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Libros sobre el tema "Human brain- Neuroimaging"

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Publicado: 6 de septiembre de 2023

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1

Frank, Rösler, ed. Neuroimaging of human memory: Linking cognitive processes to neural systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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2

Frank, Rösler, ed. Neuroimaging of human memory: Linking cognitive processes to neural systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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3

Press, National Academy. Neuroimaging of Human Brain Function. National Academy Press, 1999.

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4

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (NAS Colloquium) Neuroimaging of Human Brain Function. National Academies Press, 1998.

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5

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (NAS Colloquium) Neuroimaging of Human Brain Function. National Academies Press, 1998.

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6

Bigler, Erin D. Neuroimaging I (Human Brain Function: Assessment and Rehabilitation). Springer, 1996.

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7

Bigler, Erin D. Neuroimaging II (Human Brain Function: Assessment and Rehabilitation). Springer, 1996.

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8

Annese, Jacopo. Neuroimaging Atlas of the Human Brain: MRI, DTI, and Histology. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2021.

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9

Papadelis, Christos, Patricia Ellen Grant, Yoshio Okada y Hubert Preissl, eds. Magnetoencephalography: an emerging neuroimaging tool for studying normal and abnormal human brain development. Frontiers Media SA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-658-6.

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10

Seeman, Philip y Bertha Madras. Imaging of the Human Brain in Health and Disease. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2013.

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11

Imaging of the Human Brain in Health and Disease. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2013.

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12

London, Edythe D. y Chelsea L. Robertson. Molecular Neuroimaging in Addictive Disorders. Editado por Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar y Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0045.

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Molecular neuroimaging, using nuclear medicine procedures to evaluate brain function and markers for specific neurochemical systems, has substantially advanced the understanding of brain dysfunction linked to addictive disorders. Neuroimaging studies of human subjects and animal models has provided fundamental information on the neurobiology of vulnerability to addiction as well as the acute effects of drugs of abuse and the sequelae of chronic use, including the persistent states that maintain addiction and lead to relapse in those who initiate drug abstinence. A common theme that has emerged from decades of brain imaging points to frontostriatal dysfunction, which is a therapeutic target.
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13

Strakowski, Stephen, ed. The Bipolar Brain. 2a ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197574522.001.0001.

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Bipolar disorder is the 6th leading cause of disability worldwide and causes substantial morbidity and mortality among its sufferers. The estimated costs of bipolar disorder are enormous, approaching $50 billion annually in the United States alone. The societal and personal suffering caused by this condition is immeasurable. Nonetheless, despite its public health significance, bipolar disorder remains difficult to diagnosis and complicated to manage. A major factor contributing to these difficulties is that there is no established neurophysiological model for bipolar disorder. Such a model might provide objective measures for diagnosis, as well as physiological parameters to monitor and predict treatment response. Since the first edition of this text, neuroimaging and genetic techniques continue to advance new leads toward clarifying the neurophysiological basis of bipolar illness. In the absence of meaningful animal models of this uniquely human condition, neuroimaging has truly revolutionized the study of bipolar disorder. Moreover, because bipolar disorder is clearly familial, genetic studies are critical to define the complex molecular basis of the condition. Consequently, we are at a point in which integration of neuroimaging and genetic findings is possible and may position us to identify these very neurophysiological models needed to support the next generation of research. The goal of this 2nd edition is to provide an updated review of neuroimaging and genetic research in bipolar disorder to provide a model of illness that might inform future studies. We hope that the reader finds it useful.
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14

Beck, Diane M. y Sabine Kastner. Neural Systems for Spatial Attention in the Human Brain. Editado por Anna C. (Kia) Nobre y Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.011.

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Spatial attention has been studied for over a half a century. Early behavioural work showed that attending to a location improves performance on a variety of tasks. Since then substantial progress has been made on understanding the neural mechanisms underlying these effects. This chapter reviews the neuroimaging literature, as well as related behavioural and single-cell physiology studies, on visual spatial attention. In particular, the chapter frames much of the work in the context of the biased competition theory of attention, which argues that a primary mechanism of attention is to bias competition among stimuli in the visual cortex in favour of an attended stimulus that, as a result, receives enhanced processing to guide behaviour. Accordingly, the authors have organized this chapter into two related sections. The first summarizes the effects of attention in the visual cortex and thalamus, the so-called ‘site’ of attention. The second explores the relationship between attention and fronto-parietal mechanisms which are thought to be the ‘source’ of the biasing signals exerted on the visual cortex.
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15

Downar, Jonathan. Neuroimaging evidence for the representation of salience in the neural correlates of attention and awareness in the human brain. 2002.

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16

Hagoort, Peter, ed. Human Language. The MIT Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10841.001.0001.

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A unique overview of the human language faculty at all levels of organization. Language is not only one of the most complex cognitive functions that we command, it is also the aspect of the mind that makes us uniquely human. Research suggests that the human brain exhibits a language readiness not found in the brains of other species. This volume brings together contributions from a range of fields to examine humans' language capacity from multiple perspectives, analyzing it at genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and linguistic levels. In recent decades, advances in computational modeling, neuroimaging, and genetic sequencing have made possible new approaches to the study of language, and the contributors draw on these developments. The book examines cognitive architectures, investigating the functional organization of the major language skills; learning and development trajectories, summarizing the current understanding of the steps and neurocognitive mechanisms in language processing; evolutionary and other preconditions for communication by means of natural language; computational tools for modeling language; cognitive neuroscientific methods that allow observations of the human brain in action, including fMRI, EEG/MEG, and others; the neural infrastructure of language capacity; the genome's role in building and maintaining the language-ready brain; and insights from studying such language-relevant behaviors in nonhuman animals as birdsong and primate vocalization. Section editorsChristian F. Beckmann, Carel ten Cate, Simon E. Fisher, Peter Hagoort, Evan Kidd, Stephen C. Levinson, James M. McQueen, Antje S. Meyer, David Poeppel, Caroline F. Rowland, Constance Scharff, Ivan Toni, Willem Zuidema
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17

Staff, Scientific American y Judith Horstman. Scientific American Brave New Brain: How Neuroscience, Brain-Machine Interfaces, Neuroimaging, Psychopharmacology, Epigenetics, the Internet, and Our Own Minds Are Stimulating and Enhancing the Future of Mental Power. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2010.

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18

Ribary, Urs, Alex L. MacKay, Alexander Rauscher, Christine M. Tipper, Deborah E. Giaschi, Todd S. Woodward, Vesna Sossi et al. Emerging neuroimaging technologies: Toward future personalized diagnostics, prognosis, targeted intervention, and ethical challenges. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786832.003.0002.

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The human brain is a fine-tuned and balanced structural, functional, and dynamic electrochemical system. Any alterations, from slight slowing of partial brain networks to severe disruptions in structural, functional, and dynamic connectivity across local and large-scale brain networks will result in slight to severe changes in cognitive ability, awareness, and consciousness. Using future noninvasive technologies, the common goal is to relate typical or atypical resting-state, sensory-motor functions, cognition, and consciousness to underlying typical or altered quantified brain structure, biochemistry, pathways, functional brain networks, and connectivity. This will pose enormous ethical challenges of quantitative diagnostic and prognostic strategies in future neurologic and psychiatric clinical practice.
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19

Papanicolaou, Andrew C., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Functional Brain Imaging in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.001.0001.

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A large part of the contemporary literature involves functional neuroimaging. Yet few readers are sufficiently familiar with the various imaging methods, their capabilities and limitations, to appraise it correctly. To fulfill that need is the purpose of this Handbook, which consists of an accessible description of the methods and their clinical and research applications. The Handbook begins with an overview of basic concepts of functional brain imaging, magnetoencephalography and the use of magnetic source imaging (MSI), positron emission tomography (PET), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The authors then discuss the various research applications of imaging, such as white matter connectivity; the function of the default mode network; the possibility and the utility of imaging of consciousness; the search for mnemonic traces of concepts the mechanisms of the encoding, consolidation, and retrieval of memories; executive functions and their neuroanatomical mechanisms; voluntary actions, human will and decision-making; motor cognition; language and the mechanisms of affective states and pain. The final chapter discusses the uses of functional neuroimaging in the presurgical mapping of the brain.
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20

Fins, Joseph J. Neuroethics and neurotechnology: Instrumentality and human rights. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786832.003.0031.

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If neuroethics is distinct from mainstream medical ethics, it is an ethics of technology, framing and posing novel questions that have normative implications. For example, advances in functional neuroimaging have informed our understanding of disorders of consciousness, posing questions about our ethical obligations to individuals now appreciated to be in liminal states of consciousness. Although this new knowledge derives from technological progress, technology alone can not address the ethical implications of our expanded gaze into the injured brain. To fully apprehend the meaning and significance of this new knowledge necessitates a response that is more than technical, requiring substantive contributions from the humanities and social sciences. Interdisciplinary inquiry can help inform and sustain scientific progress and realize the instrumentality of technology in advancing the human rights of individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions.
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21

van de Ven, Vincent, Henry Otgaar y Mark L. Howe. A Neurobiological Account of False Memories. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190612016.003.0005.

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This chapter discusses human functional neuroimaging findings about how the brain creates true and false memories. These studies have shown that different brain systems contribute to the creation and retrieval of false memories, including systems for sensory perception, executive functioning and cognitive control, and the medial temporal lobe, which has long been associated with episodic and autobiographical memory formation. Many neuroimaging findings provide support for an associative account of false memories, which proposes that false memories arise from associating unrelated mental experiences in memory. At the same time, other neuroimaging findings suggest that false memory creation may depend on states of brain activity during memory encoding. Finally, the chapter briefly provides cautionary notes about using functional neuroimaging as a tool to assess private mental states in individual cases in the courtroom.
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22

Turner, Martin R., Matthew C. Kiernan y Kevin Talbot. Technical advances in neuroscience. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199658602.003.0001.

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This chapter highlights key technological advances in neuroimaging, the understanding of impulse transmission, and the molecular biology of the nervous system that have underpinned our modern understanding of the brain, mind, and nervous system. Neuroimaging spans the sub-cellular and systems levels of neuroscience, beginning with electron microscopy and then, 50 years later, magnetic resonance imaging and increasingly sophisticated mathematical modelling of brain function. These developments have been interleaved with the improved understanding of neurotransmission, starting with the seminal observations made from giant squid axon recordings, which were translated into clinically useable tools through the application of electric current, and later with magnetic stimulation. It is during the last 50 years that a molecular framework for these concepts emerged, with the cloning of genes that began in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, paving the way for the wider human genome project.
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23

Zhou, Juan y William W. Seeley. Brain Circuits. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190233563.003.0007.

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Each neurodegenerative disease is defined by selectively vulnerable neurons, regions, networks, and functions, as well as genetic risk factors. In the past decade, new network-sensitive neuroimaging methods have made it possible to test the notion of network-based degeneration in living humans. This chapter focuses on two common causes of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but uses these diseases to illustrate class-wide neurodegeneration principles whenever possible. It first introduces two key concepts of neurodegenerative disease selective vulnerability: onset and progression. In parallel, it addresses two distinct but related observations about neurodegenerative disease: clinico-anatomical convergence and phenotypic heterogeneity. It then examines disease onset and models of progression in more detail, based on available neuroimaging evidence. Finally, it touches on the most important frontiers in the field of network-based neurodegeneration.
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24

Chamberlain, Samuel R. Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Trichotillomania. Editado por Jon E. Grant y Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0039.

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Trichotillomania is a psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent hair pulling, leading to hair loss and functional impairment. This chapter reviews the phenomenology and epidemiology of trichotillomania, and considers its relationship with putative obsessive-compulsive spectrum conditions and other body-focused repetitive behaviors. Salient animal models of the disorder, along with findings in human patients using neuroimaging and cognitive probes, are summarized. A brain-based model of trichotillomania is formulated, focusing on affect dysregulation, addiction, and impulse dyscontrol. Finally, the chapter flags cardinal questions for the attention of future clinical and research scrutiny.
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25

Lifshitz, Michael, Eli Sheiner y Laurence J. Kirmayer. Cultural Neurophenomenology of Psychedelic Thought. Editado por Kalina Christoff y Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.4.

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This chapter explores psychedelics as catalysts of spontaneous thought. Classic serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca can induce potent alterations in cognition and perception. The chapter reviews research on these substances through the lens of cultural neurophenomenology, which aims to trace how neurobiology and sociocultural factors interact to shape experience. After a decades-long hiatus, the scientific study of psychedelics is rediscovering the potential of these substances to promote creative insight, evoke mystical experiences, and improve clinical outcomes. Moreover, neuroimaging experiments have begun to unravel the influence of psychedelics on large-scale connectivity networks of the human brain. Tapping perspectives from the social sciences, the chapter underscores how culture and context constrain the flexible cognitive states brought about by psychedelics. This integrative approach suggests that seemingly spontaneous psychedelic thought patterns reflect a complex interaction of biological, cognitive, and cultural factors—from pharmacology and brain function to ritual, belief, and expectation.
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26

Zamarian, L. y Margarete Delazer. Arithmetic Learning in Adults. Editado por Roi Cohen Kadosh y Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.007.

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Neuroimaging has significantly contributed to our understanding of human learning by tracking the neural correlates underlying the acquisition of new expertise. Studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggest that the acquisition of arithmetic competence is reflected in a decrease of activation in frontal brain regions and a relative increase of activation in parietal brain regions that are important for arithmetic processing. Activation of the angular gyrus (AG) is related to fact learning, skilled retrieval, and level of automatization. fMRI investigations extend the findings of cognitive studies showing that behavioural differences between trained and untrained sets of items, between different arithmetic operations, and between different training strategies are reflected by specific activation patterns. fMRI studies also reveal inter-individual differences related to arithmetic competence, with low performing individuals showing lower AG activation when answering calculation problems. Importantly, training attenuates inter-individual differences in AG activation. Studies with calculation experts suggest that different strategies may be used to achieve extraordinary performance. While some experts recruit a more extended cerebral network compared with the average population, others use the same frontoparietal network, but more efficiently. In conclusion, brain imaging studies on arithmetic learning and expertise offer a promising view on the adaptivity of the human brain. Although evidence on functional or structural modifications following intervention in dyscalculic patients is still scarce, future studies may contribute to the development of more efficient and targeted rehabilitation programmes after brain damage or in cases of atypical numerical development.
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27

Merabet, Lotfi y Alvaro Pascual-Leone. Studies of Crossmodal Functions with TMS. Editado por Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann y Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0029.

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In the brain, information from all the senses interacts and is integrated in order to create a unified sensory percept. Some percepts appear unimodal, and some, cross modal. Unimodal percepts can be modified by crossmodal interactions given that our brains process multiple streams of sensory information in parallel and promote extensive interactions. TMS can provide valuable insights on the neural substrates associated with multisensory processing in humans. TMS is commonly described as a ‘relatively painless’ method of stimulating the brain noninvasively. However, TMS itself is strong multisensory and this should be considered while interpreting the results. With regard to the crossmodal sensory changes that follow sensory deprivation, these changes can be revealed using a variety of methods including the combination of TMS with neuroimaging.
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28

Zorumski, Charles y Eugene Rubin. Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199768769.001.1.

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This resource examines recent developments in the field of network neuroscience and their potential impact on clinical psychiatry, including the way that psychiatrists are trained and interact with other medical specialties and mental health professionals. It discusses how research in neuroscience is revolutionizing how we think about psychiatric diagnosis and treatment, and how understanding how the neural networks that underlie these mental functions become dysfunctional holds great promise for devising innovative approaches to diagnosis and treatment. It covers recent advances in human functional neuroimaging, which is being used to characterize the activity of specific brain circuits at rest and during the performance of specific tasks, as well as advances in clinical neuroscience that are being coupled with expanding knowledge about genetics and cellular and synaptic neuroscience. Taken together, these advancements offer the hope of much more mechanism-based approaches to treatment in the future.
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29

Operskalski, Joachim T. y Aron K. Barbey. Cognitive Neuroscience of Causal Reasoning. Editado por Michael R. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.013.16.

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The era of functional neuroimaging promised to shed light on dark corners of the brain’s inner workings, breathing new life into subfields of psychology beset by controversy. Although revelations from neuroscience provide the foundation for current views on many aspects of human cognition, there continue to be areas of study in which a mismatch between the questions asked by psychologists and neuroscientists renders the implications of neuroscience research unclear. Causal reasoning is one such topic, for which decades of cognitive neuroscience findings have revealed a heterogeneity of participating brain regions and networks across different experimental paradigms. This chapter discusses (i) three cognitive and computational models of causal reasoning (mental models, causal models, and force composition theory), (ii) experimental findings on causal judgment and reasoning using cognitive neuroscience methods, and (iii) the need for a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the nature and mechanisms of causal reasoning.
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30

Spence, Charles. Orienting Attention. Editado por Anna C. (Kia) Nobre y Sabine Kastner. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675111.013.015.

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The last 30 years or so have seen a rapid rise in research on attentional orienting from a crossmodal perspective. The majority of this research has tended to focus on the consequences of the covert orienting of attention (either to a sensory modality or spatial location) for both perception and neural information processing. The results of numerous studies have now highlighted the robust crossmodal links that exist in the case of both overt and covert, and both exogenous and endogenous spatial orienting. Neuroimaging studies have started to highlight the neural circuits underlying such crossmodal effects. Researchers are increasingly using transcranial magnetic stimulation in order to lesion temporarily putative areas within these networks; the aim of such research often being to determine whether attentional orienting is controlled by supramodal versus modality-specific neural systems that are somehow linked (this is known as the ‘separable-but-linked’ hypothesis). The available research demonstrates that crossmodal attentional orienting (and multisensory integration—from which it is sometimes hard to distinguish) can affect the very earliest stages of information processing in the human brain.
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31

Logie, Robert, Valerie Camos y Nelson Cowan, eds. Working Memory. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842286.001.0001.

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Working memory refers to how we keep track of what we are doing moment to moment throughout our waking lives. It allows us to remember what we have just done, focus on what we are doing now, to solve problems, be creative, think about what we will be doing in the next few seconds, and continually to update in our mind changes around us throughout the day. This book brings together in one volume, state-of-the-science chapters written by some of the most productive and well-known working memory researchers worldwide. Chapters cover leading-edge research on working memory, using behavioural experimental techniques, neuroimaging, computational modelling, development across the healthy human lifespan, and studies of neurodegenerative disease and focal brain damage. A unique feature of the book is that each chapter starts with answers to a set of common questions for all authors. This allows readers very rapidly to compare key differences in theoretical assumptions and approaches to working memory across chapters, and to understand the theoretical context before going on to read each chapter in detail. All authors also have been asked to consider evidence that is not consistent with their theoretical assumptions. It is very common for authors to ignore contradictory evidence. This approach has led to new interpretations and new hypotheses for future research to greatly enhance our understanding of this crucial human ability.
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32

Fox, Kieran C. R. y Manesh Girn. Neural Correlates of Self-Generated Imagery and Cognition Throughout the Sleep Cycle. Editado por Kalina Christoff y Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.16.

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Humans have been aware for thousands of years that sleep comes in many forms, accompanied by different kinds of mental content. This chapter reviews the first-person report literature on the frequency and type of content experienced in various stages of sleep, showing that different sleep stages are dissociable at the subjective level. It then relates these subjective differences to the growing literature differentiating the various sleep stages at the neurophysiological level, including evidence from electrophysiology, neurochemistry, and functional neuroimaging. The authors suggest that there is emerging evidence for relationships between sleep stage, neurophysiological activity, and subjective experiences. Specifically, they emphasize that functional neuroimaging work suggests a parallel between activation and deactivation of default network and visual network brain areas and the varying frequency and intensity of imagery and dream mentation across sleep stages; additionally, frontoparietal control network activity across sleep stages may parallel levels of cognitive control and meta-awareness.
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33

Calvert, Gemma A., Charles Spence y Barry E. Stein, eds. The Handbook of Multisensory Processes. The MIT Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/3422.001.0001.

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A reference work for the emerging field of multisensory integration, covering multidisciplinary research that goes beyond the traditional "sense-by-sense" approach and recognizes that perception is fundamentally a multisensory experience. This landmark reference work brings together for the first time in one volume the most recent research from different areas of the emerging field of multisensory integration. After many years of using a modality-specific "sense-by-sense" approach, researchers across different disciplines in neuroscience and psychology now recognize that perception is fundamentally a multisensory experience. To understand how the brain synthesizes information from the different senses, we must study not only how information from each sensory modality is decoded but also how this information interacts with the sensory processing taking place within other sensory channels. The findings cited in The Handbook of Multisensory Processes suggest that there are broad underlying principles that govern this interaction, regardless of the specific senses involved. The book is organized thematically into eight sections; each of the 55 chapters presents a state-of-the-art review of its topic by leading researchers in the field. The key themes addressed include multisensory contributions to perception in humans; whether the sensory integration involved in speech perception is fundamentally different from other kinds of multisensory integration; multisensory processing in the midbrain and cortex in model species, including rat, cat, and monkey; behavioral consequences of multisensory integration; modern neuroimaging techniques, including EEG, PET, and fMRI, now being used to reveal the many sites of multisensory processing in the brain; multisensory processes that require postnatal sensory experience to emerge, with examples from multiple species; brain specialization and possible equivalence of brain regions; and clinical studies of such breakdowns of normal sensory integration as brain damage and synesthesia. Bradford Books imprint
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