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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Hydrocolloïdes – Propriétés mécaniques"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Hydrocolloïdes – Propriétés mécaniques"
Abdallah, Maya. "Développer des hydrogels et étudier les effets des propriétés mécaniques sur les activités biologiques des podocytes". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS065.
Texto completoExtracellular matrix (ECM), non-cellular component, regulates and maintains the main biological activities of cells such as cellular survival, proliferation and differentiation. Recently, hydrogels scaffolds have shown a remarkable advancement as candidates for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Hydrogels are defined as hydrophilic polymer network having the ability to hold a large amount of water and biological fluid. Various natural and synthetic hydrogels have been studied and developed in many tissue regeneration purposes. They provide an appropriate mechanical support, chemical and biological cues mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM). These artificial matrices characteristics contribute to induce the cellular functions as adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. The thesis aim was to develop polymers based hydrogels and to study the effect of their physical properties on podocyte kidney cells. Synthetic hydrolyzed polyacrylamide based hydrogel (PAAm) was the choice of study where the physical properties can be tailored and tuned over a wide range. These scaffolds have provided elasticity similar to the in vivo glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and have shown a suitable candidate for the regulation of podocyte functions. Moreover, the development of synthetic and biologic hybrid hydrogels was able to mimic the biological and mechanical properties of native ECM. The combination of gelatin methacrylate and acrylamide (GelMA-AAm) based hydrogels have been investigated and has shown tunable mechanical properties mimicking the native kidney GBM elasticity and a significant attachment of podocytes without any surface functionalization with adhesion proteins. This work permits to investigate the cellular physiology and to develop kidney-on-chip in order to study the functions of kidney on both healthy and diseased states
Laquerbe, Sandrine. "Synthèse et propriétés d'hydrogels supramoléculaires stimulables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS140.pdf.
Texto completoLately, the research about hydrogels focused on the substitution of chemical crosslinkers by non-covalent bonds that allows to tune the gel properties. Within this scope, we developed a new non-covalent crosslinker by using the coordination complex between two terpyridines and an iron(II) cation. First, we achieved a comparative study between two polyacrylamide gels that were synthesized by a radical copolymerization with either the supramolecular crosslinker or a commonly used chemical crosslinker (MBA). This study revealed that both gels feature a similar structure at the length scale of the elastically effective network that directly controls the mechanical properties of the gels. Thus, despite some structure differences at lower length scales, both types of gels show the same rheological behavior. We also showed that even if the supramolecular bond is highly stable it is still possible to cleave the complex of the supramolecular crosslinker by modifying the pH or the iron oxidation state. We extensively studied the stimuli-responsiveness of the supramolecular gel and improved our knowledge of the supramolecular crosslinker cleavage mechanisms. A smart choice of the stimulus leads to the formation of a polymer solution by total cleavage allowing a posteriori study of the gel structure prior to breaking. The partial cleavage of the supramolecular gel widens the range of its mechanical properties. Eventually, the mix of the two types of crosslinking junctions into a single hydrogel provides interesting perspectives since it combines the stimuli-responsiveness of the supramolecular crosslinker to the gel structure preservation thanks to the chemical network
Vialar, Pierre. "Propriétés mécaniques et nanotribologiques de monocouches auto-assemblées de microgels de poly(NIPAM) cationique en milieux aqueux". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0225/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this project is to advance the knowledge and understanding of lubricating systems, whether synthetic or biological, in aqueous media. For this purpose, we develop self-assem-bled monolayer 2D-arrays of cationic pNIPAM thermosensitive microgels in order to study their mechanical and nanotribological properties. We establish several synthetic routes to modulate the microgel rigidity and study its effect on the tribological behaviour. We also look at the effect of the grafting nature of microgels on the substrate, by developing an innovative chemical coupling method, to compare the properties of physisorbed and chemisorbed mon-olayers. We probe the mechanical properties of the microgel layers in aqueous environment while varying the temperature, the nature of the grafting and the salts added to the system, primarily by using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The core of our study is performed using a modified Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) which allows for tribological measurements, the results of which will be treated in two parts. First, we char-acterise the normal surface forces when compressing two surfaces decorated with the micro-gel layers. Second, we study the behaviour of these surfaces under compression and shear. We explore their lubricant properties and observe the appearance of a shear-induced velocity-dependent lift force, whose origin we seek to determine. We thus discovered a mechanism specific to a compliant substrate, decorated with discrete particles presenting a repulsive con-tact without friction at long range
Brun, Julie. "Remodelling biomimetic collagen hydrogels by chemical and mechanical conditioning". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS111.pdf.
Texto completoThe excellent thermal and mechanical stability of biological tissues are known to originate from the efficient multiscale fibrillar assembly of collagen. Yet, this complex structure is not fully understood and challenging to mimic in vitro. Collagen hydrogels are usually very low concentrated or reinforced either with others polymers or by rough chemical cross-linking. Despite being fibrillar, most gels do not exhibit a dense biomimetic network resulting in soft or brittle responses. Besides, it is hard to rationalize the fibrillar behaviour due to the variability of the in vitro processes and the low amount of samples. Thus, this work aims to provide a comprehensive study of biomimetic hydrogels of pure collagen type I (> 95 wt% water) at a reference state. A set of microscopic and uniaxial testing techniques were developed to describe the relationship between structure and equilibrium mechanical properties in water. Various chemical and mechanical conditioning methods were used to capture the dynamics and remodelling of the network. The effects of pH and ionic strength were addressed independently and discussed with the polyampholytic nature of collagen. While the effect of pH is not very pronounced in the usual ranges around pH= 7, the addition of salts has a very strong impact, even at low concentration (< 50 mM). The ionic strength greatly affects the fibrillar structure leading to a decrease in stability. Gel properties were also tuned by mechanical training relying on the high viscoelasticity of the collagen network. The micromechanisms of deformation were studied by SAXS to assess the fibrillar reorientation. This was also evaluated in thinner collagen filaments where strong alignment is expected: highly anisotropic structures were created reaching several MPa modulus. Thus, collagen fibrillar networks, without any covalent chemistry, definitely constitute an efficient and versatile matrix for biomedical applications
Figueiredo, Tamiris Vilas Boas. "Hydrogels injectables et auto-réparants à base de polysaccharides réticulés par des liaisons ester boronate : relations entre le mode de complexation acide boronique-saccharide et les propriétés mécaniques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV048.
Texto completoInjectable and self-healing hydrogels have recently drawn great attention in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Such gels can be pre-formed into syringes, be extruded under shear stress and show rapid recovery when the applied stress is removed due to the dynamic nature of their crosslinks. Given the exciting potential benefit of using boronic acid-containing polymers to construct dynamic covalent hydrogels, we explored this attractive strategy to design injectable boronate-crosslinked hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid (HA) for aesthetic and other biomedical applications. To design hydrogels with optimized properties, we investigated the effect of the nature of the boronic acid moiety as well as the sugar molecule grafted onto the HA backbone on the gel properties. Among arylboronic acid derivatives, benzoboroxole (BOR) was selected in addition to phenylboronic acid (PBA) as the binding site for sugar moieties grafted on HA. This choice was based on the efficient binding capability of BOR at neutral pH compared to PBA, and on its ability to complex glycopyranosides. With this study, we demonstrated that the dynamic rheological properties of the HA networks based on BOR- or PBA-saccharide complexation are closely linked to the molecular exchange dynamics and thermodynamics of the small molecule crosslinkers. Besides, we also established for the first time the feasibility of self-crosslinking HA hydrogels with extremely slow dynamics at physiological pH through multivalent interactions between BOR derivatives grafted on HA and diols from the polysaccharide chains. Finally, in addition to BOR, we demonstrated the unprecedented capacity of its six-membered ring homologue, benzoxaborin, and a new original benzoxaborin-like derivative as new carbohydrate binding sites for the formation of reversible HA networks. Taking into account the injectable, self-healing and stimuli-responsive properties showed by these new HA hydrogels, these biomaterials appear as promising injectable scaffolds for many innovative applications in the biomedical field, including in tissue engineering and cell therapy
Sereni, Nicolas. "Hydrogels physiques tubulaires pour la spermatogenèse ex vivo". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1307.
Texto completoDuring the past 30 years, huge progress has been performed in the field of oncology. In particular, pediatric cancers have been the beneficiaries and can now achieve cure rates of 75-80% in developed countries. However, cancer therapies are known for their gametotoxic effects and only 33% of male children who have survived cancer during childhood produce sperm of normality quality when they are adults. Currently, the only feasible conservation protocol for these boys is to make a collection and cryopreservation of their testicular tissue. There is thus a need to provide a process enabling to produce spermatozoa starting from testicular tissue in order to restore fertility. For several decades, reproductive biologists have been trying to develop a technology to achieve spermatogenesis in vitro in mammals. Despite sustained investment in research, no method has now reproduced in vitro this entire process in humans. In this work, Kallistem (Biotech Company) has developed, in collaboration with academic laboratories including “Polymer Materials Engineering” laboratory (project ARTIS financed by the Cancéropôle Lyon Auvergne Rhône-Alpes) a 3D culture system made of chitosan hydrogel enabling to make a complete spermatogenesis in vitro in several mammals including human. The 3D culture system is a tube of chitosan physical hydrogel obtained from neutralization of aqueous chitosan solution, without any external cross-linking agent. Advantageously, the testicular tissue is confined in the lumen of tube which enables to reproduce in vivo 3-dimensional architecture. The impact of several material and processing parameters on microstructure, mechanical and diffusion properties of resulting hydrogels was evaluated, in order to optimize the culturing and maturation ability of 3D culture system
Ben, Messaoud Ghazi. "Structuration et contrôle de l’architecture de capsules à coeur liquide à base d’hydrogel d’alginate par association de biopolymères". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0327/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to study the physicochemical properties of alginate liquid-core capsules and to control their permeability and mechanical properties by biopolymers blending. These millimeter-scale size capsules are prepared by a reverse spherification process by dripping a solution of calcium chloride into an alginate gelling bath. In a first work, the influence of polymers used to control capsule liquid-core viscosity (thickening agent) during capsules preparation on permeability and mechanical stability of the alginate membrane was investigated. The mechanical properties of capsules were correlated with viscoelastic properties of plane alginate hydrogels characterized by small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology. In a second work, composite capsules with a membrane of sodium caseinate / alginate were developed and showed improved stability and pH-dependent release of a dye used as a model molecule. As a perspective, composite alginate/sodium caseinate microspheres with different architectures were developed and their effectiveness was tested against three anionic dyes. This type of system has applications in the removal of dyes from industrial wastewater by an adsorption mechanism. Finally, the influence of shellac incorporation in alginate membrane or as an external coating layer resulted in enhanced physicochemical properties and decreased membrane permeability against low molecular weight molecules (riboflavin in this case). Alginate capsules have a wide range of applications ranging from molecular gastronomy to biotechnology which requires a better understanding and control of their physicochemical properties according to the target application
Desorme, Mylène. "Filage du chitosane pour l’élaboration de textiles biomédicaux innovants". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10112.
Texto completoThis work deals with the development of new chitosan fiber spinning processes and the study of morphological, mechanical and biological properties of obtained fibers, in the perspective of their use as yarns or textiles in biomedical applications (in particular, the design of abdominal reinforcement meshes for visceral surgery and wound dressings for the treatment of chronic wounds). The monofilaments were elaborated from hydroalcoholic chitosan solutions. The two processes that we described are based on the physical gelation of the polymer without using any external crosslinking agent. The systematic study of physico-chemical parameters occurring during the fiber formation allowed to determine the key parameters controlling the crystalline morphology of fibers, especially the anhydrous and hydrated crystalline fractions. The mechanical properties of chitosan fibers are stable at least up to 6 months of storage at ambient atmosphere, and were optimized by acting on processing parameters (filament stretching at different steps of its elaboration) and physico-chemical parameters (chitosan concentration in the dope, molecular weight of the polymer and composition of the hydroalcoholic solvent). The observation of the fiber morphology at different length scales by X-ray diffusion/diffraction and electronic microscopy in relation to their mechanical properties allowed us to comprehend the microstructural evolution during fiber stretching, including the mechanism of fibril formation and the key length scales to understand the behaviour at break of fibers (100-300 nm aggregate morphology). Finally, a subcutaneous implantation of chitosan fibers with different crystalline morphologies (anhydrous and hydrated) validated the potential of these fibers in their biological applications with an excellent tolerance of implanted biomaterials (very low inflammatory and tissue reactions) and a low biodegradability after 90 days of implantation