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1
Tanner, Michael. "Friedrich Nietzsche". Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 20 (marzo de 1986): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x00004120.
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Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) was born in the village of Röcken, in Prussian Saxony, the son and grandson of Lutheran ministers. He studied theology and classical philosophy at the University of Bonn, but in 1865 he gave up theology and went to Leipzig. Then he discovered the composer Richard Wagner and the philosophers Schopenhauer and F. A. Lange (author of History of Materialism and Critique of its Present Significance, 1866). He won a prize for an essay on Diogenes Laertius, the biographer of ancient Greek philosophers, and was appointed associate professor of classical philology at Basel, when he was only twenty-four. He became a full professor the following year. His principle writings between then and 1879, when illness made him resign from the university, were The Birth of Tragedy (1872) and Human, All Too Human (1878). After his resignation his principal writings were Daybreak (1881), The Gay Science (1882), Thus Spoke Zarathustra (Parts 1 and 2 published 1883, Part 3 published 1884, Part 4 issued privately 1885, published 1892), Beyond Good and Evil (1886), On the Genealogy of Morals (1887), The Wagner Case (1888) and Twilight of the Idols (1888). Nietzsche became insane in January 1889, and vegetated until his death in 1900. His madness was probably tertiary syphilis, which he may have contracted while ministering to sick soldiers in 1870 as a medical orderly in the Franco-Prussian war.
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Batinić, Štefka. "Croatian Pedagogy in the 19th Century". Review of Croatian history 19, n.º 1 (20 de diciembre de 2023): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/rch.v19i1.28480.
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The transfer of European pedagogical ideas and practices to Croatia during the 19th century, when the Croatian pedagogy was being established, could be observed at three basic levels: at the level of formal pedagogical education of teachers, at the level of scholarly texts on pedagogy and the level of studying and professional development abroad.Teachers had a pivotal role in the development of the practice and theory of pedagogy, which was important to them for the improvement of their teaching, as well as for their professional identity. For that reason, they were initiating publication of subject-specific journals, writing textbooks on pedagogy and translating European pedagogy classics to Croatian. The publishing activity of the Croatian Pedagogical-Literary Assembly had a major influence on the appearance of scholarly texts on pedagogy. Immediately upon its establishment in 1871, it initiated an editorial series Knjižnica za učitelje (Library for Teachers), within which 54 volumes were published by 1917, including the translations of the works by major pedagogy authors, such as Comenius (Didaktika, 1871, Informatorijum za školu materinsku, 1886, Velika didaktika, 1900), Spencer (Nauk ob uzgoju, 1883), Rousseau (Emil ili ob uzgoju, 1887-1889), Pestalozzi (Miroslav i Bogoljuba, 1891) and Rabelais (Misli o uzgoju, 1894).The Croatian Pedagogical-Literary Assembly also published a compilation of pedagogical textbooks by Stjepan Basariček – Uzgojoslovje (1880), Povijest pedagogije (1881), Obće obukoslovje (1882) i Posebno obukoslovje (1884). His textbooks were theoretically based on the works of the German pedagogue Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841) and were used in teacher education schools, with some revisions and new editions, until the 1920s.
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Lessing, Peter. "The Rogers-Hotchkiss Geological Maps of Virginia and West Virginia". Earth Sciences History 14, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1995): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.14.1.h6201380623n0332.
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During the years 1835 to 1841, the first geological survey of Virginia, and what is now West Virginia, was conducted under the leadership of William Barton Rogers. His geological work was produced in seven annual reports presented to the Board of Public Works, which were reprinted in 1884 as a single volume by his widow. However, the first geological map from Rogers' survey of Virginia was only published in 1876 by Jedediah Hotchkiss. Rogers gave his geological map to Hotchkiss in 1873 for use in Hotchkiss' book published 3 years later. During the following 10 years, this geological map was produced 13 more times, mostly by Hotchkiss, and each version is slightly different. Some changes are obvious, such as scale, base map, or cross sections, whereas other modifications are subtle, including stratigraphic units, title, or colors. Three versions are hand colored; the others are lithographs. The known versions, by date, are two in 1874, one circa 1875, five in 1880 and one circa 1880, one in 1881, one in 1882, and three in 1884. Interestingly, none of these 14 versions modified Rogers' original geology, although Rogers modified his original stratigraphic nomenclature. A fifteenth version, apparently done without Rogers' knowledge for the Union army in 1862, is the hand colored geological map by Thomas S. Ridgway.
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Ishchenko, Nikita S. "The Afghan Question in Russian Conservative Opinion Journalism in the Mid-1880s". Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n.º 4 (2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640018389-5.
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In the first half of the reign of Alexander III (1881–1894), Russia took several important steps to strengthen its position in Central Asia. The annexation of the city of Merv, the Iolatan and Panjdekh oases in 1884–1885 led to territorial disputes with Afghanistan over the southern Turkmen lands and to a clash with an Afghan detachment on the Kushka River. The latter event nearly brought the political confrontation between St Petersburg and London over influence in the region to the brink of a full-scale military conflict. The peace settlement resulted in the work of a mixed British-Russian commission to determine the western part of the Russian-Afghan border, which culminated in the signing of an agreement in 1888. These events did not elude the attention of the Russian public. Leading national periodicals reported on the situation on the southern borders of the empire. In this article, the author attempts to characterise the views of influential Russian conservative authors of those years on Russian policy in Afghanistan in the mid-1880s and to analyse the extent to which their foreign policy proposals coincided with the actions of the Russian government. The study draws on the publications of the most influential representatives of the conservative press, as well as official press articles on events on the Russian-Afghan border, published during the period when the Russian-British confrontation in the region (1884–1886) was at its peak. The author concludes that, despite Alexander III's sympathy for conservative views and those who expressed them, the government did not accept a single proposal from conservative publicists regarding Russian policy at the borders of Afghanistan.
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Garcia-Balañà, Albert. "Las tres fugas de José Maceo, insurrecto cubano, 1879-1885: Guerra colonial y Leyes de la Guerra en la España global de finales del siglo XIX". Historia y Política: Ideas, Procesos y Movimientos Sociales, n.º 49 (19 de junio de 2023): 117–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18042/hp.49.05.
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El artículo reconstruye la microhistoria de deportación y castigo de José Maceo, líder guerrillero cubano durante la llamada Guerra Chiquita (1879-1880), en la España peninsular, norteafricana e insular de 1880-1884. Reconstruye, en particular, dos de las tres fugas de José Maceo durante aquellos años: su fuga al Gibraltar británico con petición de asilo político (1882) y su definitiva fuga a la Argelia francesa (1884) tras la extradición extrajudicial gibraltareña de 1882. Extradición que desató una tormenta política en el Parlamento británico y forzó al gobierno Gladstone a negociar bajo mano con el gobierno Sagasta. El artículo desvela, además y sobre todo, cuál fue el lenguaje jurídico y moral que los abogados británicos de José Maceo utilizaron en Westminster para desacreditar a Madrid y censurar, con ello, la guerra contrainsurgente de Camilo Polavieja, gobernador militar de la Cuba oriental en 1879-1880: el lenguaje de las leyes de la guerra. La odisea de Maceo y familia en los presidios españoles desde el verano de 1880, sus fugas y el eco de ellas en Gran Bretaña y Francia (1882-1884), ejemplifican hasta qué punto la guerra con humanidad había echado raíces, como fuente de legitimación militar y política, en la Europa de los años 1880. Incluso para el caso de una guerra civil y colonial en el que la insurrección anticolonial —la guerrilla afrocubana— había sido combatida por Polavieja negándole toda condición de «beligerante» y «combatiente legítimo».
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Plekh, Olesya A. y Natalya V. Chernikova. "An Emperor Travels around the Russian Empire Outskirts in the 1880s: As According to V.S. Obolenskii’s Diary". RUDN Journal of Russian History 22, n.º 2 (15 de junio de 2023): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2023-22-2-303-315.
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Based on the materials from a previously unpublished source - the diary of Prince V.S. Obolenskii-Neledinskii-Meletskii, preserved in the Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum, the authors in their article consider the travels of Alexander III through the outlying territories of the Russian Empire in 1882-1888. The diary contains not only many details from the life of the imperial family and the court, but also information on the organization of official and unofficial trips of the emperor, which made it possible to trace the changes that took place in the ceremonial practice and the influence of modernization processes on the goals of the emperor's travels. There is presented through new information on the official visits of Alexander III to Poland (1884, 1886), Finland (1885), the Province of the Don Cossack Host (1887), Ukraine (1885) and the Caucasus (1888), as well as on private vacation trips to the Finnish skerries, the Principality of Łowicz and Livadia. The author shows that as inspection and study trips around Russia became a thing of the past, as ceremonial events came to the fore. The travels of Alexander III, continuing the line traced under Alexander II, were intended to establish a positive image of the monarch and emphasize the connection with his subjects. In the 1880s, visits to remote imperial residences for the purpose of recreation and entertainment became a regular occurrence, events which should be considered as an important part of the daily life of the imperial family.
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Demi̇r Görür, Emel. "İngiliz Konsolosluk Raporlarına Göre 93 Harbi Sonrası Erzurum Vilayeti’nde Sosyo-İktisadi Hayat (1878-1885)". Belleten 84, n.º 299 (1 de abril de 2020): 399–449. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2020.399.
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93 Harbi (1877-1878 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşı) sırasında Osmanlı Devleti'nin bazıtoprakları işgal edilmiş, harp devletin hemen hemen tüm kurum ve kuruluşlarını olumsuz etkilemiştir. Bununla bağlantılı olarak özellikle savaşın cereyan ettiği bölgelerde iktisadi ve sosyal hayat olumsuz etkilenmiş, hatta durma noktasına gelmiştir. 93 Harbi sonrası Erzurum'un sosyo-iktisadi yapısı, Erzurum İngiliz Konsolosluğu görevinde bulunan Harry Charles Augustus Eyres, William Everett ve George Pollard Devey'in yazışmaları ve raporlarında geniş yer bulmuştur. Konsolos Augustus Eyres, Erzurum Vilayeti'nin ekonomik yapısı hakkında yıllardır rapor yazılmadığını ve vilayetin ekonomik yapısının ortaya çıkarılmasının önemli olduğunu belirterek özellikle 1880, 1881 ve 1882 yıllarına dair vilayetin sosyo-iktisadi yapısı ile ilgili ayrıntılı değerlendirmeler yapmış, önemli istatistiki bilgilere yer vermiştir. Konsolos William Everett 1882 ve 1883, Vekil Konsolos George Pollard Devey de, 1884 ve 1885 yıllarına dair vilayetin sosyo-iktisadi yapısına dair ayrıntılı değerlendirmelerde bulunmuşlardır. Her üç konsolos da raporlarında karşılaştırmalı bilgiler sunmuş özellikle savaş sonrası Erzurum Vilayeti'nin iktisadi ve sosyal hayatını kaleme almışlardır. Çalışmada temel kaynak olarak kullanılan İngiliz Konsolosluk belgeleri, Erzurum Vilayeti ve çevresinde bulunan diğer yerleşim yerlerinin ekonomik ve bununla bağlantılı olarak sosyal yapısını ortaya koyacak önemli bilgiler ihtiva etmektedir. Çalışma dâhilinde Erzurum Vilayeti'nin mevcut pazar durumu, yıllık gelirgider kalemleri, Fransa, Avusturya, Amerika, Almanya, İsviçre, İran, İngiltere, Rusya gibi doğulu ve batılı devletlerden ithal edilen ve Erzurum Vilayeti'nden de yabancı ülkelere ihraç edilen, ayrıca Van, Bitlis, Muş, Siirt, Diyarbakır, Mardin, Halep, Harput, Trabzon, Samsun, Rize, Erzincan, Arapkir, Ayntab, Bağdat, Karahisar, Palu ve Tokat'dan alınan ve bu bölgelere satılan ürünlerin miktarı ve piyasa değeri tablolar halinde verilmiş ve bazı emtianın da önemine binaen ayrıntılı değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Erzurum Vilayeti'nin savaştan ne kadar etkilendiğinin yanında dönem itibariyle vilayetin ticaret potansiyeli de gözler önüne serilmeye çalışılmıştır.
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Hernick, Linda. "Silas Watson Ford: A Major But Little-Known Contributor to the Cambrian Paleontology of North America". Earth Sciences History 18, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 1999): 246–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.18.2.71355x54266626l1.
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Silas Watson Ford (1848-1895), telegrapher and paleontologist born in Glenville, New York, in 1848, made significant contributions to Cambrian paleontology from 1871 to 1888. The focus of his work was the allochthonous Taconic rock that lies east of the Hudson River in easternmost New York. His discovery of a ‘Primordial’ fauna in this region was instrumental in helping to resolve the uncertainty surrounding the age of this older portion of the Taconics. While most of his papers were published in the American Journal of Science, a series of seven papers on the ‘Silurian Age’ was published by the New York Tribune in 1879. For this work he was subsequently awarded an honorary master's degree by Union College.Ford was hired by his contemporary, Charles Doolittle Walcott (1850-1927), to work for the U.S. Geological Survey from 1884 to 1885. Highly regarded by James Hall (1811-1898), James Dwight Dana (1813-1895), Joachim Barrande (1799-1883), and many other prominent geologists of the time, he was often consulted for his expertise in collecting and describing Cambrian-age fossils.While Walcott's career continued to flourish, Ford faded into obscurity after 1888. Plagued by personal problems, he was forced to give up his personal library, his fossil collection, and finally, his career. He died in 1895 at the age of 47, with his passing virtually unnoticed by his professional colleagues.
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Gill, B. J. "Charles Francis Adams: diary of a young American taxidermist visiting New Zealand, 1884–1887". Archives of Natural History 41, n.º 1 (abril de 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2014.0206.
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In December 1884 Charles Francis Adams (1857–1893) left Illinois, USA, by train for San Francisco and crossed the Pacific by ship to work as taxidermist at Auckland Museum, New Zealand, until February 1887. He then went to Borneo via several New Zealand ports, Melbourne and Batavia (Jakarta). This paper concerns a diary by Adams that gives a daily account of his trip to Auckland and the first six months of his employment (from January to July 1885). In this period Adams set up a workshop and diligently prepared specimens (at least 124 birds, fish, reptiles and marine invertebrates). The diary continues with three reports of trips Adams made from Auckland to Cuvier Island (November 1886), Karewa Island (December 1886) and White Island (date not stated), which are important early descriptive accounts of these small offshore islands. Events after leaving Auckland are covered discontinuously and the diary ends with part of the ship's passage through the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia), apparently in April 1887. Adams's diary is important in giving a detailed account of a taxidermist's working life, and in helping to document the early years of Auckland Museum's occupation of the Princes Street building.
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Agrawal, Jagannath. "A study of some verses of the Mandasor Stone inscription dated Malava Year 529". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 118, n.º 1 (enero de 1986): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00139103.
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This inscription of great historical importance was discovered by the copyists of J. F. Fleet in 1884 and was first published by him in the Indian Antiquary, XV, in 1886. He subsequently included it in the Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, Vol. III, which he edited and which was published in 1888. Sir R. G. Bhandarkar published some corrections to the text and translation in JBBRAS, XVII (1887–89). F. Kielhorn published the correction of a reading in verse 31 which much improved the sense. The late A. L. Basham presented a fresh study of this epigraph, in his paper read at the symposium on the Gupta Period of Indian history at Carlton College in Northfield, Minnesota, in 1977. The papers presented at this symposium have now been printed under the title Essays on Gupta culture
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Joseph, John E. "Saussure’s Notes of 1881–1885 on Inner Speech, Linguistic Signs and Language Change". Historiographia Linguistica 37, n.º 1-2 (21 de mayo de 2010): 105–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.37.1-2.04jos.
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Summary This article analyses previously unpublished notes by Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913) contained in a single large register which he used in the first half of the 1880s. The earliest pages include his detailed reactions to La parole intérieure (1881) by Victor Egger (1848–1909). Although these reactions are sometimes hostile, the later notes, dated December 1884 and March 1885, appear to build on ideas he encountered in Egger. These notes — probably connected to his course on Gothic and Old High German grammar at the École des Hautes Études in Paris — show to what extent the account of language associated with his lectures on general linguistics of 1907–1911 was already present in his teaching a quarter of a century earlier.
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Larcher, Pierre. "L’étrange destin d’un livre". Historiographia Linguistica 41, n.º 1 (10 de junio de 2014): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.41.1.04lar.
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Résumé Les arabisants “classicisants” continuent de se référer à A Grammar of the Arabic Language de William Wright (1830–1889), qu’ils citent généralement sans plus de précision. Ce faisant, ils dissimulent la longue histoire de cet ouvrage. Au premier chef, il est la traduction, parue en 2 volumes (1859 et 1862), de la 2e édition, en langue allemande, de la Grammatik der arabischen Sprache (1859) de Carl Paul Caspari (1814–1892). Mais cet ouvrage a lui-même une longue histoire. Une première édition en était parue, en latin, en 1848, sous le titre de Grammatica arabica. La première partie (Doctrina de elementis et formis) avait même été imprimée, une première fois, en 1844. Dans la préface à l’édition latine de 1848, Caspari cite ses deux principales sources: la Grammaire arabe (11810, 21831) d’Antoine-Isaac Silvestre de Sacy (1758–1838) et la Grammatica critica linguae arabicae, en deux volumes (1831 et 1833), de Heinrich Ewald (1803–1875). La version allemande de la Grammaire arabe de Caspari fut rééditée en 1866. Une nouvelle édition en parut en 1876, révisée par August Müller (1848–1892). Cette 4e édition fut traduite en français (deux tirages en 1880 et 1881) par une personnalité étonnante, le Colombien Ezequiel Uricoechea (1834–1880). Elle fut également rééditée (5e et dernière édition) en 1887. Quant à la Grammaire arabe de Wright, une seconde édition, “révisée et grandement augmentée”, en parut, en 2 volumes, en 1874 et 1875, et une troisième édition, révisée par William Robertson Smith (1846–1894) et Michael Jan de Goeje (1836–1909), également en 2 volumes, en 1896 et 1898. Cette troisième édition, avec quelques modifications dues à Anthony Ashley Bevan (1859–1933), fut réimprimée en 1933: c’est à elle, constamment réimprimée, que se réfèrent généralement les arabisants. La Grammaire arabe de Wright apparaît ainsi comme le travail collectif de l’orientalisme européen du XIXe et de la première moitié du XXe siècle, en venant rappeler au passage qu’il est impossible d’en faire l’histoire sans la connaissance de deux de ses grandes langues académiques: le latin et l’allemand.
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Dalin, P., N. Pertsev y V. Romejko. "Notes on historical aspects on the earliest known observations of noctilucent clouds". History of Geo- and Space Sciences 3, n.º 1 (27 de marzo de 2012): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-3-87-2012.
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Abstract. The present paper considers historical aspects of the earliest known observations of noctilucent clouds (NLCs). The 1884 and 1885 are discussed by considering important historical citations by the pioneers of the earliest known observations of noctilucent clouds. For the first time in NLC studies, we consider seven major volcanic eruptions: Laki in 1783, Mount St. Helens in 1800, Tambora in 1815, Galunggung in 1822, Cosigüina in 1835, Shiveluch in 1854 and Askja in 1875. These all preceded the catastrophic 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, which despite having a lesser magnitude than Tambora in 1815, had pronounced effects on the atmosphere. These eruptions represent possible triggers for the appearance of NLCs. For the first time, we publish an unknown, in English-speaking literature, historical fact on the first determinations of the altitude of noctilucent clouds made by two Russian astronomers V. K. Tseraskii and A. A. Belopolskii on 26 June 1885, who managed to infer the altitude of the clouds in the range of 73–83 km, that is, for the first time, demonstrating the possible existence of the clouds at great altitudes in the Earth's atmosphere. Moreover, V. K. Tseraskii was the first observer to photograph noctilucent clouds in 1885 or 1886, which is 1–2 yr before the German astronomer O. Jesse, who owns the first published images of noctilucent clouds. The photographs made by V. K. Tseraskii, unfortunately, did not reach us.
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NEEDELL, JEFFREY D. "Brazilian Abolitionism, Its Historiography, and the Uses of Political History". Journal of Latin American Studies 42, n.º 2 (mayo de 2010): 231–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x1000043x.
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AbstractExplanations of the Abolitionist movement's success in Brazil (1888) have, since the 1960s and 1970s, emphasised the movement's material context, its class nature, and the agency of the captives. These analyses have misunderstood and gradually ignored the movement's formal political history. Even the central role of urban political mobilisation is generally neglected; when it is addressed, it is crippled by lack of informed analysis of its articulation with formal politics and political history. It is time to recover the relationship between Afro-Brazilian agency and the politics of the elite. In this article this is illustrated by analysing two conjunctures critical to the Abolitionist movement: the rise and fall of the reformist Dantas cabinet in 1884–85, and the relationship between the reactionary Cotegipe cabinet (1885–88), the radicalisation of the movement, and the desperate reformism that led to the Golden Law of 13 May 1888.
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H. Meurer, Peter. "Oscar Werner, S.J., and the Reform of Catholic Atlas Cartography in Germany (1884–88)". Journal of Jesuit Studies 6, n.º 1 (11 de marzo de 2019): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00601009.
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The article describes a short but innovative chapter in the history of Catholic atlas making. The work was done by exiled German Jesuits in the Dutch houses after the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1872 during the Kulturkampf. The project began in 1880–81 with four maps of China and India in the Catholic journal Die katholischen Missionen by Alexander Baumgartner, S.J. (1841–1910). His work was taken over by Oscar Werner, S.J. (1849–?). Werner’s Katholischer Missions-Atlas (1884) was the first Catholic missionary atlas. Its twenty-seven maps covered the worldwide dioceses subject to the Propaganda Fide. The supplementary Katholischer Kirchen-Atlas (1888) included fourteen maps of lands with an established Catholic hierarchy. Published in a large number of copies for a low price, both atlases helped to popularize Catholic cartography. This Jesuit groundwork abruptly ended when Werner resigned from the Society in 1891. The German tradition in Catholic atlas cartography was then taken over by members of Society of Divine Word, beginning with the Katholischer Missionsatlas (1906) by Karl Streit svd (1874–1935) and continuing for over a century with the Atlas hierarchicus (1913–2011).
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Jackson, Gordon y David Large. "The Port of Bristol, 1848-1884." Economic History Review 39, n.º 3 (agosto de 1986): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596357.
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Molodiakov, V. E. "“LETTERS OF SEA CADET JEAN” AS A SOURCE ON TAIWAN HISTORY DURING SINO-FRENCH WAR OF 1884–1885". Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, n.º 3 (13) (2020): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-3-181-189.
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Sino-French war of 1884–1885 on land and at sea was significant as the beginning of a new stage of active French colonial policy in the Far East. It was a continuation of the Second French-Vietnamese war of 1883–1886, more known as “Tonkin Campaign”. France wanted to occupy Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and entrench a protectorate there. Tonkin belonged to Chinese sphere of interest because of Hong (Red) river which connected China’s southern provinces with the sea as an important trade route. Armed Conflict between France and China became inevitable. Military operations of the Far East squadron under the command of Admiral Amédée Courbet (1827–1885) become an important part of the campaign: Defeat of Chinese fleet in the Battle of Fuzhou, capture of Keelung, blockade of Taiwan’s ports, occupation of the Pescadores. This article for the first time introduces in the Russian language the “letters of sea cadet Jean” — letters from a sea cadet of Courbet’s squadron who depicted different episodes of the campaign, including landing and stay at Taiwan, relations with local authorities and population, Chinese and aborigines. For the first time the letters were published in 1890/91 in French and re-published with some notes in 2005; there is no translation into any foreign language so far. Written by a young seaman under a culture shock from a completely new and surprising world these letters are valuable for the sincerity of the story, freshness of the impressions and certain literary merits.
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Mackert, Michael. "Franz Boas’ early northwest coast alphabet". Historiographia Linguistica 26, n.º 3 (31 de diciembre de 1999): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.26.3.06mac.
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Summary During his work for the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS), Franz Boas (1858–1942) designed a phonetic alphabet for the Native American languages of British Columbia in his correspondence with Horatio Hale (1817–1896), who had been entrusted with the supervision of Boas’ activities. This correspondence is of importance because it provides a record of the formation of Boas’ alphabet and documents Hale’s role in this process. Boas’ correspondence and linguistic publications on Inuftitut and Bella Coola which preceded his BAAS reports show that he was already familiar with the conventions used in the alphabets of Kleinschmidt (1851), Lepsius (1863), and Rink (1884, 1887–1891) when he began fieldwork for the BAAS. His letters to John W. Powell (1834–1902) and Hale give further testimony that he was also acquainted with the alphabets of F. M. Müller (1854), Powell (1880), and Techmer (1884). In his dialogue with Hale, Boas expressed his dissatisfaction with the existing transcription systems, which he considered impracticable or deficient. Boas envisioned a scientific phonetic alphabet based on his psycholinguistic theory of phonetics. He was particularly concerned with the accurate representation of schwa, of different series of fricatives and stops, and of so-called synthetic or alternating sounds, which he encountered in the Native American languages of British Columbia. Both Boas and Hale believed future work would not corroborate the existence of surd-sonants (voiceless-voiced sounds) as members of triple series of consonants consisting of surds, surd-sonants, and sonants. Boas did not deny the existence of surd-sonants, but, within his theory of phonetics, he considered them as sounds that were alternately apperceived as being voiced and voiceless. Boas’ first version of his BAAS alphabet and his introductory remarks to the phonetics of the Native American languages described in his BAAS reports show that practical considerations (simplicity, readability, quotability, and availability of types) and Boas’ psycholinguistic interpretation of surd-sonants took priority over the latter’s concerns for an accurate scientific transcription system.
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Richey, Russell E. "Methodism and Providence: a Study in Secularization". Studies in Church History. Subsidia 7 (1990): 51–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143045900001332.
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In 1884, the American Historical Association was founded. Four years later, in 1888, the American Society of Church History came into being. The two events, the founding of the ASCH as well as of the AHA, belong to the larger saga of late nineteenth century professional formation. In field after field, amateur and patrician endeavours fell before what seemed a common strategy to consolidate, standardize, resource, institutionalize, and professionalize. The relation of the ASCH to the AHA is instructive. The two organizations shared much. Both drew significantly upon the idiom and structures of German historical scholarship. The guiding spirit of the AHA, Herbert Baxter Adams, plied his German training in a research seminar at Johns Hopkins whose methods and graduates swept historical efforts across the nation into the AHA orbit. His counterpart, Philip Schaff, conceived the ASCH in comparable instrumental and imperialistic terms. German-born, trained by Ferdinand Christian Baur and Johann A. W. Neander, Schaff put an indelible mark on the field of church history. The scholarship attests the leadership and legacy: a 13-volume American Church History Series (1893-7), his own 6-volume History of the Christian Church (1882-92), a 3-volumc Religious Encyclopaedia (1882-4), adapted from that of J.J. Hcrzog, the 3-volumc Creeds of Christendom (1877), and the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, the two series of which ran to 28 and 14 volumes (1886-9, 1890–1900).
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Cifuentes, Patricio Ibarra. "“A Chile pidas perdón”: Nicolás de Piérola en las caricaturas de El Ferrocarrilito durante la Guerra del Pacífico (1880-1881)". Tempo 27, n.º 1 (abril de 2021): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/tem-1980-542x2021v270104.
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Resumen: Entre los años 1880 y 1881, en pleno desarrollo de la Guerra del Pacífico (1879-1884), que enfrentó a Chile contra el Perú y Bolivia por los territorios salitreros de Antofagasta y Tarapacá, el periódico de sátira chileno El Ferrocarrilito ridiculizó en sus caricaturas y versos al mandatario peruano Nicolás de Piérola. Esas manifestaciones culturales son analizadas como la escenificación de las ideas que artistas y editores transmitieron al público consumidor de noticias en clave satírica, supeditadas discurso patriótico, nacionalista y belicista imperante en la sociedad chilena enfrentada al desafío bélico contra dos países al mismo tiempo. Así colaboraron en la creación y repetición de un imaginario y estereotipos respecto de los enemigos de Chile, en especial con los peruanos.
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Muller, F. L. "Otto von Bismarck: Gesammelte Werke. Schriften 1882-1883, ed. Ulrich Lappenkuper * Otto von Bismarck: Gesammelte Werke. Schriften 1884-1885, ed. Ulrich Lappenkuper". English Historical Review 128, n.º 534 (4 de septiembre de 2013): 1277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cet219.
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Silva, Edgleide de Oliveira Clemente da. "Espaço, Saberes e Tempo escolar nos relatórios da Instrução Pública e Particular da Província de Alagoas, Brasil (1866-1868)". Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 8, n.º 2 (23 de diciembre de 2021): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.348.
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This study analyzes the context of space, knowledge and school time present in the public and private education reports of the province of Alagoas, written by the physician Thomaz do Bomfim Espindola (1832-1889) in the 19th century. These reports were the result of his role as Inspector General of Studies in the years 1866 to 1868. These writings include themes such as poor teacher qualifications, poor application of learning methods, abandonment of physical education, moral education, and religious education. quantitative figures on the number of private and public primary and secondary schools, teacher hiring, replacement and dismissal, among other subjects. As a member of the Liberal Party of Alagoas, Espindola held the positions of provincial deputy from 1860-1861, 1864-1865 and 1866-1867, deputy general from 1878 to 1881 and from 1881 to 1884, and interim president in the same province in 1867 and 1878. In Education, he worked as a teacher of Geography, Chronology and History at the Alagoas High School, Hygiene at the High School of Arts and Crafts and Philosophy at São Bernardo High School. He was consulted to propose changes in Brazilian education by drafting the opinions of the «Reform of Primary Education and Various Complementary Institutions of Public Education» (1882) and the «Reform of Secondary and Higher Education» (1883) together with Rui Barbosa and Ulysses Vianna. Therefore, the analysis of the theoretical relationships of space, knowledge and school time of public and private education in the province of Alagoas contributes to the understanding of the advances and the limits of the school formation of the Brazilian Empire.
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Uciecha, Andrzej. "Stephan Schiwietz (Siwiec) – uczeń w szkole Maxa Sdralka". Vox Patrum 64 (15 de diciembre de 2015): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.3728.
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Stefan Schiwietz (Stefan Siwiec), 1863-1941 – a Roman Catholic priest, Doctor of Theology, historian of the Eastern Orthodox Church, pedagogue – was born in Miasteczko Śląskie (Georgenberg) on 23th August 1863. He studied theology at the University of Wrocław for 3 years (1881-1884) under H. Laemmer, F. Probst, A. König and M. Sdralek, among others, and then continued his theological studies in Innsbruck (1884-1886), where he was a pupil of J. Jungmann and G. Bickell. The seminarist spent two years (1885-1886) in Freising in Bavaria, where in 1886 he took his holy orders. Siwiec published his doctoral thesis in Wrocław in 1896, so at the time when Sdralek took the chair of Church History. The subject of the Silesian scholar’s dissertation concerned the monastic reform of Theodore the Studite De S. Theodoro Studita reformatore monachorum Basilianorum. Siwiec combined his didactic work as a religious and mathematics teacher in the public middle school in Racibórz with his academic studies on the history of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, especially on monasticism. The results of his research were published both in German and in Polish. His most significant work is a three-volume monograph Das morgenländische Mönchtum (Bd. 1: Das Ascetentum der drei ersten christl. Jahrhunderte und das egyptische Mönchtum im vierten Jahrhundert, Mainz 1904; Bd. 2: Das Mönchtum auf Sinai und in Palästina im 4 Jahrhundert, Mainz 1913; Bd. 3: Das Mönchtum in Syrien und Mesopotamien und das Aszetentum in Persien vierten Jarhundert, Mödling bei Wien 1938) on the history of the beginnings and development of Oriental monasticism in Egypt, Palestine, Syria and Persia, until the 4th century, which up to the present day has been cited in the world Patristic literature. Yet, Siwiec’s academic work still remains little known, especially in the circle of historians of antiquity and Polish patrologists. The equally little known figure of Max Sdralek, another Silesian (coming from Woszczyce) priest and academic, Rector of University of Wrocław, provides a significant context with the research methodology which this eminent scholar initiated, developed and tried to pass down to his pupils, among whom was also Stefan Siwiec. Sdralek strictly demanded that the principle of the priority of Church history over history of religion and psychology should be kept. In his works a description of socio-cultural factors and natural conditions determining the process of development of Christianity enables to see in a much clearer way how God’s plan has unfolded in history. The mutual dependence of Sdralek and Siwiec, the similarities and differences in their ways of studying and understanding Church history still remains an issue worth further exploration.
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Davis, C. S. "Liberal Imperialism in Germany: Expansionism and Nationalism, 1848-1884". German History 28, n.º 4 (19 de agosto de 2010): 587–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghq079.
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Souza, Felipe Azevedo e. "Huguenotes, ingleses, abacaxis: associativismo abolicionista e escravizados nas rotas de fuga entre Pernambuco e Ceará na década de 1880". Topoi (Rio de Janeiro) 23, n.º 50 (agosto de 2022): 408–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-101x02305004.
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RESUMO Huguenotes, ingleses e abacaxis são termos que foram empregados por abolicionistas para ocultar a identidade de pessoas escravizadas que escaparam do cativeiro por rotas de fuga entre a Zona da Mata pernambucana, o Recife e os quilombos abolicionistas no Ceará. O artigo aborda a montagem de uma rede abolicionista interprovincial no início da década de 1880 e a intensificação das fugas de escravizados entre 1884 e 1888, observando em particular a atuação clandestina e radical do Clube do Cupim, bem como alguns aspectos relacionados à construção de sua memória no pós-abolição. O Clube se destacou em relação às associações abolicionistas do período pela diversidade social de seus membros e pela capacidade de promover a articulação de trabalhadores livres pobres, libertos e escravizados em operações que desarticularam o escravismo na região.
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Wiling, Michael. "Competition for the Chair for Pharmacology at the University of Dorpat in 1882 between Hans Horst Meyer and Gustav von Bunge". Acta medico-historica Rigensia 15 (2022): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.01.
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The study focuses on the first position held by pharmacologist Hans Horst Meyer (1853–1939) 1 as a professor of pharmacology, dietetics, and the history of medicine at the University of Dorpat (today, Tartu University, Estonia) from 1882 to 1884. Meyer is known as the founder of pharmacology as an independent academic discipline in Vienna (Austria). 2 He competed with the well-known physiologist Gustav Piers Alexander von Bunge (1844–1920) for the position of the chairman of the department in 1881. Meyer was given the position of a professor in Dorpat instead of Gustav von Bunge (1844–1929). The outcome of the competition raises several research questions: why Meyer was allocated the chair in 1881; which arguments spoke in favour of Meyer and what was against him, what spoke against von Bunge; which historical events influenced university life in Dorpat; under which political and ideological currents the decision for the new professor was made. Events such as the Russification of the university and the assassination of Alexander II (1818–1881) significantly impacted teaching at the University of Dorpat from 1875 to 1885. During that period, both professors formed the basis of their outstanding academic careers. The arti- cle provides biographical analysis of Hans Horst Meyer based on Meyer’s files from the University’s of Tartu archive. Since Meyer competed with Gustav von Bunge for his first position as a chairholder, the biography of Gustav von Bunge has also been studied, contextualising it with the significant changes in the organisation of the University of Dorpat. Individual academic achievements of both scholars have been identified and listed using such platforms as Web of Science, Neurotree, the pharmacological journal “Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology”, The Online Books Page, and WorldCat. Afterward, the conclusions about the individual scientific portfolios of the two applicants for the chair- man of the department have been made. Finally, contributing factor to why Hans Horst Meyer was successful with his application has been identified.
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Chochiev, Georgy. "Historiographical initiative of the Circassian elite in the Ottoman Empire (1883—1884)". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2019, n.º 12_4 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii201912statyi110.
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Eastwood, David y Felix Driver. "Power and Pauperism: The Workhouse System, 1834-1884." Economic History Review 47, n.º 2 (mayo de 1994): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2598103.
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Gattiboni, Rita. "Cartas de Alforria em Rio Grande (1874-9/1884-9)". Estudos Ibero-Americanos 16, n.º 1, 2 (31 de diciembre de 1990): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-864x.1990.1-2.36323.
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Hood, Sinclair. "An Early British Interest in Knossos". Annual of the British School at Athens 82 (noviembre de 1987): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400020335.
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Four letters written in 1879, 1880, and 1884, by Thomas B. Sandwith, the British Consul in Crete, to the British Museum throw light on the early history of the site of the Bronze Age palace at Knossos. The first of these letters (1879) contains a brief eyewitness account of the excavations of Minos Kalokairinos there in the winter of 1878–9 and urges the British Museum to continue his work. The two later letters (1884) deal with his gift of a pithos from the palace excavations to the Museum. The letters also refer to clandestine excavations in the Sanctuary of Demeter at Knossos.
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Stern, Fritz. "German History in America, 1884–1984". Central European History 19, n.º 2 (junio de 1986): 131–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900019397.
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Fernández-Paradas, Mercedes y Antonio Jesús Pinto Tortosa. "La saga de los ingenieros británicos Manby y su contribución a la industria del gas en Francia y España (1776-1884)". Asclepio 73, n.º 2 (12 de noviembre de 2021): p561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/asclepio.2021.19.
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El inglés Aaron Manby (1776-1850) es el iniciador de una saga, continuada por sus hijos, también ingenieros: Charles (1804-1884), John Richard (1813-1869), Joseph (1814-1862), y Edward (1816-1864). Todos ellos desempeñaron un papel muy relevante en la Europa del ochocientos, combinando su profesión como ingenieros con una intensa actividad industrial, que desarrollaron en Gran Bretaña, Francia y España. Aaron, el patriarca, fue el primero en construir un barco de hierro, que comunicó Gran Bretaña y Francia. En Francia levantó una gran industria metalúrgica a principios de la década de 1820, dedicándose a la construcción de este tipo de buques, y entre otros menesteres también abarcó la fabricación de equipamiento para el negocio gasista; de hecho, obtuvo la concesión para el alumbrado de París. A mediados de los años 1840 sus hijos Joseph y Edward marcharon a España, donde destacaron con un trabajo frenético en la industria del gas, así como en la desecación de lagunas, la construcción de ferrocarril, o la explotación minera. En este estudio se analiza el conjunto de sus actividades, subrayando su participación en el nacimiento de la industria española del gas, sin descuidar el resto de ámbitos en los que diversificaron sus inversiones.
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Chowdhury, Probal Roy. "Community Profile of Primary Education in Madras Presidency in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries: Part I: 1825–85". Indian Historical Review 45, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2018): 189–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983617747982.
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In this article, we trace in two parts the changing community profile of boys studying in primary schools in Madras Presidency during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century. We first present a summary of the community profile of boys studying in the indigenous schools in the different linguistic regions of the Presidency as recorded in a detailed survey conducted by the Presidency government during 1822–25. We then discuss the growth of primary education in the Presidency under the new governmental education system during the period 1835–85. Our study is based on the annual Reports of the Department of Public Instruction (RDPI), which are available from the year 1855, the Census reports of 1871 and 1881, and the Report of the Education Commission of 1881. During 1883–90, the RDPI also give detailed district-level data that enables us to compile the community profile of boys studying in the primary schools in different linguistic regions of the Presidency for the year 1884–85 and compare it with the profile of boys studying in the indigenous schools in ca. 1825.
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Canal Morell, Jordi. "De Barcelona a Buenos Aires (1889-1898): Francisco de Paula Oller, la propaganda carlista y la fundación de El Legitimista Español". Pasado y Memoria, n.º 26 (30 de enero de 2023): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/pasado.23676.
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En septiembre de 1898 vio la luz en Buenos Aires el primer número del periódico carlista El Legitimista Español, dirigido formalmente por Luis de Mas e inspirado impulsado y redactado por Francisco de Paula Oller. Entre 1898 y 1912 salieron a la calle un total de 174 números del periódico, a veces con periodicidad quincenal y en otras mensual. Oller había nacido en 1860 en Barcelona y fue un joven combatiente en la Segunda guerra carlista (1872-1876). Entre 1889 y 1892 su empresa Biblioteca Tradicionalista, que editaba tres periódicos –Lo Crit d’Espanya, El Estandarte Real, La Carcajada– y un almanaque, tuvo un papel muy importante en el terreno de la prensa y propaganda carlistas. Además de su incombustible trabajo en el campo periodístico, Oller escribió varios libros, como Combates del corazón (1884), La España Carlista (1885) o los tres tomos del Álbum de personajes carlistas con sus biografías (1887-1890). Llegó a Argentina con su familia en 1892, tras dejar atrás Barcelona y sus negocios. En Buenos Aires se convirtió en abogado y llevó a cabo una amplia actividad publicística. El trabajo de Francisco de Paula Oller para articular núcleos carlistas en América del sur y para organizar el movimiento en Argentina resultó bastante exitoso. Oller estuvo detrás, asimismo, de un buen número de iniciativas, polémicas y de la fundación de la Juventud carlista de la capital argentina. En este artículo se propone una reconstrucción de la vida y de los trabajos periodísticos y propagandísticos del publicista carlista Francisco de Paula Oller en las décadas de 1880 y 1890.
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Sapozhnykov, І. V. "THE KURGANS OF BUDZHAK EXPLORED BY F. I. KNAUER: HISTORY OF EXCAVATION, CARTOGRAPHY AND MODERN STATE". Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 33, n.º 4 (25 de diciembre de 2019): 396–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.04.32.
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The article is observed the archeological activity of the native of German colony of Sarata in Budzhak and the author of first excavations of the barrows of this region, Professor F. I. Knauer. Fedor (Friedrich) Ivan Knauer (1849—1917) graduated the Sarata Teachers College (1865). He studied linguistics, Sanskrit and German at the Universities of Jena and Tubingen, graduated the University of Derpt (1882) where he defended his doctoral thesis (1884). After that he worked at St. Vladimir University in Kiev as Professor of the Department of Comparative Linguistics and Sanskrit (from 1886 to 1915). He participated the XI Archaeological Congress in Kiev (1899), XIII (1902, Hamburg) and XVI (1912, Athens) international congresses of orientalists.
The scholar engaged in archaeology under the influence of members of the Historical Society of Nestor the Chronist, in particular Professor V. B. Antonovich. One of his tasks was to gather the collection for the creation of the archaeological museum at St. Vladimir’s University. The fieldwork of the scholar in 1888—1889, 1891, and 1899 are described in the paper. During these works he examined 11 barrows on the banks of the rivers Sarat and Kogylnik and found 75—77 graves which were compiled to the chrono-stratigraphic column of burials from the Eneolithic to the Middle Ages. In the special annex to the paper the materials of research of the author of 2018 were revealed, during which the state of the majority of thebarrows of F. I. Knauer was discovered and some of which are proposed to be excavated
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Nefedov, S. А. "ON SOME SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION IN RUSSIA". Вестник Пермского университета. История 63, n.º 4 (2023): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2023-4-40-48.
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The paper analyzes the socio-economic consequences of the first network of Russian railways constructed be-tween 1866 and 1875. The purpose of this project, according to the plan of the Minister of Finance M. Kh. Reitern, was to increase exports and improve trade and the balance of payments. In accordance with this plan, “export” rail-ways were prioritized, linking inland agricultural regions with the seaports Grain exports increased sixfold between 1862 and 1878, comprising 3/5 of total exports by value. Correcting official grain collection data reveals a 17% de-crease in per capita net grain balance in European Russia from 1862 to 1881 due to massive exports. The decrease in consumption is also evident from the declining average height of recruits, which dropped by 0.4 cm in 1882–1884 compared to 1875–1884. The most significant decline of 0.7 cm or more occurred in regions from where grain was exported. While the consumption of the peasants was decreasing, the standard of living of the “sufficient classes” was rising. Exporting grain to industrial countries of Europe, where grain prices were higher than in Russia, sharply increased income for landowners and doubled the value of their land. Correspondingly, the size of deposits in banks and the imports of high-quality consumer goods increased. The number of “travelers” going abroad and the amount of currency they took with them rose sharply.
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Dubosclard, Alain. "« Commandant » Pechkoff (1884-1966)." Guerres mondiales et conflits contemporains 202-203, n.º 2 (2001): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gmcc.202.0243.
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BENNETT, J. M. R. "THE BRITISH LUTHER COMMEMORATION OF 1883–1884 IN EUROPEAN CONTEXT". Historical Journal 58, n.º 2 (11 de mayo de 2015): 543–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000235.
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AbstractIn 1883 and early 1884 the controversial commemoration of the four-hundredth birthday of Martin Luther, celebrated in Germany and worldwide, captured much British public attention. The examination of this celebration offered here will improve current understanding of late Victorian religious controversies and indicate their continuing centrality to a range of cultural and historical debates in the period. The commemoration invigorated historic antagonisms in the British religious landscape, yet it also did far more than this. The commemoration provided a platform for those who wanted to foster Protestant unity in the face of what was widely perceived to be a revived threat from ‘popery’ and religious indifference at home and abroad. Whereas some religious and not-very-religious commentators, often belonging to a younger generation, wanted closely to associate Luther's world-historical role with liberalizing intellectual and social progress, others – sceptics, Catholics, high Anglicans, older Protestants – resisted this. Arguments about Luther's life and teaching often became more broadly Victorian discussions of the family, Anglo-German affinities or antagonisms, and the nature of modernity. By relating themes in the study of modern religious history to current concerns in the history of historical writing, this article will point to wider lacunae in scholarly approaches to nineteenth-century culture.
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Snelders, H. A. M. "History of Science Today, 2.: History of Science in the Netherlands". British Journal for the History of Science 20, n.º 3 (julio de 1987): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400023980.
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After Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff had passed away on 1 March 1911, his pupil Charles Marinus van Deventer (1860–1931) wrote a very personal ‘in memoriam’ in the Dutch literary periodical De Gids, pointing out that van't Hoff had merely been interested in scientific facts, not in the people discovering these facts. Van't Hoff considered the study of the history of chemistry, although by no means uncongenial, a matter of little importance. He once even said: ‘To me historical research appears to be appropriate for a chemist in the decline of life, when he no longer creates professional ideas, and when the laboratory has become a burden to him’. Although van Deventer had studied physical chemistry at van't Hoff's Amsterdam laboratory and had been his assistant from 1885 until 1893, he disagreed with this verdict. Van Deventer was not only a capable physical chemist, he was also an active member of the Tachtigers, a circle of Dutch poets who around 1880 brought about a renewal in Dutch literature. He took a special interest in Greek philosophy. He did not graduate with van't Hoff, but with his colleague Jan Willem Gunning (1827–1900). His thesis was not based on physical-chemical, but on historical research: Schetsen uit de Geschiedenis van de Scheikunde (‘Sketches from the history of chemistry’; 13 December 1884). From 1922 to 1923 he lectured on the history of chemistry at Utrecht University. His fascinating lectures were published as Grepen uit de Historie der Chemie (‘Choices from the history of chemistry’; 1924). This work reveals his particular interest in the development of chemical concepts.
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Gill, Brian. "Charles De Kempeneer (c.1852–1884), preparator: one of Auckland Museum’s earliest employees". Records of the Auckland Museum 53 (20 de diciembre de 2018): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32912/ram.2018.53.5.
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Henry Ward, the American businessman and trader in natural history specimens, visited Auckland Museum in 1881 and subsequently helped the museum to recruit a preparator. Correspondence between Ward and the museum’s curator, Thomas Cheeseman, shows that the first preparator sent by Ward was the Belgian, Charles De Kempeneer, who had worked previously for about seven years at both the “Royal Museum”, Brussels, and at Ward’s establishment in Rochester, New York State. De Kempeneer started at Auckland Museum in July 1882 for a trial period of about three months until October 1882, the museum having insufficient funds to pay him for longer. He then got work with the Macleay collection in Sydney (Australia) but negotiated with Cheeseman a permanent position at Auckland Museum, whose finances had been improved by the Costley Bequest of 1884. De Kempeneer returned to Auckland to commence work but died on arrival, a tragic loss of a talented young man. By virtue of his short-term engagement, De Kempeneer ranks as one of Auckland Museum earliest employees and the museum’s archival record of the Cheeseman correspondence has enabled a memory of him to be recovered.
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Taylor, Antony y Felix Driver. "Power and Pauperism: The Workhouse System 1834-1884". Labour / Le Travail 35 (1995): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25143947.
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Knežević, Mara. "The first Serbian children's book collections: Contribution to the history of children's literature". Zbornik radova Uciteljskog fakulteta Prizren-Leposavic, n.º 14 (2020): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrufpl2014063k.
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The first Serbian children's book collections were published in the second half of the 19th century by Stevan V. Popovic in Pest. As a highschool and law student, Popovic stayed in Tekelijanum, in the Institute for Accommodation of Serbian Students. In 1872, he was the first in Serbian children's literature to prepare a collection Wreath of Poems and founded The Litlle World library. He published the following book collections: Images and Opportunities (Pest, 1872), Christmas Gift (Novi Sad, 1872), Radovan's Gift (1876), Christmas (1876), Day and Night (1877), Marigold Flowers (1877), Rest Days (1878), Children's Rejoicing (1878), Serbian Reciter (1879), Basil (1880), Little Gusle (1881), Little World (1882), Radovan (1883), Polaznik (1886), Badnjak (1891), Pearl Flowers (1905), Great Serbian Reciter. Stevan V. Popovic was appointed as manager of Tekelijanum in 1882. He dedicated his whole life to spreading Serbian education and educating the youth. The first Serbian children's book collections have not been included in the educational system of the Republic of Serbia so far, which interrupted the studing of Serbian literature for children.
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Moniot, Henri y Denyse de Saivre. "Centenaire de la Conférence de Berlin, 1884-1885". Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 22, n.º 1 (1988): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485498.
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(Голубинская), Н.Ф., Клобукова. "Confucian Moral and Educational Function of Music: from the History of Japanese School Education". Журнал Общества теории музыки, n.º 2(38) (1 de noviembre de 2022): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26176/otmroo.2022.38.2.007.
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Данная статья сосредоточена на некоторых аспектах школьной образовательной реформы, предпринятой во время эпохи Мэйдзи (1868–1912). В процессе создания системы образования по западному образцу в программы начальной и средней школ была включена музыка как обязательный предмет. Для занятий пением были разработаны специальные хрестоматии «Сёгаку сёка сю», выходившие в 1881–1884 годах; их авторами были японский деятель образования Исава Сюдзи и американский педагог и композитор Лютер Уайтинг Мэйсон. Тексты песен были основаны как на природной тематике, так и на принципах морально-нравственного воспитания детей и подростков. Уважение к учителю и к обществу в целом, упорство, симпатия к окружающим — эти идеи в настоящее время продолжают жить и работать, несмотря на прозападные музыкальные вкусы современной японской молодежи. This article focuses on some aspects of school education reform undertaken during the Meiji period (1868–1912). In the process of creating a Western-style education system, music was included in the curricula of primary and secondary schools as a compulsory subject. For singing, special anthologies «Shogaku shoka shu» were created and published in 1881–1884; their authors were the Japanese educator Isawa Shuji and the American music teacher and composer Luther Whiting Mason. The lyrics of new school songs were based on both themes and the principal of moral and ethical education of children and adolescents. Respect for the teacher and for society as a whole, perseverance, sympathy for others – these ideas currently continue to live and work, despite the pro-Western musical tastes of modern Japanese youth.
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Pešić, Miroslav. "Party struggles in the Kingdom of Serbia from 1884 to 1887". Зборник радова Филозофског факултета у Приштини 50, n.º 4 (2020): 143–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp50-26092.
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Garašanin's Progressive Government proposed to the National Assembly, which was held in Niš in May 1884, to adopt amendments to several laws of a political nature after the demise of the Timok rebellion. These were the bills amending the law: on the press, on the associations and choirs, on the municipality, and on the gendarmerie. By adopting these repressive laws, the progressives practically prevented the work of political parties, reinforced police surveillance over the municipalities, and increased the gendarmerie forces further. The lost war with Bulgaria in 1885 marked the beginning of the political breakdown of the Progressives and King Milan, who was close to them, although they repeatedly disagreed with his political actions. However, their departure from the political scene did not begin immediately after the lost war, as many expected, but took another year and a half for the Progressives, and three years for King Milan. On the other hand, the Radicals began to believe in the possibility that the defeat that they experienced during the Timok rebellion could come to a victory, that is, to power. A long-standing march against the Radical Party was halted, as King Milan realized that he could not rule with the constant ignorance of the will of the people. The broad popular masses led by the People's Radical Party should have approached the throne and the dynasty and together with the representatives of the Progressive Party alleviate the difficult situation created by the war against Bulgaria, and later provide the crown prince with a safer ruler. The royal attempt to persuade the Radicals to agree with the Progressives failed, as representatives of the Radical Party at the assembly held in February 1886 in Niš resolutely refused an agreement with the Progressives. In April 1886, they signed an agreement with the Liberals, which contained a joint program of work of both parties. The most important points of this program, which was a reflection of the compromise on both sides, concerned the change of the Constitution in the internal and the improvement of relations with the Russians in foreign policy. In June 1887, a liberal-radical government was formed, the first coalition government in the political history of Serbia.
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Yochelson, Ellis L. "The trilobite from Ohio with preserved legs: 1Mickelborough 1883 and Walcott 1884". Archives of Natural History 30, n.º 2 (octubre de 2003): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2003.30.2.331.
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ABSTRACT: Part and counterpart of a trilobite collected from Upper Ordovician strata near Cincinnati, Ohio, USA, provided additional information on the legs of trilobites. These appendages had only been certainly known for less than a decade. The specimen was described by a local paleontologist in the local natural history journal, but part of the text was repeated in a leading American biological journal, and repeated in full in the Geological magazine. This trilobite was subsequently redescribed by C. D. Walcott in Science, following a speech in which he discussed it before the Biological Society of Washington. The specimen is now in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Washington.
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Pearce, Brian. "Zinovii Sverdlov‐Peshkov (1884–1966)". Revolutionary Russia 6, n.º 1 (junio de 1993): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546549308575599.
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Tarkowski, Radosław. "Polscy przyrodnicy: Konstanty Jelski, Jan Sztolcman oraz Jan Kalinowski i ich wkład w badania przyrodnicze Peru w drugiej połowie XIX i na początku XX wieku". Studia Historiae Scientiarum 20 (13 de septiembre de 2021): 569–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2543702xshs.21.016.14047.
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Polscy przyrodnicy: Konstanty Jelski (1837–1896), Jan Sztolcman (1854–1928) oraz Jan Kalinowski (1857–1941) działali w Peru w drugiej połowie XIX oraz na początku XX wieku. Jelski przebywał w Peru w latach 1869–1879, Sztolcman dwukrotnie w latach 1875–1881 i 1882–1884, Kalinowski zaś przybył w 1889 roku i pozostał w tym kraju aż do śmierci. Ich pobyt miał na celu zebranie bogatej, mało znanej fauny, głównie ptaków, a prace tych przyrodników były sponsorowane przez rodzinę Branickich. Zebrane okazy fauny były przesyłane do Warszawskiego Gabinetu Zoologicznego zarządzanego przez W. Taczanowskiego oraz do prywatnego muzeum Branickich przy Frascati. Materiały zebrane przez polskich przyrodników wzbogaciły zbiory wielu instytucji naukowych w Polsce, również tych zagranicznych. Okazy fauny były podstawą do opisu wielu nowych gatunków nieznanych nauce. Nazwiska polskich przyrodników są znane do dziś specjalistom od fauny i flory neotropikalnej. Pojawiają się często w nazwach nowych gatunków opisanych na podstawie odkrytych przez nich okazów. Przesłane z Peru zbiory uczyniły Warszawski Gabinet Zoologiczny ośrodkiem badań neotropikalnej awifauny na światowym poziomie, a kolekcja ta była konsultowana przez specjalistów z całej Europy. Ptaki z Peru stanowiły podstawę opracowania monografii Ornithologie du Pérou W. Taczanowskiego. Kolekcje oraz obserwacje Jelskiego i Sztolcmana wniosły znaczący wkład w przygotowanie dzieła A. Raimondiego El Peru. Sztolcman opublikował dwutomowe dzieło Peru. Wspomnienia z podróży z mapą stanowiące ważny wkład Polski w poznawanie tego kraju. Ptaki i ssaki zebrane przez Kalinowskiego w Peru wzbogaciły kolekcje muzeów w Limie, Waszyngtonie, Londynie, Warszawie.
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Bergman, Yoel. "Fair Chance and not a Blunt Refusal". Vulcan 5, n.º 1 (20 de octubre de 2017): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134603-00501003.
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Newly found documents demonstrate that Alfred Nobel’s 1887 patented smokeless Ballistite gunpowder was tested by the French Army in 1889, yielding unimpressive results. This and other technical reasons were the basis for final 1889 French rejection rather than political motives, as claimed by Nobel, repeated by an influential 1962 biography, and echoed on a current Nobel website. Nobel offered Ballistite to the French military in late 1887, but was refused by 1888 since the French smokeless poudre B of 1884 was already employed and Ballistite was considered erosive and unsafe to produce. However, letters from French officials (and the intervention of the French Minister of War) confirm that Ballistite was indeed tested by the French military in 1889. Ballistic results in the 8 mm Lebel rifle were unfavorable and this seems the final technical reason for the rejection, rather than French interests in promoting their supposedly inferior propellant. This case study highlights the question of balance between technical and social history of military technology. The latter, examining social factors often ignored in various past military technological histories, have shown to shape inventions. In this case, though, the author of the influential Nobel biography has missed the complex technical history of the issue, relying on the personal and political for explaining the decisions.
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Gutiérrez Domínguez, María del Mar. "El periodismo español en la Ciudad de México al servicio de la pax porfiriana (1884-1892)". Revista Complutense de Historia de América 48 (4 de abril de 2022): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rcha.81381.
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El objetivo del artículo es explicar la evolución de la prensa española en la capital mexicana durante la primera y segunda reelección de Porfirio Díaz (1884-1888, 1888-1892), momento a partir del cual comenzó la consolidación de lo que posteriormente sería conocido como “Porfiriato”, un régimen preocupado por la pacificación del país y el desarrollo de las inversiones extranjeras. El periodismo español, que hasta el momento había permanecido bastante replegado sobre las preocupaciones de la colonia española, dio durante estos años un importante viraje. Así, al comenzar la última década del siglo XIX, el vocero más representativo de la colectividad —El Correo Español— era un periódico afín a la clase política en el poder y representante de un grupo que tenía numerosas concesiones y contratos comerciales con el gobierno.