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1
Melsom, Blair. "Artificial Intelligence: Creating Post-Human Beings". ITNOW 62, n.º 2 (8 de mayo de 2020): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/itnow/bwaa058.
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Abstract What does it mean to be human? That’s the existential question award-winning artist Cecilie Waagner Falkenstrøm has lately been using machine learning technologies to explore. Here, she talks to Blair Melsom AMBCS about how art, science fiction and algorithms converge to provoke thoughts on the ethics of future humanised technology.
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Parfit, Derek. "We Are Not Human Beings". Philosophy 87, n.º 1 (enero de 2012): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819111000520.
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We can start with some science fiction. Here on Earth, I enter the Teletransporter. When I press some button, a machine destroys my body, while recording the exact states of all my cells. This information is sent by radio to Mars, where another machine makes, out of organic materials, a perfect copy of my body. The person who wakes up on Mars seems to remember living my life up to the moment when I pressed the button, and is in every other way just like me.
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Richards, Isabel y Anna-Sophie Jürgens. "Being the environment: Conveying environmental fragility and sustainability through Indigenous biocultural knowledge in contemporary Indigenous Australian science fiction". Journal of Science & Popular Culture 4, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2021): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jspc_00031_1.
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In contemporary Indigenous Australian fiction, all (non-)human animals, plants and the land are interconnected and interdependent. They are aware that they are not in the environment but are the environment. The planet and its non-human inhabitants have a creative agency and capacity for experience that demands our ethical consideration. In this article we investigate how Ambelin Kwaymullina’s Tribe novels and Ellen van Neerven’s novella Water empower environmental awareness by promoting sustainability and protection of the environment – within their fictional worlds and beyond. We argue that the human–nature relationship explored in these science fiction texts conveys the importance of Indigenous biocultural knowledge for resolving twenty-first-century global challenges. We clarify the role of fictional texts in the broader cultural debate on the power and importance of Indigenous biocultural knowledge as a complement to western (scientific) understanding and communication of environmental vulnerability and sustainability. Contemporary Indigenous Australian literature, this article shows, evokes sympathy in readers, inspires an ecocentric view of the world and thus paves the path for a sustainable transformation of society, which has been recognized as the power of fiction. Indigenous Australian fiction texts help us to rethink what it means to be human in terms of our relationship to other living beings and our responsibility to care for our planet in a holistic and intuitive way.
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Nandi, Shibasambhu. "Science Fiction and Film: An Analytical Study of Two Select Indian Movies". International Journal of English Learning & Teaching Skills 5, n.º 4 (3 de julio de 2023): 3438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/ijelts.5407.
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Science fiction is a genre of art that caters to the popular taste of the people. It presents a world mixed with science and fictional elements. It can be taken as a microcosm of fictional literature. It uses to present unfamiliar and unknown things in a familiar and known way. It provides its diverse themes and issues not only in texts but also in films. When science fiction is adapted into movies, it is able to attract a large number of audiences specially the young generation of writers. Science fictional films cover the issues like future society, challenges created by scientific developments, human enhancement through science and technology, human-machine clash, hybrid identity, world of aliens, and Artificial Intelligences. There are many films in western countries covering the issue of science fiction. Production houses designed the films in such a way that it can make an appeal to the audience. Even in India, there are several science fiction films. From 1952 to the present, Indian cinema contributes a lot by producing one after another attracting films on the theme of science fiction. The present paper is going to analyze two films Koi...Mill Gaya and its sequel Krish 3 from the perspectives of science fiction. The paper will also try to present the history of science fiction films in India and in the West. It attempts to depict the science fictional elements and new techniques shown in the films. These films are the representations of future society which accepts the inhabitation of different beings like modified human, superhuman and aliens.
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Nigst, Lorenz. "Druze Reincarnation in Fiction". Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 19 (1 de agosto de 2019): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jais.7048.
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In the Druze outlook, each human soul completes successive life-circuits as different human beings. If one of these human beings dies, the soul immediately migrates to the body of a newborn child. Normally, it is unknown who the soul was previously. However, in exceptional cases, mostly young children remember and “speak” about a previous life that usually came to an unexpected and tragic end. This also represents the backdrop of Anīs Yaḥyà’s novel Jasad kāna lī, which is set in a Druze context and revolves around a murder case and a little girl that remembers her death and names her murderer. The subject of transmigration is omnipresent in the novel. As this article seeks to show, this turns the novel into a highly relevant source for anthropological research into the Druze understanding of transmigration. The novel not only corroborates respective findings, but also complements them and thus contributes to a fuller understanding of the social and discursive presence of transmigration and “speaking” in Druze contexts. At the same time, anthropological research seems essential for a more profound understanding of this particular thematic dimension of the novel.
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Bozia, Eleni. "Lucian of Samosata’s Imaginative Divine and Human Landscapes". Preternature: Critical and Historical Studies on the Preternatural 13, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2024): 176–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/preternature.13.1.0176.
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ABSTRACT This article presents Lucian’s theocentric works through the lens of fictional narratology and sociopragmatics and argues that he builds imaginary worlds that feature delinquent gods, regretful and spiteful corpses that contemplate life, and lands inhabited by lamp-shaped beings to explore humanity’s exploration of life and religious beliefs. More specifically, The Parliament of the Gods, Zeus Catechized, Zeus Rants, On Sacrifices, Dialogues of the Gods, Menippus, Icaromenippus, and the True Story are closely studied to argue that Lucian conceptualizes the quest into life’s unknowns by engineering imaginary worlds, estranging the normal, and questioning ground truths about life. Ultimately, he actualizes literary fiction to explain theology and philosophical inquiries and their implications for everyday people.
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Fu, Li. "Language Control in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World". Studies in Linguistics and Literature 7, n.º 4 (14 de noviembre de 2023): p187. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sll.v7n4p187.
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Brave New World by Aldous Huxley is one of three most famous dystopian fictions. In the fiction Huxley depicted a future new world where advanced science and technology are largely used to suppress human beings. By depicting differences against tradition and demonstrating inevitable conflict between old tradition and civilized culture, Huxley expressed his concern and fear for problems of the day like overpopulation and overwhelming scientific impact on human beings. In order to pursue happiness and stability, the controllers use a series of instruments like ectogenesis, neo-Pavlovian conditioning and hypnopaedia to control human beings. Language plays a critical and irreplaceable role in the new world as a form of controlling.The main body of this thesis is divided into three chapters: language control of political consciousness, language control of moral education and language control of conventional finiteness. The conclusion of this paper is control from the new world to men’s ideology relies on language control to a large extent, in other words, without language control the new world Huxley structured in Brave New World cannot work. Therefore, language control ought to not be neglected in literary research on Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World.
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송호림. "Posthuman Evolution: Evolutionary Relationships between Human Beings and Artificial Creatures in Science Fiction". English21 26, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2013): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35771/engdoi.2013.26.3.003.
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Brenner, Rachel Feldhay. "Jerzy Andrzejewski’s Holy Week: Testing Religious Ethics in Times of Atrocity". Holocaust and Genocide Studies 33, n.º 2 (2019): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcz025.
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Abstract Jerzy Andrzejewski wrote the novella Holy Week at the time of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. This real-time Polish fictional response immediately raised critical controversy. Whereas some critics saw it as an inadequate representation of the Holocaust, others considered the 1945 version a product of socialist realism. Here the author argues that Andrzejewski’s wartime fiction investigates the viability of his Catholic existentialist orientation during a time of terror. While his wartime essays and his correspondence with Czesław Miłosz reflected Andrzejewski’s struggle to maintain his faith in human brotherhood, his fiction traced the disintegration of Grace-given faith in the commonality and dignity of all human beings. The stories progress from a tragic ending of friendship to the failure of spiritual resistance and ultimately to the complete moral collapse of the Polish community. The unflinching depiction of the failure of Catholic Poles before their responsibility to extend neighborly love to their doomed Jewish neighbors communicates Andrzejewski’s insistence on the Catholic obligation to love one’s neighbor.
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Franklin-Brown, Mary. "Fugitive Figures". Romanic Review 111, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2020): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00358118-8007964.
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Abstract Through a study of early French romances, especially the Conte de Floire et Blancheflor and Alexandre de Paris’s Roman d’Alexandre, this essay offers a new approach to the automaton in medieval literature. Bruno Latour’s plural ontology, which elaborates on the earlier work of Gilbert Simondon and Étienne Souriau, provides a way to break down the division between the human mind and the world (and hence the mind and the machine), offering a rich understanding of the way in which the beings of technology [TEC], fiction [FIC], and religion [REL] act in concert upon us to inspire our desire for technological fictions.
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Petersson, Margareta y Anette Årheim. "Att läsa människor". Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 40, n.º 3-4 (1 de enero de 2010): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v40i3-4.11908.
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Reading Literature in Medical Education
In the several professional educations where human encounters are important in the professional practice, the theoretical curriculum is today completed with fiction. Medical education is an example and since the 1970s the so called medical humanities have had a great impact. Doctors need developing the clinical judgment and here, the representatives claim, the encounter with literary characters, might fill the gap between theory and practice. From an empirical material we discuss in this article some aspects of the use and function of fiction at one of the medical educations in our country where doctors interested in fiction conduct the seminars. The results show that literary characters are understood as human beings; through identifying with a character you are supposed to widen and deepen your knowledge of human beings. The students are encouraged to emotional involvement in stories and to make ethical standpoints. A fact complicating the results in our investigation is that the students’ literary competence does not correspond to what the conductors expect. The literary course is also lacking long term strategies. The results each course reaches thus depend on individual conductor’s interests and reading strategies.
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Koirala, Saroj. "Inclusion and Repression of Animal Figures in the Short Fiction of Chekhov and Bangdel". Literary Studies 33 (31 de marzo de 2020): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/litstud.v33i0.38065.
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Fiction is largely a domain of human beings having anthropocentrism as its organizing principle. However, the genre sometimes employs non-human animals too as characters which can be viewed as an innovative tool of modern narratology. Through the use of de-anthropomorphized characters such works provide space for an interpretation of animal behavior and their consciousness.
Universally, human beings have kept companion pets as domestic animals are believed to be sentient beings compared to wild ones. For instance, archeological records of 15 millenniums have reported that dogs used to live together with humans because of their faithful companionship. Animals, therefore, abound in literature across all ages and cultures, but only rarely have they been the focal point of systematic literary study (McHugh 487). As a result, more recent literary criticism has focused on the ethics and the politics of human-animal bonds (HAB), animal communication, animal emotion and so on.
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Azmat Shehzad y Dr Ghuncha Begum. "Social Realism in Khalid Fateh Muhammad’s Short Stories". DARYAFT 15, n.º 01 (22 de junio de 2023): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52015/daryaft.v15i01.334.
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Khalid Fateh Muhammad is a prominent writer of current era. He has gained prominence in Urdu fiction due to his unique style, thematic diversity, and technical expertise in the creation of fiction. He has keenly observed the society. This is the reason that his stories are full of psychological and sexual diverse attitude of human beings as well as social conflicts and problems. Being a social realist, he is the spokesman of his age. He has exposed hunger, poverty, greed, unfair distribution of capital, social injustices, and hypocritical attitude of humans in his short stories. In this article, the element of social realism in Khalid Fateh Muhammad’s stories will be discussed.
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Zubair, Hassan Bin, Syeda Sughra Naqvi y Saima Larik. "DISSIMILAR CULTURAL PATTERNS AND HYBRID IDENTITIES IN JAMIL AHMED'S SELECTED LITERARY FICTION". Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 9, n.º 3 (30 de junio de 2021): 1682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2021.93170.
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Purpose of the Study: The present research discusses shifting cultural location renders a hybrid identification in Ahmad's The Wandering Falcon. In having readjustment in a new location, a person imitates a way of living, ultimately redefining one's identity.
Methodology: The novel projects the pivotal character Tor Baz as a displaced person who adopts Mullah tribal culture to adjust to a new situation. As Bhabha's notion about hybrid identity shows, modern cultural locations are being formed where a person influences different cultural patterns.
Main Findings: Culture remains an inseparable factor in human beings, and every being belongs to a particular cultural identity. While shifting cultural locations, a person has to change the way of living in which the person faces dilemmatic as well as physical and psychological crises.
Application of the Study: The study contributes to the field of research in hybrid identification and cultural identities.
Novelty/originality of this Study: Culture remains an inseparable factor in human beings and every being belongs to a particular cultural identity. The originality of the research is that it studies the shift of cultural locations; a person has to change the way of living in which the person faces dilemmatic as well as physical and psychological crises.
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Ahrens, Jörn. "Der Mensch als Beute". Zeitschrift für Medien- und Kulturforschung, n.º 1 (2009): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/1000107497.
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Present-day Science-Fiction films repeatedly describe an obliteration of boundaries between human and other beings, and technical artefacts, which includes a threat to the human species. This motif relates to an anthropological fear of transformation of the human species due to advances in technology. This fear does not primarily refer to an invasion by extraterrestrial enemies, but to the anthropotechnization of man.
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Pauley, John. "Faulkner’s Tragic Fiction and the Impossibility of Theodicy". Janus Head 12, n.º 1 (2011): 292–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh201112122.
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The details of evil will sink any attempt at theodicy. But details of evil are usually- or even necessarily- lost in the abstract discussions of evil in philosophical texts. Hence this essay looks at the details of tragic fiction, specifically in some stories by Faulkner. The initial analysis endeavors to show that fiction gets us closer to the reality of agency than philosophy and so it then gets us closer to the reality of the evils that haunt both individuals and cultures (the two cannot be adequately separated). Finally, the details of the evil analyzed reveal that human beings are actually capable of a self-destruction that annihilates the very grounds of human agency and identity: Faulkner’s tragic fiction reveals that self-destruction is written into the necessary components of agency and identity.
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Finck, Shannon. "Clenched and Empty Fists: Trauma and Resistance Ethics in Han Kang’s Fiction". Humanities 11, n.º 6 (5 de diciembre de 2022): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11060149.
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Broadly speaking, the literary history of human–nonhuman metamorphoses conveys certain ethics regarding human-to-human relations by mediating these relations through metaphors of inhumanity. Where such transformations appear in the literature of the present, however, the human is often decentered, fostering an uneasy consort between human and nonhuman beings and ways of being. Taking the fiction of South Korean author, Han Kang, as a case study, this essay examines the political or civic value of reinvigorating vegetal or arboreal transformation in contemporary stories that unfold against a backdrop of global climate change and ecological collapse. I argue that Han’s work depicts the mimicry of or engagement with nonhuman forms of life as both passive strategies for resisting human acts of violence and exploitation and alternative models of sociality and care. Drawing especially on the unruliness of plants and non-animal organic matter, Han’s translated works invite readers to consider what human subjects can learn about both individual and networked, interspecies modes of protest from green subjectivity.
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Žiūraitė-Pupelė, Justina. "Dirbtinis intelektas moterišku kūnu filmuose Ex Machina ir Ji". Athena: filosofijos studijos 16 (30 de diciembre de 2021): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53631/athena.2021.16.5.
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The article explores how artificial intelligence is constructed in a female body and showcases the boundaries between human and technological traits, as well as the relationship between human beings and technology. The article defines the notion of artificial intelligence and discusses how artificial intelligence is portrayed in science fiction films. The article does not attempt to provide new theoretical insights into artificial intelligence but, instead, to show how artificial intelligence is characterised in the context of modern science fiction films. Two contemporary science fiction films, which focus on the artificial intelligence in the female body, are analysed: Alex Garland’s Ex Machina (2014) and Spike Jonze’s Her (2013). The analysis of the films showcases the blurred lines between being a human and being a robot: AI in the female body is portrayed as having adequate cognitive abilities and an ability to experience or to realistically imitate various mental states. The AI embodiment found in the films explores different narratives: the anthropomorphic body (Ex Machina) motivates to get to know the world and thus expands one’s experience, while the partial embodiment (Her) “programs” intellectual actions and development beyond the human body. Ex Machina highlights the anti-humanity of the female robot: another (human) life is devalued in order to pursue a goal. On the contrary, Her highlights the hyper-humanity of the operating system: continuous improvements exceed the boundaries of communication with other people.
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Joshi, Vishwaveda. "Mycelium Matter(s) – Fictionalizing Human–Mushroom Relations". Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne, n.º 15 (19 de diciembre de 2022): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/jk.2022.15.05.
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Through this paper, the author tries to explore a simple yet complex question: how do we decentralize the human presence in conversations about climate-change? To do so, this speculative climate 2ction is presented through the non-human narrative perspective of mycelium (fungi). The speculative fiction provides a space for re-thinking our ontological and epistemological strategies and categorizations of nature/culture division, as well as how we understand nature in relation to human.The speculative climate-fiction proposes a reconsideration of human in relation to nature/climate, through fungi. It further explores how sensory, bodily, and multimodal methodologies may work in interaction to produce new possibilities to explore the corporealities of human-nature relationships and how a non-anthropocentric understanding of climate-change can allow for an emerging engagement with a vast mesh of human and beyond-human agencies. Drawing inspiration from Sylvia Plath, Ursula K. Le Guin, Margaret Atwood, and using Erin Manning’s understanding of a5ect as having a feltness that we often experience as a becoming-with, in this case, a becoming-with nature, the speculative-fiction (SF) is written as a dialogue between fungi and human. The SF also uses artwork created with mushrooms, fungal roots, as well as mushroom extracts, to exaggerate the presence of beyond-human beings in a new onto-epistemic strategy that reconsiders climate change and human–nature relationships.
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Willging, Jennifer. "Leisure and alienation in Houellebecq’s fiction". French Cultural Studies 32, n.º 4 (7 de junio de 2021): 428–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09571558211012966.
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This article examines representations of leisure in Michel Houellebecq’s fiction. Theorised as a new human need that arose from the alienating nature of work in industrial society, leisure is one of three sectors of everyday life explored by modern sociologists. Marxist philosopher and sociologist Henri Lefebvre saw in leisure a domain in which human beings could experience moments of freedom and fulfilment, but which was becoming increasingly controlled and commercialised and therefore as potentially alienating as work. This article argues that Houellebecq’s fiction portrays contemporary leisure activities, such as shopping, tourism, physical exercise, smoking, and television-watching, as manifestations of this latter kind of leisure, which has proliferated under neoliberalism. His protagonists attempt, if often half-heartedly, to compensate for neoliberalism’s erosion of family and work as stabilising forces to find identity and fulfilment in leisure. If their efforts inevitably fail, Houellebecq’s attention to everyday leisure at least confirms Lefebvre’s contention that a critical evaluation of leisure was increasingly urgent.
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Murugesapandian, N. "The Realm of Death that Continues Like a Shadow, and the World that the Fictional World Portrays: The World of Novelist Iraianbu’s Avvulagam Novel". Shanlax International Journal of Tamil Research 7, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/tamil.v7i1.5088.
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Literary records of death questioning the existence of human beings from time to time have been found in Tamil since the Sangam period. Concepts of death in the Tamil tradition have been reported in ancient Tamil literary works. In terms of fiction, the number of novels in Tamil is small compared to short stories that precede death. The relationship between human beings and death is theoretically based on the novels ‘Sagavaram’ and ‘Avvulakam’ written by V.Iraianbu are noteworthy. The myths and legends created by V.Iraianbu who seek to trace the place of death as part or all of human life through storytelling are worthwhile.
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Mahmoud, Nawal Hamdan. "A Study in Aldous Huxley’s Novel Brave New World as A Scary Vision of Science in the World of the Future – A World beyond Humanity and Religion". International Journal of Religion 5, n.º 11 (13 de junio de 2024): 730–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.61707/4j12j128.
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Undoubtedly, scientific technology has a positive aspect and that the tremendous development in it will eventually lead to the creation of a new era and a new different world completely different from ours. But the question remains – what will people look like and what are the new standards and values that will control human behaviour in this new world. In his novel, Brave New World (1932), which is written as a science fiction, Aldous Huxley (1894 –1963), the English novelist, critic, and philosopher envisioned what scientific and technological progress would lead to in the future and its negative consequences on human life at all levels, especially on the humanitarian and religious levels, to end up with him, under the shadow of the frightening development of scientific technology, with a dark dystopian portrait of the world to come; the portrait in which the human beings, after technology has intervened with their creation, appear as monsters; as non-social beings that even belong to other new beings, to say the least human beings, or to put it more precisely, as humanoids – those creatures with characteristics that bear resemblance to those of human beings.
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Bökös, Borbála. "Human-Alien Encounters in Science Fiction: A Postcolonial Perspective". Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies 16, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2019): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausfm-2019-0010.
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Abstract An (un)conventional encounter between humans and alien beings has long been one of the main thematic preoccupations of the genre of science fiction. Such stories would thus include typical invasion narratives, as in the case of the three science fiction films I will discuss in the present paper: the Invasion of the Body Snatchers (Don Siegel, 1956; Philip Kaufman, 1978; Abel Ferrara, 1993), The Host (Andrew Niccol, 2013), and Avatar (James Cameron, 2009). I will examine the films in relation to postcolonial theories, while attempting to look at the ways of revisiting one’s history and culture (both alien and human) in the films’ worlds that takes place in order to uncover and heal the violent effects of colonization. In my reading of the films I will shed light on the specific processes of identity formation (of an individual or a group), and the possibilities of individual and communal recuperation through memories, rites of passages, as well as hybridization. I will argue that the colonized human or alien body can serve either as a mediator between the two cultures, or as an agent which fundamentally distances two separate civilizations, thus irrevocably bringing about the loss of identity, as well as the lack of comprehension of cultural differences.
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Ahmetagić, Jasmina M. "ESCHATOLOGICAL NOSTALGIAIN VLADAN DOBRIVOJEVIĆ’S FICTION". PHILOLOGICAL STUDIES 18, n.º 1 (2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/1857-6060-2020-18-1-1-17.
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Nostalgia is the keyword of Vladan Dobrivojević’snovelistic opus—nostalgia for the “original condition”, as B. Hamvas described the primordial, yet highest order of human existence, nostalgia for the God-man, which is exactly what makes it eschatological—and in our intent to describe its nature, we have chosen Where Angels Come From: The Eastern Genealogy(2019), a book modest in volume,which enables us to speak about the central problems of this markedly coherent opus by following the principle of synecdoche. Where Angels Come Fromis a collection of ten stories which form a nested narrative in The Waterpainter’s Dream(1994–1997), the writer’s encyclopedically conceived trilogy, and it contains the key ideas of The Waterpainter’s Dream, as well as other qualities paradigmatic of the writer’s opus. Taking as our basis an interpretation that links nostalgia to an ideal instead of the past, which would be typical for an 18th-century poem, we show that nostalgic idealization is a characteristic of Dobrivojević’s novels, whose protagonists are led by a longing for an authentic existence. Nostalgia for that which doesn’t exist, and yet it should (a standard of clear, permanent and unquestionable aesthetical and ethical, i.e. evangelical values) is the basic motivation behind his protagonists’ spiritual journey as they come to understand the heavenly origin of the human race, accomplish Christ-like feats and achieve the fullness of their cosmic status. That is why the narrative of return in Dobrivojević’s prose is also connected to the motive of the collective,lost home of the human race. Eschatological nostalgia—the protagonist’s central experience in Where Angels Come From—is primarily defined by a way of life devoted to their theanthropic purpose, which was given to human beings in the very beginning. Its solemn linguistic stylization and the poetics of icon painting explain the liturgical character of this novel in which ontotheological questions are evident.
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Cheira, Alexandra. "“I Have This Kind of Grief for the Earth”: A.S. Byatt’s Ecopoetics in Ragnarök, “Thoughts on Myth” and “Sea Story”". American, British and Canadian Studies 35, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2020-0016.
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Abstract A.S. Byatt has expressed deep misgivings regarding the role which the human species has played in mis/shaping the natural world due to the wilful blindness which guides human behaviour in this respect. In fact, Byatt has focussed on the destruction of the planet caused by greedy and environmentally-unaware human beings in fictional texts such as Ragnarök: The End of the Gods (2011) or “Sea Story” (2013), as well as in critical pieces such as “Thoughts on Myth” (2011). Hence, I am particularly interested in investigating how Byatt’s texts have been shaped by environmental concerns, as expressed in both her fiction and her critical work. My reading of Byatt’s ecopoetics will therefore be set within the theoretical framework of ecocriticism. Finally, I will also examine Byatt’s argument that in a way her early fictional work was “a questioning quarrel” with her former Cambridge teacher F.R. Leavis’s, whose “vision and values” she nevertheless “inherit[s] and share[s]” (Passions of the Mind, 2) in light of Leavis’s discussion of “the organic community” as proto-ecocritical writing.
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Mori, Naoya. "BECOMING STONE: A Leibnizian Reading of Beckett's Fiction". Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd'hui 19, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2008): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-019001016.
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Samuel Beckett's works suggest that humans are dead like stones and stones are alive like creatures. The ambiguous border between humans and stones reflects Beckett's borderless grasp on life and death, which he envisions as the metamorphosis of human beings into a state of metaphysical stone that is indestructible and imbued with memories and feelings. Belacqua, Molloy, Malone, and the Unnamable share the vision of such a stone representing life in limbo. Focusing upon the image of stone in Beckett's works, this essay reads the trilogy in particular as an ontological transformation based on Leibnizian vitalism.
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Shang, Wanqi. "A Post-Humanist Study of Ted Chiang's Stories of Your Life and Others". International Journal of Education and Humanities 3, n.º 3 (26 de julio de 2022): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v3i3.1015.
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Under this context of post-industrial era, science fiction, a literary genre derived from Gothic novels, has captured the crisis faced by the current humanity. Taking imagination as a tool and future science and technology as focus, Sci-fi has become a specific kind of literary critique for the current society. Ted Chiang, one of the most renowned and awards-winning contemporary Chinese-American writers, has shone on the field of science fiction, and Stories of your life and others, a science fiction novella collection, is one of Chiang’s most significant works. Stories of Your Life and Others explores the evolution of human nature, and recreates the eternal problems of the relationship between science and human itself/human society under the background of the multidimensional post-human space. From the perspective of post humanism theory, this paper attempt to explore the technical aesthetics, philosophical thinking and humanistic care in Chiang’s work, and to clear the path in terms of the relationship between human and technology, human and the universe, so as to picture the blueprint of future living environment of human beings, predict the common destiny of mankind in the future, provide a paradigm for the practice of science and technology in the post-human era and the discussion of post-modern science and technology ethics.
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Joshi, Vishwaveda y Ira Famarin. "Longing in the Past, Belonging in the Future: An Autoethnographic Fiction". Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne, n.º 13 (14 de diciembre de 2021): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/jk.2021.13.04.
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In this autoethnographic writing, we explore the concepts of longing and belonging through a collaborative writing process that is fictional at times and autoethnographic at times. We present an experimental and arts-based approach to analyzing and understanding memories, and themes of nostalgia, belongingness, and longing in the present day. Through our autoethnographic fiction (Bochner and Ellis 2016; Ellis 2004) we explore questions such as: what is it like to long and belong, what is it like to long for a future that is embedded in the past, what is it like to futurize/co-futurize memories, and what if the past is the pre-present? As immigrants to Toronto, coming from nations that were once colonized, and still remain in the peripheries of colonization, we ponder about our bodies occupying the third space that we are living in, the feelings of nostalgia and belonging in our fiction. We write about our belongingness to our roots and the trajectories of our beings and think what decolonizing the the concept of memories might evoke. Methodologically, we draw from Erin Manning’s (2016) idea of going against method to propose a collaborative autoethnographic fiction writing and collaging practice that implicates our memories and bodies with our surroundings and other bodies, human, beyond human, and material, as instruments of research. We suggest that the decolonization and dehistoricization of memories and our conceptions of longing, belonging, and creating futures embedded in the past can happen by futurizing our notions of memories. We hope that writing a fiction in conversation with one another and in synchronicity of each other’s experiences will allow us to deconstruct and problematize our understanding of memories, the frictions between avant-garde and nostalgia and interspersing the collaging practice will allow us to build our stories and explore belongingness and nostalgia, longing for something indefinite and unwanted memories.
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Cohen, I. Glenn. "This Is Your Brain on Human Rights: Moral Enhancement and Human Rights". Law & Ethics of Human Rights 9, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2015): 1–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lehr-2015-0001.
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Abstract It seems fair to say that human rights law takes the human as given. Human beings are particular kinds of entities with particular kinds of psychologies and propensities, and it is the job of human rights law and human rights enforcement to govern that kind of entity, be it through sanctions, education, incentives, or other mechanisms. More specifically, human rights law takes human brains as given. If humans were different kinds of beings, both the mechanisms of getting compliance and possibly the very rules themselves would be different. The purpose of this essay is to very tentatively start to tie together thinking in neuroscience, bioethics, and human rights law to ask whether human rights law should take the nature of human beings, and more specifically, human brains, as given. I sketch the alternative possibility and examine it from a normative and (to a lesser extent) scientific perspective: instead of merely crafting laws and setting up structures that get human beings such as they are to respect human rights, that the human rights approach should also consider embracing attempts to remake human beings (and more specifically human brains) into the kinds of things that are more respectful of human rights law. This is currently science fiction, but there is some scientific evidence that moral enhancement may one day be possible. I call the alternative “moral enhancement to respect human rights law.” To put the aim of the essay in its mildest form it is to answer the following question: if it becomes possible to use enhancement to increase respect for human rights and fidelity to human rights law (whatever you think is constitutive of those categories), and in particular in a way that reduces serious human rights violations, is it worth “looking into?” Or, by contrast, are the immediate objections to such an endeavor so powerful or hard to refute that going in this direction should be forbidden.
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Škobo, Milena y Jovana Đukić. "James G. Ballard’s Urban Violence Quadrilogy - An Ecocritical Approach". Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 7, n.º 3(20) (30 de octubre de 2022): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2022.7.3.87.
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J. G. Ballard’s fiction is a great example of literature that ecocritics find especially interesting and relevant to their work. From his cli-fi novels from the 60s depicting the society’s encounter with the eco-apocalypse in progress, to his urban catastrophe novels from the 70s portraying the society in post eco-apocalyptic era, to his latest quadrilogy [Cocaine Nights (1996), Super-Cannes (2000), Millennium People (2003) and Kingdom Come (2006)] focusing on modern horrors such as urban violence that generates social and psychological entropy as the next level of decline the human race has reached on its path to extinction. Ballard seems to provide a history of the systematic degradation of human beings resulting from their mistreatment of nature and obsession with technological progress. The aim of this paper is to show that his latest urban violence quadrilogy, apart from depicting human degradation taken to its extremes, offers new social forms that emerge from ecological crisis and eco apocalypse and whose formation points to the necessity for reevaluation of the human and more-than-human relationship. Hence, the quadrilogy avoids the trap of being trivialized and labeled as is so common in environmental fiction that it loses its ability to incite fear or eco-activism.
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Schwall, Hedwig. "Forms of a Posthuman Fantastic in Mia Gallagher’s Shift". Estudios Irlandeses, n.º 16 (17 de marzo de 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24162/ei2021-10097.
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In posthuman philosophy the human subject is not regarded as an entity but a relational process. Yet the historical construct of “the individual” remains the (unconscious) reference point in human perception, feeding ego- and anthropocentrism. This article will argue that in their call to revise the static ideal of the individual entity posthuman philosophers find “allies” in fiction. More specifically, the fantastic is a genre which offers great possibilities to drastically reshuffle basic tenets of perception. Mia Gallagher’s Shift offers a spectrum of fantastic stories in which protagonists relate to human and nonhuman agents such as animals, minerals, air and water. But, in this posthuman theory and fiction, not only human beings are deconstructed into relational nodes; the categories that constitute them are no independent concepts either, but mere interactional factors. This article’s analysis of Gallagher’s short stories focuses on the ways in which self and other, nature and culture, life and death, feminine and masculine, interior and exterior worlds interact.
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Orrego, Jaime A. "Entre la artificialidad y la deshumanización: La ciencia ficción de Horacio Quiroga y Santiago Roncagliolo". Acta Philologica, n.º 59 (2022) (30 de diciembre de 2022): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/acta.59.2022.6.
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Although science fiction is to be found in Latin American literature, it has always been considered a minor genre on the continent. This may be why some science fiction writers publish under a pseudonym while others have only dabbled in this genre. The paper analyzes Artificial Man (1910) by the Uruguayan Horacio Quiroga and Close to Life (2010) by the Peruvian Santiago Roncagliolo in order to demonstrate how the use of technology in human beings can be depicted. The article discusses in particular the means by which Roncagliolo highlights the desire for automation that leads a company to dehumanize humans in order to humanize machines.
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AGAR, NICHOLAS y JOHNNY MCDONALD. "Human Enhancement and the Story of Job". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 26, n.º 3 (25 de mayo de 2017): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180116001122.
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Abstract:This article explores some implications of the concept of transformative change for the debate about human enhancement. A transformative change is understood to be one that significantly alters the value an individual places on his or her experiences or achievements. The clearest examples of transformative change come from science fiction, but the concept can be illuminatingly applied to the enhancement debate. We argue that it helps to expose a threat from too much enhancement to many of the things that make human lives valuable. Among the things threated by enhancement are our relationships with other human beings. The potential to lose these relationships provides a compelling reason for almost all humans to reject too much enhancement.
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Zhao, Dingyi. "The Construction of Body and Consciousness in Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" Communications in Humanities Research 20, n.º 1 (7 de diciembre de 2023): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/20/20231311.
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Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? is a significant work of science fiction that explores the concept of the post-human condition. In his literary works, Philip K. Dick undertook the task of reconfiguring the physical and cognitive aspects of both human beings and replicants. One perspective suggests that there is a growing trend towards cybernetization in the human body, while another perspective argues that the physical composition of replicants is progressively resembling that of human beings. In contrast, there is a growing interconnection between human beings and replicants within the realm of mind and emotion. This research aims to examine the correlation between the physical, technical, cognitive, and subjective aspects of human and replicant bodies, thereby offering an interpretation of this novel concept via the lens of post-humanism. The act of constructing blurs the distinction between humans and androids, hence giving rise to an ethical dilemma wherein both humans and androids vie for subjective experiences. The establishment of a novel topic incorporating both human and non-human entities, with the aim of critically examining anthropocentrism, can be seen as a potential solution to address this issue.
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Kabak, Murat. "Margaret Atwood’s "Oryx and Crake" as a Critique of Technological Utopianism". English Studies at NBU 7, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/esnbu.21.1.3.
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While there are major works tracing the themes of belonging and longing for home in contemporary fiction, there is no current study adequately addressing the connection between dystopian novel and nostalgia. This paper aims to illustrate how the Canadian writer Margaret Atwood uses nostalgia as a framework to level a critique against technological utopianism in her dystopian novel Oryx and Crake (2003). The first novel in Atwood’s “MaddAddam Trilogy” problematizes utopian thought by focusing on the tension between two utopian projects: the elimination of all suffering and the perfection of human beings by discarding their weaknesses. Despite the claims of scientific objectivity and environmentalism, the novel exposes the religious and human-centered origins of Crake’s technological utopian project. Atwood’s Oryx and Crake is an ambiguous work of science fiction that combines utopian and dystopian elements into its narrative to criticize utopian thought.
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Panasenko, Nataliya. "Where, why, and how? Topophones in Ray Bradbury's science fiction". Lege Artis 3, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2018): 223–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lart-2018-0007.
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Abstract The article highlights the category of literary space, connecting different topophones with the author's worldview. Topophones in the works by Ray Bradbury are used not only for identifying the place where the events unfold but they equally serve as the background to the expression of the author's evaluative characteristics of the modern world, his attitude to science, the latest technologies, and the human beings who are responsible for all the events, which take place not only on the Earth, but also far away from it.
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Andari, Ni Wayan Yuli. "Intrinsic Elements and Moral Values in Novel Tarian Bumi Karya Oka Rusmini (2007)". RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 5, n.º 1 (29 de abril de 2019): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.5.1.769.40-44.
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The aim of this research is to explain the intrinsic elements and the moral form of the story contained in Tarian Bumi novel by Oka Rusmini (2007). The data of this research were obtained from a novel entitled “Tarian Bumi” by Oka Rusmini (2007). Data were collected by observation method and note-taking technique. The collected data were analyzed using the theory of the Intrinsic Fiction Element (Nurgiyantoro, 2015) and the Moral Value theory in Fiction (Nurgiyantoro, 2009). The results of the analysis are presented using informal methods. Based on the analysis that were conducted the intrinsic elements contained in the novel Tarian Bumi are divided into themes, plots, characters, background, point of view, and language. The form of moral values contained in the novel Tarian Bumi is distinguished into a human relationship with itself, human relationship with God, human relationships with other human beings, and human relations with the environment is manifested with social life. The moral value contained in the novel is a reflection of Balinese people’s life that clings to the concept of Tri Hita Karana.
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Vinczeová, Barbora. "Mutual Grieving, Healing and Resilience in Sigrid Nunez’s The Friend". American & British Studies Annual 16 (5 de diciembre de 2023): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46585/absa.2023.16.2498.
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The paper addresses the narrative of mutual healing, grieving and resilience in Sigrid Nunez’s novel The Friend. The aim of the article is to determine whether in the presented narrative shared trauma among different species leads to improved resilience of humans and animals, as well as whether a shared experience of grieving and healing is beneficial for both sets of beings involved. An overview of the healing process in humans and animals which takes place after trauma is provided. Although based on a work of fiction, this paper seeks to be a contribution to the field of trauma studies, highlighting the benefits and therapeutic value of human-animal relations and reflecting approaches in fiction.
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Nwoye, Leonard. "Ethical issues in human cloning". International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 2, n.º 4 (5 de enero de 2020): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v2i4.54.
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Cloning, which for years has remained a fiction, has finally become a reality today. Genetic engineers can now clone animals to achieve a desired type of product with unique or specific genetic make-ups. Presently, actors in this field have produced cloned sheep, mice, monkeys, pigs and cows. This paper may not exhaust the list if it continues to outline the achievements of genetic engineers today. What is discussed in this research are not only the achievements of genetic engineers, rather the ethical problems surrounding them. How moral is it to clone a cow that will grow up abnormally and die in the shortest time? Also, human beings developed through cloning will experience identity problems, authenticity, freedom, autonomy, and the problem of uniqueness. These problems and more are what this research seeks to address using the methods of analysis, evaluation, and deduction.
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McGrath, James y Ankur Gupta. "Writing a Moral Code: Algorithms for Ethical Reasoning by Humans and Machines". Religions 9, n.º 8 (9 de agosto de 2018): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9080240.
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The moral and ethical challenges of living in community pertain not only to the intersection of human beings one with another, but also our interactions with our machine creations. This article explores the philosophical and theological framework for reasoning and decision-making through the lens of science fiction, religion, and artificial intelligence (both real and imagined). In comparing the programming of autonomous machines with human ethical deliberation, we discover that both depend on a concrete ordering of priorities derived from a clearly defined value system.
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Jarzębski, Jerzy y Benjamin Paloff. "The Cosmic Signals of Stanisław Lem". Polish Review 68, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2023): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23300841.68.2.03.
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Abstract Communicating productively with an alien intelligence, whether by traveling through space to another civilization or attempting to understand their messages received here on Earth, is so consistent a commonplace of cosmic science fiction that we might easily regard it as a defining feature of the genre. This essay argues, by contrast, that Stanisław Lem's fiction about space travel aims consistently to demonstrate the impossibility of such communication. Setting aside the obstacles that might prevent contact between alien intelligences, whether by positing a technological solution or ignoring those difficulties altogether, Lem confronts the epistemological challenge of how beings with no shared points of reference in language, experience, or even spatial-temporal awareness could ever share information meaningfully. Lem's purpose, the essay concludes, is to show not how such communication is possible, but rather how its impossibility compels the human imagination to fill the void, a quintessentially human act.
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Anish, K. y N. S. Vishnu Priya. "Reinterpreting Kubler-Ross’s Grief Theory in R. Chudamani’s Short Fiction". World Journal of English Language 13, n.º 6 (5 de junio de 2023): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n6p326.
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R. Chudamani is an Indian writer whose works have been less explored in scientific research. This present research article intends to interpret Chudamani’s short fiction “Forgive me if you can” which is taken from her collection of short stories The Solitary Sprout. Chudamani’s literary works delineate psychological emotions and human values. In the short fiction, “Forgive me if you can”, she portrays the inevitable experiences like death, loss, and grief in the lives of human beings. This article focuses on the protagonist’s grief over the loss of his beloved. This research article also analyses the psychological emotion, ‘grief’ which is dominant in the narrative. Kubler-Ross’s grief model is taken as a criterion to analyze the protagonist’s grief. The research article also scrutinizes the protagonist’s grieving process and how it transforms his life for his survival. The research article also traces how the protagonist shifts in the process of grieving through the grief theory of Kubler-Ross.
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Amadou, Danlami. "Ecological Perspectives in Linus T. Asong’s No Way to Die". Applied Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47721/arjhss202004027.
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Given the environmental crisis plaguing the world, this paper investigates the manner in which Linus Asong represents man’s link with nature in the novel No Way to Die. It attempts to provide an answer to the following question: how does Linus Asong portray the contact between man and nature? The work is based on the premise that the Cameroonian author depicts the relationship between human beings and other elements of the ecosystem with perspectives for improvement for the benefit of both man and nature. Second Wave Ecocriticism, as outlined by Lawrence Buell, is used to bring out novelist’s ecological vision which posits that human beings need to improve their relationship with, or treatment of, other elements of nature so that the rapidly degrading ecosystem is saved. Keywords: Environment, Fiction, Ecocriticism, Degradation, Protection, Vision
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Danlami, Amadou. "Ecological Perspectives in Linus T. Asong’s No Way to Die". Applied Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47721/arjhss20200304027.
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Given the environmental crisis plaguing the world, this paper investigates the manner in which Linus Asong represents man’s link with nature in the novel No Way to Die. It attempts to provide an answer to the following question: how does Linus Asong portray the contact between man and nature? The work is based on the premise that the Cameroonian author depicts the relationship between human beings and other elements of the ecosystem with perspectives for improvement for the benefit of both man and nature. Second Wave Ecocriticism as outlined by Lawrence Buell is used to bring out novelist’s ecological vision which posits that human beings need to improve their relationship with, or treatment of, other elements of nature so that the rapidly degrading ecosystem is saved. Keywords: Environment, Fiction, Ecocriticism, Degradation, Protection, Vision
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Nikam, Dr Sudhir V. y Mr Rajkiran J. Biraje. "A Critical Study of Stephen King and Horror Fiction". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, n.º 5 (28 de mayo de 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i5.10176.
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This present research undertakes the extensive study of horror fiction genre with reference to the select novels of one of the finest and celebrated horror fiction writers of all time, Stephen King. This paper is a substantial assessment of the select horror fiction of King. The research problem revolves extensively around the word fear. Stephen King has conjured up the images of most horrific creatures, monsters, places, and stories, and some of the most enduring villains in fiction. These unimaginable evil beings test the limits of the protagonist. Some of these villains have gone to the extent of becoming as famous (or infamous) as the writer himself. Many of Stephen King villains are monsters of the human variety such as serial killers, power hungry despots, nihilists, etc. His most memorable and monumental characters are the supernatural ones who use their dark powers to twist the orderly world around them into a special place of chaos and pain. It has been assumed that the horror elements in the fiction of Stephen King are the result of his strategic use of supernaturalist and non-supernaturalist elements. The techniques that he uses to evoke horror in reader have been treated as a site for research attention by the researcher.
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Castelli, Alberto. "Bipolarism in the Nineteenth-Century Novel". University of Toronto Quarterly 92, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2023): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/utq.92.1.02.
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Literary realism has produced some of the most famous deaths in literary fiction. Psychological insight into the characters’ experiences and the mental states that induced their deaths helps readers to engage the protagonists not as victims of society, martyrs of fate, or wicked characters but, rather, as pathological human beings. Their psychological dualities bring affirmations of identity as well as breakdowns of identity, hence transforming readers’ judgments on their morality with new understanding.
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Magerstädt, Sylvie. "Upload, Cyber-Spirituality and the Quest for Immortality in Contemporary Science-Fiction Film and Television". Religions 15, n.º 1 (16 de enero de 2024): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15010109.
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As a genre, science fiction has long played with the idea of all-powerful virtual beings and explored notions of transcendence through technological advancements. It has also been at the forefront of exploring our anxieties and hopes regarding new technologies and the ethical and moral consequences of scientific advancement, raising deeply philosophical and theological concerns about an age-old question, namely: what makes us distinct as human beings and what lies beyond our own existence? This article aims to provide an overview of recent themes that have emerged in science fiction film and television, especially with regard to extending our lives beyond their natural biological age. As the article will outline, these ideas generally appear in notions of cyborgization or mind uploading into cyberspace. Both indicate a deeply human desire to avoid death, and the films and shows discussed in this article offer a range of different ideas on this. As we will see, the final case study, the Amazon Prime television show Upload (2020–), brings both of these elements together, touching on a broad range of ideas about cyber-spirituality along the way. The article concludes that although many shows raise interesting questions about the ethical challenges inherent in transhumanist fantasies of mind uploading, they ultimately remain ambiguous in their critique of the dream of digital immortality.
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Schrager Lang, Amy y Daniel Rosza Lang/Levitsky. ""Realists of a Larger Reality": On New Science Fiction". Monthly Review 67, n.º 11 (5 de abril de 2016): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-067-11-2016-04_5.
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<div class="quote-intro">Any human power can be resisted and changed by human beings.<p class="quote-intro-author">—Ursula K. Le Guin</p></div>Le Guin is undoubtedly right about resistance in the "real" world, but in reading, only some books offer a call to resistance and the possibilities of a new reality. Among the books considered here, some come to us as "literary fiction"; others are marked as belonging to another, historically denigrated, form, "science fiction" or "fantasy." This could be a distinction without a difference: two are near-future dystopian novels about corporate capitalism in the United States (both by well-established white authors); two are collections of near-future short stories that set out to critique the human powers that structure our world (written by both established and new voices, primarily writers of color). But the books that embrace rather than evade their status as science fiction or fantasy are the ones able to imagine the resistance and change that Le Guin invokes.<p class="mrlink"><p class="mrpurchaselink"><a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-67-number-11" title="Vol. 67, No. 11: April 2016" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the <em>Monthly Review</em> website.</a></p>
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Quoc,, Nguyen Anh y Lam Ngoc Linh. "The Scientific Essence". International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 05, n.º 10 (27 de octubre de 2022): 4711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i10-40.
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Anything, phenomenon, or person that exists has a balance in internal and external exchange. The exchange of humans is a natural, social exchange. Natural, social on the outside becomes knowledge within man. The exchange of knowledge is the exchange within and outside of humans, the exchange of life. Human life manifests itself in functions and tasks in work, occupation, and scientific knowledge. Scientific knowledge is human life, but science becomes a profession that makes science strange, that is science outside of humans. Science beyond humans is science fiction. Imagination in science takes the premise outside of humans as a yardstick for comparison between humans. Discrimination between human beings appears as right and wrong, truth and falsehood, justice and injustice, good and evil, beautiful and ugly, rich and poor, noble and low... Science outside people take philosophy, mathematics as a methodology, the correctness of science is measured by a philosophical or mathematical stance, but philosophy and mathematics are started from a premise outside of man, not yet proof, it makes science puzzling, imaginary. Imagination becomes the impotence of science, the unhappiness of man. The need to eliminate helplessness and unhappiness becomes the need to abolish science fiction, to abolish science beyond humans. Science takes human life as the premise, that is human science, human philosophy.
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Bok, Dohoon. "From Apocalypse to Extinction: Korean Science Fiction and Extinction Discourse in the 2020s". Center for Asia and Diaspora 13, n.º 2 (31 de agosto de 2023): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15519/dcc.2023.08.13.2.69.
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This paper examines the discourse of extinction in Korean science fiction(SF) in the 2020s. In this paper, extinction is situated in two contexts: climate change and artificial intelligence(AI). First, Anthropocene extinction is the result of the human capacity for detrimental planetary action, including accelerating the extinction of species, including their owns. Second, mechanical evolutionary extinction is the result of less improved forms of humans social evolution into better forms through technology.
In the 2020s, extinction emerged as a thematic lexicon to replace the apocalyptic motif in Korean SF. This paper analyzes antihumanism and antinatalism as forms of extinction discourse in two SF works, Second Moon by Choi Yi-soo and Farewell by Kim Young-ha. The antihumanism in Second Moon is a counter-discourse to the human regeneration project carried out by AI. In contrast, the antinatalism of Farewell is a campaign of human extinction carried out by AI. The narratives of both novels reject antihumanism and antinatalism. However, it is important to note that the extinction discourse in both novels stems from a self-criticism of humans’ planetary capacity to destroy ecosystems.
Climate change and AI are the kind of “X-Risks” that could make the extinction of beings(including humankind), possible. In the 2020s, Korean SF has been mutating through various imaginaries and discourses of extinction. Yet because extinction is a universal vocabulary that refers to the common fate and survival of humans and non-humans, it needs to be conceptualized and imagined with careful intentionality.