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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Hydridic earth"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 26 de julio de 2024

Última modificación: 27 de julio de 2024

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1

Pospeev, А. V. "EARTH AS PRIMORDIALLY HYDROGEN-RICH PLANET: HYPOTHESIS AND REALITY". Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 12, n.º 3 (17 de septiembre de 2021): 645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5800/gt-2021-12-3-0543.

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The article is focused on the role of natural hydrogen in the Earth geodynamics and energy potential. With a proper consideration of the physical parameters of the Earth’s core and mantle, we discuss the aspects of the Hydridic Earth (or Primordially Hydrogen-Rich Planet) theory, which is currently used as a fundamental hypothesis in modern projects aimed at hydrogen energetics.A probability of finding natural hydrogen deposits in sedimentary traps is estimated. It is shown that the volume of deep degassing of hydrogen can be calculated from various cosmological, petrophysical and geochemical data, and an average volume is two orders of magnitude less than the amount predicted by the Hydridic Earth hypothesis. This hypothesis gives grounds to conclude that the major part of Earth’s mantle is a metal sphere; however, this conclusion is not supported by the geological and geophysical data.

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2

Bezrukov, L. y V. Sinev. "Geoneutrinos and Hydridic Earth (or primordially hydrogen-rich planet)". Physics of Particles and Nuclei 46, n.º 2 (marzo de 2015): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063779615020057.

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3

Rong, Weifeng, Dongliang He, Meiyan Wang, Zehuai Mou, Jianhua Cheng, Changguang Yao, Shihui Li, Alexander A. Trifonov, Dmitrii M. Lyubov y Dongmei Cui. "Neutral binuclear rare-earth metal complexes with four μ2-bridging hydrides". Chemical Communications 51, n.º 24 (2015): 5063–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc07262f.

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The first neutral dimeric rare-earth metal hydride complexes containing quadruply bridged hydrido ligands were prepared, in which the intramolecular activation triggered by a THF molecule has been observed.

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4

Puszkiel, Julián, Aurelien Gasnier, Guillermina Amica y Fabiana Gennari. "Tuning LiBH4 for Hydrogen Storage: Destabilization, Additive, and Nanoconfinement Approaches". Molecules 25, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010163.

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Hydrogen technology has become essential to fulfill our mobile and stationary energy needs in a global low–carbon energy system. The non-renewability of fossil fuels and the increasing environmental problems caused by our fossil fuel–running economy have led to our efforts towards the application of hydrogen as an energy vector. However, the development of volumetric and gravimetric efficient hydrogen storage media is still to be addressed. LiBH4 is one of the most interesting media to store hydrogen as a compound due to its large gravimetric (18.5 wt.%) and volumetric (121 kgH2/m3) hydrogen densities. In this review, we focus on some of the main explored approaches to tune the thermodynamics and kinetics of LiBH4: (I) LiBH4 + MgH2 destabilized system, (II) metal and metal hydride added LiBH4, (III) destabilization of LiBH4 by rare-earth metal hydrides, and (IV) the nanoconfinement of LiBH4 and destabilized LiBH4 hydride systems. Thorough discussions about the reaction pathways, destabilizing and catalytic effects of metals and metal hydrides, novel synthesis processes of rare earth destabilizing agents, and all the essential aspects of nanoconfinement are led.

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5

Werwein, Anton, Christopher Benndorf, Marko Bertmer, Alexandra Franz, Oliver Oeckler y Holger Kohlmann. "Hydrogenation Properties of LnAl2 (Ln = La, Eu, Yb), LaGa2, LaSi2 and the Crystal Structure of LaGa2H0.71(2)". Crystals 9, n.º 4 (3 de abril de 2019): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9040193.

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Many Zintl phases take up hydrogen and form hydrides. Hydrogen atoms occupy interstitial sites formed by alkali or alkaline earth metals and / or bind covalently to the polyanions. The latter is the case for polyanionic hydrides like SrTr2H2 (Tr = Al, Ga) with slightly puckered honeycomb-like polyanions decorated with hydrogen atoms. This study addresses the hydrogenation behavior of LnTr2, where the lanthanide metals Ln introduce one additional valence electron. Hydrogenation reactions were performed in autoclaves and followed by thermal analysis up to 5.0 MPa hydrogen gas pressure. Products were analyzed by powder X-ray and neutron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Phases LnAl2 (Ln = La, Eu, Yb) decompose into binary hydrides and aluminium-rich intermetallics upon hydrogenation, while LaGa2 forms a ternary hydride LaGa2H0.71(2). Hydrogen atoms are statistically distributed over two kinds of trigonal-bipyramidal La3Ga2 interstitials with 67% and 4% occupancy, respectively. Ga-H distances (2.4992(2) Å) are considerably longer than in polyanionic hydrides and not indicative of covalent bonding. 2H solid-state NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations on Density Functional Theory (DFT) level confirm that LaGa2H0.7 is a typical interstitial metallic hydride.

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6

Song, Hao, Zihan Zhang, Tian Cui, Chris J. Pickard, Vladimir Z. Kresin y Defang Duan. "High T _c Superconductivity in Heavy Rare Earth Hydrides". Chinese Physics Letters 38, n.º 10 (1 de octubre de 2021): 107401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/38/10/107401.

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Sulfur and lanthanum hydrides under compression display superconducting states with high observed critical temperatures. It has been recently demonstrated that carbonaceous sulfur hydride displays room temperature superconductivity. However, this phenomenon has been observed only at very high pressure. Here, we theoretically search for superconductors with very high critical temperatures, but at much lower pressures. We describe two of such sodalite-type clathrate hydrides, YbH6 and LuH6. These hydrides are metastable and are predicted to superconduct with T c ∼ 145 K at 70 GPa and T c ∼ 273 K at 100 GPa, respectively. This striking result is a consequence of the strong interrelationship between the f states present at the Fermi level, structural stability, and the final T c value. For example, TmH6, with unfilled 4f orbitals, is stable at 50 GPa, but has a relatively low value of T c of 25 K. The YbH6 and LuH6 compounds, with their filled f-shells, exhibit prominent phonon “softening”, which leads to a strong electron-phonon coupling, and as a result, an increase in T c.

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7

Vidavskiy, Vitaly, Reza Rezaee, Nikolay Larin, Rance Dorrington, Martin Spivey y Vladimir Vidavskiy. "Natural Hydrogen in the Northern Perth Basin, WA Australia: Geospatial Analysis and Detection in Soil Gas for Early Exploration". Journal of Energy and Natural Resources 13, n.º 2 (25 de junio de 2024): 90–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.jenr.20241302.15.

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The scope of this work is to empirically check and prove the practical applicability of the Primordially Hydridic Earth (PHE) concept for early exploration of the resources of naturally occurring hydrogen. With the PHE concept postulates interpreted within the local geological, tectonic, petrological and geophysical context, the reconnaissance plan, as well as the field exploration and data acquisition programs, were put together and implemented in the field. The results obtained from the surface (<1m deep) soil gas survey performed in Western Australia (WA) resulted in values of hundreds of ppm H<sub>2</sub>, including three samples with a concentration of hydrogen exceeding the gas sensor detection limit of 2,000 parts per million (ppm) (the all-Australia record). Similarly, several of the shallow soil samples used for obtaining headspace gas extracts yielded dozens % H<sub>2</sub>, which was established utilizing Gas Chromatography (GC) technology. The latter tests established the all-Australia record of 58.3% (norm.) H<sub>2</sub> concentration from 15 m depth, being the highest reading from the area of research. At one location, a concentration of He exceeding 8,000ppm was detected in a 1m surface soil gas sample analyzed by the independent lab. The most important outcome was finding natural hydrogen where it was expected and predicted. On the other hand, H<sub>2</sub> concentrations exceeding the natural background of 1-3ppm were not detected in the soil gas readings outside of the areas identified using the PHE concept as a theoretical foundation. It may be stated that overall, the practical application of the PHE concept along with the thoroughly planned utilization of carefully selected exploration techniques brings satisfactory results.

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8

Reckeweg, Olaf, Jay C. Molstad, Scott Levy y Francis J. DiSalvo. "Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the New Ternary Barium Halide Hydrides Ba2H3X (X = Cl or Br)". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 62, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2007): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2007-0104.

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Single crystals of the isotypic hydrides Ba2H3X (X = Cl or Br) were obtained by solid-state reactions of Ba, NaCl, NaNH2 and metallic Na, or Ba, NH4Br and Na, respectively, in sealed, silicajacketed stainless-steel ampoules. The crystal structures of the new compounds were determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction. Ba2H3Cl and Ba2H3Br crystallize in a stuffed anti CdI2 structure and adopt the space group P3̄m1 (No. 164) with the lattice parameters a = 443.00(6), c = 723.00(14) pm and a = 444.92(4), c = 754.48(14) pm, respectively. The hydride positions are derived by crystallographic reasoning and with the help of EUTAX calculations. The results are compared with known data for binary and ternary alkaline earth metal hydrides.

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9

Goto, Yasuyuki, Hirofumi Kakuta, Atsunori Kamegawa, Hitoshi Takamura y Masuo Okada. "Synthesis and Crystal Structure of New Hydrides in Mg-RE Systems under High-Pressure (RE = La, Ce, Pr)". Materials Science Forum 475-479 (enero de 2005): 2521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2521.

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The high-pressure synthesis of new hydrides of Mg-RE-H systems, where RE = La, Ce and Pr, were conducted by using a cubic-anvil-type apparatus, and their crystal structure, thermal stabilities and hydrogen contents were investigated. In MgH2-xmol%REH (REH = LaH3, CeH2.5 and PrH3), new hydrides with primitive tetragonal structure were synthesized around x = 25 - 33 under GPa-order high pressures. The lattice constants were a = 0.8193 nm, c = 0.5028 nm, a = 0.8118 nm, c = 0.4979 nm and a = 0.8058 nm, c= 0.4970 nm at x = 25 in Mg-La, Ce and Pr systems, respectively. The hydrogen contents of the novel compounds were 4.1 mass%, 3.7 mass% and 3.9 mass% in Mg-La, Ce and Pr systems, respectively, and the chemical formulas were found to correspond to Mg3LaH9, Mg3CeH8.1 and Mg3PrH9. The new hydrides decomposed into Mg and rare-earth hydride at about 600 K (Mg3LaH9: 614 K, Mg3CeH8.1: 609 K, Mg3PrH9: 630 K) with an endothermic reaction.

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10

Gebreyohannes, Muez Gebregiorgis, Chernet Amente Geffe y Pooran Singh. "Computational study of pressurized tetragonal magnesium hydride (MgH4) as a potential candidate for high-temperature superconducting material". Materials Research Express 9, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2022): 036001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac5e22.

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Abstract The dream of realizing room temperature superconductivity is one of the most challenging problems in condensed matter physics. Currently, materials with dense hydrogen contents at high pressures hold great promise for realizing room temperature superconductivity. In particular, pressurized alkaline earth metal hydrides received particular attention following the recently predicted sodalite-like calcium hydride (CaH6) with predicted Tc about 261 K above a pressure of 150 GPa; and magnesium hydride (MgH6) with predicted Tc about 270 K above 300 GPa. In this paper, we studied magnesium hydride (MgH4) with tetragonal (I4/mmm) type symmetry, and we found that this structure shows the highest T c ≅ 313 K at a pressure of 280 GPa which is higher than that of MgH6. Using density-functional perturbation theory (DFPT), the superconducting transition temperature, electron-phonon coupling, Eliashberg spectral function, and the logarithmic average frequency were computed. Our results reveal that, the computed values are reasonably in agreement with previous estimates.

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11

Rowberg, Andrew J. E., Leigh Weston y Chris G. Van de Walle. "Ion-Transport Engineering of Alkaline-Earth Hydrides for Hydride Electrolyte Applications". Chemistry of Materials 30, n.º 17 (13 de agosto de 2018): 5878–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b01593.

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12

Milanese, Chiara, Sebastiano Garroni, Fabiana Gennari, Amedeo Marini, Thomas Klassen, Martin Dornheim y Claudio Pistidda. "Solid State Hydrogen Storage in Alanates and Alanate-Based Compounds: A Review". Metals 8, n.º 8 (24 de julio de 2018): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080567.

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The safest way to store hydrogen is in solid form, physically entrapped in molecular form in highly porous materials, or chemically bound in atomic form in hydrides. Among the different families of these compounds, alkaline and alkaline earth metals alumino-hydrides (alanates) have been regarded as promising storing media and have been extensively studied since 1997, when Bogdanovic and Schwickardi reported that Ti-doped sodium alanate could be reversibly dehydrogenated under moderate conditions. In this review, the preparative methods; the crystal structure; the physico-chemical and hydrogen absorption-desorption properties of the alanates of Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Y, Eu, and Sr; and of some of the most interesting multi-cation alanates will be summarized and discussed. The most promising alanate-based reactive hydride composite (RHC) systems developed in the last few years will also be described and commented on concerning their hydrogen absorption and desorption performance.

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13

Serovaiskii, A. Yu, A. Yu Kolesnikov y V. G. Kutcherov. "Formation of iron hydride and iron carbide from hydrocarbon systems at ultra high thermobaric conditions". Геохимия 64, n.º 9 (20 de septiembre de 2019): 995–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0016-7525649995-1002.

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The chemical interaction of hydrocarbon systems and iron-bearing minerals was investigated under extreme thermobaric conditions, corresponding to the Earth upper mantle. As a result of the reaction, the formation of iron carbide and iron hydride was detected. The experiments were carried out in diamond anvils cells with laser heating. Natural petroleum from the Korchaginskoe deposit and a synthetic mixture of paraffin hydrocarbons were used as hydrocarbon systems, and pyroxene-like glass and ferropericlase (57Fe enriched) as iron bearing minerals. The experiments were carried out in the pressure range of 26–95 kbar and temperature range of 1000–1500°C (±100°C). As a result of the experiments, the formation of iron hydride was detected at pressure of 26–69 kbar (corresponds to a depth of 100–200 km), and a mixture of iron carbide and iron hydride at pressure of 75–95 kbar (corresponds to a depth of 210–290 km). The formation of hydrides and iron carbides as a results of the interaction of hydrocarbon systems with iron-bearing minerals may indicate the possible existence of these compounds in the upper mantle.

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14

Mirsaidov, U. M., M. Yu Akramov, I. U. Mirsaidov y O. A. Azizov. "Modeling of Synthesis of Aluminum Hydride via Binary Hydrides of Alkaline Earth Metals". Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling 7 (10 de mayo de 2018): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2018.07.02.

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15

Chernyi, S. A. "Secondary Resources of Rare Еarth Мetals". Ecology and Industry of Russia 24, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2020-9-44-50.

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The article provides an overview of the main existing methods for recycling rare earth metals from various types of waste. It was noted that the demand for rare-earth metals is increasing annually due to the growth of advanced technologies, mainly in the sectors of electronics, power engineering and photonics. It has been established that in countries producing final products of high processing, the chemical-technological processes of processing goods that have worked out their life cycle, and, first of all, fluorescent lamps, NdFeB magnets from electronic devices, and nickel-metal hydride (NiMeH) batteries containing rare earths are most quickly created. The most profitable and recycling option is the reuse of products containing rare-earth metals, however, such technologies are applicable for a narrow range of waste. Another important area of REM recycling is the processing of industrial waste. For countries with developed mining and chemical industries, mining processing technologies are attractive. It is shown that for Russia, more appropriate are schemes for the disposal of industrial waste, primarily waste from the production of apatite concentrate. The main problems of the development of REM recycling are identified: low content and dispersion of rare earths in waste; the presence of impurities that impede the extraction of valuable components and the toxicity of the used recycling schemes.

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16

IVANOVIĆ, NENAD, NIKOLA NOVAKOVIĆ, DANIELE COLOGNESI, IVANA RADISAVLJEVIĆ y STANKO OSTOJIĆ. "ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES OF SOME TRENDS IN PROPERTIES OF METALLIC HYDRIDES". International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, n.º 06n07 (20 de marzo de 2010): 703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210064320.

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Due to their extensive present, important and versatile potential applications, metal hydrides (MH) are among the most investigated solid-state systems. Theoretical, numerical and experimental studies have provided a considerable knowledge about their structure and properties, but in spite of that, the basic electronic principles of various interactions present in MH have not yet been completely resolved. Even in the simplest MH, i.e. alkali hydrides (Alk-H), some trends in physical properties, and especially their deviations, are not well understood. Similar doubts exist for the alkaline-earth hydride (AlkE-H) series, and are even more pronounced for complex systems, like transition metal-doped AlkE-H, alanates and borohydrides. This work is an attempt of explaining some trends in the physical properties of Alk-H and AlkE-H, employing the Bader analysis of the charge distribution topology evaluated by first-principle all-electron calculations. These results are related to some variables commonly used in the explanation of experimental and calculated results, and are also accompanied by simple tight-binding estimations. Such an approach provides a valuable insight in the characteristics of M-H and H-H interactions in these hydrides, and their possible changes along with external parameters, like temperature, pressure, defect or impurity introduction. The knowledge of these basic interactions and processes taking place in simple MH are essential for the design and optimisation of complex MH-systems interesting for practical hydrogen storage applications.

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17

Okuda, Jun. "Cationic rare-earth metal hydrides". Coordination Chemistry Reviews 340 (junio de 2017): 2–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2016.09.009.

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18

Bezrukov, L. B., A. S. Kurlovich, B. K. Lubsandorzhiev, V. V. Sinev, V. P. Zavarzina y V. P. Morgalyuk. "Geo-neutrino, Earth heat flux, Earth electricity". EPJ Web of Conferences 191 (2018): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819103005.

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We discussed the idea of big value of potassium abundance in the Earth. We showed that Borexino single event spectrum permit the potassium abundance up to 2% instead of the CNO neutrino flux contribution. Works [5], [6] introduce the idea that fast α particles are appeared in nuclear processes in solar core plasma. The reactions of these α particles with CNO nuclei can suppress the CNO neutrino flux. We demonstrated the connection between the existence of Earth’s electric field and the big value of 40K geo-neutrino flux because the both phenomena are the sequences from Hydride Earth model.

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19

Zapp, Nicolas, Denis Sheptyakov y Holger Kohlmann. "Computational Chemistry-Guided Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Heavier Lanthanide Hydride Oxides DyHO, ErHO, and LuHO". Crystals 11, n.º 7 (26 de junio de 2021): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070750.

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Heteroanionic hydrides offer great possibilities in the design of functional materials. For ternary rare earth hydride oxide REHO, several modifications were reported with indications for a significant phase width with respect to H and O of the cubic representatives. We obtained DyHO and ErHO as well as the thus far elusive LuHO from solid-state reactions of RE2O3 and REH3 or LuH3 with CaO and investigated their crystal structures by neutron and X-ray powder diffraction. While DyHO, ErHO, and LuHO adopted the cubic anion-ordered half-Heusler LiAlSi structure type (F4¯3m, a(DyHO) = 5.30945(10) Å, a(ErHO) = 5.24615(7) Å, a(LuHO) = 5.171591(13) Å), LuHO additionally formed the orthorhombic anti-LiMgN structure type (Pnma; LuHO: a = 7.3493(7) Å, b = 3.6747(4) Å, c = 5.1985(3) Å; LuDO: a = 7.3116(16) Å, b = 3.6492(8) Å, c = 5.2021(7) Å). A comparison of the cubic compounds’ lattice parameters enabled a significant distinction between REHO and REH1+2xO1−x (x < 0 or x > 0). Furthermore, a computational chemistry study revealed the formation of REHO compounds of the smallest rare earth elements to be disfavored in comparison to the sesquioxides, which is why they may only be obtained by mild synthesis conditions.

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20

Dobrileit, R. y H. Züchner. "SIMS Investigations on the SmCo5Dnand LaNi5HnSystems". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 50, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 1995): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1995-0604.

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Abstract Characteristic secondary ion emission patterns of several metal-hydrogen systems have been measured by SIMS to get information about the metal-hydrogen bonding and the structure of these systems. Results on SmCo5Dn and LaNi5Hn, and on H-D-loaded samples of the pure components are presented. The emission patterns of the secondary ions show a stronger bonding of hydrogen to Co and Ni than to Sm and La, although these transition metals, contrary to Sm or La, do not form stable hydrides under normal conditions. In these AB5-compounds the transition metal seems to be transformed to a "hydride forming material" due to the presence of the rare earth element. The secondary ion emission patterns of the hydrogen loaded intermetallics are explained and compared to those of the hydrogen loaded pure components.The similarity in the secondary ion emission patterns of the SmCo5Dn and LaNi5Hn systems points to a general characteristic of AB5Hn materials.

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21

Garcia, Lucia, Mary F. Mahon y Michael S. Hill. "Multimetallic Alkaline-Earth Hydride Cations". Organometallics 38, n.º 19 (9 de septiembre de 2019): 3778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00493.

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22

Folchnandt, Matthias, Daniel Rudolph, Jean-Louis Hoslauer y Thomas Schleid. "The rare earth metal hydride tellurides REHTe (RE=Y, La–Nd, Gd–Er)". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 74, n.º 6 (26 de junio de 2019): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2019-0060.

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AbstractThe synthesis and crystal structure of a series of rare earth metal hydride tellurides with the composition REHTe (RE = Y, La–Nd, Gd–Er) is reported. These compounds have been obtained by the reaction of rare earth metal dihydrides (REH2) with elemental tellurium in sealed tantalum capsules at T = 700°C using cesium chloride (CsCl) as fluxing agent, which can be washed away with water due to the astonishing insensitivity of these hydride tellurides (REHTe) against hydrolysis. All of the compounds crystallize in the hexagonal space group P6̅m2 with a filled WC-type crystal structure, exhibiting a mutual trigonal-prismatic coordination of the heavy ions (RE3+ and Te2−), while the hydride anions reside in the trigonal prismatic voids surrounded by three rare earth metal cations expanding their coordination pattern to a tricapped trigonal prism. This 1H-type crystal structure is compared with the 1H- and 2H-type structures of the respective hydride selenides (REHSe, RE = Y, La–Nd, Gd–Tm, Lu). Both hexagonal basic crystal structures can be derived from the AlB2-type structure as demonstrated in a Bärnighausen tree by group-subgroup relationships.

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23

Wang, Chunhong, Li Xiang, Xuebing Leng y Yaofeng Chen. "Rare-earth metal hydrides supported by silicon-bridged boratabenzene fluorenyl ligands: synthesis, structure and reactivity". Dalton Transactions 46, n.º 4 (2017): 1218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6dt04441g.

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24

Staliński, B. "Structural Features of Rare Earth Hydrides*". Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 145, n.º 1_2 (enero de 1985): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1985.145.1_2.001.

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25

Nafezarefi, F., H. Schreuders, B. Dam y S. Cornelius. "Photochromism of rare-earth metal-oxy-hydrides". Applied Physics Letters 111, n.º 10 (4 de septiembre de 2017): 103903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4995081.

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26

Kaldis, E., M. Tellefsen y R. Bischof. "Phase diagrams of some rare earth hydrides". Journal of the Less Common Metals 130 (marzo de 1987): 542–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(87)90158-5.

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27

BRESE, N. E. "ChemInform Abstract: Alkaline Earth Nitrides and Hydrides". ChemInform 23, n.º 3 (22 de agosto de 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199203280.

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28

Kunkel, Nathalie y Thomas Wylezich. "Recent Advances in Rare Earth-Doped Hydrides". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 645, n.º 3 (8 de noviembre de 2018): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.201800408.

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29

KOON, D. W., D. E. AZOFEIFA y N. CLARK. "THE HALL EFFECT IN HYDRIDED RARE EARTH FILMS: REMOVING BILAYER EFFECTS". Surface Review and Letters 09, n.º 05n06 (octubre de 2002): 1721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x02004281.

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We describe two new techniques for measuring the Hall effect in capped rare earth films during hydriding. In one, we simultaneously measure resistivity and the Hall coefficient for a rare earth film covered with four different thicknesses of Pd, recovering the charge transport quantities for both materials. In the second technique, we replace Pd with Mn as the covering layer. We will present results from both techniques.

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30

Chitimbo, Taini, Feras Abdulsamad, Noémie Prime, André Revil y Olivier Plé. "Impact of Moisture Content on the Elasto-Viscoplastic Behaviour of Rammed Earth Wall: New Findings". Construction Materials 3, n.º 1 (20 de diciembre de 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/constrmater3010001.

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The influence of hydric state on the elasto-viscoplastic behaviour of a unstabilised rammed earth (URE) wall has yet to be studied in the literature. This paper presents an experimental campaign on a rammed earth wall. The aim is to evaluate the link between the mechanical properties (including viscosity) and the varying hydric state inside the drying wall after manufacture. Cyclic axial compression and stress relaxation tests were carried out for this purpose. A compression test was conducted up to 0.1 MPa, followed by a stress relaxation test. These tests were periodically performed over 32 weeks. In addition, the hydric state inside the wall was monitored by humidity sensors. The results show that both the elastic modulus and the dynamic viscosity coefficient increase as the structure dries. A dependence of the mechanical behaviour on time is therefore found in these samples in the transient state. This can occur when the sample is in the drying or wetting phase. As rammed earth is a material particularly sensitive to water, this result is crucial for the durability of earthen constructions.

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31

Pavlyuk, Volodymyr, Damian Kulawik, Wojciech Ciesielski, Nazar Pavlyuk y Grygoriy Dmytriv. "New quaternary carbide Mg1.52Li0.24Al0.24C0.86as a disorder derivative of the family of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures and the effect of structure modification on the electrochemical behaviour of the electrode". Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 74, n.º 3 (28 de febrero de 2018): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229618002851.

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Magnesium alloys are the basis for the creation of light and ultra-light alloys. They have attracted attention as potential materials for the accumulation and storage of hydrogen, as well as electrode materials in metal-hydride and magnesium-ion batteries. The search for new metal hydrides has involved magnesium alloys with rare-earth transition metals and doped byp- ors-elements. The synthesis and characterization of a new quaternary carbide, namely dimagnesium lithium aluminium carbide, Mg1.52Li0.24Al0.24C0.86, belonging to the family of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structures, are reported. The title compound crystallizes with hexagonal symmetry (space groupP\overline{6}m2), where two sites with \overline{6}m2 symmetry and one site with 3m. symmetry are occupied by an Mg/Li statistical mixture (in Wyckoff position 1a), an Mg/Al statistical mixture (in position 1d) and C atoms (2i). The cuboctahedral coordination is typical for Mg/Li and Mg/Al, and the C atom is enclosed in an octahedron. Electronic structure calculations were used for elucidation of the ability of lithium or aluminium to substitute magnesium, and evaluation of the nature of the bonding between atoms. The presence of carbon in the carbide phase improves the corrosion resistance of the Mg1.52Li0.24Al0.24C0.86alloy compared to the ternary Mg1.52Li0.24Al0.24alloy and Mg.

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32

Okuda, Jun, Stefan Arndt, Klaus Beckerle, Kai C. Hultzsch, Peter Voth y Thomas P. Spaniol. "Rare earth metal-based catalysts for the polymerization of nonpolar and polar monomers". Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 2001): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173020351.

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The synthesis of rare earth metal half-sandwich hydrido complexes [Ln (h5:h1-C5Me 4SiMe2NCMe3) (THF) (µ-H) ] 2 (Ln = Y, Lu) through s-bond metathesis of the easily accessible alkyl complexes [Ln (h5:h1-C5Me 4SiMe2NCMe3) (CH2 SiMe3) (THF) ] was developed. The dimeric yttrium hydrido complexes are highly fluxional, and a monomer-dimer equilibrium is present. They were tested as single-site, single-component catalysts for the polymerization of ethylene and styrene, as well as alkyl acrylate and acrylonitrile. The hydrido complexes polymerize ethylene slowly and form isolable mono (insertion) products with styrene. The yttrium n-alkyl complexes [Y (h5:h1-C5Me 4SiMe2NCMe3) (R) (THF) ] [R = (CH2) nCH3, n = 3-9], prepared by the mono (insertion) of a-olefins, initiate polymerization in a relatively controlled manner. Thus, styrene was polymerized by the n-alkyl complex to give atactic polystyrenes with somewhat enriched syndiotacticities.

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33

Suski, Wojciech. "Cooperation between K.P. Belov Group and Wrocław Scientific Center". Solid State Phenomena 190 (junio de 2012): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.190.229.

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Review of common magnetic and related investigations on the uranium semimetallics and the rare earth intermetallics and their hydrides carried out by K.P. Belov, his students and coworkers as well as by the scientists from Wroc³aw (W. Trzebiatowski's students) is presented.

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34

Yang, Wen-Hua, Wen-Cai Lu, Shan-Dong Li, Xu-Yan Xue, Wei Qin, K. M. Ho y C. Z. Wang. "Superconductivity in alkaline earth metal doped boron hydrides". Physica B: Condensed Matter 611 (junio de 2021): 412795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2020.412795.

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35

Shi, Xianghui, Zhizhou Liu y Jianhua Cheng. "Research Progress of Molecular Alkaline-Earth Metal Hydrides". Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry 39, n.º 6 (2019): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.6023/cjoc201903043.

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36

Shen, Haoyu. "The investigation on exploring rare earth hydrides superconductors". Theoretical and Natural Science 9, n.º 1 (13 de noviembre de 2023): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/9/20240775.

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This review provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and potential solutions in the quest for high-temperature superconductivity using hydrogen-rich materials. Traditional superconductors often face limitations in terms of critical transition temperatures (Tc) and stability under high pressures. However, hydrogen-rich compounds offer promising avenues due to their strong electron-phonon coupling, elevated Debye temperatures, and high electronic density. Recent discoveries, such as H3S, have further invigorated the field. While an excess of H2-like units can adversely affect Tc, clathrate structures like CaH6 and YH6 present viable alternatives by fostering high symmetry. Rare earth hydrides, notable for their electron-donating capabilities, have undergone extensive testing. Isotope effect studies, as exemplified by LaH10 and LaD10, highlight the critical role of hydrogen vibrations in superconductivity. Ternary superhydrides incorporating dopant elements aim to reduce the pressure requirements for stability, with LaBeH8 emerging as a promising candidate, exhibiting a Tc of 110 K at 80 GPa. The review concludes by outlining future research directions, such as the incorporation of small-radius atoms to increase hydrogen content, a deeper understanding of the role of symmetry, and addressing challenges related to vibrational modes and structural stability.

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37

Maroufi, Samane, Sajjad S. Mofarah, Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei y Veena Sahajwalla. "Tailoring of a highly stable Mn_1−x−y(Ce_xLa_y)O_2−δ pseudocapacitor thin-film and rare earth oxide nanospheres through selective purification of rare earth oxides derived from Ni–MH batteries". Green Chemistry 24, n.º 4 (2022): 1659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1gc02802b.

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High-yield fabrication of two value-added functional nanostructures including a defect-rich Mn1−x−y(CexLay)O2−δ film and rare earth oxide (REO) nanospheres via selective purification of REO isolated from end-of-life nickel–metal hydride batteries.

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38

Shin, S. M., D. J. Shin, G. J. Jung, Y. H. Kim y J. P. Wang. "Recovery Of Electrodic Powder From Spent Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries (NiMH)". Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2015): 1139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0085.

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Abstract This study was focused on recycling process newly proposed to recover electrodic powder enriched in nickel (Ni) and rare earth elements (La and Ce) from spent nickel-metal hydride batteries (NiMH). In addition, this new process was designed to prevent explosion of batteries during thermal treatment under inert atmosphere. Spent nickel metal hydride batteries were heated over range of 300°C to 600°C for 2 hours and each component was completely separated inside reactor after experiment. Electrodic powder was successfully recovered from bulk components containing several pieces of metals through sieving operation. The electrodic powder obtained was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and image of the powder was taken by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was finally found that nickel and rare earth elements were mainly recovered to about 45 wt.% and 12 wt.% in electrodic powder, respectively.

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39

Bamogo, Halidou, Moussa Ouedraogo, Issiaka Sanou, Jean-Emmanuel Aubert y Younoussa Millogo. "Physical, Hydric, Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Earth Renders Amended with Dolomitic Lime". Materials 15, n.º 11 (6 de junio de 2022): 4014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15114014.

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The global objective of this work was to manufacture resistant and durable (water resistant) earth renders with good thermal insulation. For this purpose, a medium plastic clayey soil from Kôdéni (Burkina Faso), constituted by kaolinite (62 wt.%), quartz (31 wt.%), and goethite (2 wt.%), was mixed with dolomitic lime (up to 6 wt.%) to manufacture earth renders. The mineralogical, microstructural, and chemical characteristics of dolomitic lime, as well as the physical (linear shrinkage, apparent density, and accessible porosity), hydric (water absorption test by capillarity and spray test), thermal (thermal conductivity), and mechanical (abrasion resistance, flexural, and compressive strengths) properties of the earth renders were evaluated. From these studies, it appears that the addition of dolomitic lime induces the formation of calcium silicate (CSH) and magnesium silicate (MSH) hydrates. These CSH and MSH are mainly formed from the pozzolanic reaction between finely ground quartz and the weak silica of kaolinite in basic media. These formed hydrates improve the physical, hydric, thermal, and mechanical properties of earth renders. This improvement is due to the fact that the formed CSH and MSH stick to the isolated particles of the soil, making them more compact. In view of the good mechanical strength and water resistance, as well as the low thermal conductivity, the elaborated earth renders are suitable for habitats with dry climates, such as the Sahel.

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40

Tsukioka, Satoshi, Taro Aoki, Ikuo Yamamoto, Hiroshi Yoshida, Tadahiro Hyakudome, Takao Sawa, Shojiro Ishibasi, Masashi Mizuno, Jyunichiro Tahara y Akihisa Ishikawa. "The PEM Fuel Cell System for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles". Marine Technology Society Journal 39, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2005): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533205787442558.

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An ocean-going autonomous underwater vehicle powered by a polymer electrode membrane fuel cell system was completed by The Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. The fuel cell system generates 4kW of electric power for the control electronics and propulsion system. Hydrogen gas is stored under low pressure in the metal hydride. Heat generated by the fuel cell is used to discharge hydrogen gas into the metal hydride. This paper presents the test results of the fuel cell, storage system and the 317km sea test.

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41

Zhu, S. M., J. F. Nie, M. A. Gibson y M. A. Easton. "On the unexpected formation of rare earth hydrides in magnesium–rare earth casting alloys". Scripta Materialia 77 (abril de 2014): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.01.007.

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42

Robinson, S. J. Connelly y D. M. Heinekey. "Hydride & dihydrogen complexes of earth abundant metals: structure, reactivity, and applications to catalysis". Chemical Communications 53, n.º 4 (2017): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc07529k.

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43

Hirose, Takashi, Naoki Matsui, Kenta Watanabe, Kota Suzuki, Takashi Saito, Takashi Kamiyama, Masaaki Hirayama y Ryoji Kanno. "Hydride-Ion Conduction in AELiH₃ (AE = Sr, Ba)". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n.º 65 (22 de diciembre de 2023): 3060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02653060mtgabs.

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Hydride ions (H–) are expected to conduct fast in solids owing to their monovalent state, appropriate ionic radius for conduction, and large polarizability. Thus, H– is a promising class of the charge carrier with high mobility, and may be applicable to the electrochemical reaction in batteries and fuel cells. The K2NiF4–type structure, wherein the perovskite KNiF3 and the rock-salt KF layers are stacked along the c-axis, has been the most researched material as a hydride-ion conductor, e.g., K2NiF4–type oxyhydrides of La2–x–y Sr x +y LiH1–x+y O3–y [1]. In this study, we focused on perovskite-type hydrides, AELiH3 (AE = Ca, Sr, Ba). A simple perovskite structure is expected to have high ionic conductivity, because it ensures a three-dimensional diffusion pathway for the anion species [2-6]. First, the migration energy of H– ions in the AELiH3 materials were evaluated using nudged elastic band (NEB) calculations. The migration pathway between adjacent H– sites via vacancies was considered. First-principles calculations were performed using the projector-augmented wave method and PBEsol functional as implemented in the VASP code. The H– diffusivity of sodium-doped SrLiH3 was investigated using density functional theory molecular dynamics. AELiH3 were experimentally synthesized using a mechanochemical method, and their ionic conductivities were evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. To further improve the ionic conductivity of these materials, hydride-ion vacancies were introduced by replacing the A-site cation with the monovalent cation of Na+. Neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data were collected at room temperature using a time-of-flight diffractometer (BL09 SPICA) at the J-PARC facility. The distribution of the nuclear scattering length density was analyzed by the maximum entropy method (MEM) using the Z-MEM code. The effect of the alkali-earth element at A-site on the migration energy of H– was evaluated using NEB. The migration energy are estimated to be 24, 35, and 39 kJ mol–1 for CaLiH3, SrLiH3, and BaLiH3, respectively. These low migration energy (< 40 kJ mol–1) suggest that the perovskite-type AELiH3 are suitable substances for hydride-ion conduction. AELiH3 (AE = Sr, Ba) were synthesized via mechanical milling process. The X-ray diffraction patterns of SrLiH3 and BaLiH3 were attributed to a cubic perovskite structure with the space group Pm–3m. For CaLiH3, the starting materials of CaH2 and LiH remained in the product, and the perovskite-type CaLiH3 could not be synthesized. The ionic conductivities of SrLiH3 and BaLiH3 at 100 °C were 4.6 × 10–7 and 6.7 × 10–9 S cm–1, respectively. This clearly denotes the characteristic of hydride ion; a smaller ionic radius of the A-site cation results in a lower migration energy and a higher ionic conductivity. Solid solutions of Sr1–x Na x LiH3–x were obtained in the range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.075. The ionic conductivity was enhanced upon Na-doping. The highest conductivity was observed for Sr0.925Na0.075LiH2.925 (x = 0.075) with a bulk conductivity of 5.0 × 10–6 S cm–1 at 25.6 °C. The figure shows the refined crystal structure of Sr0.925Na0.075LiH2.925 obtained by a Rietveld analysis of the NPD data, in addition to the isosurface plot of the nuclear density obtained by MEM. Rietveld analysis confirmed the presence of H defects and a remarkable anisotropy of the thermal oscillations of H. The negative nuclear density at the H sites showed broadening along the {100} direction. These structural features suggest that hydride ions conduct via vacancies between their adjacent sites. The choice of small cations at the A sites and the presence of hydrogen vacancies in perovskite-type hydrides resulted in high hydride-ion conductivity. [1] Kobayashi et.al., Science, 351, 1314–1317(2016). [2] Bai, Q. et.al., ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 1, 1626–1634(2018). [3] Ishihara, T. et.al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 116, 3801–3803(1994). [4] Li, M. et.al., Nat. Mater., 13, 31–35(2014). [5] Hull, S. et.al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 11, 5257–5272(1999). [6] Yamane, Y. et.al., Solid State Ionics, 179, 605–610(2008). Figure 1

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44

Li, Ming, Pin-Shi Jin y Xun Cao. "Current research status of rare earth oxygenated hydride photochromic films". Acta Physica Sinica 71, n.º 21 (2022): 218101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20221046.

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Photochromic material, as an adaptive smart material, has a wide range of applications in smart windows, photoelectric sensors, optical storage, etc. Oxygen-containing rare-earth metal hydride (REH<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub><i>y</i></sub>) film, a new type of photochromic material, has attracted the attention of researchers for its efficient and reversible color-changing properties, simple and reproducible preparation methods, and fast darkening-bleaching time. In this paper we review the current research status of structural composition, color change mechanism, and property modulation of oxygen-containing rare-earth metal hydride films. Exposure to visible light and ultraviolet (UV) light can lead the optical transmission of visible and infrared (IR) light to degrade. The photochromic mechanisms can be grouped into four mechanisms: lattice contraction mechanism, oxygen exchange mechanism, local metal phase change, and hydrogen migration mechanism. Currently, performance can be tuned by controlling film morphology, designing chemical components, improving substrate adaptation, multilayer film structure design, etc. Finally, the future research focus of r thin film is prospected.

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45

Machida, A., T. Watanuki, A. Ohmura, K. Aoki y K. Takemura. "Pressure-induced structural transition in rare earth metal hydrides". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 64, a1 (23 de agosto de 2008): C610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767308080392.

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46

Fuentealba, P., O. Reyes, H. Stoll y H. Preuss. "Ground state properties of alkali and alkaline–earth hydrides". Journal of Chemical Physics 87, n.º 9 (noviembre de 1987): 5338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.453653.

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47

Vajda, P. y G. Andre. "Commensurate and incommensurate magnetic structures in rare-earth hydrides". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 326, n.º 1-2 (agosto de 2001): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-8388(01)01251-8.

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48

Udovic, T. J., J. J. Rush y I. S. Anderson. "Neutron spectroscopic comparison of β-phase rare earth hydrides". Journal of Alloys and Compounds 231, n.º 1-2 (diciembre de 1995): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(95)01788-7.

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49

Fegler, Waldemar, Ajay Venugopal, Mathias Kramer y Jun Okuda. "Molecular Rare-Earth-Metal Hydrides in Non-Cyclopentadienyl Environments". Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54, n.º 6 (20 de noviembre de 2014): 1724–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201406677.

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50

Sato, Toyoto y Shin-ichi Orimo. "The Crystal Structures in Hydrogen Absorption Reactions of REMgNi4-Based Alloys (RE: Rare-Earth Metals)". Energies 14, n.º 23 (6 de diciembre de 2021): 8163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238163.

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REMgNi4-based alloys, RE(2−x)MgxNi4 (RE: rare-earth metals; 0 < x < 2), with a AuBe5-type crystal structure, exhibit reversible hydrogen absorption and desorption reactions, which are known as hydrogen storage properties. These reactions involve formation of three hydride phases. The hydride formation pressures and hydrogen storage capacities are related to the radii of the RE(2−x)MgxNi4, which in turn are dependent on the radii and compositional ratios of the RE and Mg atoms. The crystal structures formed during hydrogen absorption reactions are the key to understanding the hydrogen storage properties of RE(2−x)MgxNi4. Therefore, in this review, we provide an overview of the crystal structures in the hydrogen absorption reactions focusing on RE(2−x)MgxNi4.

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