Literatura académica sobre el tema "Holder Eric"

Research on risk assessments has illustrated many utilitarian purposes of these tools, including the robust prediction of recidivism and uniformity in correctional decision making. Recently, however, Former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder vocalized his position that actuarial risk assessments could be unintentionally contributing to disproportionate minority contact in the correctional system. This study used data from approximately 2,600 juvenile delinquents assessed with the Ohio Youth Assessment System–Disposition Instrument to examine these claims across subsamples of White and Black youth. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated that the instrument predicted recidivism similarly across the two groups. There were slightly more prediction errors for Black youth than White youth; however, these differences may be the result of methodological factors rather than empirical realities. The article concluded with a discussion of the implications that potential racial biases have on risk assessment research and practice.

Concern over the injustice of the money bail system led the founders of the Vera Institute of Justice to design and implement the Manhattan Bail Project in 1961. The Project demonstrated that people with strong ties to the community could be safely released from custody without bail merely on their promise to return to court—called release on recognizance. Federal, state, and local officials should be encouraged to examine their systems and implement a more just, more rational, and less costly system of ensuring appearance and protecting public safety while those charged but presumed innocent await the disposition of the charges. Toward that end, Attorney General Eric Holder convened a national conference on bail and criminal justice in June 2011 that presented another opportunity to realize the Manhattan Bail Project's mission: bringing pretrial justice to the significant proportion of impoverished defendants brought before the criminal courts.

Background: The Blood Cancer UK TAP CLARITY trial for relapsed or refractory CLL combined IBR with VEN in order to eradicate detectable disease with a plan to stop therapy early if measurable residual disease (MRD) <0.01% (MRD4) was achieved in the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM). Aims: To provide long term follow up data for the combination of IBR and VEN for R/R CLL patients. IWCLL response status and MRD responses status at the 38 month time point are now presented in this abstract. Methods: CLARITY is a Phase II trial combining IBR with VEN in 50 patients with R/R CLL. After 2 months of IBR, VEN was added initially at a daily dose of 10mg or 20mg/day escalating weekly to a final daily dose of 400mg/day. CLL MRD was quantified using >6 colour ERIC-standard flow cytometry (detection limit 10-5/0.001%). Paired PB & BM samples were assessed at months 8, 14, 26 and longitudinal PB samples were taken at multiple time points. Fifty-four patients were recruited from May 2016 to November 2017. The median number of prior therapies was 1 (range: 1-6). 20% patients had del(17p); 25% del(11q); 75% had unmutated IGVH. Four patients that discontinued treatment due to ibrutinib-related adverse events in the first 8 weeks before starting VEN were replaced so that, in total, 50 patients received the combination of IBR and VEN. The interruption of therapy was indicated following confirmation of a CR according to the iwCLL2008 criteria and MRD reduction <10-4 CLL cells in PB and BM (MRD4). MRD4 at month 8 indicated to stop IBR and VEN at month 14, MRD4 in PB and BM at month 14 and/or at month 26 indicated to stop IBR and VEN at month 26, while MRD detectable at month 26 indicated to stop VEN only and to continue IBR until progression or toxicity. The trial protocol was amended later in Jan 2019 to allow patients, who had not obtained an MRD4 at month 26, to have an extra 12 months of VEN in addition to IBR. Results: Of the 50 evaluable patients recruited to the study, 23 patients stopped both treatments at or before M38; the majority due to achieving MRD4 (17/23). 27/50 patients were still receiving at least one trial treatment at this time point, with M38 response data pending for 11 patients. Of the 27 evaluable patients on treatment, the overall response rate (ORR), comprising of 10 patients with CR and 3 with CRi, was 81% compared to an ORR of 91% in the 36 patients receiving at least one trial treatment at M26 respectively. One additional patient discontinued treatment due to MRD negativity after M38. Of the 18 patients stopping due to MRD negativity, 14/18 continue to have <0.01% MRD. Overall, MRD responses continued to improve after the first year of combination treatment with 24/50 (48%) patients achieving MRD4 in the BM at month 26 compared to 20/50 (40%) at month 14. After 4 months of combination, the median log CLL depletion was 2.9 (range 0.2-4.8) for patients achieving <0.01% MRD at month 26 vs. 1.4 (range 0.1-4.6) for patients with ≥0.01% MRD at month 26. Disease depletion from month 4 to month 8 was slower in all groups, with a median log CLL depletion of 1.1 (range 0.1-2.9) for patients achieving <0.01% MRD vs 0.7 (-0.4-2.3) for those with ≥0.01% MRD at month 26 respectively. After month 8 (6 months of combined IBR+VEN), patients with ≥0.01% MRD typically showed <0.5log depletion/year subsequently. Of 20 evaluable patients with <0.01% MRD at month 38, MRD depletion had already been achieved at 6 months of combination IBR+VEN in 7/20 (35%), at 12 months in 14/20 (70%), and at 24 months in 18/20 (90%). There was only one case of biochemical TLS. Other side-effects were mild and/or manageable, most commonly neutropenia (3/37 grade 2, 34/37 grade 3/4). Two Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions (SUSARs) were reported (abdominal pain and pemphigus), 44 Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), and 1153 Adverse Events (AEs) (of which 141 were grade 3 or 4) were reported. Summary/Conclusion: After 38 months, the response to IBR+VEN is sustained despite planned discontinuation of therapy in MRD negative patients. The initial rate of disease depletion (during the first two months of combined IBR+VEN exposure) is highly predictive of longer-term response to combination IBR+VEN treatment in relapsed/refractory CLL. Patients who do not show rapid disease clearance and have persistent MRD after 12 months of combination IBR+VEN usually have stable or slowly decreasing disease levels akin to that seen in IBR monotherapy. These data will be updated at ASH 2020. Disclosures Hillmen: AbbVie: Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics: Other: Financial or Material spport; Morphosys: Other: Consulting fees; Sunesis: Other: Consulting fees. Brock:Invex: Other: Consulting and speaker fees; Merck: Other: Reimbursement of costs; Eli Lilly: Other: Consulting and speaker fees; AstraZeneca: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; GlaxoSmithKline: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Schuh:Illumina: Other: Consulting fees; Abbvie: Other: Consulting fees; Gilead: Other: Consulting fees; Roche: Other: Consulting fees. Pettitt:Roche: Honoraria, Other: Hospitality, Research Funding; Napp: Research Funding; Celgene: Other: Hospitality, Research Funding; Chugai: Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria, Other: Hospitality, Research Funding; Kite: Honoraria, Other: Hospitality, Research Funding; GSK: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Gribben:Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria; Celgene: Research Funding. Patten:Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Bloor:Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Conference Funding, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Conference Funding , Speakers Bureau. Fox:Celgene: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Sunesis: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Atarabio: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Abbvie: Current equity holder in private company, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Gilead: Current equity holder in private company, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Adienne: Current equity holder in private company, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Roche: Current equity holder in private company, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; AstraZeneca: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Takeda: Current equity holder in private company, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Forconi:Roche: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Fees for cosulting or advisory role, received travel and expenses, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Honoraria, Other: Fees for cosulting or advisory role, received travel and expenses, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Research Funding; Astra Zeneca: Other: Fees for cosulting or advisory role; Menarini: Other: Fees for cosulting or advisory role; Novartis: Honoraria. Rawstron:BD Biosciences (Intrasure): Patents & Royalties. Hillmen:Alexion: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Acerta: Other: Financial or material support; Roche: Consultancy, Other: Financial or material support, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Consultancy, Other: Financial or material support, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics: Other: Financial or material support, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Other: Financial or material support, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Apellis: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Other: Financial or material support, Research Funding.

The article “Factors associated with late risks of breast cancer‑specific mortality in the SEER registry”, written by José P. Leone, Carlos T. Vallejo, Michael J. Hassett, Julieta Leone, Noah Graham, Nabihah Tayob, Rachel A. Freedman, Sara M. Tolaney, Bernardo A. Leone, Eric P. Winer and Nancy U. Lin, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on April 24, 2021 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on May 11, 2021 to © The Author(s) 2021 and the article is forthwith distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.

I sit to write this Introduction having just returned from a long weekend at APSA's 2010 annual conference discussing the politics of hard times. In the background is the sound of one or another cable news announcer, reminding me, for the thousandth time, that this coming weekend is the ninth anniversary of “9-11.” Controversy still rages over the plans of Muslim American citizens of the US to build a community center in lower Manhattan, two blocks from “ground zero” (or is it “Ground Zero” in deference to its apparent sacralization?). At the same time, attention has recently turned to an obscure Florida pastor, one Reverend Terry Jones, who has declared his intention to publicly burn copies of the Koran in protest of Islam and “commemoration” of 9-11. His plan has caused an outcry of opposition from national and local interfaith coalitions committed to religious and social pluralism, and provoked denunciations from a range of groups that include the Vatican and the Veterans of Foreign Wars. Numerous high-ranking Obama Administration officials, from Attorney General Eric Holder to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, have loudly criticized the proposed Koran burning as an affront to the American commitment to tolerance. Perhaps the loudest critic has been General David Petraeus, the US Commander in Afghanistan, who has insisted that such acts seriously undermine the US military in its war against the Taliban. One of his assistants, Lt. General William Caldwell, nicely summed up this logic in a CNN interview: “There is no question about First Amendment rights; that is not the issue. The question is: What is the implication over here? It is going to jeopardize the men and women serving in Afghanistan.”

Abstract The use of novel small molecule inhibitors alone or in combination with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has raised a number of questions on efficacy, tolerability, long-term treatment adherence in patients with heterogeneous clinical features. To fill this gap, we designed a study focusing on treatment sequencing in patients with CLL in order to (i) compare the outcome of patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) combinations in first-line versus those receiving Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi); (ii) characterize the efficacy and tolerability of venetoclax-based regimens; (ii) understand the impact of treatment sequencing when it comes to chemo-free options including venetoclax after BTKi and vice versa. Data from consecutive sets of patients diagnosed with CLL between 2000-2020 attended at 77 institutions affiliated with ERIC were collected and analyzed. Collected variables included: demographics, clinical stage at diagnosis, IGHV gene somatic hypermutation status; cytogenetic status for chromosomes 11q, 13q 17p and 12 determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization; TP53 gene mutation status; treatment; treatment response; discontinuation; reason for discontinuation; death. We included 9173 patients with a diagnosis of CLL who received at least one line of treatment. The median age at diagnosis was 67 years with a male:female ratio of 1.9. The median follow-up was 78 months (IQR, 48-120 months). Regarding novel targeted agents, 1860/9173 (20.2%) patients had received at least one line of treatment with BTKi (ibrutinib, n=1788; acalabrutinib, n=72) over the disease course; 631/9173 (6.9%) with venetoclax; and, 447/9173 (4.9%) with the PI3K inhibitor idelalisib. Seventy-nine patients were treated with both BTKi and venetoclax (59 BTKi followed by BCL2i, 20 vice versa). At last follow-up, 5870/9173 patients (64.0%) were alive, 3229/9173 (35.2%) died and 74/9173 (0.8%) were lost to follow-up. Patients treated with BTKi in first-line were enriched for TP53 aberrations [del(17p) 27.6%, TP53 mutation 26.3%] and unmutated IGHV genes (69%) and obtained an ORR of 87.7%. Of these, 136 (26.3%) discontinued treatment after a median of 1.2 years (0.07-5.98); main reasons of discontinuation were toxicity (40.5%) and failure (26.2%). Among 631 patients treated with venetoclax at any line, 100 (15.8%) received BCL2 +/- anti-CD20 as first-line; 170 (26.9%) as second line (125 previously treated with CIT, 27 with BTKi); and, 361 as third or subsequent line. ORR ranged between 71.5% (≥3 lines) with 30.5% CR/CRi to 90.3% (first-line) with 68.1% CR/CRi. Treatment discontinuation was due to toxicity in 28.6% of patients treated in the first-line, and 17.6% and 21.8% of patients treated in second and third-or-higher-line, respectively. Disease progression led to treatment discontinuation in 14.3%, 20.6% and 33.6% in first, second and third-or-higher line, respectively. CIT was used as front-line treatment in 5465 patients (59.6%). Of these, 2070 (37.9%) and 1018 (18.6%) patients received a second and third line of treatment, respectively. The great majority (865/1086 cases, 79.7%) of patients who received a second line before 2014 were retreated with CIT, most commonly Bendamustine-Rituximab (284/1086, 26.1%) and Fludarabine-Cyclophosphamide-Rituximab (252/1086, 23.2%); alemtuzumab monotherapy was used in 55/1086 (5%) of patients. After 2014, 415/984 patients (42.1%) were retreated with BTKi; 93 (9.5%) with venetoclax; 70 (7.2%) with idelalisib; 50 (5%) with Alemtuzumab monotherapy, and 315 (32%) with CIT. Similarly, in the third-or-higher line of treatment, most patients (86.3%) were retreated with CIT before 2014, while BTKi, BCL2i, and PI3Ki were mainly used after 2014 (in 43.1%, 15.7% and 14.7% of cases, respectively). Finally, our cohort included 1075 patients with TP53 aberrations. The ORR of patients receiving BTKis (n=171) as first-line of treatment was 86.5% (22.2 CR+64.3 PR), while the ORR with venetoclax +/- anti-CD20 (n=15) was 91% (45.5% CR+45.5 PR). Patients treated with CIT (n=694) had an ORR of 68.7% (28.3% CR+40.4% PR). In conclusion, in a large international study we provide real world data regarding the selection and sequencing of treatment in CLL, charting a major shift in treatment patterns before and after the introduction of novel trargeted agents and confirming their efficacy even in high-risk CLL. Disclosures Scarfo: Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Travel grants; Astra Zeneca: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria. Iacoboni: BMS/Celgene, Gilead, Novartis, Janssen, Roche: Honoraria. Collado: Abbvie,: Other: pharmaceutical Company, Research Funding; Janssen: Other: Pharmaceutical Company, Research Funding. Galimberti: AbbVie, Janssen: Honoraria, Other: Travel grants; Incyte: Speakers Bureau. García-Serra: AbbVie: Other: Educational grands; Janssen: Other: Educational grants; Novartis: Other: Educational grants. Gozzetti: Janssen: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria. Hatzimichael: Amgen, Roche, Genesis, Novartis, Bristol Mayer Squibb, Celgene, Pfizer: Consultancy; Abbvie, Amgen, Bristol Mayer Squibb, MSD, Gilead, Janssen Cilag, Genesis Pharma, Roche, Takeda: Honoraria. Herishanu: AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Medison: Honoraria. Jaksic: Roche, Oktal-Pharma/Celtrion, Sandoz: Consultancy, Honoraria. Kater: Janssen, AstraZeneca: Other: Ad Board, steering committee, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Other: Ad Board, Research Funding; BMS, Roche/Genentech: Other: Ad Board, , Research Funding; Genmab, LAVA: Other: Ad Board, Steering Committee. Kotsianidis: Astellas: Other: NONE, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Genesis: Consultancy, Other: NONE; Janssen Hellas: Consultancy, Other: NONE, Speakers Bureau; Bristol Hellas: Consultancy, Other: NONE, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis Hellas: Consultancy, Other: NONE, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Consultancy, Other: NONE, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Kreitman: NIH: Patents & Royalties: Moxetumomab Pasudotox; Genentech: Research Funding; Teva: Research Funding; AstraZeneca/MedImmune: Research Funding; Innate: Research Funding; GSK/Novartis: Research Funding; Array BioPharma/Pfizer: Research Funding. Laribi: BeiGene: Other: Personal Fees; Jansen: Research Funding; Novartis: Other: Personal Fees, Research Funding; Astellas Phama, Inc.: Other: Personal Fees; AstraZeneca: Other: Personal Fees; Le Mans Hospital: Research Funding; Takeda: Other: Personal Fees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Other: Personal Fees, Research Funding; IQONE: Other: Personal Fees. Lopez-Garcia: Roche: Other: Speaker Honoraria, Travel and accommodation grants; Novonordisk: Other: Speaker Honoraria; Fresenius: Other: Speaker Honoraria; Celgene: Other: Speaker Honoraria; Abbvie: Other: Speaker Honoraria, Advisor, Travel and accommodation grants; Janssen: Other: Speaker Honoraria, Advisor, Travel and accommodation grants, Research Funding. Milosevic: Roche: Honoraria; Abbvie,: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Sandoz: Honoraria. Reda: Beigene: Consultancy; Astra Zeneca: Consultancy; Abbvie: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy. Ruchlemer: AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Šimkovič: Janssen, Gilead, Roche, AstraZeneca, and AbbVie: Other: consultancy fees, advisory board participation fees, travel grants, and honoraria; University Hospital Hradec Kralove: Current Employment; AbbVie: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen-Cilag: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses; Merck: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Eli Lilly: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; J&J: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Gilead: Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses. Špaček: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Janssen, and Roche: Honoraria. Tadmor: Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding. Visentin: Italfarmaco and Gilead: Speakers Bureau. Vassilakopoulos: AstraZeneca: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; Dr. Reddy's: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria, Other: Travel; Merck: Honoraria, Research Funding; Integris: Honoraria; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel; Genesis Pharma: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Karyopharm: Research Funding. Vitale: Janssen: Honoraria. Yáñez: Gilead-Kite, Janssen, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Beigene, Roche, Pfizer, Jazz, BMS, and Merck: Other: Advisory board participation fees ; Janssen, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Gilead-Kite, Roche, Pfizer, and Merck: Speakers Bureau. Antic: AbbVie, Janssen, and Roche: Honoraria. Coscia: Janssen: Honoraria, Other, Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria, Other. Cuneo: AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Gaidano: Beigene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Astrazeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Guièze: Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astrazeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria. Laurenti: AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; BeiGene: Honoraria. Murru: Abbvie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel and accommodation; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria. Sportoletti: AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria. Tam: Beigene: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Loxo: Honoraria; Beigene: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria. Trněný: Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses; MorphoSys: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses; Celgene: Consultancy; 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General Hospital in Prague: Current Employment; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Portola: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses. Bosch Albareda: Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; Abbvie: Consultancy; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding; Kite: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Lilly: Honoraria. Doubek: Janssen-Cilag, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Amgen, Gilead, Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding. Chatzidimitriou: Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding. Ghia: AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Acerta/AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; ArQule/MSD: Consultancy, Honoraria; BeiGene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene/Juno/BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sunesis: Research Funding. Stamatopoulos: AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding.

Theoretical basis 1. Maria Jarlstrom, Essi Saru, and Sinikka Vanhala, “Sustainable Human Resource Management With Salience of Stakeholders: A Top Management Perspective,” Journal of Business Ethics, 152, (2008): 703–724. 2. Benjamin A. Neville, Simon J. Bell, and Gregory J., “Stakeholder Salience Revisited: Refining, Redefining, and Refueling an Underdeveloped Conceptual Tool,” Journal of Business Ethics, 102, (2011): 357–378. 3. Mick Marchington, Fang Lee Cooke, and Gail Hebson. “Human Resource Management Across Organizational Boundaries,” Sage Handbook of Human Resource Management, (2009): 460–477. Research methodology This secondary source case is based mainly on three documents: the 20-page report by a labor union, Unite Here, titled “One Job Should Be Enough: Inequality at Starbucks”; and two reports by former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder Jr. and Covington & Burlington, LLP. Case overview/synopsis In February 2020, Unite Here, a labor union, released a damming report about employment practices at the airport Starbucks stores operated by licensee, HMSHost. Among other charges, the report identified several instances of racial and gender discrimination that HMSHost dismissed as a ploy by a union intent on organizing its employees. The adverse publicity, however, put Starbucks Corporation in the spotlight because of the company’s publicly stated commitment to workplace equality. The recently hired Nzinga Shaw, the company’s first-ever Global Chief Inclusion and Diversity Officer, had to address the issue at HMSHost lest it adversely affect Starbucks’ reputation as a progressive employer. Complexity academic level The case is best suited for a graduate or undergraduate course in human resource management or labor relations. As diversity is typically covered in the first third of such courses, the ideal placement of this case would be in the early part of the course. As Starbucks is a well-known name, and it is very likely that students have had their own experience with Starbucks, as either a customer or an employee, the case is likely to draw their interest. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Abstract Introduction: In the MURANO trial (NCT02005471), fixed-duration VenR (2 yrs Ven + R for the first 6 mo) improved survival and rates of undetectable minimal residual disease (MRD) over bendamustine (Benda)-R in pts with R/R CLL. Novel recurrent mutations in BCL2 and family genes (eg BAX and PMAIP1 [encoding Noxa]) have been linked to Ven resistance. We analyzed MRD+ samples from VenR-treated pts in MURANO to assess the nature and frequency of acquired mutations in BCL2 family genes (marker of emergent Ven resistance) and TP53 (may negatively impact response to re-Tx). We also analyzed the impact of these mutations on time to next CLL Tx (TTNT) and subsequent response. Methods: Pts included in this analysis received up to 2 yrs of VenR and had, at any time, ≥1 CLL cell per 100 leukocytes (high MRD+) in peripheral blood. Deep next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed without cell selection using a custom targeted NGS panel, encompassing 87 cell death related genes (coding regions and selected promoters). A CD19-enriched pre-Tx sample, analyzed by whole-exome sequencing, was available for all pts for comparison. Data cutoff was May 8, 2020, for the MURANO main study and Oct 13, 2020, for the substudy (where pts received next-line VenR following progression after initial VenR Tx). TTNT was calculated using the main study Ven completion/discontinuation date and the date of the first subsequent CLL Tx. Results: 107 samples from 42 pts, collected 21-42 mo post-Tx initiation, were evaluable. No BCL2 mutations were identified (limit of detection - variant allele frequency [VAF] 1%). Acquired BAX and PMAIP1 mutations were seen in 4 and 2 pts, respectively. Discordance between VAF and CLL MRD, and lack of proportionality in results with serial testing, suggested presence of BAX mutations in the non-CLL compartment in some pts, with further testing of sorted populations needed to clarify the source. All BAX mutations identified have been predicted to lead to loss of protein function, including 4 frameshift mutations. PMAIP1 mutations included a frameshift mutation (T86fs) and a mutation affecting gene splicing, both suggesting a loss-of-function effect. Nineteen TP53 mutations in 15/42 pts were observed across longitudinal samples (8/19 mutations in 6 pts present at baseline, 11/19 in 11 pts newly acquired, and 2 pts with both baseline and acquired mutations). Co-occurrence of TP53mut with BAXmut or PMAIP1mut was observed in 3/15 and 1/15 pts, respectively; based on VAF and assuming heterozygosity, these were likely in different clones. After Ven cessation, 28/42 (66.7%) had received an additional anti-CLL Tx by the cutoff; 19 pts received Ven-based regimens (15 in the substudy; 4 received other Ven-containing regimens per investigators' choice), 8 pts received ibrutinib (Ibr) monotherapy and 1 pt received Benda. Of the 19 pts who received Ven-based regimens (median 22.6 mo [range 11.9-38.1] post-main study end of Tx), 8 had TP53mut (5 acquired, 3 baseline), with 5/8 (63%) responding (complete response, 3 pts; partial response [PR], 2 pts). Six/11 pts (55%) with TP53-wild-type (WT) responded, all PRs. Two pts with TP53mut received Ibr as next Tx (one responded) vs 6 TP53-WT pts (all responded). The one pt treated with Benda without response had coexisting TP53mut and BAXmut. One patient with BAXmut received Ven re-Tx without response, while in pts with BAXmut and PMAIP1mut, responses to Ibr were 100% (2/2 pts) and 50% (1/2 pts), respectively (Table). No association was apparent between acquired TP53mut and TTNT, median 784 days (d; range 248-1051) vs 617 d (range 302-1142) in TP53-WT pts. Pts harboring BAXmut (n=5) had a shorter median TTNT (305 d; range 248-874) than BAX-WT pts (678 d; range 302-1142). Conclusion: No acquired BCL2 mutations were found in this analysis of pts from MURANO who received fixed-duration VenR Tx and subsequently manifest high MRD+. This suggests that fixed-duration Tx may reduce the propensity for selection of BCL2 resistance mutations, although confirmation using orthogonal methodology with higher sensitivity is required. Acquired TP53 mutations, noted in ~40% of pts, did not preclude response to subsequent Tx (primarily Ven-based regimens). Consistent with the TP53-independent mechanism of Ven, Ven re-Tx may be effective for pts with MRD+ disease who have relapsed following initial fixed-duration VenR Tx. More data are needed to better understand the significance of BAX or PMAIP1 mutations. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Seymour: Takeda: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Gilead: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Mei Pharma: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Morphosys: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; AbbVie: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sunesis: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Wu: Roche/GNE: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Genentech, Inc.: Current Employment. Popovic: AbbVie: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Eichhorst: Consultant Department I for Internal Medicine: Consultancy; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accomodation, expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accomodation, expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accomodation, expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accomodation, expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BeiGene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; AstraZeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accomodation, expenses, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Travel, accomodation, expenses, Speakers Bureau; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Speakers Bureau; Hexal: Speakers Bureau; ArQule: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oxford Biomedica (UK): Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; MSD: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; University Hospital of Cologne: Current Employment. Hillmen: University of Leeds: Current Employment; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gilead: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Honoraria; SOBI: Honoraria. Kipps: European Research Initiative on CLL (ERIC): Honoraria; DAVA Pharmaceuticals: Speakers Bureau; Bionest Partner: Other; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Research Funding; Genetech: Honoraria, Other; Genentech-Roche: Consultancy; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Honoraria, Other; MD Anderson Cancer Center: Research Funding; Velos: Research Funding; CRIM: Research Funding; Indy Hematology Review: Other; TG Therapeutics: Other; Verstem: Other, Speakers Bureau; University of California, San Diego: Current Employment; Pharmacyclics/AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Breast Cancer Research Foundation: Research Funding; SCOR - The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society: Research Funding; National Cancer Institute/NIH: Honoraria, Research Funding; DAVAOncology: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Speakers Bureau; Oncternal Therapeutics, Inc.: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Other: Stock or other ownership, Patents & Royalties: Cirmtuzumab was developed by Thomas J. Kipps in the Thomas J. Kipps laboratory and licensed by the University of California to Oncternal Therapeutics, Inc., which provided stock options and research funding to the Thomas J. Kipps laboratory., Research Funding; Genentech/Roche: Honoraria; Moores Cancer Center: Current Employment; MedImmune Inc: Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding; Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Genentech, Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics LLC, an Abbvie Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene Corporation: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Abbott Laboratories: Consultancy, Research Funding. Langerak: Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Research Funding; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd/Genentech, Inc.: Research Funding; Erasmus MS, University Medical Center: Current Employment. Owen: Incyte: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Merck: Honoraria; AstraZeneca: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding; Servier: Honoraria; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Gilead: Honoraria. Dubois: Abbvie: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding. Mellink: Cytogenetic Field: Consultancy; Genome Diagnostics Laboratory, AUMC: Current Employment; Financial support related to microarray analysis of Murano samples: Research Funding. Van Der Kevie-Kersemaekers: Amsterdam University Medical Centers: Current Employment. Dunbar: AbbVie: Current Employment. Jiang: Genentech, Inc./F.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current Employment; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Chyla: AbbVie: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Boyer: Roche: Current Employment. Thadani-Mulero: Roche: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Lefebure: Roche: Current Employment; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Harrup: AstraZeneca: Other: Advisory board. Kater: Genmab, LAVA: Other: Ad Board, Steering Committee; BMS, Roche/Genentech: Other: Ad Board, , Research Funding; Janssen, AstraZeneca: Other: Ad Board, steering committee, Research Funding; Abbvie: Honoraria, Other: Ad Board, Research Funding.

Abstract Previous studies have revealed a critical role of methylation deregulation in the onset and progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In mammalian cells, DNA methylation is dynamically established by the DNA methyltransferase 3 (DNMT3) family of de novo methyltransferases DNMT3A. Although mutations of DNMT3A are rarely observed in CLL, our RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of 107 human CLLs show that low DNMT3A expression is associated with more aggressive disease, and supports a driving role of DNMT3A loss in CLL. To test this hypothesis, we generated a conditional knock-out mouse model with B cell-restricted deletion of Dnmt3a. Homozygous Dnmt3a depletion in B cells resulted in the development of CD5+ B cell leukemia mimicking human CLL with 100% penetrance at a median age of onset of 5.3 months, and heterozygous Dnmt3a depletion yielded a disease penetrance of 89% with a median onset at 18.5 months, confirming its role as a haplo-insufficient tumor suppressor. Given the known role of Dnmt3a as a de novo methyltransferase, we first evaluated the impact of Dnmt3a depletion on global DNA methylation in non-leukemic CD5+ B cells isolated from the peritoneal cavity by cell sorting (i.e. B1a cells) using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). We identified a set of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) (difference>0.2), mostly hypomethylated, in Dnmt3afl/fl versus WT B1a cells (473 hypomethylated, 19 hypermethylated). Genes with dysregulated methylation were highly enriched in pathways involved in immune response (e.g., Interferon-α signaling, JAK/STAT3 signaling) and proliferation (Wnt Signaling and Notch signaling). Given the prominent hypomethylation changes observed in Dnmt3a depleted B1a cells, we investigated whether these would lead to altered gene transcript expression. Using RNA-seq, we detected 460 downregulated and 168 upregulated genes in the Dnmt3afl/fl B1a cells compared to WT B1a cells (FDR<0.05, fold change >2). Consistent with the methylation data, differentially expressed genes were likewise enriched for JAK/STAT3 signaling, Wnt Signaling and Notch signaling, supporting a direct influence of dysregulated methylation on downstream signaling cascades. We investigated the changes in methylomes of the CLL cells arising from the Dnmt3afl/fl animals. Compared to WT B1a cells, Dnmt3afl/fl CLL cells generated 1335 hypomethylated and 2369 hypermethylated DMRs in. Focusing on genes that were hypomethylated in CLL compared to WT B1a cells, we found that these were highly enriched for several oncogenic signaling pathways including Notch signaling and Wnt Signaling, consistent with the pre-leukemia findings. RNA-seq analysis identified more upregulated (n=2801) than downregulated (n=1244) genes in CLL cells compared to WT B1a cells (FDR<0.05, FC>2), supporting a role of Dnmt3a depletion in transcriptional activation. We observed a general upregulation of Notch signaling genes and the downstream Notch targets, implicating Notch activation in this CLL mouse model. Of note, we showed Dnmt3a-depleted CLL cells to be highly sensitive to Notch inhibitor DAPT both in vitro and in a transplantable mouse model. Consistently, primary human CLL cells with low DNMT3A expression were more sensitive to DAPT than those with higher DNMT3A expression (P=0.005, Spearman correlation), despite similar sensitivity to ibrutinib and venetoclax. Together, our results have confirmed the causal role of Dnmt3a downregulation in CLL generation. We provide evidence in support of the interaction between Dnmt3a-dependent methylation changes and hyperactivation of Notch signaling in transcriptional reprogramming and transformation of B1a cells into CLL. Furthermore, we demonstrate differential sensitivity of DNMT3A high and low expressing primary CLLs to Notch inhibition, indicative of consistent dependencies of human and murine CLLs. Thus, the Dnmt3a models provides a unique opportunity for the study of non-mutational Notch activation, and a useful platform for the study of Notch-signaling targeted therapeutics. Disclosures Kipps: Abbott Laboratories: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene Corporation: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics LLC, an Abbvie Company: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, Accommodations, Expenses, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Genentech, Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding; MedImmune Inc: Research Funding; Moores Cancer Center: Current Employment; Oncternal Therapeutics, Inc.: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Other: Stock or other ownership, Patents & Royalties: Cirmtuzumab was developed by Thomas J. Kipps in the Thomas J. Kipps laboratory and licensed by the University of California to Oncternal Therapeutics, Inc., which provided stock options and research funding to the Thomas J. Kipps laboratory., Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Speakers Bureau; DAVAOncology: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other; DAVA Pharmaceuticals: Speakers Bureau; Bionest Partner: Other; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Research Funding; Genetech: Honoraria, Other; Genentech-Roche: Consultancy; Gilead Sciences: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Honoraria, Other; MD Anderson Cancer Center: Research Funding; Velos: Research Funding; CRIM: Research Funding; Indy Hematology Review: Other; TG Therapeutics: Other; Verstem: Other, Speakers Bureau; University of California, San Diego: Current Employment; Pharmacyclics/AbbVie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Breast Cancer Research Foundation: Research Funding; SCOR - The Leukemia and Lymphoma Society: Research Funding; National Cancer Institute/NIH: Honoraria, Research Funding; Genentech/Roche: Honoraria; European Research Initiative on CLL (ERIC): Honoraria. Neuberg: Madrigal Pharmaceuticals: Other: Stock ownership; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding. Letai: Flash Therapeutics: Other: equity holding member of the scientific advisory board; Dialectic Therapeutics: Other: equity holding member of the scientific advisory board; Zentalis Pharmaceuticals: Other: equity holding member of the scientific advisory board. Wu: BioNTech: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding.

This chapter features the Shin family and their ongoing efforts to help a wayward son navigate a rocky road toward young adulthood. At the start of the ethnographic involvement with this family, the son had gotten into minor troubles with the law and was struggling to graduate from high school. In the ensuing years, the son wandered from one low-skilled job to another and never managed more than a semester here and there at a community college, creating many parental worries, regrets, and recriminations about what went wrong in their parenting and family life. This chapter illustrates the challenges Korean American families face when their children’s school and career pathways do not conform to the conventional success frame that many immigrant Asian American families hold.

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is an information-intense environment where more patient data points are recorded than in other wards. The electronic Record for Intensive Care (eRIC) is an ICU information system that integrates patient data every minute from multiple systems. Once implemented across New South Wales (NSW), eRIC will be one of the largest system-wide ICU clinical information systems in the world. This study explored experiences with the use of eRIC by ICU clinicians at an Australian metropolitan teaching hospital. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews relating to physician electronic test management processes were conducted with 11 ICU clinicians and one clinical information system manager was observed in their use of the system. The introduction of eRIC resulted in an additional patient record, which was perceived to hold implications for workflow and patient safety. Study findings are valuable for informing implementation as the rollout of eRIC continues.

Abstract On Einstein’s seventy-sixth and last birthday, March 14, 1955, his neighbor Eric Rogers presented him with a toy constructed of a heavy ball, a spring, a broomstick, and other commonly found objects. The contraption is shown in Figures I.la, lb, le. A brass ball attached to a string hangs outside a metal cup into which the ball can fit snugly. The string passes through a hole in the cup and down through a pipe, where it is tied to a spring. This entire assembly is mounted on a curtain rod so that one can hold on to the whole contraption easily. Finally, the cup and ball assembly is enclosed in a transparent glass sphere to give it a finished look.

This chapter reviews the espionage film, The Counterfeit Traitor (1962). The film stars William Holden as Eric “Red” Erickson, a man who must be converted to the Allied cause during World War II. Thus The Counterfeit Traitor embarks on a transition from reluctant spy to committed freedom fighter, the change being made possible by the heroine Marianne Möllendorf, played by Lilli Palmer. Based on the 1958 nonfiction book of the same title by Alexander Klein, The Counterfeit Traitor is true in its broad contours if not in all details. The chapter provides historical details to flesh out the film's narrative, though its focus remains on the emotional development between the two lead characters.

The Epilogue rethinks the theoretical, political, and ethical relevance of choreographic gesture through Eric Santner’s work on political theology and economy. Departing from Agamben’s theory of gesture, it derives gesture’s ontological status not from its pure mediality, but from its gag-like function, as physical performance that cannot be detached from its impact of impediment, of Benjaminian intermittency. The Epilogue argues that a dance studies approach is able to trace the singular appearances of gestural performance in more detailed fashion than a philosophical approach. It holds that gestural performance turns into concrete practice what Santner calls “flesh,” the diffuse symbolic substance that survives monarchic structures of power even after their actual disappearance. It suggests that the gestural imaginary participates in the modern managment of the dimension of work, which has taken over the value attached to practices of glory that used to sustain the king.

Chapter 4 highlights the strategies Eric and the men of Brothers Changing the Hood used in their efforts to help young men in their neighborhood. The men met the gendered expectations of being protectors and providers by serving as buffers from the various threats that young men in the neighborhood encounter, from violence to the intervention of law enforcement, and as bridges between other organizations and the young men these organizations often have difficulty reaching. The chapter also illuminates the ways that men extend understandings of Black masculinity by investing in emotional and relational aspects of caregiving. Their efforts reveal that strength need not always be coupled with dominance – a revelation that holds the seeds of a radically redefined understanding of Black gender ideologies. The chapter also provides evidence of the limits of these efforts, especially the degree to which surveillance and state-sanctioned violence can impede men’s efforts to redeem themselves as Black fathers.

In 2014, questionable police killings of Eric Garner, Michael Brown, and Tamir Rice sparked mass protests and put policing at the center of national debate. Mass protests erupted again in 2020 after the brutal police killings of Breonna Taylor and George Floyd. These and other incidents have put a spotlight on a host of issues that threaten the legitimacy of policing—excessive force, racial bias, over-policing of marginalized communities, historic injustices that remain unaddressed, and new technology that increases police powers. This introduction gives an overview of these ethical challenges facing police today and the democratic institutions that oversee them. It then outlines the various interdisciplinary perspectives—from Black studies, criminology, history, law, philosophy, political science, and sociology—collected in the volume. Together, these contributions aim to clarify what ethical principles should guide police, where current practices fall short, and what strategies hold the most promise for addressing these failures.

Erin Jenne (2018), in her highly instructive article dedicated to ethnopopulism: Is Nationalism or Ethnopopulism on the Rise Today?, defines ethnopopulism as a “discourse that equates ‘the people’ with ‘the nation’ and holds that sovereignty should be an expression of the will of the ‘nation-people”30. She refers to Mudde’s notion of the populist radical right31, denoting the moment when he draws attention to the fact that in recent decades nationalist parties are experiencing their rise and most of these parties are taking on an ethnopopulist form.32 Populism33, as such, it is worth mentioning, according to Mudde, is an antagonistic ideology, i.e. an ideology that considers that society is divided into two homogeneous and antagonistic groups, "pure people" versus "corrupt elite" and politics should be an expression of the volante general of the people’ / or general will of the people (Mudde, 2004)34. Later, in line with Stavrakakis and De Cleen, Jenne puts an eye on the notion that populism and nationalism both serve to inscribe the boundaries of the idealized sovereign community more restrictively - excluding elites and “national others”, and also that nationalism is an antagonistic in-out discourse that excludes non-nationals, while populism is an antagonistic up-down discourse that excludes elites or the political establishment (De Cleen 2017; De Cleen and Stavrakakis 2017; De Cleen et al. 2020; Jenne 2022)35. She elaborates: ….” What happens when nationalism is co-articulated with populism in a single political system? The answer lies within the mobilizational logic of each. Nationalist politicians use symbols to mobilize the population against perceived foreign or domestic threats related to the ethnos.

The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), New Orleans District (MVN), tasked the US Army Engineer and Research Development Center (ERDC) with assessing the condition of a grouted scour hole located at the southeast wall of the Old River Low Sill Structure (ORLSS) at the Old River Control Complex (ORCC) using noninvasive techniques, such as geophysical surveys and physical models. This special report (SR) combines a scientific literature synthesis of previous research with further geologic interpretation as a first step in the overall task assigned by MVN. The results discussed in this SR will be used to inform the interpretation of geophysical surveys, construction of physical models, and input for the slope stability analyses.