Bibliografías temáticas / History – philosophy – early works to 1800

Literatura académica sobre el tema "History – philosophy – early works to 1800"

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Publicado: 25 de julio de 2024

Última modificación: 26 de julio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "History – philosophy – early works to 1800"

Fokin, Alexander Anatolyevich. "Philosophical Principles of Heinrich Klee’s Theology (1800–1840)". Philosophy of Religion: Analytic Researches 6, n.º 1 (2022): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2587-683x-2022-6-1-24-36.

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The article focuses on the study of the dogmatic works of Heinrich Klee (1800–1840) in relation to his criticism and reception of contemporary philosophical systems. The dogmatic theology of Heinrich Klee is a little-studied page in the history of Catholic religious thought in the first half of the 19th century, yet for his contemporaries Klee was a significant thinker, and his theology was the subject of active discussion. The works of Klee are known to have been criticized more than once in connection with the possible borrowing of philosophical ideas in his dogmatic theology. This criticism, however, was taken for granted, without being corroborated by any specific study of his texts – a fault the present article seeks to amend. The article attempts to fit the theology of Heinrich Klee into a philosophical context and analyze the philosophical principles in his theology. In the conclusions of the article, we highlight the tendencies and features of the use of philosophical concepts characteristic for Klee and emphasize the breadth and variety of philosophical trends he was debating. The article uses specific examples to demonstrate that, while openly criticizing such сelebrities as Hegel, Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, Klee not only embraced their philosophical language but also borrowed their foundational ideas. In the article, it was demonstrated with specific examples that, openly criticizing such authors as Hegel, Fichte, Schelling, Schleiermacher, he perceives not only the philosophical language of these authors, but also borrows their system-forming ideas. At the same time, his theological thought moved within the strict framework of the Catholic concept of the objectivity of divine Revelation and the authority of the Church. The article sheds light not only on some of the philosophical and theological positions of a particular theologian of the early 19th century, but also on the discussion about the degree of philosophical foundation of theological constructions in the modern era as a whole.

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Patsch, Hermann. "Friedrich Schleiermachers Monologen und der Athenaeums-Kreis Wirkungsabsicht und Wirkungswandel einer frühromantischen Schrift". Journal for the History of Modern Theology / Zeitschrift für Neuere Theologiegeschichte 30, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znth-2023-0001.

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Abstract Schleiermacher’s anonymous Soliloquies of 1800 were written as a Supplement to his likewise anonymous book On Religion, Speeches to its Cultured Despisers of 1799. They are addressed to the circle of intellectuals around the early Romantic periodical Athenaeum, to the „Holy family“ (Friedrich Schlegel), and moreover to the despisers of Transcendental philosophy whose state of discussion is reflected. Thus they belong to the history of modern individual thought. The form of the book follows the contemporary imitation of classical poetic form (Hölderlin) which was prevalent among the Athenaeum Circle as well. Schleiermacher discusses the separation of philosophy and life (Fichte), the forming one’s self and the forming of artistic works (Goethe), i. e. the dichotomy of individuality and artistry. He confesses himself not to be an artist. Schleiermacher’s intention in Soliloquies was to give philosophical idealism a personal depth beyond intellectual speculation. Looking back in 1803 he realizes, in the draft of a poem, that he had idealized his empirical self in his literary self. Except for a few remarks by Schlegel, who at first did not umask the author‘s anonymity, there was no reaction whatever from the Athenaeum Circle. Soliloquies later became a popular Protestant book for spiritual edification.

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Ильясова, Л. Р. "The novels about “new people” of the turn of the 1860s-70s and their reception by the Russian society". Диалог со временем, n.º 76(76) (17 de agosto de 2021): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2021.76.76.030.

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В статье рассматриваются свидетельства о реакции общества на романы о «новых людях», выходившие на рубеже 1860–1870-х гг. Приводятся мнения и отзывы критиков, читателей, цензуры, раскрываются факты о воздействии этой литературы на реальную деятельность интеллигентов. На основе этих данных подтверждается, что романы о «новых людях» отразили запросы и настроения разночинной интеллигенции, оказывали влияние на формирование ее мировоззрения и идеологии, что доказывает ценность такой литературы как исторического источника. The article discusses the evidence of the reaction of the Russian society to novels about “new people”, published in the late 1860s – early 1870s. Opinions and reviews of critics, readers, censorship of works are presented, facts about the impact of this literature on the real activities of intellectuals are revealed. The study confirms the existing that novels about “new people” reflected the demands and moods of the raznochinnaya intelligentsia, influenced the formation of its worldview and ideology, which proves the value of such literature as a historical source.

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Ivanenko, Anton А. y Kseniya V. Kryukova. "“The Wissenschaftslehre 1804 (2)” of J. G. Fichte in the context of the history of philosophy". Philosophy of the History of Philosophy 2 (2021): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu34.2021.111.

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The article highlights the content, structure and terminology of one of the central works of the classic of German idealism J. G. Fichte — “The second course of lectures on the Wissenschaftslehre of 1804” (“The Wissenschaftslehre of 1804 (2)”). Despite such a high significance of this work, it has almost never been the subject of detailed consideration in the domestic research tradition. The reason for this state of affairs is the interweaving of its problems in the context of disputes of the late 18th — early 19th centuries on methodological and substantive principles of philosophy as a science. The complex structure of “The Wissenschaftslehre 1804 (2)” and its unique terminology cannot be deciphered without reference to the specified context. As a result of a comparative analysis of the works of the main opponents of science teaching at that time — F. W. J. Schelling and G. W. F. Hegel — preceding its appearance with the texts of Fichte, the article establishes that the main problems aimed at solving the text of the second course of lectures on the Wissenschaftslehre in 1804 are the problems of introducing absolute philosophy into the point of view and demonstrating the principle of Wissenschaftslehre as free from the opposition of subject and object, thinking and being. Fichte does not recognize the validity of the accusation of his philosophy in subjectivism and himself, in turn, reveals the one-sided objectivism of the “philosophy of identity” of Schelling and Hegel. In this regard, the article manages to establish that the structure of “The Wissenschaftslehre 1804 (2)” includes 4 parts: from 1 to 14 lectures (rise to the point of view of science), 15 lecture (presentation of the principle of science), from 16 to 27 lecture (establishing the beginning of the difference in absolute unity) and 28 lecture (doctrine of the phenomenon of absolute). At the same time, it is proved that the “The Wissenschaftslehre 1804 (2)” has not undergone fundamental changes in comparison with its first expositions, and the changes that take place concern only the way of presenting the Wissenschaftslehre to readers and listeners, as well as its secondary part (“the doctrine of the phenomenon”).

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Karlina, Oksana. "THE ATTEMPT TO RECONSTRUCT THE LIBRARY OF THE KREMENETS BASILIAN MONASTERY OF THE FIRST DECADES OF THE XIX CENTURY". Scientific Herald of Uzhhorod University. Series: History, n.º 1 (46) (27 de junio de 2022): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2523-4498.1(46).2022.257543.

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The article attempts to reconstruct the genre and thematic composition of the library of the Kremenets Basilian Monastery, which was formed in the early 1820s, based on an analysis of the visitation protocol, in which a significant part is a description of the monastery library. At the beginning of the XIX century, the library had 2,156 volumes (1,241 works) published in the XVI–XVIII centuries and until 1821. Of these, 508 works (41%) date from the second half of the XVIII century. The presence in the library of 283 works (23%) published in 1801–1821 indicates that the library continued to be regularly replenished with new books. The geography of the publications covered the cities of the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Germany, Austria, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Kyiv, Moscow, and Saint Petersburg. The basis of the library were works in Polish and Latin, numbered 640 and 440, respectively (52% and 35%). There were only 54 (4%) Cyrillic editions. The entire book collection is divided into thematic sections: Holy Scripture, divinity, law (civil and canonical), "books of ascetics," homiletics, philosophy, physics and mathematics, chemistry, geography, economics, history, rhetoric and poetics, "letters," grammar, medicine. In terms of the number of works, the largest is the section "History," which includes periodicals published in Warsaw and Vilnius in the early nineteenth century and fiction of instructive content. It is noted that many works by ancient authors, textbooks in many mathematical disciplines, dictionaries, phrasebooks, and grammars in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Polish, German, French, and Russian were kept in the monastery library. The conclusion is that the themes of the monastery library in Kremenets in the early XIXth century reflected the state of the rich spiritual life of the Basilians, which closely combined the traditions of the Orthodox and Catholic Churches. The Basilians, through preaching and missionary activity, indeed spread and consolidated in society the spiritual and moral values that they nurtured within the walls of the monastery. The library in general, reflected the development of education, science, art, and contemporary socio-political thought in the Ukrainian lands.

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Беглов, А. Л. "Russian Historical Studies in the Church-Public Debate about the Orthodox Parish. 1860-1910s". Диалог со временем, n.º 77(77) (29 de noviembre de 2021): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2021.77.77.010.

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В статье рассматривается участие представителей отечественной исторической и историко-правовой науки в обсуждении «приходского вопроса» в 1860–1910-е гг. Реформа православного прихода в Российской империи была одной из самых остро дискутируемых тем, затрагивавших Церковь, общество и государство. В трудах ученых – П.В. Знаменского, М.М. Богословского, В.М. Верюжского, С.В. Юшкова – была воссоздана картина состояния и развития древнерусского прихода, описаны его место в земском самоуправлении, отношения с епархиальной и царской властью, положение клира. Книга П.В. Знаменского, созвучная с построениями славянофилов, оказала заметное влияние на общество. В начале ХХ в. научное сообщество не было едино в приходском вопросе, что давало возможность представителям разных общественных сил апеллировать к созвучной им позиции ученого или группы ученых. The article deals with the participation of representatives of the national historical and legal studies in the discussion of the “parish issue” in the 1860–1910s. The reform of the Orthodox parish in the Russian Empire was one of the most acutely debated topics, which affected the Church, society and the state. The author concludes that scholars were prominent in these discussions. In the works of P.V. Znamensky, M.M. Bogoslovsky, V.M. Veryuzhsky, S.V. Yushkov the picture was re-established of the status and development of the old Russian parish described as well as its place in the zemstvo self-government, the relationship with the diocesan and the Royal power, the situation of the clergy. P.V. Znamensky’s book was in tune with the Slavophiles ideas and had a significant impact on the press. In the early twentieth century, the scholarly community (especially the lawyers and canonists) itself was not united in the question of the parish issue. This gave an opportunity to representatives of different social forces to appeal to the position of a scholar (or a group of scholars), whose views were in tune with their public interests.

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Martin, Wayne M. "In Defense of Bad Infinity: A Fichtean Response to Hegel's Differenzschrift". Hegel Bulletin 28, n.º 1-2 (2007): 168–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200000690.

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Hegel's very first acknowledged publication was, among other things, an attack on Fichte. In 1801, Hegel was still laboring in almost complete obscurity, while Fichte was an international sensation, though already somewhat past the peak of his meteoric career. In the 1801 Differenzschrift, Hegel cut his teeth by criticizing Fichte's already widelycriticised Wissenschaftslehre, and by demonstrating that Schelling's philosophical system was not simply to be equated with it. Fichte himself never bothered to respond to Hegel's criticisms; indeed he never publicly acknowledged their existence. This was not because he was unconcerned with criticisms of his views; quite the contrary. But at the time he had bigger fish to fry. He responded to Jacobi's criticisms, and to Schelling's; he replied in great detail to critical questions raised by Reinhold, and with vituperative intensity to objections raised by skeptics and purportedly loyal Kantians. But Hegel's Differenzschrift was left without a Fichtean rebuttal. This is a pity, both because of the missed opportunity to illuminate by controversy central issues at stake in the post-Kantian period, but also because it made it easier for Hegel simply to reiterate his youthful criticism as if it were the last word. And reiterate it he did: in one form or another Hegel's early criticisms of Fichte reappear at every subsequent stage of his career: in the Phenomenology, in the Science of Logic, in the Encyclopaedia, as the final chapter in Hegel's History of Philosophy, and in countless other minor works and documents from the Nachlass and correspondence.

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Tsvetkova, Nina. "MODEL OF RUSSIAN CULTURE IN S.P. SHEVYREV’S WORKS OF EARLY 1840'S". Literaturovedcheskii Zhurnal, n.º 1 (2022): 32–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/litzhur/2022.55.02.

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The article deals with the civilizational approach of S.P. Shevyrev to the history and culture of Russia. In his works the philosopher and critic analyzes Russian history, literature and education in comparison with Western European ones, and comes to the conclusion about their distinctive character. The scholar considers the main task of his time to create a model of national culture, whose scope includes not only creativity, but also “spiritual production”: state and family upbringing and education. In this he supports the theory of “official nationality” by S.S. Uvarov. He assigns Pushkin and Gogol an important role in the education of the Russian man, not accepting the St Petersburg “industrial literature” by Belinsky, Bulgarin, Grech and opposing them his educational projects in the magazine “Moskvityanin”. The conclusion is that Shevyrev’s model of culture corresponds to N.Y. Danilevsky’s theory of cultural and historical types.

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Larson, Edward J. "Ronald L. Numbers (General Editor), Creationism in Twentieth-Century America: A Ten-Volume Anthology of Documents, 1903–1961. New York: Garland Publishing, 1995. ISBN 0-8153-1801-4. $732.00 set, consisting of: - Volume 1: Ronald L. Numbers (ed.), Antievolution Before World War I. Pp. xvii + 403. ISBN 0-8153-1802-2. $65.00. - Volume 2: Ronald L. Numbers (ed.), Creation-Evolution Debates. Pp. xiv + 505, illus. ISBN 0-8153-1803-0. $65.00. - Volume 3: Ronald L. Numbers (ed.), The Antievolution Works of Arthur I. Brown. Pp. xiv + 209. ISBN 0-8153-1804-9. $65.00. - Volume 4: William Vance TrollingerJr, (ed.), The Antievolution Pamphlets of William Bell Riley. Pp. xxii + 221. ISBN 0-8153-1805-7. $55.00. - Volume 5: Paul Nelson (ed.), The Creationist Writings of Byron C. Nelson. Pp. xxvi + 505, illus. ISBN 0-8153-1806-5. $65.00. - Volume 6: Edward B. Davis (ed.), The Antievolution Pamphlets of Harry Rimmer. Pp. xxxiv + 482, illus. ISBN 0-8153-1807-3. $84.00. - Volume 7: Ronald L. Numbers (ed.), Selected Works of George McCready Price. Pp. xviii + 489. ISBN 0-8153-1808-1. $75.00. - Volume 8: Ronald L. Numbers (ed.), The Early Writings of Harold W. Clark and Frank Lewis Marsh. Pp. xxiv + 531, illus. ISBN 0-8153-1809-X. $93.00. - Volume 9: Ronald L. Numbers (ed.), Early Creationist Journals. Pp. xiv + 629. ISBN 0-8153-1801-3. $100.00. - Volume 10: Mark A. Kalthoff (ed.), Creation and Evolution in the Early American Scientific Affiliation. Pp. xl + 468, illus. ISBN 0-8153-1811-1. $65.00." British Journal for the History of Science 29, n.º 2 (junio de 1996): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400034403.

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Špelda, Daniel. "Kepler in the Early Historiography of Astronomy (1615–1800)". Journal for the History of Astronomy 48, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2017): 381–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828617740948.

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This article discusses the reception of Kepler’s work in the earliest interpretations of the history of astronomy, which appeared in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The focus is not on the reception of Kepler’s work among astronomers themselves but instead on its significance for the history of science as seen by early historians of mathematics and astronomy. The first section discusses the evaluation of Kepler in the so-called “Prefatory Histories” of astronomy that appeared in various astronomical works during the seventeenth century. In these, Kepler was considered mainly to be the person who brought the work of Tycho Brahe to completion, rather than an original astronomer. The second section is devoted to the evaluation of Kepler in interpretations of the history of astronomy that appeared in the eighteenth century (often as part of the history of mathematics). In these works, Kepler is regarded as a genius who deserves tremendous credit for the advancement of the human spirit. Both sections also devote attention to Copernicus and Tycho Brahe because this facilitates the explanation of how Kepler’s contribution was judged. By studying the reception of Johannes Kepler’s work, we may gain greater insight into the transition from a cyclical perception of the history of science to the progressive model.

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Tesis sobre el tema "History – philosophy – early works to 1800"

朱加正 y Ka-ching Chu. "Reflections of the development and philosophy of Mathematics originating in a comparative study of Liu Hui's redaction of 'JiuZhang Suan Shu' and Euclid's 'Elements'". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211380.

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Sjödin, Anna-Pya. "The Happening of Tradition : Vallabha on Anumāna in Nyāyalīlāvatī". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Linguistics and Philology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7417.

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The present dissertation is a translation and analysis of the chapter on anumāna in Vallabha’s Nyāyalīlāvatī, based on certain theoretical considerations on cross-cultural translation and the understanding of tradition. Adopting a non-essentialized and non-historicist conceptualization of the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika/Navya-nyāya tradition, the work focuses on a reading of the anumāna chapter that is particularized and individualized. It further argues for a plurality of interpretative stances within the academic field of Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika/Navya-nyāya studies, on the grounds that the dominant stance has narrowed the scope of research. With reference to post-colonial theory, this dominant stance is understood in terms of a certain strategy called “mimetic translation”.

The study of the anumāna chapter consists of three main interpretational sections: translation, comments, and analysis. The translation and comments focus on understanding issues internal to the Nyāyalīlāvatī. The analysis focuses on a contextual interpretation insofar as the text is understood through reading other texts within the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika/Navya-nyāya discourse. The analysis is further grounded in a concept of intertextuality in that it identifies themes, examples, and arguments appearing in other texts within the discourse. The analysis also identifies and discusses Cārvāka and Mīmāṁsaka arguments within the anumāna chapter.

Two important themes are discerned in the interpretation of the anumāna chapter: first, a differentiation between the apprehension of vyāpti and the warranting of this relation so as to make the apprehension suitable for a process of knowledge; second, that the sequential arrangement of the subject matter of the sections within the chapter, vyāptigraha, upādhi, tarka, and parāmarśa, reflects the process of coming to inferential knowledge.

The present work is a contribution to the understanding of the post-Udayana and pre-Gaṅgeśa Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika/Navya-nyāya discourse on inferential knowledge and it is written in the hope of provoking more research on that particular period and discourse in the history of Indian philosophies.

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Labriola, Daniele. "On Plato's conception of philosophy in the Republic and certain post-Republic dialogues". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4497.

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This dissertation is generally concerned with Plato's conception of philosophy, as the conception is ascertainable from the Republic and certain ‘post-Republic' dialogues. It argues that philosophy, according to Plato, is multi-disciplinary; that ‘philosophy' does not mark off just one art or science; that there are various philosophers corresponding to various philosophical sciences, all of which come together under a common aim: betterment of self through intellectual activity. A major part of this dissertation is concerned with Plato's science par excellence, ‘the science of dialectic' (he epistêmê dialektikê). The science of dialectic is distinguished in Plato by being concerned with Forms or Kinds as such; the science of dialectic, alone amongst the philosophical sciences, fully understands what it means for Form X to be a Form. I track the science of dialectic, from its showcase in Republic VI and VII, and analyze its place in relation to the other philosophical sciences in certain post-Republic dialogues. Ultimately, I show that, whilst it is not the only science constituting philosophy, Plato's science of dialectic represents the intellectual zenith obtainable by man; the expert of this science is the topmost philosopher. In this dissertation I also argue that Socrates, as variously depicted in these dialogues, always falls short of being identified as the philosopher par excellence, as that expert with positive knowledge of Forms as such. Yet I also show that, far from being in conflict, the elenctic Socrates and the philosopher par excellence form a complementary relationship: the elenctic philosopher gets pupils to think about certain things in the right way prior to sending them off to work with the philosopher par excellence.

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Popoviciu, Laura. "Between taste and historiography : writing about early Renaissance works of art in Venice and Florence (1550-1800)". Thesis, School of Advanced Study, University of London, 2014. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/6353/.

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My dissertation is an investigation of how early Renaissance paintings from Venice and Florence were discussed and appraised by authors and collectors writing in these cities between 1550 and 1800. The variety of source material I have consulted has enabled me to assess and to compare the different paths pursued by Venetian and Florentine writers, the type of question they addressed in their analyses of early works of art and, most importantly, their approaches to the re-evaluation of the art of the past. Among the types of writing on art I explore are guidebooks, biographies of artists, didactic poems, artistic dialogues, dictionaries and letters, paying particular attention in these different genres to passages about artists from Guariento to Giorgione in Venice and from Cimabue to Raphael in Florence. By focusing, within this framework, on primary sources and documents, as well as on the influence of art historical literature on the activity of collecting illustrated by the cases of the Venetian Giovanni Maria Sasso and the Florentine Francesco Maria Niccolò Gabburri, I show that two principal approaches to writing about the past emerged during this period: the first, adopted by many Venetian authors, involved the aesthetic evaluation of early Renaissance works of art, often in comparison to later developments; the second, more frequent among Florentine writers, tended to document these works and place them in their historical context, without necessarily making artistic judgements about them. A parallel analysis of these two approaches offers a twofold perspective on how writers and collectors engaged with early Renaissance art from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century.

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Harrop, Patrick H. "Inseminate architecture : an archontological reading of Athanasius Kircher's Turris Babel". Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56976.

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Among the vast assembly of Biblical mythology, the tower of Babel stands as an exclusive representation of the limits of human endeavor. As a paradigmatic extremity, it circumscribes the field of civic artifice. Babel is the absolute limit, and in that regard, its presence is enduring and timeless. The legacy of exegetic readings are textual shades, emanating from the point source of the paradigm. Athanasius Kircher's Turris Babel is an appropriate and intentional unfolding of this condition.
Firstly, that in the awakening of the Baroque scholar to history, origin materializes as the sole legitimate chronological reference.
Secondly, that the paradigmatic extremities collapse into the empirical standard of the theoretical discourse.
This thesis is a speculative study of architecture, drawn through Turris Babel, in the shadow of the paradigmatic limits of Babel. Written in three parts, each dealing with the implications of artifice in confrontation with the post-Babel adversaries of dispersion, tyranny, and decay.

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Terra, Carlos Alexandre. "Conhecimento previo e conhecimento cientifico em Aristoteles". [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280524.

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Orientador: Lucas Angioni
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Pretendemos averiguar como Aristóteles concebe a passagem do nosso conhecimento prévio do mundo ao conhecimento científico, avaliando os pressupostos e consequências de sua resposta ao paradoxo de Mênon e atentando para a metodologia científica defendida nos Segundos Analíticos. Quanto ao conhecimento preliminar necessário à edificação da ciência, procuraremos caracterizar seus tipos e também os meios pelos quais ele pode vir a ser adquirido por nós. Buscaremos estabelecer também as propriedades que o conhecimento científico deve possuir em relação à sua necessidade, universalidade e caráter explanatório. Buscaremos marcar, com precisão, a natureza da conclusão científica segundo a teoria científica aristotélica, argumentando que, nas conclusões, o atributo demonstrado, em relação com seu substrato, representa uma propriedade por si concomitante. Pretendemos averiguar como os diferentes tipos de demonstração e definição respondem a diferentes estágios de organização do saber prévio e a diferentes estágios na estruturação das demonstrações propriamente científicas, e, por conseguinte, como esses se organizam de modo a responder as quatro perguntas que toda investigação científica deve abarcar em seus dois estágios.
Abstract: Our aim is to understand how Aristotle conceives the transition of our previous knowledge of the world to our scientific understanding of it and we will do that by means of judging the presumptions and consequences of his answer to the Menon's paradox and focusing on the scientific methodology found in the Posterior Analytics. In relation to the necessary preliminary knowledge to the edification of science, we will try to characterize its types and also the means by which it can be reached by us. We will also try to settle the properties that the scientific understanding must have in relation to its necessity, universality and explanatory nature. We will mark the precise nature of the scientific conclusion according to the Aristotelian scientific theory, arguing that the attribute demonstrated in the conclusions represents a per se concomitant in relation to its substrate. We want to verify how the different types of demonstrations and definitions correspond to different stages in the organization of the previous knowledge and to different stages in the setting of the proper scientific demonstrations and hereby we will try to understand how these different demonstrations and definitions are related to themselves in order to make the scientist answer the four scientific questions that the scientific investigation must contemplate in its two stages.
Doutorado
Filosofia
Doutor em História da Filosofia Antiga

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Gilon, Odile. "Essentia indifferens: études sur l'antériorité, l'homogénéité et l'unité dans la métaphysique de Jean Duns Scot". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210227.

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Ce travail porte sur l'application et l'utilisation par Jean Duns Scot de la théorie de l'indifférence de l'essence, issue du péripatétisme arabe, et se donne pour enjeu d'en comprendre le fonctionnement conceptuel. Solution conjointe aux questions de la constitution ontologique des choses, des rapports entre le langage et la réalité et du mode d'appréhension des notions générales dans l'abstraction, la théorie de l'indifférence de l'essence sert de sous-bassement à la métaphysique de Duns Scot. C'est au moyen de cette théorie qu'il est possible, comme le montre cette recherche, de relire certains grands thèmes de la métaphysique scotiste: la théorie de la nature commune et de l'haeccéité, la connaissance abstractive (cognitio abstractiva), et la théorie de la non identité formelle. Le travail tente surtout de dégager le caractère proprement méthodologique de la théorie des trois états de l'essence (triplex status essentiae), répondant à la question du statut de l'essence indifférente, à celle des prédicats d'ordre supérieur et au problème de la séparation dans l'abstraction.
Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Gruber, Thomas. "Ungodly paths : a history of the idea of the Three Impostors (Moses, Jesus, Mohammad) until 1300". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.729013.

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Crowley, Timothy James. "Aristotle on the matter of the elements". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e4b90312-72a2-404a-909c-f1cc4761b31e.

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This thesis is an investigation into the simplest material entities recognised by Aristotle's theory of nature. In general, the position I defend is that the four 'so-called elements' fire, air, water, and earth are, for Aristotle, genuine elements, i.e., the simplest material constituents, of bodies. In particular, I deal with two problems, the first concerning the relationship between the four 'so-called elements' and the primary contraries, hot-cold, dry-wet; and the second concerning the nature of the matter from which the latter come to be. Responses to these problems in the secondary literature tend to conclude that the contraries (usually together with 'prime matter'), are constitutive of the so-called elements. I reject this conclusion. In the first part of this thesis I consider, and dismiss, the alleged evidence that Aristotle denies to fire, air, water, and earth the status of genuine elements, and I argue that the status of the contraries as the differentiae of the elements effectively rules out the possibility that they could be the constituents of the latter. In the second part of this thesis I attempt to unpack Aristotle's assertion at De Gen. et Cor. II. 1 that the matter of the perceptible bodies is that from which the so-called elements come to be. I argue that the matter of the perceptible bodies, although it is that from which the elements come to be, is not the 'matter of the elements', in the sense of a matter that composes the elements. On the contrary, the 'matter of the perceptible bodies', i.e., the constitutive matter of composite bodies, is itself composed of the elements: it is a mixture of the four elements. Thus the latter can be said to come to be 'from' the 'matter of the perceptible bodies', but this must be understood in a non-constitutive sense of 'from'.

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Barrell, Andrew David Martin. "Papal relations with Scotland and Northern England, 1342-70". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13584.

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In the period 1342-70 there were many points of contact between the Papacy and northern Britain. Papal taxes were numerous. Annates came to be the main source of revenue collected locally, but were hard to levy on account of difficulties in establishing liability; other taxes were paid with greater despatch. Examination of the careers of the papal collectors indicates both their power and the awkwardness of their position. Papal provisions were also numerous and affected a wide range of benefices. Expectative graces are examined, and success for a considerable number can be inferred. Some provisions led to bitter disputes, but many passed off smoothly, despite the existence in England of anti-papal statutes. These laws were all different in scope, but were enforced only where this suited leading laymen. Parliament was much more anti-papal than the government, even though in the 1340s diplomatic relations between England and the Holy See were poor on account of the king's actions against aliens beneficed in England. Although the powers of the royal courts were protected by this legislation, many benefice cases were heard at Avignon, and other disputes were settled by judges-delegate appointed by the pope. Analysis of papal contacts with the bishops shows how closely they were connected to the Holy See: most were appointed by the pope; they petitioned the pope for favours and were given many tasks to do in return. Even the regular clergy did not escape papal attention, although often the initiative came from monasteries who wanted confirmation of agreements or grants, or from individual religious who needed papal favour. Licences and dispensations were sought also by laymen, but more especially by clerks who were illegitimate, under-age or wanted to hold benefices in plurality. There is, however, little evidence of wantonness in the exercise of the papal dispensing power.

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Libros sobre el tema "History – philosophy – early works to 1800"

Sepkoski, David. Nominalism and constructivism in seventeenth-century mathematical philosophy. London : New York: Routledge, 2007.

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A, Gaskin J. C. y Hume David 1711-1776, eds. Dialogues concerning natural religion ; and, The natural history of religion. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press, 1993.

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Chymistry, International Conference on the History of Alchemy and. Chymists and chymistry: Studies in the history of alchemy and early modern chemistry. Sagamore Beach, MA: Science History Publications/USA, 2007.

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Zielinski, Victorinus. Theses ex universa philosophia juxta tam recentiorum quam veterum philosophorum systemata. Pelplin: Wydawn. "Bernardinum", 2002.

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David, Hume. A dissertation on the passions ; The natural history of religion: A critical edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006.

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Comenius, Johann Amos. Panorthosia or universal reform: Chapters 19 to 26. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1993.

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Curtis, Bowman y Winckelmann Johann Joachim 1717-1768, eds. Essay on the philosophy and history of art. London: Continuum, 2005.

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Muḥammad, Iskandarānī, ed. Muqaddimat Ibn Khaldūn. Bayrūt, Lubnān: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʻArabī, 2008.

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Gaos, José. Orígenes de la filosofía y de su historia ; Antología de la filosofía griega ; El significado de lambda ; Páginas adicionales. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1991.

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Khaldūn, Ibn. Peuples et nations du monde: La conception de l'histoire, les Arabes du Machrek et leurs contemporains, les Arabes du Maghrib et les Berbères. Paris: Sindbad, 1986.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "History – philosophy – early works to 1800"

Pantin, Isabelle. "Libert Froidmont’s Conception and Imagination of Space in Three Early Works: Peregrinatio cœlestis (1616), De cometa (1618), Meteorologica (1627)". En Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 179–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02765-0_9.

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Prieto, Moisés. "Corrupt and Rapacious: Colonial Spanish-American Past Through the Eyes of Early Nineteenth-Century Contemporaries. A Contribution from the History of Emotions". En Palgrave Studies in Comparative Global History, 105–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0255-9_5.

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AbstractAround 1800, merchants, scientists and adventurers travelled to Latin America with different purposes. Their multifaceted interests in a world region, experiencing a threshold of independence from Spanish colonial rule, inspired new historical and political works about the continent’s recent past. The Enlightenment provided not only the philosophical armamentarium against corruption, but it also paved the way to a new expression of sentiments and to the loss of fear when addressing injustice. Some examples of these are Hipólito Villaroel’s list of grievances and Humboldt’s Political essay. These two authors provide some thoughts on the political landscape of New Spain (now Mexico), while the two Swiss physicians Rengger and Longchamp describe the ruthless and odd dictator Francia of independent Paraguay as a champion of anti-corruption. Finally, Argentine dictator Rosas—and his robberies as described by Rivera Indarte, Sarmiento and other anonymous authors—represent the embodiment of corruption through pure larceny, for whose crimes the Spanish colonial past apparently no longer served as a comparison.

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Donohue, Christopher. "“A Mountain of Nonsense”? Czech and Slovenian Receptions of Materialism and Vitalism from c. 1860s to the First World War". En History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 67–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12604-8_5.

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AbstractIn general, historians of science and historians of ideas do not focus on critical appraisals of scientific ideas such as vitalism and materialism from Catholic intellectuals in eastern and southeastern Europe, nor is there much comparative work available on how significant European ideas in the life sciences such as materialism and vitalism were understood and received outside of France, Germany, Italy and the UK. Insofar as such treatments are available, they focus on the contributions of nineteenth century vitalism and materialism to later twentieth ideologies, as well as trace the interactions of vitalism and various intersections with the development of genetics and evolutionary biology see Mosse (The culture of Western Europe: the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Westview Press, Boulder, 1988, Toward the final solution: a history of European racism. Howard Fertig Publisher, New York, 1978; Turda et al., Crafting humans: from genesis to eugenics and beyond. V&R Unipress, Goettingen, 2013). English and American eugenicists (such as William Caleb Saleeby), and scores of others underscored the importance of vitalism to the future science of “eugenics” (Saleeby, The progress of eugenics. Cassell, New York, 1914). Little has been written on materialism qua materialism or vitalism qua vitalism in eastern Europe.The Czech and Slovene cases are interesting for comparison insofar as both had national awakenings in the middle of the nineteenth century which were linguistic and scientific, while also being religious in nature (on the Czech case see David, Realism, tolerance, and liberalism in the Czech National awakening: legacies of the Bohemian reformation. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 2010; on the Slovene case see Kann and David, Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918. University of Washington Press, Washington, 2010). In the case of many Catholic writers writing in Moravia, there are not only slight noticeable differences in word-choice and construction but a greater influence of scholastic Latin, all the more so in the works of nineteenth century Czech priests and bishops.In this case, German, Latin and literary Czech coexisted in the same texts. Thus, the presence of these three languages throws caution on the work on the work of Michael Gordin, who argues that scientific language went from Latin to German to vernacular. In Czech, Slovenian and Croatian cases, all three coexisted quite happily until the First World War, with the decades from the 1840s to the 1880s being particularly suited to linguistic flexibility, where oftentimes writers would put in parentheses a Latin or German word to make the meaning clear to the audience. Note however that these multiple paraphrases were often polemical in the case of discussions of materialism and vitalism.In Slovenia Čas (Time or The Times) ran from 1907 to 1942, running under the muscular editorship of Fr. Aleš Ušeničnik (1868–1952) devoted hundreds of pages often penned by Ušeničnik himself or his close collaborators to wide-ranging discussions of vitalism, materialism and its implied social and societal consequences. Like their Czech counterparts Fr. Matěj Procházka (1811–1889) and Fr. Antonín LenzMaterialismMechanismDynamism (1829–1901), materialism was often conjoined with "pantheism" and immorality. In both the Czech and the Slovene cases, materialism was viewed as a deep theological problem, as it made the Catholic account of the transformation of the Eucharistic sacrifice into the real presence untenable. In the Czech case, materialism was often conjoined with “bestiality” (bestialnost) and radical politics, especially agrarianism, while in the case of Ušeničnik and Slovene writers, materialism was conjoined with “parliamentarianism” and “democracy.” There is too an unexamined dialogue on vitalism, materialism and pan-Slavism which needs to be explored.Writing in 1914 in a review of O bistvu življenja (Concerning the essence of life) by the controversial Croatian biologist Boris Zarnik) Ušeničnik underscored that vitalism was an speculative outlook because it left the field of positive science and entered the speculative realm of philosophy. Ušeničnik writes that it was “Too bad” that Zarnik “tackles” the question of vitalism, as his zoological opinions are interesting but his philosophy was not “successful”. Ušeničnik concluded that vitalism was a rather old idea, which belonged more to the realm of philosophy and Thomistic theology then biology. It nonetheless seemed to provide a solution for the particular characteristics of life, especially its individuality. It was certainly preferable to all the dangers that materialism presented. Likewise in the Czech case, Emmanuel Radl (1873–1942) spent much of his life extolling the virtues of vitalism, up until his death in home confinement during the Nazi Protectorate. Vitalism too became bound up in the late nineteenth century rediscovery of early modern philosophy, which became an essential part of the development of new scientific consciousness and linguistic awareness right before the First World War in the Czech lands. Thus, by comparing the reception of these ideas together in two countries separated by ‘nationality’ but bounded by religion and active engagement with French and German ideas (especially Driesch), we can reconstruct not only receptions of vitalism and materialism, but articulate their political and theological valances.

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Frey, Christiane. "Preface". En Dante’s Modernity, vii—xiii. Berlin: ICI Berlin Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37050/ci-16_01.

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‘Dante’s Modernity’ pursues ambitions that go far beyond its ostensible editorial function as a preface to the medieval author’s early 14th-century political treatise. The text exemplifies Lefort’s signature method of taking political philosophy in new directions by drawing on the fundamental indeterminacy and openness of key works from the history of political philosophy. The result is as much an interpretation of the Monarchia as it is of political modernity itself.

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Martín-Rodríguez, Manuel M. "The Reading Process: An Intertextual Approach". En Horizons of Phenomenology, 265–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26074-2_14.

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AbstractIn the long history of interconnectedness between philosophy and literature, the twentieth century was marked, to a large extent, by significant developments in the exploration of ties between phenomenology and theories of reader response and reception. In addition, novel philosophical ideas about time, subjectivity, and consciousness influenced many early- and mid-twentieth century authors, whose innovative and experimental works posed newfangled challenges to readers. Understanding and enjoyment of the experimental texts they produced hinged upon a series of cognitive processes that were considerably more complex than what the nineteenth century literary works used to require.

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Hang, Yu. "The Reception of Dostoevsky in Early Twentieth-Century China". En Translating Russian Literature in the Global Context, 393–410. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0340.23.

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This chapter begins with an overview of the translation of Russian literature in China and of Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821-1881) in particular. It next examines two translators Geng Jizhi and Lu Xun, whose work respectively demonstrates the value of microhistorical methodology in translation history (Geng) and the difficulty of assimilating Dostoevsky’s philosophy into the Chinese cultural mode (Lu Xun). The early twentieth century witnessed the gradual reception of Dostoevsky in China, including the publication and introduction of his short stories in newspapers. Originally, English translations were the primary intermediary for Dostoevsky’s works in China. Not until the 1940s was the first translation directly from Russian completed by the translator Geng Jizhi. Chinese scholars and readers creatively misread some of Dostoevsky’s ideas; their adaptations of his work reflected their own social status and cultural milieu. Due to the dominant theme of ‘literature for life’ in early twentieth-century China, Chinese scholars positioned Dostoevsky as ‘a realist writer’. Hence their choices for translation and research mainly served pressing nationalist ideological principles. Partly because of Dostoevsky’s strong religious sensibility, a gap persists between his gloomy, laboured style and traditional Chinese cultural promotion of gentleness and generosity in aesthetics, thus distancing Chinese readers from his writing. Dostoevsky’s interpretation and promotion by the important Chinese writer Lu Xun (1881-1936) transformed the former’s reception in twentieth-century China. His articles ‘An Introduction to Poor Folk’ and ‘Something about Dostoevsky’ sent Chinese Dostoevsky research in a new direction.

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Kant, Immanuel. "The Tasks of Philosophy". En The Many Faces of Philosophy, 245–60. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195134025.003.0020.

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Abstract Born in a pietistic family of Scots origin, Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) studied theology, natural science, and philosophy at the University of Koenigsberg. Influenced by students of Leibniz and Christian Wolff, he was also impressed by his reading of Hume and Rousseau. After spending nine years as a private tutor, Kant was appointed as lecturer and eventually as a professor at the University of Koenigsberg. His early work, published in the 1760s, consisted largely of criticisms and modifications of Wolff, Leibniz, and Descartes. From 1781–1790, he wrote his major—and monumental—critical works: The Critique of Pure Reason (1781), Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics (1783), Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and Critique of Judgment (1790). The Metaphysics of Morals (1797) extended and applied his earlier ethical theory. Because Religion Within the Limits of Reason Alone (1794) raised the suspicion of the Prussian censor, Kant was forbidden to publish on religious subjects. That prohibition lapsed with the death of Frederick William III. Kant’s later more popular essays—On Perpetual Peace (1795), The Idea of a Universal History from a Cosmopolitan Point of View (1784), and What Is Enlightenment? (1784)—were widely circulated and widely read.

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"The Early Modern Period: 1500–1800". En A History of Western Philosophy of Music, 66–163. Cambridge University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108654777.004.

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"Selection from A Brief History of Early Chinese Philosophy". En Selected Works of D.T. Suzuki, Volume III, editado por Jeff Wilson, Tomoe Moriya y Richard M. Jaffe, 41–51. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520269170.003.0006.

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"6. Selection from A Brief History of Early Chinese Philosophy". En Selected Works of D.T. Suzuki, Volume III, 41–51. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520965355-009.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "History – philosophy – early works to 1800"

Shavulev, Georgi. "The place of Philo of Alexandria in the history of philosophy". En 7th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.21205s.

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Philo of Alexandria (ca. 20 B.C.E. -50 C.E.), or Philo Judaeus as he is also called, was a Jewish scholar, philosopher, politician, and author who lived in Alexandria and who has had a tremendous influence through his works (mostly on the Christian exegesis and theology). Today hardly any scholar of Second Temple Judaism, early Christianity, or Hellenistic philosophy sees any great imperative in arguing for his relevance. After the research (contribution) of V. Nikiprowetzky in the field of philonic studies, it seems that the prevailing view is that Philo should be regarded above all as an “exegete “. Such an opinion in one way or another seems to neglect to some extent Philo's place in the History of philosophy. This article defends the position that Philo should be considered primarily as a “hermeneut”. Emphasizing that the concept of hermeneutics has a broader meaning (especially in the context of antiquity) than the narrower and more specialized concept of exegesis.

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Cousins, William T. "History, Philosophy, Physics, and Future Directions of Aircraft Propulsion System/Inlet Integration". En ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-54210.

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This work provides a historical perspective of the developments of propulsion system inlet/engine integration. The flow physics of inlet distortion are discussed, along with the stability effects on the engine compression systems. Throughout the document, both commercial and military applications are considered. Developments in analyses from the original works characterizing inlet distortion, the use of distortion descriptors and early modeling concepts, and the modeling and simulation required today are reviewed. The special requirements and testing techniques necessary to adequately describe inlet distortion and the effects on the propulsion system are summarized. The aspects of pressure distortion, temperature distortion, and swirl are addressed and the physics of interaction described. The compression system response to different types of distortion is discussed with the interaction with various compression system components and designs explained. Axial and centrifugal compressors are covered, as the resulting physics of the inlet distortion effects on each has a different characteristic. An overview of the necessary flow physics to consider in the integration of compression systems in both low and high-Mach number applications is presented.

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Zlotnikova, Tatyana. "Power in Russia: Modus Vivendi and Artis Imago". En Russian Man and Power in the Context of Dramatic Changes in Today’s World, the 21st Russian scientific-practical conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 12–13, 2019). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-rmp-2019-pc02.

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Contemporary Russian socio-cultural, cultural and philosophical, socio psychological, artistic and aesthetic practices actualize the Russian tradition of rejection, criticism, undisguised hatred and fear of power. Today, however, power has ceased to be a subject of one-dimensional denial or condemnation, becoming the subject of an interdisciplinary scientific discourse that integrates cultural studies, philosophy, social psychology, semiotics, art criticism and history (history of culture). The article provides theoretical substantiation and empirical support for the two facets of notions of power. The first facet is the unique, not only political, but also mental determinant of the problem of power in Russia, a kind of reflection of modus vivendi. The second facet is the artistic and image-based determinant of problem of power in Russia designated as artis imago. Theoretical grounds for solving these problems are found in F. Nietzsche’s perceptions of the binary “potentate-mass” opposition, G. Le Bon’s of the “leader”, K.-G. Jung’s of mechanisms of human motivation for power. The paper dwells on the “semiosis of power” in the focus of thoughts by A. F. Losev, P. A. Sorokin, R. Barthes. Based on S. Freud’s views of the unconscious and G. V. Plekhanov’s and J. Maritain’s views of the totalitarian power, we substantiate the concept of “the imperial unconscious”. The paper focuses on the importance of the freedom motif in art (D. Diderot and V. G. Belinsky as theorists, S. Y. Yursky as an art practitioner). Power as a subject of influence and object of analysis by Russian creators is studied on the material of perceptions and creative experience of A. S. Pushkin (in the context of works devoted to Russian “impostors” by numerous authors). Special attention is paid to the early twenty-first century television series on Soviet rulers (Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Furtseva). The conclusion is made on the relevance of Pushkin’s remark about “living power” “hated by the rabble” for contemporary Russia.

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