonated domain to the Amazon, the hydrogeological functioning of aquifers of the karst massif of Alto Mayo, located on the eastern slope of the Andes Northern Peru, has been analyzed. The three main karst springs of the massif were equipped with CTD (Conductivity, Temperature and Depth) and periodic gauging was carried out to evaluate their flow. A bi-monthly sampling was carried out for the analysis of geochemical parameters (major and trace elements, Total Organic Carbon and stable isotopes of water). The temporal variability of flow rates and concentrations was calculated by the ratio of the standard deviation to the monthly mean percentage. The main spring of this massif (Río Negro, average flow = 22 m3s-1) is currently the most important karstic spring of South America. This major spring presents a low discharge variability during the hydrology cycle (the temporal variability of the discharge is 17%) and a weak impulse response to the precipitations, which indicate a strong damping signal by the karstic system. Low hydrological reactivity to rainfall is also observed at the Río Aguas Claras spring (temporal variability of flows of 59%). The Río Tío Yacu spring has a higher impulse response and a higher hydrological variability (temporal variability of flow rates of 67%). The hydrogeochemical signature of the groundwaters from all springs is highly dominated by the carbonate rocks weathering (Ca2+ et HCO3-). Daily total dissolved solid (TDS) was estimated by the relationship between electrical conductivity and TDS of the peruvian karstic springs studied in this work, and those of the French network of SNO Karst. This daily TDS has a relatively low variability during the hydrologic cycle (12%, 7% and 9% for Rio Negro, Aguas Claras and Tio Yacu springs, respectively) compared to that of the discharge. These results indicate that the dynamics of production of dissolved material, in the karstic spring of the Alto Mayo, is mainly controlled by the variability of flows despite the heterogeneity of the hydrodynamic behaviors. This “chemostatic’’ behavior has been observed in many contexts at the global scale and can be attributed to the fast kinetics of carbonate weathering. However, Rio Negro spring shows a weak variability of TDS fluxes, as a result of low discharge variability. This is conditioned by his hydrogeological behavior (more inertial), which involves weak hydrodynamic and hydrochemical responses after rainfall events. As a result, our results characterize the sensitivity of carbonate rocks weathering to hydroclimatic variability in tropical Andean environments. The weathering of Andean karstic areas represents 50% of the total of the dissolved fluxes exported by the Marañón River, the principal affluent of the Amazon river
Garcia, Govea Coral. "Approche hydro-géomorphologique comparée de deux cours d'eau et du bassin amazonien : le Río Beni et le Río Napo". Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010598.
Texto completoFilizola, Naziano. "Transfert sédimentaire actuel par les fleuves amazoniens". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30162.
Texto completoBriant, Gaël. "Estimation et localisation de l'assèchement forestier amazonien par imagerie MODIS". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26396/26396.pdf.
Texto completoCauduro, Dias de Paiva Rodrigo. "Hydrologie du bassin amazonien : compréhension et prévision fondées sur la modélisation hydrologique-hydrodynamique et la télédétection". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2009/.
Texto completoThe Amazon basin is known as the world's main hydrological system and by its important role in the earth system, carbon cycle and global climate. Recent anthropogenic pressure, such as deforestation, climate change and the construction of hydropower dams, together with increasing extreme floods and droughts, encourage the research on the hydrology of the Amazon basin. On the other hand, hydrological methods for modeling and remotely sensed observation are being developed, and can be used for this goal. This work aimed at understanding and forecasting the hydrology of the Amazon River basin. We developed and evaluated techniques for large scale hydrologic-hydrodynamic modeling, data assimilation of both in situ and remote sensing data and hydrological forecasting. By means of these techniques, we explored the functioning of the Amazon River basin, in terms of its physical processes and its hydrological predictability. We used the MGB-IPH large scale hydrologichydrodynamic model forced by satellite-based precipitation. The model had a good performance when extensively validated against in situ discharge and stage measurements and also remotely sensed data, including radar altimetry-based water levels, gravimetric-based terrestrial water storage and flood inundation extent. We showed that surface waters governs most of the terrestrial water storage changes, the influence of large water bodies on precipitation spatial variability and the importance of the floodplains and backwater effects on the routing of the Amazon floodwaves. Analyses showed the dominant role of hydrological initial conditions, mainly surface waters, on hydrological predictability on the main Amazon Rivers, while the knowledge of future precipitation may be secondary. Aiming at the optimal estimation of these hydrological states, we developed, for the first time, a data assimilation scheme for both gauged and satellite altimetry-based discharge and water levels into a large scale hydrologic-hydrodynamic model, and it showed a good performance. We also developed a forecast system prototype, where the model is based on initial conditions gathered by the data assimilation scheme and forced by satellite-based precipitation. Results are promising and the model was able to provide accurate discharge forecasts in the main Amazon rivers even for very large lead times (~1 to 3 months), predicting, for example, the historical 2005 drought. These results point to the potential of large scale hydrological models supported with remote sensing information for providing hydrological forecasts well in advance at world's large rivers and poorly monitored regions
Rousseau, Tristan. "Concentrations en terres rares (REE) et composition isotopique du Nd à l'interface fleuve Amazone/océan Atlantique : traçage de processus et bilan". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2374/.
Texto completoThe Amazon estuary is a major source of continental waters, dissolved elements and particles. This estuary is located in a crucial area for inter hemispheric water-mass transfers. A sampling of the Amazon and its estuary, the Brazilian and Guyanese margin and offshore waters was made in the framework of the AMANDES (ANR/IRD/INSU) research project. This Project is intregrated in the "process study" topic of the international research program GEOTRACES. This doctorate consisted in the study of rare earth element concentrations (REE) and Nd isotopic compositions both of these being tracers of source, transport and processes. A precise isototopic dilution method for determining the REE concentrations was thus developed. The obtained data allows to 1) observe a radical change in Nd repartition between dissolved particles and colloids from the river water to the seawater; 2) trace for the first time at a local scale and in a natural environment, consequent lithogenic sources of Nd and REE to the dissolved phase from suspended and margin deposited sediments; complete the world database of these tracers thus revealing a contrasted geoquemical signature for the Antarctic Intermediate Waters with that observed south of 30°S and which could be explained by South Atlantic sourced contributions of margin sediment. Recent experimental and modelling works conclude theunderestimation of marine sediments as a source term for the ocean, a term which is crucial for global geoquemical cycles
Bouchez, Julien. "Relations entre dynamique sédimentaire et altération dans les grandes fleuves : exemple de l'Amazone". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077055.
Texto completoRivers transport the residual products of continental weathering, that display a large range of grain size, mineralogical and chemical compositions. These grains are sorted within the river channel during transport to the ocean. The Amazon Basin main tributaries have been sampled along depth-profiles, at various lateral positions. In the dissolved phase, lateral heterogeneities of major species and strontium isotopic composition, along with constraints on turbulent mixing, I suggest that most large rivers are not well-mixed regarding their different tributaries. At ail sites, suspended matter concentration significantly increases with depth. Chemical and isotopic compositions of suspended matter also vary I greatly with depth. A new classification of chemical elements, following their behaviour with respect to sorting and I weathering, is proposed. Comparison of the chemical composition, along the whole grain size range, ofr Amazon sediments between the outlet of the Andes and the river mouths, suggests relatively low weathering intensities during transfer of sediments through the floodplain. Finally, using organic carbon content and 14C activity measurements, we I demonstrate that fossil organic carbon oxidation during transfer through the floodplain results in a significant input of 1 CO2 in the atmosphere, nearly countering silicate weathering at the basin scale
Abbas, Jamil. "Dynamique hydrologique du bassin versant du moyen oronte, ghab (syrie)". Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20057.
Texto completoEspinoza, Villar Raúl. "Suivi de la dynamique spatiale et temporelle des flux sédimentaires dans le bassin de l'Amazone à partir d'images satellite". Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2550/.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to characterize the sedimentary fluxes of the main Amazonian rivers, using the remote sensing monitoring of their water optical properties. The field campaigns provided main characteristics of hydrological fluxes, suspended sediment (SS) and their apparent optical properties. Remote sensing reflectance is well correlated with the SS concentration in the infrared (r² = 0. 81-840 0. 9), without saturation between 500 - 850 nm. MODIS data was chosen in this study because of their high acquisition frequency. However, the use of such images is complicated because of the small size of the river steam in comparison to the pixel size. An algorithm was developed in order to automatically identify the pure water pixels into the MODIS images. The fluvial water reflectance calculated with the algorithm is validated with the in-situ radiometric data previously described, with a good precision. This algorithm is used to process automatically MODIS temporal series, along the Amazon River in Peru and the Madeira River in Brazil to check the quality of satellite estimates and understand the temporal and spatial variability of hydrosedimentary processes. This thesis demonstrates, for the first time, that the suspended sediment optical properties in a large watershed are spatially and temporally stable enough to allow effective monitoring of surface sediment flow using remote sensing
Dutra, Maia Poliana. "Le rôle des échanges entre le fleuve Amazone et la plaine d'inondation dans les processus de transport, de spéciation et de piégeage du mercure". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU30266.
Texto completoOne of the major environmental problem in the Amazon basin is the risk of mercury (Hg) contamination in aquatic environments and in riparian populations. The organic form of this element, the monomethylmercury (MMHg), shows a high toxicity and can reach elevated levels in fish due to the bioaccumulation and biomagnification processes in the food web. High rate of Hg methylation were measured particularly in floodplain lakes and in dam reservoirs. Even if in the Amazon basin floodplains occupy ~5% of the watershed area, they are still poorly studied. In the present work, we study the role of the water exchanges between the Amazon River and the floodplain lakes in the transfer, transport, partition and storage of mercury. Our study area is the "várzea do Curuai ", located along the Amazon River, 900 km upstream from the mouth. Most of the studied floodplain lakes, in particular all the white water lakes, receives water and sediment from the mainstream, whereas the black water lakes are more influenced by runoff and groundwater inputs. This work shows that the cycle and the distribution of the Hg species in the "várzea do Curuai " are more controlled by the hydrological dynamics of the Amazon R. And the local watershed. In the floodplain lakes, the MMHg and total Hg are mainly transported in the particulate phase, especially during the rising water stage when the river is flooding the lakes. During the water and sediment transfer in floodplain lakes, different Hg speciation processes occur, such as: i) the coagulation or flocculation of inorganic mercury with organo-mineral complexes that limits the amount of mercury available for bacterial methylation; effectively, we don't observe any MMHg enrichment between the Amazon River and the white water lakes, ii) a probably photo-reduction of Hg2+ in Hg° and its volatilisation in the atmosphere, inducing a depletion of dissolved Hg in the surface waters, iii) the re-suspension process of bottom sediments by the wind action and by bioturbation, enriching the water column in particulate Hg associated with oxy-hydroxides of Fe and Mn, iv) the Hg methylation and desorption of particulate MMHg but only in the black water lakes that are characterized by the reductive conditions. .