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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Human trunk"

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1

Stelmakh, G. Ya. "The Role of Sympathetic Trunks in the Innervation of the Posterior Mediastinum Blood Vessels in Human Fetuses." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 7, no. 3 (July 2, 2022): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.03.073.

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The purpose of the study was to establish patterns of variation of the branches of the right and left sympathetic trunks in the thoracic aorta azygos and hemiazygos veins during the fetal period of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods. An anatomical study was performed on 47 human fetuses using macromicroscopic preparation of neurovascular branches under the control of binocular magnifier, vascular injection, application contrasting of prepared vessels and nerves, making 3D reconstruction models of the posterior mediastinum structures and morphometry. Results. The anatomical variability of
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2

Kahilogullari, Gokmen, Hasan Caglar Ugur, Ayhan Comert, Ibrahim Tekdemir, and Yucel Kanpolat. "The branching pattern of the middle cerebral artery: is the intermediate trunk real or not? An anatomical study correlating with simple angiography." Journal of Neurosurgery 116, no. 5 (May 2012): 1024–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.1.jns111013.

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Object The branching structure of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) remains a debated issue. In this study the authors aimed to describe this branching structure in detail. Methods Twenty-seven fresh, human brains (54 hemispheres) obtained from routine autopsies were used. The cerebral arteries were first filled with colored latex and contrast agent, followed by fixation with formaldehyde. All dissections were done under a microscope. During examination, the trunk structures of the MCA and their relations with cortical branches were demonstrated. Lateral radiographs of the same hemispheres were
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3

Marras, William S., and Garya Mirka. "Trunk Strength during Asymmetric Trunk Motion." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 31, no. 6 (December 1989): 667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872088903100603.

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It is important to understand how trunk strength varies as a function of workplace factors so that the work environment can be designed to minimize the risk of low back injury. In this study maximal trunk torque production around the lumbosacral junction was measured in 44 subjects as trunk concentric and eccentric isokinetic velocity and trunk asymmetric line of action were varied. Trunk torque decreased by approximately 8.5% of maximum for every 15 deg of asymmetric trunk angle. Increases in concentric velocity decreased trunk strength, whereas increases in eccentric trunk velocity increased
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4

Kim, Kyungsoo, Yoon Hyuk Kim, and SuKyoung Lee. "General Computational Model for Human Musculoskeletal System of Spine." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/484759.

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A general computational model of the human lumbar spine and trunk muscles including optimization formulations was provided. For a given condition, the trunk muscle forces could be predicted considering the human physiology including the follower load concept. The feasibility of the solution could be indirectly validated by comparing the compressive force, the shear force, and the joint moment. The presented general computational model and optimization technology can be fundamental tools to understand the control principle of human trunk muscles.
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5

Uysal, İsmihan İlknur, Muzaffer Şeker, Ahmet Kağan Karabulut, Mustafa Büyükmumcu, and Taner Ziylan. "Brachial Plexus Variations in Human Fetuses." Neurosurgery 53, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000079485.24016.70.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE We examined the anatomic variations of the brachial plexus (BP) in human fetuses. METHODS This study was performed with 200 BPs from spontaneously aborted fetuses without detectable malformations. The plexuses were dissected, and the normal position and/or morphological variations of the BP were determined and photographed. RESULTS There were no variations in 93 plexuses, and 107 plexuses were observed to have different variations. Morphological variations were observed more frequently among female fetuses and right sides. The BPs were composed mostly of the C5, C6, C7, and
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6

Alexandrov, Alexei, Alexander Frolov, and J. Massion. "Axial synergies during human upper trunk bending." Experimental Brain Research 118, no. 2 (January 19, 1998): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050274.

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7

Faustino Martins, Jorge-Miguel, Cornelius Fischer, Alessia Urzi, Ramon Vidal, Severine Kunz, Pierre-Louis Ruffault, Loreen Kabuss, et al. "Self-Organizing 3D Human Trunk Neuromuscular Organoids." Cell Stem Cell 26, no. 2 (February 2020): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2019.12.007.

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8

Faustino Martins, Jorge-Miguel, Cornelius Fischer, Alessia Urzi, Ramon Vidal, Severine Kunz, Pierre-Louis Ruffault, Loreen Kabuss, et al. "Self-Organizing 3D Human Trunk Neuromuscular Organoids." Cell Stem Cell 27, no. 3 (September 2020): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2020.08.011.

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9

ASHTON-MILLER, JAMES A., and ALBERT B. SCHULTZ. "Biomechanics of the Human Spine and Trunk." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 16 (1988): 169???204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00003677-198800160-00008.

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10

Astik, Rajesh, and Urvi Dave. "Variations in branching pattern of the axillary artery: a study in 40 human cadavers." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 11, no. 1 (March 2012): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492012000100003.

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BACKGROUND: Variations in the branching pattern of the axillary artery are a rule rather than an exception. The knowledge of these variations is of anatomical, radiological, and surgical interest to explain unexpected clinical signs and symptoms. OBJECTIVE: The large percentage of variations in branching pattern of axillary artery is making it worthwhile to take any anomaly into consideration. The type and frequency of these vascular variations should be well understood and documented, as increasing performance of coronary artery bypass surgery and other cardiovascular surgical procedures. The
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11

Mizoguchi, T., and Y. Kobayashi. "Interactive Trunk Extraction from Forest Point Cloud." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5 (June 6, 2014): 433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-433-2014.

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For forest management or monitoring, it is required to constantly measure several parameters of each tree, such as height, diameter at breast height, and trunk volume. Terrestrial laser scanner has been used for this purpose instead of human workers to reduce time and cost for the measurement. In order to use point cloud captured by terrestrial laser scanner in the above applications, it is an important step to extract all trees or their trunks separately. For this purpose, we propose an interactive system in which a user can intuitively and efficiently extract each trunk by a simple editing o
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12

SADIC, Ayberk, Akihiro OHNO, and Koichi SUZUMORI. "1A1-P01 Development of a Human Trunk Exoskeleton with Pneumatic Artificial Muscles." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2015 (2015): _1A1—P01_1—_1A1—P01_3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2015._1a1-p01_1.

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13

Ophaswongse, Chawin, Rosemarie C. Murray, Victor Santamaria, Qining Wang, and Sunil K. Agrawal. "Human Evaluation of Wheelchair Robot for Active Postural Support (WRAPS)." Robotica 37, no. 12 (June 26, 2019): 2132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574719000948.

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SummaryPeople with severe neuromuscular trunk impairment cannot maintain or control upright posture of the upper body in sitting while reaching. Passive orthoses are clinically available to provide support and promote the use of upper extremities in this population. However, these orthoses only position the torso passively without any degree of trunk movement.We introduce for the first time a novel active-assistive torso brace called Wheelchair Robot for Active Postural Support (WRAPS). It consists of two rings over the hips and chest connected by a 2RPS-2UPS parallel robotic device. WRAPS can
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14

Kumar, Shrawan. "Trunk rotation: Ergonomic and evolutionary perspective." Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 3, no. 3 (January 2002): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14639220110114663.

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15

Kumar, Shrawan, Ronald M. Dufresne, and Tinie Van Schoor. "Human Trunk Strength Profile in Flexion and Extension." Spine 20, no. 2 (January 1995): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199501150-00006.

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16

Durdle, N. G., Z. Zhang, V. J. Raso, and D. L. Hill. "Construction of surface models of the human trunk." Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 35, no. 1 (January 1997): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02510397.

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17

UNNO, Tatsuo, Shoichiro TAKEHARA, Fumiya TAKAHASHI, and Kazunori HASE. "Estimation of Human Motion Using Simplified Trunk Model." Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Multibody Dynamics 2016.8 (2016): 04_1286884. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeacmd.2016.8.04_1286884.

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18

REILLY, CHARLES H., and WILLIAM S. MARRAS. "Simulift: A Simulation Model of Human Trunk Motion." Spine 14, no. 1 (January 1989): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198901000-00002.

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19

RIOS, Constanza Marin de los, Francisco Emílio PUSTIGLIONI, and Giuseppe Alexandre ROMITO. "Biometric study of the width, length and depth of the root trunk groove of human lower second molars." Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira 16, no. 1 (March 2002): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-74912002000100005.

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One hundred human lower second molars, 51 from the left side and 49 from the right side, extracted due to their poor clinical and radiographic conditions were utilized in this study. Using a Contracer apparatus, the profiles of the buccal and lingual root surfaces of these teeth were traced on a millimeter-scaled paper. The profiles were registered from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), millimeter by millimeter, up to the entrance of the furcation. The width, length and depth of the root trunk groove, as well as the length of the root trunk, were studied. After statistical analysis (p < 0.0
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20

Aragão, J., L. Melo, A. Barreto, A. Da Silva Leal, and F. Reis. "Variations in the formation of the trunks of brachial plexus." Journal of Morphological Sciences 31, no. 01 (January 2014): 048–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.ao063614.

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Abstract Background: The brachial plexus is a complex network of nerves that innervates the upper limbs. Variations in brachial plexus are common, as well as its relationships with other anatomical structures, gaining thus clinical and surgical importance. The aim of this study was to report variations in the formation of the trunks of brachial plexus. Material and Methods: Forty upper limbs from 20 human fetuses were used, fixed and kept in 10% formol solution. Fetal age was estimated from the hallux-calcaneus length and ranged from 20 to 37 weeks of gestation, with a mean of25.63 weeks. The
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21

MARRAS, W. S., S. L. RANGARAJULU, and S. A. LAVENDER. "Trunk loading and expectation." Ergonomics 30, no. 3 (March 1987): 551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140138708969744.

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22

Iaconetta, Giorgio, Enrico Tessitore, and Madjid Samii. "Duplicated abducent nerve and its course: microanatomical study and surgery-related considerations." Journal of Neurosurgery 95, no. 5 (November 2001): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2001.95.5.0853.

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Object. The anatomy of the abducent nerve is well known; its duplication (ranging from 5 to 28.6%), however, has rarely been reported in the literature. The authors performed a microanatomical study in 100 cadaveric specimens (50 heads) to evaluate the prevalence of this phenomenon and to provide a clear anatomical description of the course and relationships of the nerve. The surgery-related implications of this rare anatomical variant will be highlighted. Methods. The 50 human cadaveric heads (100 specimens) were embalmed in a 10% formalin solution for 3 weeks. Fifteen of them were injected w
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23

Mittelstaedt, H., and S. Glasauer. "Crucial Effects of Weightlessness on Human Orientation." Journal of Vestibular Research 3, no. 3 (September 1, 1993): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1993-3311.

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This contribution examines the consequences of two remarkable experiences of subjects in weightlessness, 1) the missing of sensations of trunk tilt and of the respective concomitant reflexes when the head is tilted with respect to the trunk, and 2) the persistence of a perception of “up” and “down,” that is, of the polarity of the subjective vertical (SV) in the absence of, as well as in contradiction to, visual cues. The first disproves that the necessary head-to-trunk coordinate transformation be achieved by adding representations of the respective angles gained by utricles and neck receptor
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24

Budhiraja, Virendra, Rakhi Rastogi, Vaishali Jain, Vishal Bankwar, and Shiv Raghuwanshi. "Anatomical Variations in the Branching Pattern of Human Aortic Arch: A Cadaveric Study from Central India." ISRN Anatomy 2013 (September 12, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2013/828969.

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Variations of the branches of aortic arch are due to alteration in the development of certain branchial arch arteries during embryonic period. Knowledge of these variations is important during aortic instrumentation, thoracic, and neck surgeries. In the present study we observed these variations in fifty-two cadavers from Indian populations. In thirty-three (63.5%) cadavers, the aortic arch showed classical branching pattern which includes brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. In nineteen (36.5%) cadavers it showed variations in the branching pattern, w
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25

Drama, Özge, Johanna Vielemeyer, Alexander Badri-Spröwitz, and Roy Müller. "Postural stability in human running with step-down perturbations: an experimental and numerical study." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 11 (November 2020): 200570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200570.

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Postural stability is one of the most crucial elements in bipedal locomotion. Bipeds are dynamically unstable and need to maintain their trunk upright against the rotations induced by the ground reaction forces (GRFs), especially when running. Gait studies report that the GRF vectors focus around a virtual point above the centre of mass (VP A ), while the trunk moves forward in pitch axis during the stance phase of human running. However, a recent simulation study suggests that a virtual point below the centre of mass (VP B ) might be present in human running, because a VP A yields backward tr
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26

WU, Q., N. SEPEHRI, A. B. THORNTON-TRUMP, and M. ALEXANDER. "Stability and Control of Human Trunk Movement During Walking." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 3 (January 1998): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01495739808936705.

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27

Szpinda, Michał. "Morphometric study of the brachiobicarotid trunk in human fetuses." Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 189, no. 6 (November 2007): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2007.03.003.

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28

van Drunen, Paul, Frans C. T. van der Helm, Jaap H. van Dieën, and Riender Happee. "Trunk stabilization during sagittal pelvic tilt: from trunk-on-pelvis to trunk-in-space due to vestibular and visual feedback." Journal of Neurophysiology 115, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 1381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00867.2015.

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The goal of this study was to investigate the human ability to stabilize the trunk in space during pelvic tilt. Upper body sway was evoked in kneeling-seated healthy subjects by angular platform perturbations with a rotation around a virtual low-back pivot point between the L4 and L5 vertebrae. To investigate motor control modulation, variations in task instruction (balance naturally or minimize trunk sway), vision (eyes open or closed), and perturbation bandwidth (from 0.2 up to 1, 3, or 10 Hz) were applied. Cocontraction and proprioceptive muscle spindle feedback were associated with minimiz
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29

Card, David. "The Impact of Deregulation on the Employment and Wages of Airline Mechanics." ILR Review 39, no. 4 (July 1986): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398603900406.

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This paper describes the effects of deregulation on negotiated wage rates and employment levels of aircraft mechanics in the scheduled airline industry between 1978 and 1984. A firm-by-firm analysis of the established trunk airlines shows relatively small changes in real wage rates since 1978, and only recent changes in interfirm wage differentials. Employment growth rates, however, have varied widely, both among the established trunk airlines and between them and the new-entrant and former local service airlines. The data suggest that deregulation shifted 5,000 to 7,000 maintenance jobs from
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30

Thanh, Bui Van, Nguyen Thi Van Anh, Chu Thi Thu Ha, Dinh Thi Thu Thuy, Do Hoang Giang, and Nguyen Tien Dat. "Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic chemical constituents from the trunks of Berberis wallichiana." BioResources 17, no. 3 (May 25, 2022): 4297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.3.4297-4305.

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The chemical compositions and biological activities of the Berberis wallichiana trunk were evaluated for the first time. The alkaloid berberine was found as the main constituent of this plant. In the essential oil fraction, safrole was the most abundant component. The isolated 8-oxypalmatine compound exhibited cytotoxic effects on all three cancer cell lines A549 (human lung carcinoma), MDA-MB-231 (human breast carcinoma), and DU145 (human prostate carcinoma), while berberine was the most active to DU145 cells (IC50 of 4.99 μM). This alkaloid compound also potently inhibited the production of
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31

Honjo, Toyoyuki, and Hidehisa Yoshida. "Effect of Trunk Swinging Behaviors on Planar Bipedal Walking with an Upper Body on Gentle Slope." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 31, no. 5 (October 20, 2019): 686–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2019.p0686.

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Bipedal walking locomotion is one of the characteristics of human behavior. Both the lower body and the upper body (trunk) behaviors affect walking characteristics. To achieve a suitable gait, it is important to understand the effect of the trunk behavior. Therefore, in this paper, the effects of three types of trunk swinging behavior on planar bipedal gait in a model with an upper body – forward swinging, backward swinging, and no swinging – were evaluated using numerical simulations. To reduce control inputs and reflect the effect of upper body behavior, an underactuated bipedal walker witho
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32

Takeda, Haruna, Alistair G. Rust, Jerrold M. Ward, Christopher Chin Kuan Yew, Nancy A. Jenkins, and Neal G. Copeland. "Sleeping Beauty transposon mutagenesis identifies genes that cooperate with mutant Smad4 in gastric cancer development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 14 (March 22, 2016): E2057—E2065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603223113.

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Mutations in SMAD4 predispose to the development of gastrointestinal cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. To identify genes driving gastric cancer (GC) development, we performed a Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon mutagenesis screen in the stomach of Smad4+/− mutant mice. This screen identified 59 candidate GC trunk drivers and a much larger number of candidate GC progression genes. Strikingly, 22 SB-identified trunk drivers are known or candidate cancer genes, whereas four SB-identified trunk drivers, including PTEN, SMAD4, RNF43, and NF1, are known human GC trunk
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33

Sorensen, Christopher J., Omid Haddad, Samuel Campbell, and Gary A. Mirka. "The effect of stance width on trunk kinematics and trunk kinetics during sagitally symmetric lifting." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 41, no. 2 (March 2011): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2010.12.007.

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Jensen, Robert K., Tina Treitz, and Sylvie Doucet. "Prediction of Human Segment Inertias during Pregnancy." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 12, no. 1 (February 1996): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.12.1.15.

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The purpose of this study was to develop prediction equations to estimate mass, radius to the center of mass (CM), and principal moments of the segments during pregnancy. Nonlinear regression equations were determined for the lower trunk, upper trunk, and thigh. The third sampling month of a longitudinal study was used (Sample 1,n= 15). The nonlinear regressions were then used to predict segment inertias above and below the third sampling month (Sample 2, the remaining 74 measurements). For the remaining segments, body mass and segment lengths were used as predictor variables for mass, radius
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35

Kumar, Shrawan, Ronald M. Dufresne, and and Tinie Van Schoort. "Human Trunk Strength Profile in Lateral Flexion and Axial Rotation." Spine 20, no. 2 (January 1995): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199501150-00007.

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36

Promayon, Emmanuel, and Pierre Baconnier. "A 3D discrete model of the diaphragm and human trunk." ESAIM: Proceedings 23 (2008): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/proc:082305.

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37

Alsharif, Mohammed, Khalid Taha, Abubaker Elamin, and Khalid Al-Dosari. "Behavioral Anatomy of the Celiac Trunk Based on Human Embryology." British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research 14, no. 11 (January 10, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjmmr/2016/23879.

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38

KAWAGUCHI, Masato, Shoichiro TAKEHARA, and Tatsuo UNNO. "Estimating of control parameters of human motion using trunk model." Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2016.25 (2016): 3205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2016.25.3205.

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39

Groen, G. J., B. Baljet, A. B. Boekelaar, and J. Drukker. "Branches of the thoracic sympathetic trunk in the human fetus." Anatomy and Embryology 176, no. 4 (September 1987): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00310082.

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40

Hun-Ok Lim and K. Tanie. "Collision-tolerant control of human-friendly robot with viscoelastic trunk." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 4, no. 4 (1999): 417–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/3516.809520.

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41

Brown, Stephen H. M., and Stuart M. McGill. "The relationship between trunk muscle activation and trunk stiffness: examining a non-constant stiffness gain." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 13, no. 6 (December 2010): 829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255841003630652.

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42

Peng, Junfeng, Xuguang Wang, and Lisa Denninger. "Effects of Anthropometric Variables and Seat Height on Automobile Drivers’ Preferred Posture With the Presence of the Clutch." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 60, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720817741040.

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Objective The effects of seat height and anthropometric dimensions on drivers’ preferred postures were investigated using a multiadjustable vehicle mock-up with a large number of adjustments and extended ranges. Background Many studies have been conducted on preferred driving posture under different test conditions showing mixed and even contradictory findings. No studies thus far have considered the clutch and compared Chinese and European drivers. Method Four seat height conditions were tested: free and three imposed heights (250, 300, and 350 mm). Sixty-one subjects (40 French-born and 21 C
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43

Nedergaard, Niels J., Jasper Verheul, Barry Drust, Terence Etchells, Paulo Lisboa, Mark A. Robinson, and Jos Vanrenterghem. "The feasibility of predicting ground reaction forces during running from a trunk accelerometry driven mass-spring-damper model." PeerJ 6 (December 20, 2018): e6105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6105.

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Background Monitoring the external ground reaction forces (GRF) acting on the human body during running could help to understand how external loads influence tissue adaptation over time. Although mass-spring-damper (MSD) models have the potential to simulate the complex multi-segmental mechanics of the human body and predict GRF, these models currently require input from measured GRF limiting their application in field settings. Based on the hypothesis that the acceleration of the MSD-model’s upper mass primarily represents the acceleration of the trunk segment, this paper explored the feasibi
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44

Logan, David, Yuri P. Ivanenko, Tim Kiemel, Germana Cappellini, Francesca Sylos-Labini, Francesco Lacquaniti, and John J. Jeka. "Function dictates the phase dependence of vision during human locomotion." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01062.2012.

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In human and animal locomotion, sensory input is thought to be processed in a phase-dependent manner. Here we use full-field transient visual scene motion toward or away from subjects walking on a treadmill. Perturbations were presented at three phases of walking to test 1) whether phase dependence is observed for visual input and 2) whether the nature of phase dependence differs across body segments. Results demonstrated that trunk responses to approaching perturbations were only weakly phase dependent and instead depended primarily on the delay from the perturbation. Recording of kinematic a
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Lim, Hun-Ok, and Kazuo Tanie. "Human Safety Mechanisms of Human-Friendly Robots: Passive Viscoelastic Trunk and Passively Movable Base." International Journal of Robotics Research 19, no. 4 (April 2000): 307–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02783640022066888.

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46

Alvarez, Luis, Antonia Aránega, Celia Vélez, Consolación Melguizo, Amanda R. González, and Robert Saucedo. "Morphometric study of the great arterial trunks and their branches in the human fetal heart with perimembranous ventricular septal defects." Cardiology in the Young 7, no. 1 (January 1997): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100005862.

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AbstractMorphometric methods were used to study the great arterial trunks in a total of 22 human fetuses and newborn subjects weighing from 1 to 3.8 kg (mean 2.22 ± 0.85 kg). All specimens displayed concordant atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial connections, and all had perimembranous ventricular septal defects. Thirteen different parameters were measured in each specimen, comprising the orifices of the great arterial trunks, ascending aorta, vessels branching from the aortic arch, the aortic isthmus, descending aorta, pulmonary trunk, orifices of the pulmonary arteries, and arterial duct.
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47

Karamanoglu, M., D. E. Gallagher, A. P. Avolio, and M. F. O'Rourke. "Functional origin of reflected pressure waves in a multibranched model of the human arterial system." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 267, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): H1681—H1688. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1994.267.5.h1681.

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The effects of wave travel and wave reflection were simulated in a mathematical model of the whole arterial tree consisting of 142 uniform transmission line segments. The arterial model was partitioned into three separate segments: upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs. Aging was simulated by increasing average pulse wave velocities of these segments (10.9–12.9, 8.0–11.7, and 9.0–11.3 m/s for upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs, respectively). Reflection coefficients at the terminal elements were altered to simulate vasodilation (0.0) and vasoconstriction (0.95). The impedance patterns and spati
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48

Noamani, Alireza, Albert H. Vette, and Hossein Rouhani. "Nonlinear response of human trunk musculature explains neuromuscular stabilization mechanisms in sitting posture." Journal of Neural Engineering 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 026045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/ac63ed.

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Abstract Objective. Determining the roles of underlying mechanisms involved in stabilizing the human trunk during sitting is a fundamental challenge in human motor control. However, distinguishing their roles requires understanding their complex interrelations and describing them with physiologically meaningful neuromechanical parameters. The literature has shown that such mechanistic understanding contributes to diagnosing and improving impaired balance as well as developing assistive technologies for restoring trunk stability. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive characterization of t
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S Kantharaj Naik, S.A. Premchand, and W Benjamin. "Anatomical Variations in Branching Pattern of Arch of Aorta – A Cadaveric Study in South Indian Population." Academia Anatomica International 6, no. 2 (December 22, 2020): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/aanat.2020.6.2.15.

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Background: Knowledge of the branching pattern of arch of aorta is important in avoiding surgical and accidental injuries during aortic instru- mentation, thoracic and neck surgeries. Subjects and Methods: The present study is based on dissections that were performed on 50 properly embalmed human cadaver specimens. The anatomical variations of arch of aorta and its branches, diameter of its branches at site of origin and distance of each branch from the point of origin to median plane were measured. Results: The usual three branched pattern of arch of aorta was found in 36 specimens (72%). The
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50

Smaoui, Hichem, Sadok Mehrez, and Mohamed Omri. "Numerical Identification of Deep Muscle Residual Tensions (Tones) Based on Multi-Directional Trunk Stiffness Data." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 20, 2022): 11802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211802.

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This work proposes an identification methodology to estimate the residual tension values (tones) for the human trunk muscles, including the deep ones, using multidirectional trunk stiffness data in association with numerical modeling. The role of this residual muscle tension or contraction is to maintain posture and balance. Knowledge of the tone is useful for the diagnosis and treatment of several spinal diseases and is important for realistic modeling and numerical simulation of trunk behavior. Most of the existing techniques for the measurement and estimation of muscle tones, such as electr
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