Tesis sobre el tema "History – social aspects"
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Hollowell, Steven. "Aspects of Northamptonshire inclosure : social and economic motives and movements". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243662.
Texto completoHarrison, Helen E. "In the picture of health, portraits of health, disease and citizenship in Canada's public health advice literature, 1920-1960". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ63424.pdf.
Texto completoGuha, Roy Shyamal Chandra. "Study of some aspects of the history of Kamata-Koch Bihar". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1985. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/5097.
Texto completoPotter, Christopher Thomas. "An exploration of social and cultural aspects of motorcycling during the interwar period". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2007. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/2509/.
Texto completoLaughton, Jane. "Aspects of the social and economic history of late medieval Chester, 1350-c.1500". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273128.
Texto completoStober, JoAnne. "That's not what I heard, synchronized sound cinema in Montreal, 1926-1931". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ64013.pdf.
Texto completoGreer, Kirsten Aletta. "Recreational birdwatching, empire, and gender in southern Ontario, 1791-1886". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65197.pdf.
Texto completoQuick, Abdullah Hakim. "Aspects of Islamic social intellectual history in Hausaland, 'Uthman Ibn Fudi, 1774-1804 C.E". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1995. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ28150.pdf.
Texto completoMusemwa, Muchaparara. "Aspects of the social and political history of Langa Township, Cape Town, 1927-1948". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21707.
Texto completoThis study focuses on the social and political history of Africans in Langa Township from 1927 to 1948. Langa conveniently and justifiably serves as a good case study of the urban African experience because it is the area in Greater Cape Town, during this period, where there was the largest concentration of a relatively organised, stabilised and permanent African working class community. It is also the oldest township with the deepest roots and longest evolution in Cape Town. Langa also makes an interesting area of study because the politics surrounding its evolution as an urban African segregated residential township presents it not only as an arena of social conflict between the ruler and the ruled, but also stands out as a veritable testimony of the African struggle to become an integral part of the city. The thesis traces what, initially, began as an "externalised" struggle by Africans against the forced removals from the city and Ndabeni Location to Langa and attempts to establish the continuities of this struggle within the township - i.e."internalised" struggle. African popular struggles in Langa predominantly centred around such issues as rents, railway fares, living conditions, restrictions on beer brewing and trading activities, the demand for direct municipal representation and the freedom of movement. The study explores the nature of the relationship that subsisted between the Langa residents and the Cape Town City Council and the internal social and political relations in the Langa community, paying particular attention to conflicting tendencies and the forms of resolution implemented. The thesis aims to highlight the fact that protest and resistance were the only weapons that empowered the Langa residents to fight against unilateral unpopular decisions by the local authority or central government. Flowing from these findings is an attempt to discover how the lived experiences of the Langa people, their frustrations, disillusionment, crises of expectations, translated into political consciousness and how these help us to explain the people's role in nationalist politics. Alternatively, this will help us to explain how political parties, the African National Congress (ANC), the Communist Party of South Africa (CPS A), and the National Liberation League (NLL) exploited the crises in civic matters to enhance or strengthen their support bases and with what results.
Brown, Robert Bruce. "Holy war as an instrument of theocratic and social ideology in Judaic, Christian, and Islamic history". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1428.
Texto completoPeacock, Dave. "Morals, rituals, and gender : aspects of social relations in the Diocese of Norwich, 1660-1703". Thesis, University of York, 1996. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2452/.
Texto completoBellay, Susan. "Pluralism and race/ethnic relations in Canadian social science, 1880-1939". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57503.pdf.
Texto completoBorsay, Anne. "Patrons and governors : aspects of the social history of the Bath Infirmary, c.1739-1830". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683159.
Texto completoMackintosh, Phillip Gordon. "Imagination and the modern city, reform and the urban geography of Toronto, 1890-1929". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59532.pdf.
Texto completoHalpern, Monda M. "But on the farm-- feminism means something else, Ontario farm women and feminism, 1900-1970". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22463.pdf.
Texto completoMosely, Philip Alan. "A social history of soccer in New South Wales 1880-1957". Phd thesis, Department of History, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8951.
Texto completoDamron, Jason Gary. "Transgressing Sexuality: An Interdisciplinary Study of Economic History, Anthropology, and Queer Theory". PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/622.
Texto completoDavies, J. D. "The seagoing personnel of the navy, 1660-1689 : Political, religious and social aspects". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375859.
Texto completoWolska, Barbara. "History, culture and alcohol: Drinking patterns in Poland and Australia". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1040.
Texto completoNicholls, Paul. "The social expectations of Anglican clergy in England and Australia, 1850-1910". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:52828db5-d273-41db-8516-c873e1e7a91a.
Texto completoMacArthur, E. Mairi. "The Island of Iona : aspects of its social and economic history from 1750 to 1914". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19067.
Texto completoDevon, Terrence J. (Terrence John). "Language, media, and the concept of a machine : toward a unified theory of communication in history". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39778.
Texto completoWalters, Handri. "Religion, intolerance, and social identity". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4175.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the past few decades the secular world has witnessed an increasing assault, specifically from the monotheistic religious fundamentalist community, on their beliefs and values. The undeniable intolerance shown by the religious fundamentalist community has often translated into violent terrorist attacks against the secular world. The fact that religious beings can resort to such atrocious acts of violence has certainly baffled many onlookers. It surely comes as no surprise that religious fundamentalism is generally viewed as a ''hard-to-understand‟ phenomenon. This literature review will describe the ''hard-to-understand‟ phenomenon that is religious fundamentalism by employing social identity theory. The social identity of religious fundamentalists is generally derived from sacred texts and what they consider to be absolute truths. These presumed absolute truths not only provide ample opportunity for the development of the ''us‟/''them‟ duality, but also provide a platform for an intense intolerance of the ''other‟, also referred to as the out-group. Of course, the ''us‟/''them‟ duality can be created on many social dimensions, but religion has proven to bring quite an extensive, even murderous, intolerance to in- and out-group characterizations. The ever increasing actions of religious fundamentalist groups over the past few decades have certainly illustrated this point with some conviction. The importance of social identity has been recognised in many major traditions of the social sciences, not excluding political science. Social identity forms the basis of any group‟s actions or reactions. Therefore, its significance stretches far beyond simply providing an identity to a social group. Social identity also acts as a preamble to how a social group, in this case religious fundamentalists, chooses to deal with invidious comparisons. By employing social identity in this particular way we can go beyond investigating how religious fundamentalists act and react to the point of understanding why they act and react the way they do. In this study it was found that although a number of options to deal with invidious comparisons are available to social groups, only a few of these options are likely to be pursued by religious fundamentalists in order to remain a relevant and competitive social group within the social hierarchy. This approach will provide important insights into a formerly ''hard-to-understand‟ phenomenon namely religious fundamentalism.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oor die laaste paar dekades het die sekulêre wêreld 'n toenemende aanslag op sy oortuigings en waardes waargeneem, spesifiek vanaf die monoteïstiese godsdienstige fundamentalistiese gemeenskap. Die onloënbare onverdraagsaamheid wat deur hierdie godsdienstige fundamentalistiese gemeenskap getoon word ontaard dikwels in geweldadige terroriste aanvalle op die sekulêre wêreld. Die feit dat godsdienstige individue hulself begwewe tot sulke wreedaaardige dade van geweld het verseker baie toeskouers verydel. Dis is sekerlik dan nie 'n verrassing dat godsdienstige fundamentalisme gesien word as 'n ''moelik-om-te-begryp‟ fenomeen nie. Hierdie literatuur oorsig sal die ''moelik-om-te-begryp‟ fenomeen wat godsdienstige fundamentalisme is beskryf deur gebruik te maak van die sosiale identiteits teorie. Die sosiale identiteit van godsdienstige fundamentaliste spruit oor die algemeen uit heilige teks en absolute waarhede. Hierdie absolute waarhede bied nie slegs ruim geleenthede vir die ontwikkeling van die ''ons‟/''hulle‟ dualiteit nie, maar bied ook 'n platform vir 'n intense onverdraagsaamheid van die 'ander‟, wat ook verwys word na as die buite-groep. Natuurlik kan die ''ons‟/''hulle‟ dualiteit op grond van baie ander sosiale dimensies ontwikkel word, maar godsdiens het telke male al gedemonstreer dat dit 'n omvattende, selfs moordadige, onverdraagsaamheid na binne- en buite-groep karakterisering bring. Die al ewige toenemende aksies van godsdienstige fundamentalistiese groepe oor die laaste paar dekades illustreer sekerlik hierdie punt met oortuiging. Die belangrikheid van sosiale identiteit word erken deur verskeie tradisies van die sosiale wetenskappe en politieke wetenskap word nie hier uitgesluit nie. Sosiale identiteit vorm die basis van enige groep se aksies en reaksies. Vir hierdie rede strek die betekenisvoheid ver verby die feit dat slegs 'n identiteit aan 'n sosiale groep verskaf word. Sosiale identiteit tree op as 'n voorrede vir die manier waarop 'n sosiale groep, in ons geval godsdienstige fundamentaliste, verkies om onbenydenswaardige vergelykings te hanteer. Deur sosiale identiteit op hierdie besondere manier aan te spreek kan ons verder gaan as om slegs ondersoek in te stel in hoe godsdienstige fundamentaliste optree en reageer tot die punt waar ons kan verstaan hoekom hulle optree en reageer op hierdie spesifieke manier. In hierdie studie is gevind dat alhoewel daar 'n aantal opsies beskikbaar is vir sosiale groepe om onbenydenswaardige vergelykings te hanteer, is daar slegs 'n paar van hierdie opsies wat mees waarskynlik nagestreef sal word deur godsdienstige fundamentaliste ten 'n einde 'n relevante en kompeterende sosiale groep binne die sosial hïerargie te wees. Hierdie benadering sal belangrike insigte bring tot die voormalige 'moeilik-om-te-begryp‟ fenomeen genaamd godsdienstige fundamentalisme.
Wells, Camille. "Social and economic aspects of eighteenth-century housing on the northern neck of Virginia". W&M ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623857.
Texto completoWilson, John Campbell. "A history of the UK renewable energy programme, 1974-88 : some social, political, and economic aspects". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3121/.
Texto completoHall, Valerie Gordon. "Aspects of the political and social history of Ashington, a Northumberland coal mining community, 1870-1914". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.530758.
Texto completoWong, Lai-man David y 黃禮文. "The contemporary history of press commentaries on the English languagein Hong Kong (1 January 1997 to 30 June 1997)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951545.
Texto completoHardy, Jean-Pierre. "La naissance du confort, ou, La mutation de la vie quotidienne dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent, 1790-1835". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0008/NQ32637.pdf.
Texto completoReimers, Mia. "The glamour and the horror a social history of wartime, northwestern British Columbia, 1939-1945 /". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0029/MQ62493.pdf.
Texto completoSupartono, Alexander. "Re-imag(in)ing history : photography and the sugar industry in colonial Java". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11909.
Texto completoau, deb quarmby@supernerd com y Debbie Quarmby. "The politics of parks : a history of Tasmania's national parks 1885-2005". Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20090422.140836.
Texto completoGlavanis, Pandelis Michalis. "Aspects of the economic and social history of the Greek community in Alexandria during the nineteenth century". Thesis, University of Hull, 1989. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3580.
Texto completoShepherd, Verene Albertha. "Pens and pen-keepers in a plantation society : aspects of Jamaican social and economic history, 1740-1845". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272366.
Texto completoNichols, Cynthia A. "The Creation of Fictional History in the Tequila Industry". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955073/.
Texto completoFutterer, Patricia. "Cultural studies of science : skinning bodies in Western medicine". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23332.
Texto completoHarris, Regina Gray. "Social emanations: Toward a sociology of human olfaction". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5170/.
Texto completoReaves, Joseph Allen. "A history of baseball in Asia : assimilating, rejecting and remaking America's game /". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19470472.
Texto completoGriffiths, Paul. "Some aspects of social history of youth in early modern England, with particular reference to the period c.1560-c.1640". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273130.
Texto completoHofstee, Erik J. W. "The great divide : aspects of the social history of the middle passage in the trans-Atlantic slave trade". Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?res_dat=xri:ssbe&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_dat=xri:ssbe:ft:keyresource:Love_Diss_01.
Texto completoRosenfeld, Jean. "A noble house in the city, domestic architecture as elite signification in late 19th century Hamilton". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ61986.pdf.
Texto completoBastow, Sarah L. "Aspects of the history of the Catholic gentry of Yorkshire from the Pilgrimage of Grace to the First Civil War". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2002. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/4675/.
Texto completoKell, Patricia Ellen. "British collecting, 1656-1800 : scientific enquiry and social practice". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670252.
Texto completoHambridge, Katherine Grace. "The performance of history : music, identity and politics in Berlin, 1800-1815". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283937.
Texto completoSmith, John H. "Fear, frustration and the will to overcome: A social history of poliomyelitis in Western Australia". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1997. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/921.
Texto completoCarreta, Jorge Augusto. "O microbio e o inimigo : debates sobre a microbiologia no Brasil (1885-1904)". [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287015.
Texto completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T22:10:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carreta_JorgeAugusto_D.pdf: 1645136 bytes, checksum: 628069139e0969a3c34089c9f3ef44ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: O objetivo principal desta tese é mostrar o conflituoso processo de aceitação do conhecimento da microbiologia no Brasil entre o final do século XIX e começo do século XX. O foco se concentrou nas polêmicas e controvérsias em torno deste conhecimento entre os cientistas e médicos do Rio de Janeiro. Inicialmente, foram analisados os efeitos da Reforma de 1880 na Faculdade de Medicina, ligada aos projetos de profissionalização dos médicos cariocas, e que ambicionava introduzir os mais recentes avanços da medicina experimental na instituição. O trabalho mostra que essa reforma obteve alguns êxitos, mas teve alcance limitado. Entre as metas não atingidas pelos médicos estava o estabelecimento do consenso acerca do conhecimento que embasaria a sua profissão. Em seguida, essa ausência de consenso é exposta por meio do exame das diversas polêmicas sobre a etiologia, combate e profilaxia das doenças epidêmicas, que assolavam a capital do país desde a década de 1850. Destaque especial foi dado a doenças como a varíola, a febre amarela e o beribéri. Também foi investigada a trajetória do Laboratório de Fisiologia do Museu Nacional, um dos espaços exteriores à Faculdade de Medicina onde se desenvolveram atividades na área de microbiologia. A análise das controvérsias sobre o conhecimento microbiológico, ainda não completamente aceito por todos os médicos e pela sociedade, serviu assim para indicar o grau de experimentalismo e improvisação que ainda marcava a ciência médica no Brasil do último quartel do século XIX. Já no século XX, dois episódios foram escolhidos para continuar a acompanhar esse processo: a fundação do Instituto Soroterápico de Manguinhos (1899) e a Revolta da Vacina (1904). No primeiro caso, foram enfatizadas as dúvidas que rondavam a produção e aplicação de soros curativos. No segundo, foi evidenciada a desconfiança que setores letrados e não letrados tinham do uso da vacina como meio profilático. Finalmente, aponto para a permanência do dissenso sobre a microbiologia nas décadas seguintes usando um debate pouco conhecido da literatura brasileira sobre o tema. Trata-se da disputa entre os partidários das idéias de Louis Pasteur e Antoine Béchap. Este último negava a teoria microbiana das doenças e afirmava que os estados doentios advinham de um desequilíbrio do próprio organismo. Ficou claro que mesmo após fundação do Instituto de Manguinhos, tido por alguns como o marco inicial das atividades científicas no Brasil, a microbiologia ainda levou alguns bons anos para obter o consenso (não absoluto) de que desfruta hoje em dia
Abstract: The main objective of this work is to show the conflictive acceptance process of the microbiology in Brazil in the late XIX and beginnings of XX centuries. The focus was kept in the controversies about this knowledge among the Brazilian scientists and physicians. The first analysis made in this work is the one of the effects of the 1880's reforms in Rio de Janeiro's Medical School that was linked to the profissionalization projects of the Brazilian physicians. This project¿s main goal was to introduce the most recent advances of experimental medicine in that school. The investigation shows that the reform was only partially successful, as they did not achieve a consensus regarding the knowledge that would be the basis of their profession. This lack of consensus is exposed by the analyzes of the polemics about the etiology, combat and prophylaxis of epidemic diseases that had been devastating the capital of the country since 1850. Special prominence is given to illnesses such as smallpox, yellow fever and beriberi. Also the trajectory of the Physiology Laboratory of the National Museum is investigated in this work, known as an outside space to the Medicine School and where activities in the microbiology area were developed. The analyzes of the controversies on the microbiological knowledge, not yet completely accepted by all the doctors and the society, revealed the depth of uncertainty that marked the Brazilian medical science in the last quarter of the XIX century. Already in the XX century, two episodes were chosen to follow this process: the foundation of the Manguinhos Serumtherapeutical Institute (1899) and the Vaccine Revolt (1904). In the first episode, the emphasis is made on the doubts concerning the production and application of serum to cure the epidemic diseases. In the second, there is an exposure of the suspicion of the physicians and population on the vaccine as a way of prophylaxis. Finally, this study shows the permanence of the dissent on the microbiology during the following decades through an almost unknown debate on the history of biology: the dispute between the ideas from Louis Pasteur and the ones from Antoine Béchamp. The last one denied the microbial theory of the illnesses and affirmed that the unhealthy states happens from disequilibrium of the organism itself. The microbiology still took some good years after the foundation of the Manguinhos Institute, fact that would be identified/known by some people as the initial mark of scientific activities in Brazil, to achieve the consensus (not absolute) that it has nowadays
Doutorado
Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica
Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica
Moore, Oliver J. "The literary arena : social and ceremonial aspects of Chinese state examinations in the T'ang chih-yen by Wang Ting-Pao (870-940)". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272400.
Texto completoByrne, Graeme. "Schemes of nation : a planning history of the Snowy Mountains Scheme". Phd thesis, Department of Art History and Theory, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11445.
Texto completoBiswas, Margaret Rose. "FAO : its history and its achievements during the first four decades, 1945-1985". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0b79db50-0d09-422e-8a11-d0ef8e9d47c3.
Texto completoGraham, Ian D. (Ian Douglas) 1961. "The episiotomy crusade". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28764.
Texto completoMolapo, Rachidi Richard. "Sports, festivals and popular politics : aspects of the social and popular culture in Langa township, 1945-70". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15984.
Texto completoThe rapid industrialization which transformed South African Society after the discovery of minerals, had a profound impact on the lives of most South Africans. The process of urbanization escalated during and after the Second World War because of better wages and job opportunities in the urban areas. South African urbanization was characterized by the brutal manner in which the state dealt with the Black people. The White middle and working classes' fear of being engulfed by this Black tide led to the multi-pronged strategies which were devised to contain and co-opt the Africans, hence the creation of townships like Langa. This study looks at how the journey from the rural areas to the cities became part of the 'making of Black working class'. Material conditions in the cities were characterized by social squalor and overcrowding. Ghetto-like conditions created ethnic identities and working class culture, consciousness and community struggles came to reflect capitalist domination in the twentieth century township of Langa. Many residents in the township indulged in leisure pursuits such as dance and music which had their origins in the rural areas and this indicated an important cultural resource which they adhered to so as to cope with the alienating and corrosive compound and hostel life. Some of the residents found pleasure in leisure pursuits whose roots and ethos could be traced to the Victorian period such as cricket, soccer and rugby. All these leisure pursuits however, came largely to be influenced by the realities of township life and the general national and economic exploitation. The working class in Langa was not a homogeneous block as there were intense struggles between the migrants and immigrants over township space and resources. Therefore festivals and sporting activities played an important part in the cultural history of Langa township's effort to create "communities". The last part of the study looked at how the conditions in the city led to the realization by the dominated classes that the solution towards the alleviation of the conditions that they were confronted with was through the formation of structures which aimed at overthrowing institutions of oppression, such as the pass laws.