Literatura académica sobre el tema "HVS masking"

A chaotic digital watermarking scheme based on logistic mapping was introduced. In the frequency domain, the chaos sequence embedded in DC component DC through using discrete cosine transform (DCT). Being of human visual system(HVS) masking properties, the watermarking adapt itself into the image, which ensure the watermark is invisible.

A chaotic digital watermarking scheme based on logistic mapping is tested by experiments. Being of human visual system(HVS) masking properties, the watermarking adapt itself into the image, which ensure the watermark is invisible. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has good robustness for the common signal distortion (adding salt & pepper noise, median filtering, etc.) and geometric distortion (lossy compression, shear, etc).

To reach higher compression ratios without perceptually degrading the reconstructed signal, the properties of the human visual system (HVS) need to be better exploited. Research simulated the sensitivity of HVS with the just-noticeable-distortion (JND) model, which describes the perception redundancy quantitatively. This paper proposed a new JND model in multiview video coding (MVC) which explored the property of HVS to stereoscopic masking effect. The proposed model contained the spatial JND, temporal JND and the JND in depth. A novel asymmetric stereoscopic video coding method was proposed based on the new JND model. For each macroblock (MB), the quantization parameters (QPs) were optimized adaptively based on the new JND. Compared with the original JMVC scheme without JND, our method gets remain perceptual quality and save bits averagely 24.18%~36.24%.

Considering that the Human Visual System (HVS) has different perceptual characteristics for different morphological components, a novel image quality metric is proposed by incorporating Morphological Component Analysis (MCA) and HVS, which is capable of assessing the image with different kinds of distortion. Firstly, reference and distorted images are decomposed into linearly combined texture and cartoon components by MCA respectively. Then these components are turned into perceptual features by Just Noticeable Difference (JND) which integrates masking features, luminance adaptation and Contrast Sensitive Function (CSF). Finally, the discrimination between reference and distorted images perceptual features is quantified using a pooling strategy before the final image quality is obtained. Experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed prevails over some existing methods on LIVE database II.

Perceptual Watermarking should take full advantage of the results from human visual system (HVS) studies. Just noticeable distortion (JND), which refers to the maximum distortion that the HVS does not perceive, gives a way to model the HVS accurately. An effective Spatio-Temporal JND model guided video watermarking scheme in DCT domain is proposed in this paper. The watermarking scheme is based on the design of an additional accurate JND visual model which incorporates spatial Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF), temporal modulation factor, retinal velocity, luminance adaptation and contrast masking. The proposed watermarking scheme, where the JND model is fully used to determine scene-adaptive upper bounds on watermark insertion, allows providing the maximum strength transparent watermark. Experimental results confirm the improved performance of the Spatio-Temporal JND model. The authors’ Spatio-Temporal JND model is capable of yielding higher injected-watermark energy without introducing noticeable distortion to the original video sequences and outperforms the relevant existing visual models. Simulation results show that the proposed Spatio-Temporal JND model guided video watermarking scheme is more robust than other algorithms based on the relevant existing perceptual models while retaining the watermark transparency.

This work presents a watermarking technique in digital images using a brightness model and the Hermite Transform (HT). The HT is an image representation model that incorporates important properties of the Human Vision System (HVS), such as the analysis of local orientation, and the model of Gaussian derivatives of early vision. The proposed watermarking scheme is based on a perceptive model that takes advantage of the masking characteristics of the HVS, thus allowing the generation of a watermark that cannot be detected by a human observer. The mask is constructed using a brightness model that exploits the limited sensibility of the human visual system for noise detection in areas of high or low brightness. Experimental results show the imperceptibility of the watermark and the fact that the proposed algorithm is robust to most common processing attacks. For the case of geometric distortions, an image normalization stage is carried out prior to the watermarking.

We have addressed a novel watermarking algorithm to support the capacity demanded by the multimodal biometric templates. Proposed technique embeds watermark in low frequency AC coefficients of selected 8 × 8 DCT blocks. Selection of blocks accomplishes perceptual transparency by exploiting the masking effects of human visual system (HVS). Embedding is done by modulating the coefficient magnitude as a function of its estimated value. Neighborhood estimation is used for the weighted DC coefficients from eight neighboring DCT blocks. The weights of the DC coefficients are calculated from local image intrinsic property. For our experimentation we have used iris and finger prints as the two templates which are watermarked into standard test images. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is compared with the few state-of-the-art literature when watermarked image is subjected to common channel attacks.

It has been known that human visual systems (HVSs) can be applied to describe the underlying masking properties for the image processing. In general, HVS can only perceive small changes in a scene when they are greater than the just noticeable distortion (JND) threshold. Recently, the cognitive resources of huma visual attention mechanisms are limited, which can not concentrate on all stimuli. To be specific, only more important stimuli will react from the mechanisms. When it comes to visual attention mechanisms, we need to introduce the visual saliency to model the human perception more accurately. In this paper, we presents a new wavelet-based JND estimation method that takes into account the interrelationship between visual saliency and JND threshold. In the experimental part, we verify it from both subjective and objective aspects. In addition, the experimental results show that extracting the saliency map of the image in the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain and then modulating its JND threshold is better than the non-modulated JND effect.

Electric vehicle sales are growing globally in response to the move towards a greener environment and a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. As in any machine, grease lubricants will play a significant role in the component life of these new power plants and drivetrains. In this paper, the role of grease lubrication in electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid vehicles (HVs) will be discussed in terms of performance requirements. Comparisons of grease lubrication in EVs and HVs for performance requirements to current internal combustion engines (ICEs) will be reviewed to contrast the major differences under different operating conditions. The operating conditions for grease lubrication in these EVs and HVs are demanding. Greases formulated and manufactured to meet specific performance specifications in EVs and HVs, which will operate within these specific electrification components, will be reviewed. Specifically, the thermal and electrified effects from the higher operating temperatures and electromagnetic fields on lubricant degradation, rheology, elastomer compatibility, and corrosion protection of the grease need to be evaluated to accurately meet the performance requirements for EVs and HV. The major differences between EVs and conventional ICEVs can be grouped into the following technical areas: energy efficiency, noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), the presence of electrical current and electromagnetic fields from electric modules, sensors and circuits, and bearing lubrication. Additional considerations include thermal heat transfer, seals, corrosion protection, and materials’ compatibility. The authors will review the future development trends of EVs/HVs on driveline lubrication and thermal management requirements. The future development of electric vehicles will globally influence the selection and development of gear oils, coolants, and greases as they will be in contact with electric modules, sensors, and circuits and will be affected by electrical current and electromagnetic fields. The increasing presence of electrical parts in EVs/HVs will demand the corrosion protection of bearings and other remaining mechanical components. Thus, it is imperative that specialized greases should be explored for specific applications in EVs/HVs to ensure maximum protection from friction, wear, and corrosion to guarantee the longevity of the operating automobile. Low-viscosity lubricants and greases will be used in EVs to achieve improvements in energy efficiency. However, low-viscosity fluids reduce the film thickness in the driveline application. This reduced film thickness increases the operating temperature and reduces the calculated fatigue life of the bearings. Bearing components for EVs/HVs will be even more crucial as original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) specify these low-viscosity fluids. The application of premium bearing components using low-viscosity grease will leverage materials, bearing geometries, and surface topography to combat the impact of low-viscosity lubricants. In addition, EVs and HVs will create their own NVH challenges. Wind and road noise are more prominent, with no masking noise from the ICE. Increasing comfort, quality, and reliability issues will be more complicated with the introduction of new electrified powertrain and E-driveline subsystems. This paper elaborates on the current development trends and industrial test standard for the specified grease used for electrical/hybrid driveline lubrication.

Image and video quality evaluation is very important. In applications involving signal transmission, the Reduced- or No-Reference quality metrics are generally more practical than the Full-Reference metrics. Digital watermarking based quality evaluation emerges as a potential Reduced- or No-Reference quality metric, which estimates signal quality by assessing the degradation of the embedded watermark. Since the watermark contains a small amount of information compared to the cover signal, performing accurate signal quality evaluation is a challenging task. Meanwhile, the watermarking process causes signal quality loss. To address these problems, in this thesis, a framework for image and video quality evaluation is proposed based on semi-fragile and adaptive watermarking. In this framework, adaptive watermark embedding strength is assigned by examining the signal quality degradation characteristics. The "Ideal Mapping Curve" is experimentally generated to relate watermark degradation to signal degradation so that the watermark degradation can be used to estimate the quality of distorted signals. With the proposed framework, a quantization based scheme is first implemented in DWT domain. In this scheme, the adaptive watermark embedding strengths are optimized by iteratively testing the image degradation characteristics under JPEG compression. This iterative process provides high accuracy for quality evaluation. However, it results in relatively high computational complexity. As an improvement, a tree structure based scheme is proposed to assign adaptive watermark embedding strengths by pre-estimating the signal degradation characteristics, which greatly improves the computational efficiency. The SPIHT tree structure and HVS masking are used to guide the watermark embedding, which greatly reduces the signal quality loss caused by watermark embedding. Experimental results show that the tree structure based scheme can evaluate image and video quality with high accuracy in terms of PSNR, wPSNR, JND, SSIM and VIF under JPEG compression, JPEG2000 compression, Gaussian low-pass filtering, Gaussian noise distortion, H.264 compression and packet loss related distortion.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur hög precision äldre personer har när de ålderskattar maskerade och omaskerade ansikten. 21 kvinnor och 19 män, totalt 40 deltagare med genomsnittlig ålder på 57,7 år fick skatta åldern på 30 maskerade och 30 omaskerade ansiktsbilder. Samma stimuluspersoner användes med och utan mask. Stimulusbilderna delades upp i grupperna yngre (18-32 år) samt äldre (39-72 år). Resultatet visar att omaskerade ansikten skattas med högre precision än maskerade ansikten och att kvinnor hade en högre precision än män. Inga signifikanta skillnader fanns i deltagarnas förmåga att skatta yngre eller äldre ansikten. Tre interaktionseffekter hittades. (1) Mellan ålder och kön, (2) mellan ålder och maskering och (3) mellan mask, ålder och kön. De systematiska avvikelserna visar att de yngre och omaskerade stimuluspersonernas ålder överskattades samt att de äldre personernas ålder underskattades. Resultatet diskuteras i relation till åldersskattnig och självförankringseffekt.
The purpose of this study was to examine how precise older people can estimate the age of masked and unmasked faces. 21 women and 19 men, 40 participants in total, were shown pictures of 30 masked and 30 unmasked faces, and asked to estimate their age. The same stimulus persons were both masked and unmasked. The pictures were divided into age groups, younger (18-32) and older (39-72). The results showed that unmasked faces were better estimated than masked faces, and that women were more precise than men. There were no significant difference between participants ability to estimate the age of young and old faces. Three interaction effects was found. (1) Between age and sex, (2) between age and mask and (3) between mask, age and sex. The systematic divergences show that the age of the younger and unmasked stimulus persons were overestimated, and that the age of the older persons were underestimated. The results are discussed in relation to age estimation and self-anchoring effects.

Detta examensarbete har utförts på Dava Foods i Skara. Det är ett företag där hönsägg i olika kvaliteter bearbetas. Där finns en äggknäckningsprocess som består av två maskiner. Organisationen har problem med maskinen som har till uppgift att separera brickor och ägg. Den stannar alltför ofta och därför har företaget bett om hjälp. Syftet med arbetet var att ta reda på vilka orsaker som ligger bakom stoppen och att ge förbättringsförslag för att förhindra framtida oönskade stopp. Observationer och intervjuer genomfördes för att få en bättre förståelse för hur maskinen fungerar. Därefter utfördes fyra stopptidsanalyser för att dokumentera stilleståndstider och för att det skulle vara möjligt att se vad som får maskinen att stanna. Metoden 5 x varför användes för att hitta rotorsakerna till problemen. Förbättringsförslag gavs utifrån de rotorsaker som identifierades och även utifrån egna tankar och idéer. Dessa förslag placerades även in i två PICK-charts så att organisationen eventuellt kan välja att implementera några av dessa i framtiden. Arbetet resulterade i 12 unika förbättringsförslag. 2 av dessa hade med brickornas material att göra. Det ena förslaget innebar att endast använda plastbrickor och det andra var en blandning av plast- och pappersbrickor. Ytterligare ett förslag var brickor med 5x5 ägg, vilket innebär att brickan ska ha plats för 5 ägg på bredden och 5 på längden. Tre förbättringsförslag hade med människor att göra. Dessa handlade om att operatören ska försöka vara mer noggrann med avståndet mellan brickor på första rullbandet, att människor ska vara försiktiga vid transport och hantering av äggen samt att det ska vara tre personer som arbetar vid maskinen. Några mer omfattande förbättringsförslag var ett längre första rullband, en robot vid första rullbandet, en bättre funktion som separerar brickor, en ny maskin och en annan layout. Det föreslogs även att minska hastigheten på den så kallade cylindern. Slutsatsen är att det finns tre förbättringsförslag som verkligen bör övervägas. Dessa är användning av plastbrickor istället för pappersbrickor, införskaffande av en ny maskin samt tre personer som arbetar vid maskinen. Om plastbrickor används istället för pappersbrickor så hade det blivit mycket mindre stopp. Detta gäller även för en ny maskin som kan hantera både plast- och pappersbrickor. Om tre personer arbetar vid maskinen så kan den tredje personen ha som arbetsuppgift att upptäcka och åtgärda fel innan dessa får maskinen att stanna.

Litteraturen fra begynnelsen av 1800-tallet har ofte blitt lest som en ganske enkel flukt fra det moderne livets kompleksitet i retning av den skjønne kunsten, naturen og sjelen. Gjennom besjelingen av en ytre natur og fordypingen i egen inderlighet forsøker den romantiske dikteren visstnok å gjenreise en enhet som er i ferd med å gå tapt. Tegnene på den industrielle revolusjon kommer dermed til uttrykk i et slags negativformat: Ikke gjennom hva hvert enkelt diktverk sier, men gjennom hva det fortier. Som et eget selvstendig felt - på beskyttet distanse fra alle former for maskinstøy og konkurrerende medieteknologier - skal diktningen utgjøre et siste tilfluktsrom for den stadig mer utsatte erfaringen av harmoni mellom subjekt og omverden. Hvis man skulle peke ut et hovedproblem ved fortellinger av denne typen, måtte det være at det at litteraturens autonomi blir satt i forbindelse med en simpel tilbaketrekning fra avgjørende politiske spørsmål. Litteraturen (og derigjennom også litteraturstudiet) kommer til å framstå som virkelighetsflukt, og ikke som et effektivt middel til å analysere og å forstå verden omkring oss.

I denne avhandlingen skal det handle om forfatterskapet til Heinrich von Kleist. (1777-1811). Nærmere bestemt vil jeg analysere utvekslingene mellom medie-, teknologi- og litteraturhistorie med utgangspunkt i dette litterære verket. Enkelttekster som Robert Guiskard, Prinz Friedrich von Homburg og Die heilige Cäcilie oder die Gewalt der Musik vil i denne forbindelse gjøres til gjenstand for inngående tekstanalyser, men jeg kommer også til å fokusere på brevene og den funksjonen disse kan sies å innta i forbindelse med Kleists litterære produksjon. Friedrich Kittler skriver i Aufschreibesysteme 1800/1900 at "skyggen fra de tekniske mediene ennå ikke hadde falt inn over diktningen anno 1800". (Kittler 1995: 128) Til forskjell fra en slik synsmåte vil hvert enkelt av denne avhandlingens kapitler fokusere på bestemte apparater og medier som kan sies å ha stått modell for Kleists skrivepraksis. Slik håper jeg ikke bare å tegne opp et alternativt bilde av dette forfatterskapet, men også av hvordan Kleists produksjonsestetikk ikke nødvendigvis er et særtilfelle, men en del av et samtidig nettverk av medieformer og teknologier.

På grunn av Kleists rolle som den tyske litteraturens Außenseiter framfor noen, synes fortellingene om litteraturens autonomi spesielt påtrengende i forbindelse med nettopp dette forfatterskapet. Som kjent var ikke Kleist hjemmehørende verken i Jena eller Weimar, og han stod utenfor de litterære salongene i Berlin. Militærkarrieren gav han opp. Ikke klarte han å stifte familie, og ikke ble han en del av den prøyssiske embetsstaten. Politisk stod han i opposisjon til det rådende monarkiet, men også til erobreren Napoleon. Etter først å ha vist en glødende interesse for naturvitenskapelige studier, kastet han også dette livsprosjektet over bord. Av de filosofiske Kant-studiene lærte han visstnok ikke annet enn at sannheten verken lar seg erkjenne eller formidle, og at det godt kan tenkes at vi alle går omkring og betrakter verden "med grønne glassøyne". Hvis denne mislykkede filosofen og litterære einstøingen skulle slumpe til å knytte en personlig forbindelse eller et vennskapsbånd for en tid, kunne man være ganske sikker på at også denne forbindelsen til menneskenes verden brøt sammen i løpet av kort tid. Den manglende sosiale tilpasningssansen og et manisk-depressivt sinnelag skal i det hele tatt ha ført Kleist på kant med den tiden og det samfunnet han levde i, og til slutt gikk det da også som det måtte gå ved Wannsee den 21. november 1811. Hva som står igjen etter denne datoen, er i henhold til en slik forfattermyte et gripende vitnemål om den menneskelige eksistensens lidelse og angst.

Når jeg i fortsettelsen kommer til å fokusere på konkrete former for utveksling mellom det litterære verket og samtidige medieformer og diskurser, er det blant annet for å tegne opp et mindre tragisk bilde av forfatterskapet, et bilde hvor Kleists tekstproduksjon viser seg å stå i skjæringspunktet mellom for eksempel mediehistorie og vitenskapshistorie. Denne metoden synes også å gi et alternativ til de alminnelige forsøkene på å bestemme forfatterskapet enten som progressivt og moderne eller også som nasjonalistisk og reaksjonært. Den manglende viljen til å forbinde Kleist med det tidlige 1800-tallets diskurser kan sies å ha åpnet for de mange forsøkene på å knytte ham til 1900-tallets historie. Bernd Hamacher påpeker dette forholdet i en omfattende redegjørelse for Homburg-resepsjonen, og han viser i denne forbindelse blant annet til hvordan verkene etter Kleist har fungert som et eksperimentfelt for utprøvningen av nye litteraturteorier og analysemetoder. (B. Hamacher 1999: 10) Hvis vi forholder oss til perioden etter andre verdenskrig, har man blant annet mobilisert eksistensialisme, marxisme, psykoanalyse, resepsjonsestetikk, diskursanalyse, systemteori og kjønnsstudier i forsøkene på forklare verket utenfra. En antologiutgivelse som Positionen der Literaturwissenschaft (1985) gir et godt eksempel på denne forskningssituasjonen. Her skal åtte såkalte "modellanalyser" illustreres gjennom lesningen av Das Erdbeben in Chili. Bokprosjektet bidro ikke bare til å tegne opp et gitt vitenskapsteoretisk landskap, men skapte også et plan for erobringen av nye posisjoner, et eksklusivt område hvor noen få utvalgte stemmer fikk slippe til mens andre rimeligvis måtte bli utelatt. I denne sammenhengen kom David Wellbery til å innta en olympisk og opphøyet posisjon både ved å redigere verket og ved å sette inn sitt eget bidrag om "litteratursemiotikk" som en slags overordnet metavitenskap i midten av boken. Friedrich Kittler markerte også styrke på teorifronten ved å være førstemann ut i rekken av kommentarorer med et eget bidrag om "diskursanalyse". Endelig fikk Werner Hamacher anledning til å framstå som en nåtidig Außenseiter ved å forfatte den eneste modellanalysen uten eksplisitt metodeangivelse. Opprinnelig hadde han blitt spurt om å skrive en tekst under headingen "grammatologi", men forestillingen om at en lesning etter forbilde av Derrida skulle ha noe med en metode å gjøre var så "widersinnig" at redaktøren og dekonstruktøren til slutt fant det best å erstatte innholdsangivelsen med "eine Leerstelle" over navnet til Hamacher. (Wellbery 1985: 10) Slik kom innholdslisten til å romme i alt to uposisjonerte bidrag. Til å begynne med stod novelleteksten til Kleist, uten nærmere angivelse av hvilken metode denne fortellingen eventuelt skulle falle inn under. Lengst bak i boken, nærmest som et speilbilde av "Das Erdbeben in Chili", kunne man så studere "Das Beben der Darstellung" av Werner Hamacher.

Ved å lese den aktuelle Kleist-forskningen på overflatens nivå, via "Daten, die am Rand oder jenseits des Einzeltextes stehen" (Kittler 1985: 24), kan vi på denne måten skaffe til veie en første oversikt over det forskningsfeltet vi her skal bevege oss inn på. En mer inngående diskusjon av andre Kleist-lesninger, og en posisjonering av vårt eget prosjekt i forhold til disse, vil imidlertid måtte vente til vårt eget lesearbeid har kommet i gang. I det påfølgende magasin-kapittelet kommer jeg da også til å trekke inn en rekke andre Kleistforskere for å plassere avhandlingens perspektiv i en bredere sammenheng.. Allerede nå skylder jeg imidlertid å gjøre oppmerksom på at mitt eget arbeid står i forlengelsen av rådende strømninger i samtidens tyske litteraturvitenskap. På det metodiske planet har jeg hentet inspirasjon til mitt eget arbeid fra Friedrich Kittler spesielt og fra en mer allmenn dreining av germanistikken i mediehistorisk retning generelt. Av samtidige Kleist-forskere som har gitt avgjørende impulser til mitt eget prosjekt, vil jeg blant annet trekke fram Karl Heinz Bohrer, Gerhard Neumann, Gernot Müller, Anthony Stephens og Berhard Siegert.

Bohrer lanserer et begrep om "estetisk subjektivitet" i forbindelse med Kleists brevskrivning. Neumann viser til magasinet som en mulig modell for Kleists tekstproduksjon. Müller gjør framlegg til en undersøkelse av Kleists intermediale "bildetenkning". Stephens påtaler de eiendommelige tingmetaforene til Kleist. Og Siegert avdekker noen av de mediehistoriske forbindelseslinjene mellom Kleists brevskrivning- og lagringsteknologi. I fortsettelsen, og da ikke minst i magasin-kapittelet, vil det bli klarere hvordan hvert enkelt av disse funnene lar seg innordne i forhold til mitt eget prosjekt.

Som det framgår av innholdsfortegnelsen, er Inventarium: Medier og maskiner hos Heinrich von Kleist organisert i henhold til en romlig modell. I stedet for å trekke opp en historiskbiografisk linje gjennom forfatterskapet, forsøker jeg å forbinde ulike tekstsoner med hverandre og å påpeke mulige korrespondanser mellom dette verket og et samtidig diskursivt og intermedialt nettverk. Dette kan resultere i at noen av de vante figurene fra fortellingene om Kleists liv og forfatterskap faller utenfor den gitte avhandlingens rammer. Når jeg ikke skriver spesielt mye verken om Kant-krisen eller om andre biografiske vendepunkter, kommer ikke dette av at disse episodene aldri fant sted eller av at de skulle være uten betydning, men av at begrepene om kriser og faser har latt seg erstatte av en mer romlig analysemodell. Ved å behandle forfatterskapet som et nettverk av motiviske og figurlige forbindelseslinjer, blir det også enklere å synliggjøre noen av de historiske linjene fra dette enkeltverket i retning av det tidlige 1800-tallets institusjoner og mediesystemer. Hvis man leser forfatterskapet som en sammenhengende beretning med døden som teleologisk endemål, ender man nettopp i de bildene av splittelse og isolasjon som altfor ofte har fått lov til å prege bildene av Kleist Hvis vi imidlertid stanser opp fallbevegelsen for i stedet å fokusere på tekstenes sammensetning og funksjonsmåte, er vi i gang med denne avhandlingens prosjekt.

Utgivelsen av Sämtliche Werke i Roland Reuß' og Peter Stangles Brandenburger-Ausgabe har representert det kanskje viktigste bidraget til Kleist-forskningen de siste ti årene. Under arbeidet med den foreliggende avhandlingen har det da også vært en kilde til stadig inspirasjon å studere de nye bindene i denne serien etterhvert som de har kommet ut. Ikke minst for studiet av Kleists brevskrivning har det vært verdifullt å få en fotografisk faksimilegjengivelse av alle bevarte håndskrifter. Parallellutgivelsen av Brandenburger Kleist-Blätter har dessuten etablert et rikholdig arkiv av utfyllende tekstkommentarer. Når jeg i denne avhandlingen likevel har valgt å sitere fra Helmut Sembdners utgave av Sämtliche Werke und Briefe, kommer dette av at utgivelsesprosjektet til Reuß og Staengle ikke har foreligget i komplett form under arbeidet med denne avhandlingen. I skrivende stund mangler fremdeles tre av dramabindene (I/6, 7 og 8), det ene bindet med lyrikk (III), de to avsluttende brevbindene (IV 3 og 4) og de tre tilleggsbindene med Erläuterungen (V 1-3). Ved at jeg har forholdt meg til Sembdner, har det dessuten blitt enklere å relatere mine egne tekstfunn til den eksisterende forskningstradisjonens sitatpraksis. Ved forkortede tekstreferanser følger jeg ellers den standarden som angis av Kleist-Jahrbuch:

SW: Sämtliche Werke und Briefe, v/Helmut Sembnder. Ref. med (arabisk) bindnummer.

BKA: Sämtliche Werke: Historisch-kritische Ausgabe, v/ Roland Reuß og Peter Staengle. Ref. med seksjonsnummer (romersk) og bindnummer (arabisk).

BKB: Brandenburger Kleist-Blätter, v/ Roland Reuß og Peter Staengle. Ref. med bindnummer (arabisk).

LS: Heinrich von Kleists Lebensspuren, v/ Helmut Sembdner. Ref. med oppslagsnummer.

NR: Heinrich von Kleists Nachruhm, v/ Helmut Sembdner. Ref. med oppslagsnummer

For ytterligere litteraturopplysninger vises det til den avsluttende bibliografien.

Denne oppgaven er en casestudie om innføring av åpen programvare i offentlig sektor. Problemstillinger er: Hva kreves for at åpen programvare skal innføres i offentlig sektor? Min forskning er hovedsakelig basert på intervjuer i de tre styringsnivåer innen offentlig sektor som er involvert i arbeidet med åpen programvare. Dokumentasjon og noe observasjon er også brukt som datainnsamling. Litteraturen som omhandler åpen programvare er for det meste utenlandsk, men de beskriver godt hvordan situasjonen er også i Norge. De problemstillinger som jeg stiller i denne oppgaven kan til dels beskrives av denne litteraturen, men det er en stor mangel av slik litteratur fra Norge. Sammen med litteratur fra organisatorisk politikk gir denne oppgaven en omfattende diskusjon av hva som kreves for å innføre åpen programvare i offentlig sektor. Oppgaven viser hvorfor de forskjellige offentlige avdelinger ønsker å bruke åpen programvare og hvilken motivasjon de har for å innføre åpen programvare. Det blir også vist hvordan innføring av åpen programvare kan skje og hva som kreves for at en slik overgang skal skje. Det er viktig at åpen programvare har de egenskaper som dekker offentlig sektors behov. Det er også viktig at styringsnivåene har en klart definert tilnærming til åpen programvare og at det kommer direktiver fra statlig styringsnivå til hvordan offentlige avdelinger skal forholde seg til innføring av åpen programvare. Det blir også avdekket svakheter eller mangler i åpne programvarer som viser utfordringer innføring av åpen programvarer medfører. Det krever en annen type kompetanse for å bruke åpen programvare og oppgaven viser hvilke aktører som må mobiliseres for å få den nødvendige kompetansen. Supporten er også annerledes ved åpen programvare, spesielt brukersupporten oppleves som utfordrende. Jeg viser hvordan disse utfordringer kan møtes og gjøre en overgang til åpen programvare mindre krevende. Det krever store ressurser å innføre åpen programvare, men det er ikke sikkert det krever mer enn å innføre en annen kommersiell programvare. Gjennom hele oppgaven har jeg et organisatorisk politisk perspektiv som viser hvordan organisasjoner fungerer, spesielt hvordan beslutningsprosessen fungerer. Innføring av åpen programvare påvirker beslutningsprosessen og de aktører som deltar i beslutningsprosessen. Men beslutningsprosessen og de aktører som deltar påvirker også innføring av åpen programvarer. Dette er en gjensidig prosess, som jeg viser gjennom behandling av mine temaer relatert til innføring av åpen programvare.

Syftet är att undersöka orsaker till varierande ställtider och klargöra hur relationen mellan ställtider och tillgänglighet påverkar produktionsplaneringen.  I dagsläget söker tillverkningsföretag efter metoder för att öka effektiviteten inom produktionen i syfte att öka flexibilitet mot kund samt konkurrenskraft mot rådande marknad. Lean konceptet kan generera effektivitet och fördelar som ökad produktkvalitet, ökad produktivitet och flexibilitet samt möjlighet att reducera lagernivåer genom bättre produktionsplanering.  Ett av lean verktygen är SMED-metoden anses vara en av det bäst lämpade för att reducera ställtider inom produktion och därmed minska slöseri. En reducering av ställtider innebär ökad tillgängligheten, högre flexibiliteten och att en effektivisering i produktionsplanering mot kund. Studien baseras på en kvalitativ metod i form av en fallstudie med fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med de verktygsmän som jobbar med omställning av extrusionspressen, tidsstudie av tre omställ samt en workshop. Deltagande i workshopen var verktygsmän från den aktuella extrusionspressen, flödeschefen, en produktionstekniker, produktionschefen samt logistikchefen i syfte att hitta potentiella förbättringsförslag till reducering i omställningstid. I diskussion- och analysavsnittet jämförs empirin mot den teoretiska referensramen i syfte att besvara forskningsfrågorna och syftet med studien.  Resultatet av fallstudien visar att material- och detaljplaneringen påverkas av produktion som i sin tur påverkas av ställtiden och därmed bör ett förbättringsarbete implementeras för att effektivisera och reducera ställtiden. SMED har metoden och verktygen som kan förbättra ställtiden och körplaneringen inom produktion men att den till viss del kan begränsas av otydliga arbetsroller, arbetssätt samt av omställningsmoment och arbetsområdet kring maskinen. För att lyckas med en förbättringsprocessen och standardisering av arbetssätt så är den viktigaste faktorn att skapa ett engagemang och acceptans hos arbetare. Arbetare inom produktion bör därför ansvara för implementering och utveckling av standardiseringen av arbetssätt för att vidhålla långsiktig hållbarhet. För att lyckas med standardisering är dokumentation även en kritisk faktor. Dokumentationen är arbetarens hjälpmedel för att utföra dess arbete och är högst relevant för att skapa stabilitet i arbetet. Slutligen bör SMED-metoden utvecklas ytterligare för att optimera produktionsplanering genom att först analysera och reducera ställtiden för stora omställningar och sedan skapa en prioriteringslista för delomställningar efter ställtiden. Genom detta kan ytterligare omställningsmoment och ställtid reduceras som effektiviserar produktionsplaneringen.

AbstractThis thesis is the final part of the Innovation and Design Engineering Programme (180 ECTS credits)at the Faculty of Health, Nature and Engineering Science at Karlstad University. The extent of thisthesis is 22.5 ECTS credits and has been performed independently by Hannes Jernberg during thespring of 2013. Metso Paper Karlstad AB is the task maker of this project, and Arvid Johansson is thecompany Representative. Metso Paper Karlstad AB is one of the world leading developer andmanufacturer of tissue paper machines.In the current situation, the company has developed and patented a power management systembased on a Cross Flow Turbine. The current construction is limited to a paper width of 2.9 meters.The company wants to take advantage of all the opportunities provided by the patents, to develop aturbine solution paper machine with a paper width that is wider than 5.5 meters, and give the abilityto manufacture paper for lower energy consumption which is an important part of the production asit is very energy intensive.Problems arise with the increasing length of the turbine, ultimately resulting in that the deflectionbecomes too big and that the momentums, due to the increased torque the turbine blades breaks.By applying the design process, this work has resulted in a number of potential solutions to theproblem. Sketches, LEGO and engineering methodologies have contributed to the good result.The recommended solution generated by this project is to place two regular sized turbines by 2.9meters. The first turbine is placed in its optimal position at the Driver side of the turbine, themomentum provided by the water is leaded by a shaft towards the engine side of the machine. Thesecond turbine is placed directly under the first shaft. This allows the second turbine take care of therest of the water and energy.
SammanfattningDetta examensarbete är en del av innovation - och designingenjörsprogrammet vid Fakulteten förhälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap vid Karlstads universitet. Omfattningen av detta arbete är 22,5högskolepoäng och har utförts självständigt av Hannes Jernberg under våren 2013. Uppdragsgivarentill detta arbete var Arvid Johansson vid Metso Paper Karlstad AB. Metso Paper Karlstad AB varvärldsledande utvecklare och tillverkare av tissue pappersmaskiner.I dagsläget har företaget utvecklat och patenterat ett energisparsystem med en Cross-flow turbinbegränsad till pappersmaskiner med en pappersbanbredd på ungefär 2,9meter. Företaget vill tatillvara på alla möjligheter som patentet ger, samt utveckla en turbinlösning till pappersmaskinermed en pappersbana som är bredare än 5,5 meter. Vilket i sin tur ger möjligheten att tillverka pappertill lägre energiförbrukning, vilket är en viktig del av en process som är mycket energikrävande.Problem uppstår med den ökande turbinlängden, förlängningen resulterar i att nedböjningen blir förstor samt att vridningen på grund av det ökande momentet vid kraftuttaget får turbinbladen attbrista.Genom att tillämpa designprocessen har detta arbete resulterat i ett flertal potentiella lösningar tillproblemet. Skisser, kreativt användande av LEGO och ingenjörsmässig metodik har bidragit till ettgott resultat.Lösningen som rekommenderas av detta arbete är att placera ut två redan optimerade turbiner medseparata axlar av originalmåttet 2,9 meter i olika nivåer i vattenstrålens plan detta möjliggör enöverlappning som bidrar till ett maximalt tillvaratagande av vattenstrålen.

This introductory chapter lays the groundwork for the substantive analyses to follow. It foregrounds Faulkner’s profound continuing attachment to romance tropes which his more modernist aesthetic sensibilities would increasingly deem invalid. It argues that Faulkner’s primary artistic challenge was finding ways and means to “manage” his anachronistic romanticism, via technical strategies of omission, repression, and tropological masking. The chapter both considers the lingering aesthetic ideology of romance in the modern United States, especially the South, and outlines a genealogy of literary tactics Faulkner was able to employ in order to discipline it, before introducing the major new formal device for which he was responsible: masking romance with figures taken from the new media system.

Since 2004, the Baby Doll Mardi Gras tradition in New Orleans has gone from an obscure, almost-forgotten practice to a flourishing cultural force. The original Baby Dolls were groups of black women, and some men, in the early Jim Crow era who adopted New Orleans street-masking tradition as a unique form of fun and self-expression against a backdrop of racial discrimination. Wearing short dresses, bloomers, bonnets, and garters with money tucked tight, they strutted, sang ribald songs, chanted, and danced on Mardi Gras Day and on St. Joseph feast night. Today’s Baby Dolls continue the tradition of one of the first street women's masking and marching groups in the United States. They joyfully and unabashedly defy gender roles, claiming public space and proclaiming through their performance their right to social citizenship. Essayists draw on interviews, theoretical perspectives, archival material, and historical assessments to describe women’s cultural performances that take place on the streets of New Orleans. They recount the history and contemporary resurgence of the Baby Dolls while delving into the larger cultural meaning of the phenomenon. Over 140 color photographs and personal narratives of immersive experiences provide passionate testimony of the impact of the Baby Dolls on their audiences. Fifteen artists offer statements regarding their work documenting and inspired by the tradition as it stimulates their imagination to present a practice that revitalizes the spirit.

Causal pluralism is the view that causation is not a single kind of relation or connection between things in the world. Instead, the apparently simple and univocal term ‘cause’ is seen as masking an underlying diversity. Assessing such a claim requires making sense of a difficult counting operation. How do we tell whether a theory of causation is identifying causation with a ‘single’ kind of connection? In practice, there tends not to be much disagreement about how to do the counting, because most philosophical work on causation has sought a view with an obvious kind of unity. The literature often works with a standard range of candidate connections that seem to have an important link to the idea of causation.

The focal object is a key concept throughout this book, and it has its primary exposition in this chapter, which describes the space in which images function. Building on the idea of an image as a device, this chapter discusses how images operate before viewers and within visual fields that encompass them. The cult image, the relic, the place where Our Lady appeared, the site of the miraculous spring, oracle, or vision—such objects and places are where one meets the supernatural by forgetting the complex ecology and history in which the image or object is embedded. This masking of the manifold aspects of the network enables the ascription of agency to the focal object rather than to the extended assemblage of diverse actors forming the network.

This chapter argues that the growing obsession of sportswriters in recent decades with so-called “blue-collar” fan bases and “blue-collar” professional athletes has abetted the larger project of neoliberalism by masking and justifying economic inequality in cities like Chicago. The ongoing insistence of Chicago’s sports pages that local teams enjoy the support of “blue-collar” fan bases erases successful efforts by teams to price out the working-class by increasingly catering to affluent fans on the winning side of the upward redistribution of wealth. Moreover, the relatively recent trend of local journalists labeling Chicago’s professional, millionaire athletes as “blue-collar” encapsulates the broader trend within the mainstream media of discussing class as a matter of personal style rather than a matter of material circumstance.

This chapter presents a first overview of zooarchaeological research in western Turkey, a vast region between the Anatolian Plateau and the Aegean Sea. The reason for this overview is twofold. First, although zooarchaeological research began early on within the history of archaeology in the region, almost all zooarchaeological studies have been site-based, masking their potential contribution to the cultural and environmental narrative of the region and beyond. Second, recent zooarchaeological research has shown that the region carries path-breaking potential for elucidating patterns of human–animal relationships in both prehistoric and historic periods. This chapter probes the zooarchaeological evidence from the Palaeolithic through historical times and highlights the results of zooarchaeological research on topics such as Epipalaeolithic foraging, Neolithic husbandry, urban animal economies, trade, and the symbolic role of animals.

AbstractFault-tolerance using (full-scale) redundancy-based techniques has been employed to detect and correct reliability errors (i.e., soft errors), but they pose significant area and power overhead. On the other hand, due to the masking and the error tolerance properties at different system layers and of different applications, respectively, reliable heterogeneous architectures have been emerged as an attractive design choice for power-efficient dependable computing platforms. This chapter discusses the building blocks of such computing systems, based on both embedded and superscalar processors, with different reliability (fault-tolerant) modes at the architecture layer to memories like caches, for heterogeneous in-order and out-of-order processors. We provide a comprehensive reliability, i.e., soft error, vulnerability analysis of different components in in-order and out-of-order processors, e.g., caches. We also discuss different methodologies to improve the performance and power of such a system by analyzing these vulnerabilities. Moreover, we show how such heterogeneous hardware-level hardening modes can further be complemented by software-level techniques that can be realized using a reliability-driven compiler (as introduced in Chapter “Dependable Software Generation and Execution on Embedded Systems”).

Perceptual Watermarking should take full advantage of the results from human visual system (HVS) studies. Just noticeable distortion (JND), which refers to the maximum distortion that the HVS does not perceive, gives a way to model the HVS accurately. An effective Spatio-Temporal JND model guided video watermarking scheme in DCT domain is proposed in this paper. The watermarking scheme is based on the design of an additional accurate JND visual model which incorporates spatial Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF), temporal modulation factor, retinal velocity, luminance adaptation and contrast masking. The proposed watermarking scheme, where the JND model is fully used to determine scene-adaptive upper bounds on watermark insertion, allows providing the maximum strength transparent watermark. Experimental results confirm the improved performance of the Spatio-Temporal JND model. The authors’ Spatio-Temporal JND model is capable of yielding higher injected-watermark energy without introducing noticeable distortion to the original video sequences and outperforms the relevant existing visual models. Simulation results show that the proposed Spatio-Temporal JND model guided video watermarking scheme is more robust than other algorithms based on the relevant existing perceptual models while retaining the watermark transparency.

The initial concept of the frequency-response masking technique was introduced by Neuvo, Cheng-Yu and Mitra (1984). It was shown that the complexity of a linear phase FIR filter can be considerably reduced by using the cascade connection of an interpolated FIR (IFIR) filter and a properly designed FIR filter. The IFIR filter transfer function is obtained by replacing the unit delay z-1 with the delay block z-M, where M is an integer. In this way, the frequency response of the IFIR filter is made periodic. The FIR filter in the cascade is used to eliminate (mask) the images from the IFIR filter frequency response. Two years later, Lim (1986) proposed a complete approach for the application of frequency-response masking technique in designing narrow-band and arbitrary-band linear phase FIR filters. It was shown that the approach given in (Lim, 1986) results in a linear phase FIR filter with a small fraction of nonzero coefficients, and thus is suitable for implementing sharp filters with arbitrary bandwidths. The arithmetic complexity is considerably smaller in comparison with the arithmetic complexity of an optimal FIR filter having the equivalent frequency response. This approach is applied later to IIR filters by Johansson and Wanhammar (1997, 2000). The overall filter is composed of an IIR periodic model filter and its complementary periodic filter, and FIR linearphase masking filters. In this way, the arbitrary-band filter can be designed. For a narrowband filter, the cascade of a periodic filter and masking filter can be used. The frequency-response masking approach is suitable for digital filters with sharp transition bands. Compared to the classical single-filter design, this technique offers the advantage of lower coefficients’ sensitivity, higher computation speed and lower power consumption. Recently, the application of frequency-response masking approach has been extended to filter banks to achieve a sharp band-separation with reduced computational complexity (Furtado, Diniz, Netto, and Saramäki, T. 2005; Rosenbaum, Lövenborg, and Johansson, 2007). In this chapter, we review the frequency-response masking techniques for narrow-band and arbitrary bandwidth IIR filters. We demonstrate through examples that very selective characteristics can be obtained using relatively low-order sub-filters. In this way, stable, low-sensitive filters are obtained.

To me, the “revolution” and legacy of “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” lies in its unique use of the allusive method and the relative obscurity that purposefully accompanies them. It is the method that accompanies Eliot’s theory of impersonality, a distancing and masking technique that begins in 1911 when the twenty-two-year-old poet projected himself into a persona nearly twice his age for his dramatic monologue. When he was later asked whether Prufrock represented the modern age or if he was a character from ...

This chapter draws upon iconography, film studies, and semiotics in two examples of electronically mediated masking that intentionally subvert the voyeuristic white gaze. It investigates the descriptions of Lindy Hop in The Autobiography of Malcolm X (1966) and the blackface in Spike Lee’s Bamboozled (2000), which intentionally juxtapose explicitly racist caricature and performative virtuosity, reading those passages for their cultural/political subtextual discussions. It argues that Malcolm X and Spike Lee--as cultural commentators from within the African American community--use dance as a means to problematize the paradox of black creativity’s virtuosity as it has flourished “behind the minstrel mask.”

‘From modernization to isolation’ shows how Russia’s dependence on oil and gas was tested by the global financial crisis of 2008 and Western sanctions imposed after the annexation of Crimea in 2014. During Dmitry Medvedev’s presidency, Putin, as prime minister, held onto much of the power. Medvedev’s ambitious plans to modernize the Russian economy with technology were limited by a legacy of corruption in the system. State involvement in energy, defence, industrial production, finance, and agriculture increased, with slick officials masking unchanged methods. On his fourth inauguration in 2018, Putin showed no sign of changing the conservative strategies that had helped him stabilize Russia.

Cybersecurity is essentials in today's era. An increase in cyberattacks has driven caution to safeguard data. An advanced persistent attack is an attack where the intellectual property of an organization is attempted to be misused. The attacker stays on the network for a long-time intruding into confidential files. The attacker switches into sleep mode, masking himself. Hence, the attacker is quite difficult to trace. The proposed work is suggested to tackle the problem. Public key cryptography is used to encrypt the data. The hash code is affixed to the transmitted message to provide reliability to the transmitted data. The work proves to be 4.9% stronger in authenticating the received packets, provides 4.42% greater data reliability, and decreases the load of the server by 43.5% compared to work.

This chapter explores how the proscenium curtain, previously simply a spatial and temporal frame for the performance, increasingly mediated between sound and sight. In the late eighteenth century, Grétry and other composers had begun to align the curtain’s movements with both music and drama, and during the nineteenth century, the curtain became increasingly expressive. Thus, for example, an early opening curtain might allow for pantomimic scene-setting, while “delayed” curtains could mask diegetic sound. Rossini’s prematurely closing curtain conveyed continuing drama. Novel drop scenes masking mid-act transformations further expanded the curtain’s functions and shapes. In prescribing curtain tempi as atmospheric indictors, Wagner built on such practices, his heightened attention producing the flexible “Wagner curtain” at Bayreuth. Few composers subsequently omitted curtain directions, with Berg’s scores completing the curtain’s musicalization. It was consequential, then, that Brecht dismissed the full-length curtain in his battle against illusionist theater.

This chapter explains that Halloween is more than simply a setting in John Carpenter's Halloween (1978), but that the film is indeed centrally concerned with the contested meanings of the day when it takes place. The film is a cultural artefact of how Halloween was thought about in the 1970s. In other words, it is not just called Halloween; it is about Halloween. The chapter then studies the history and dangers of Halloween, which traces its roots back to the Celtic harvest festival of Samhain. Halloween is often constructed as a rare time when the anger and discontentment of children, and indeed their capacity for violence, may be demonstrated. The character of Michael Myers is driven by a need to pursue the carnivalesque and violent aspects of Halloween to their violent extremes. It is here where the theme of masking becomes critical. Michael commits his sister Judith's murder wearing a Halloween mask, which reveals his true nature more clearly than his actual face ever could.

Chaos is characterized by aperiodic, wideband, random-like, and ergodicity. Chaotic secure communication has become one of the hot topics in nonlinear dynamics since the early 1990s exploiting the technique of chaos synchronization. As distinguished by the type of information being carried, chaos-based communication systems can be categorized into analogy and digital, including four popular techniques such as Chaos Masking, Chaos Shift Keying, Chaos Modulation, and Chaos Spreading Spectrum. In this chapter, the principles of these schemes and their modifications are analyzed by theoretical analysis as well as dynamic simulation. In addition, chaos-based cryptography is a new approach to encrypt information. After analyzing the performances of chaotic sequence and designing an effective chaotic sequence generator, the authors briefly presented the principle of two classes of chaotic encryption schemes, chaotic sequence encryption and chaotic data stream encryption.

Abstract Scan-based test has been the industrial standard method for screening manufacturing defects. Scan chains are vulnerable to most manufacturing defects and process variations. Therefore, chain failures diagnosis is critical for successful yield learning. However, traditional chain diagnosis requires failing masking patterns to identify faulty chains and their fault types for designs with test compression. In other words, it cannot diagnose the chain failures which don't fail the masking chain patterns. Unfortunately, advanced FinFET technologies with more manufacturing challenges and higher process variations may result in more subtle chain timing failures which can't be detected by chain masking patterns. In this work, we present a new debugging methodology, which combines chain diagnosis and tester-based test to effectively diagnose such intermittent chain failures. The proposed methodology is validated on silicon data for one modern large SOC design and successfully identified all scan cells with hold-time issues, which were validated by STA with corrected models. The subsequent mask fixes for these identified hold-time violations resolved this yield issue and dramatically improve the yield.

In order to improve the possibility of successful bonding and performance of structures, the new method for multi-depth silicon etching is required. This paper aims to design and create a new method for one-time multi-depth silicon etching in manufacturing complex structures based on SiO2 masking layer. The core idea of this method is that: Firstly, all patterns are transferred into photo resist through photo etching; Then etch pattern will be transferred in the SiO2 masking layer by multi-time shallow etching with different time etching control; Finally, patterns will be transferred to the silicon wafer with uniform ratio based on the measured etching selectivity of SiO2-Si with one time. In the experiments, the process is completed in the silicon wafer with SiO2 masking layer whose thickness is elaborately designed. Firstly, the etching rate of SiO2 and the etching selectivity of SiO2-Si were measured accurately. Secondly, the shallow structure based on the designed structure, the etching rate of SiO2 and the etching selectivity of SiO2-Si is etched on the SiO2masking layer. The second step forms different thickness version of SiO2 masking layer. At last, the SiO2 masking layer is etched until final structure and consequently different depth of groove accomplish due to various thickness of SiO2 etched by previous step. The experimental results indicated that the new methods has at least three advantages compared to traditional method: That is faster efficiency, higher cleanness and more complex structure. Fast work efficiency owes to only SF6 etching rather than two gases of SF6 and C4F8 to reduce half of time. Also high cleanness comes from being not exposed to air and researchers directly. The largest benefit of new method may be that can create more complex structure for higher required machine design and for higher mechanical function. It is because that normal etching method could only build few different depth of grooves due to multi-process limitation and contrary to normal one, new method can create more different depth of groove. And more different depth of groove means that more complex structure can be designed.

Unprecedented competition among the worldwide automotive manufacturers has benefited the consumer, resulting in higher levels of overall quality while simultaneously reducing the time-to-market for new models. One subjective differentiator of automotive quality is the noise and vibration performance, as evident by the quieter interiors even in vehicles not typically associated with the luxury banner, such a large trucks. In essence, passenger compartments devoid of objectionable road and wind noise have become a fundamental customer requirement expected in all vehicles regardless of cost, thereby reducing the broadband masking content of the interior. This reduction of masking has the potential to make tonal noise more prominent and annoying, by increasing the tone-to-noise ratio, and as result, the perception of quality may suffer. Gear whine is one such tonal noise phenomena that must be diligently managed by automotive engineers in order to avoid objectionable passenger compartment noise. This can be quite challenging, since many gear design features implemented for increased durability are often counter productive for noise. Sources of gear whine include powertrain components such as automatic and manuals transmissions, axles, transfer cases, power-take of units, engine accessory drives, and an assortment of other potential noise makers. This paper will attempt a technology review of various practical methods for managing the gear whine phenomena, including the use of Quality Function Deployment charts, dynamic transmission error with parametric gear models, and response surface modeling for gear design optimization.

In the Audio Signal Processing field, there exists difficulties in order to explain different concepts such as, compression, masking, quantization, sampling, among others. Further, most of these concepts require the use of audio laboratories and multiple practical session that must carry out students. Another issue is that there are students that are not able to internalize these concepts straightforwardly and require more practical sessions. In order to address these problems, we have developed an audiovisual tool, designed with Matlab, that can be used for professors and students. This tool allows to analyze, test and apply the audio concepts to real audio signals. The developed tool has been successfully experienced by professors of the audio signal processing field that recommend its use in upcoming academic courses.

Money laundering is a complex phenomenon that represents the direct impact of organized criminal groups on legal financial flows. As a particularly dangerous dimension of illegal activities, the author emphasizes the possibility of masking them through the investment of illegally acquired funds in legal public or private affairs. The author analyzes the structure of this illegal activity, showing its adaptation to modern communication conditions, which is why he notices the importance of evolving this illegal phenomenon in the online environment. The predominant part of this paper is dedicated to the introduction of numerous ways of placing criminal profit in the regular monetary market through the information and communication benefits of the Internet. In his research, the author does not stay within the framework of the visible part of the web. His special attention is focused on the high-tech circumstances and communication capacities of the dark web, in order to emphasize the inexhaustible possibilities of hiding, "laundering" and further placing "laundered" money that originates from criminal activities.