Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Historic sites – Italy – Rome"
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Budzyński, Radosław, Dzianis Filipchyk, Melchior Jakubowski, Dzmitry Marozau, Ruth Sargent Noyes y Vika Veličkaitė. "‘Baltic catacombs.’ Translating corpisanti catacomb relic-sculptures between Rome, Polish Livonia, and the Lithuanian Grand Duchy circa 1750-1800". Open Research Europe 1 (24 de marzo de 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13259.1.
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This article offers a first study of the traffic of corpisanti catacomb relic-sculptures between Rome and sites in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Polish Livonia in the decades just before and during the Age of Partition (c. 1750-1800). The article firstly frames an overview of current knowledge on corpisanti more broadly against cases in Livonia and the Grand Duchy. It secondly provides a clearinghouse of secondary and primary source evidence on this topic, with particular attention to providing previously largely unpublished or under-studied texts pertaining to corpisanti cults in the north in translation, included as appendices. This article also presents a study in methods of collaborative scholarship in the pandemic era, investigating across distinct genres of source materials and material and artistic cultural heritage objects accessed via scholarly networks both in the field and online, representing historic sites and institutions in present-day Italy, Ukraine, Belarus, Poland, Latvia, and Lithuania.
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Battista, Gabriele, Emanuele de Lieto Vollaro, Paweł Ocłoń y Roberto de Lieto Vollaro. "Retrofit Analysis of a Historical Building in an Architectural Constrained Area: A Case Study in Rome, Italy". Applied Sciences 12, n.º 23 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 12305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312305.
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A significant portion of Europe’s historical buildings have significant potential for energy efficiency. Social policy is typically opposed to energy retrofits because it is concerned about damaging historical or cultural sites. Contrarily, there are several approaches to energy efficiency that may be used with historic structures while also retaining the region’s architectural constraints. The findings of this study demonstrate that historical structures, which are typically not targets of energy efficiency technology because of architectural constraints on the building or in the neighbourhood, may also achieve a meaningful decrease in energy usage and GHG emissions. The significant energy-saving capability of this type of building is emphasized in the historical structure taken into consideration. The historical building object of the present study was built in the beginning of the 1900s and it was selected by the Ministry of Culture for energy efficiency improvements.
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Lee, Eun Min, Deok Hee Cheon y Young Kwan Lee. "The Effect of Travel Guide's Commentary on Historic Relics Tourism Resources on Traveler Satisfaction, Place Attachment and Loyalty: Focusing on Elderly Tourists". Convergence Tourism Contents Society 9, n.º 3 (31 de diciembre de 2023): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22556/jctc.2023.9.3.51.
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Purpose This study was intended to empirically verify the effect of tourism resource commentary on traveler satisfaction, place attachment and loyalty. The subjects of the empirical study were elderly tourists who accompanied a tour guide to Rome, Italy, which has many historical sites. In previous studies, empirical studies were conducted without considering the age of the survey respondents, but in this study, empirical studies were conducted targeting the elderly who had relatively difficulty understanding the explanations.
Methods For empirical research, a survey was conducted on elderly tourists who visited Rome, and a total of 263 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis.
Results As a result of factor analysis, the tour guide's commentary was composed of interest, conveyance, professionalism, and education, and traveler satisfaction, place attachment, and loyalty were classified as a single dimension. As a result of the regression analysis, it was found that the interest and conveyance of the tour guide's commentary on historical relics had a significant effect on both tourist satisfaction and place attachment, and education had a significant effect only on place attachment. It was studied that there was no significant effect on both traveler satisfaction and place attachment.
Conclusion In the end, it was studied that the tour guide's commentary on historical relics can increase the satisfaction and place attachment of travelers, increasing revisit, word of mouth, and recommendation intention.
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Bernardo, Marcello y Francesco De Pascale. "A Study on Memory Sites Perception in Primary School for Promoting the Urban Sustainability Education: A Learning Module in Calabria (Southern Italy)". Sustainability 11, n.º 22 (13 de noviembre de 2019): 6379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226379.
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This paper constitutes a study on representations of Risorgimento sites of memory in Calabria (southern Italy), analyzing the development of the perceptive skills of primary school children through a learning module. The initial hypothesis wants to demonstrate that some factors identified by the geographer Antoine Bailly influence the perception of children in relation to the single research topics that concern: The possibility to reach and to easily access memory sites and any barriers or difficulties encountered; the aesthetic and functional judgment and the most popular aspects of the sites of memory; the orientation skills during the journey from the school to the site of memory; the elaboration of a mental map. The learning module titled “The mental representation of the sites of memory of the Risorgimento” was carried out in the primary schools of three provincial capitals of Calabria (southern Italy): Catanzaro, Cosenza, and Crotone. Children in the direct and indirect observation of the geo-historic pathway of the Risorgimento sites of memory in Calabria show that they fit well in the role of young geographers and investigators of the surrounding reality. Finally, this contribution aims to highlight the important relationship between the geography of perception and education for sustainability in schools starting from the sustainable development goals (SDGs).
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Barazzetti, L., D. Mezzino y M. Santana Quintero. "DIGITAL WORKFLOW FOR THE CONSERVATION OF BAHRAIN BUILT HERITAGE: THE SHEIK ISA BIN ALI HOUSE". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (18 de agosto de 2017): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-65-2017.
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Currently, the commercial market offers several tools for digital documentation of historic sites and buildings. Photogrammetry and laser scanning play a fundamental role in the acquisition of metric information, which is then processed to generate reliable records particularly useful also in the built heritage conservation field. Although potentially very fast and accurate, such techniques require expert operators to produce reliable results, especially in the case of complex and large sites.<br><br> The aim of this paper is to present the digital workflow developed for data acquisition and processing of the Shaikh Isa Bin Ali house in Muharraq, Bahrain. This historic structure is an outstanding example of Bahrain architecture as well as tangible memory of the country history, with strong connotations in the Bahrain cultural identity. The building has been documented employing several digital techniques, including: aerial (drone) and terrestrial photogrammetry, rectifying photography, total station and laser scanning. The documentation project has been developed for the Bahrain Authority for Culture and Antiquities (BACA) by a multidisciplinary team of experts from Carleton Immersive Media Studio (CIMS, Carleton University, Canada) and Gicarus Lab (Politecnico di Milano, Italy).
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Maffei, Luigi, Massimiliano Masullo, Chiara Bartalucci, Arnaldo Melloni y Raffaella Bellomini. "Pockets of quiet characterization in the historical center of Florence (Italy)". Noise Mapping 9, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 249–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/noise-2022-0162.
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Abstract Due to the difficulty of accessing quiet urban areas as defined by the EU Directive 2002/49/EC and of designing new ones, especially in the historical centers, it becomes more and more important to recognize pockets of quiet which can provide visitors with time for their physical and mental restoration. To this aim, an investigation methodology has been developed in previous studies conducted in Naples (Italy), Istanbul (Turkey) and Murcia (Spain) focused on finding and characterization of alternative quiet spaces which could offer opportunities to rest from the surrounding noise, which highlighted the role of non-auditory aspects on the restorativeness of urban spaces, such as green and water elements, or of historic and cultural value. This methodology which includes objective and subjective assessment has been used to characterize and illustrate the potentialities of the existing and potential spaces for restoration within the ancient center of the city of Florence (Italy). Concerning acoustic measurements, the “quietness” is confirmed by the fact that the differences between the sound levels (LAeq) of the surrounding areas and those within selected sites is greater than 9 dB; while the outcomes of the survey confirm the expectations especially concerning the importance and relevance, the cultural value, the historical-artistic elements, the perceived sense of being away and the distinction with the external acoustic environment.
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Collier, W. O. "The Villa of Cardinal Alessandro Albani, Hon.F.S.A." Antiquaries Journal 67, n.º 2 (septiembre de 1987): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500025440.
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Cardinal Alessandro Albani was probably the most renowned collector of antiquities in eighteenth century Italy. His Roman villa, planned to display them, was built at various dates here discussed in the light of Albani's antedecents, upbringing and career as diplomatist, antiquary and amateur architect. The stylistic origins of the villa are considered together with its influence on later architects, notably Percier and Fontaine and the brothers Adam. Excerpts are given from the course of visits to Roman sites by the cicerone James Byres which illustrate the climate of informed opinion on architecture in late eighteenth-century Rome, where the works of the Cardinal's painter Mengs and librarian Winckelmann were receiving wide acclaim.
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Hung, Carla. "Sanctuary Squats". Radical History Review 2019, n.º 135 (1 de octubre de 2019): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-7607872.
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Abstract This article details the political contestations of refugee occupiers after they were violently evicted from their home, colloquially called Piazza Indipendenza. Participant observation as a friend of the Eritrean refugees who occupied Piazza Indipendenza during the time of their eviction brought to light the way refugee occupiers both demand rights to subsidized housing and care for each other. Refugees confront the discriminatory distribution of integration resources in Italy by establishing autonomous structures, like housing occupations of abandoned buildings, to both approximate their entitlement to subsidized housing and assert their rights. For many Eritrean refugee occupiers in Rome, it is the Habesha community itself that provides the most reliable form of care, shelter, and protection, such that migrant-occupied housing projects (squats) act as sites of sanctuary. Sanctuary squats act as shelters from which to contest repressive governmental policies.
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Lami, Isabella M., Elena Todella y Enrica Prataviera. "A Replicable Valorisation Model for the Adaptive Reuse of Rationalist Architecture". Land 12, n.º 4 (5 de abril de 2023): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040836.
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Adaptive reuse has progressively become a useful approach for generating new values concerning abandoned or underused buildings, sites, and areas to the extent that the topic is no longer conceived and perceived merely as a “bricks-and-mortar” issue. Instead, it has a dual nature: (i) one that is technical, linked to the difficult balance between low costs and fostering sustainable building solutions, and (ii) one that is social, which refers to social equity, well-being, and quality of life. Within this context, urban and architectural transformations are among those human activities that play a key role in shaping the territory in an increasingly invasive acceleration of urbanization processes. However, it is precisely here that adaptive reuse can counteract such alterations. This paper proposes a sustainable, economically feasible, and replicable valorisation model for the evaluation of adaptive reuse possibilities of a particular historical–architectural heritage, which is vast and widespread in Italy and an important example of Rationalist architecture. Such a model incorporates flexible and easily replicable spatial implications precisely because it is specifically related to the characteristics of an open-plan structure. In doing so, it aims to redefine the valorisation model based on a constant dialogue between the project and market analysis; the replicability of project strategies for “families” of historic buildings; and the need for the project’s ability to change and adapt according to emerging requirements.
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De Medici, Stefania, Pasquale De Toro y Francesca Nocca. "Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Development: Impact Assessment of Two Adaptive Reuse Projects in Siracusa, Sicily". Sustainability 12, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010311.
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In this period of increasing urbanization, cultural heritage can play a key role to achieve sustainable development, as widely recognized by international institutions (i.e., United Nations (UN), UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)). In this perspective, it is necessary to operationalize the principles stated at international level and thus new approaches and tools are required. The paper aims to understand the relationships between the implementation of adaptive reuse projects and their success (or not) in terms of impacts on the buildings themselves and on the urban context. The assessment framework for evaluating the impacts of heritage conservation and rehabilitation projects is described through the analysis and comparison of two Italian case studies: the Ancient Market and the Basilica of St. Peter the Apostle, in Siracusa (Italy). Although realized both in the same place (Ortigia, the historic centre of Siracusa), during the same period and by the same architect, these two interventions have produced different results in terms of urban development. A set of indicators, deduced from recent scientific studies, has been used to analyse the different impacts on physical, cultural, social, environmental and economic systems. To understand in depth the causes of these two different results, a survey has been carried out involving experts. The proposed indicators used for the ex-post evaluation can be also adopted in other contexts and for ex ante evaluation, in order to orient the strategic design choices in cultural heritage adaptive reuse projects.
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Cerreta, Maria, Alessia Elefante y Ludovica La Rocca. "A Creative Living Lab for the Adaptive Reuse of the Morticelli Church: The SSMOLL Project". Sustainability 12, n.º 24 (17 de diciembre de 2020): 10561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410561.
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The international debate on the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage sites consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals has become increasingly important in the implementation of circular economy models for urban policies. The new values that characterize cultural assets, considered the result of a collaborative process, can enhance both manufactured and human capital, and provide the basis for a system of relationships that binds them. Furthermore, the values of historical artistic assets produced by community-based regeneration processes are particularly relevant when they characterize abandoned commons and cult buildings, to which communities attribute an identity and symbolic value. Starting from the definition of the concept of complex social value, we propose a methodological process that combines approaches and techniques typical of deliberative evaluations and collaborative decision-making processes. The aim is to identify the complex value chains generated by adaptive reuse, in which intrinsic values can play a driving role in the regeneration strategies of discarded cultural heritage. The experimentation, tested with the project “San Sebastiano del Monte dei Morti Living Lab” (SSMOLL), activates a creative and cultural Living Lab in the former Morticelli church, in the historic center of Salerno, in southern Italy. The reuse project is part of a more comprehensive process of social innovation and culture-led urban regeneration triggered in Salerno starting from SSMOLL. The partial results of the process show how a co-exploration phase has characterized the cultural characteristic of the living lab and how the co-evaluation of the individual activities orient the possible reuse scenarios. Finally, the results provide a first analysis of the relationship types activated.
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Heui-Doo Park. "Geographic Understanding of Historic Tour sites in Italy". Journal of the Association of Korean Photo-Geographers 23, n.º 2 (junio de 2013): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35149/jakpg.2013.23.2.004.
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Colavitti, Anna Maria y Alessia Usai. "Partnership building strategy in place branding as a tool to improve cultural heritage district’s design. The experience of UNESCO’s mining heritage district in Sardinia, Italy". Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 5, n.º 2 (17 de agosto de 2015): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-02-2014-0007.
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Purpose – Literature on cultural districts has repeatedly pointed out the role of place branding as a tool to upgrade the image of urban environment as an indicator of meaning and significance. Throughout the case of UNESCO’s mining heritage district in Sardinia (Italy), the purpose of this paper is to investigate on the role that Place Branding Organizations (PBOs) has and/or may have in the construction of coherent images for landscape and cultural heritage in the design of “sustainable” cultural districts in connection with local authorities’ agenda. At this purpose, the authors propose an operative definition of “partnership building strategy” and a new analytic framework to evaluate PBO’s activity within place branding theory. Design/methodology/approach – Considering what recently expressed by UNESCO about the integration between spatial and cultural planning, the authors focus the research on cultural heritage districts protected by this organization. Starting from the definition of strategy proposed by Anholt (2011) and the participation-based approach outlined by Hankinson (2010), the authors propose a new analytic framework to evaluate PBO’s activity and the authors try to apply it to the experience of mining heritage in Sardinia (Italy), comparing the activity of local PBOs (the Consortium for the UNESCO’s Sardinian Geo-mining Park and the Local Tourism System) with the Development Plan of the Carbonia-Iglesias Province. In the final part of the work, the authors discuss the outcomes of the comparative analysis in terms of partnership building strategy and its influence on cultural heritage district design. Findings – The experience of the Sardinia district proves that partnership building strategy has a relevant role both in place branding and cultural heritage district design but it is not sufficient to make this letter really functioning. It confirms also that a place brand can survive to political regime changes on a periodic basis only if the PBO establishes an appropriate institutional framework for the creation of a cooperative network that can take the branding process forward. The research finding about place branding of UNESCO’s mining heritage sites, outline the demand for a new and more integrated approach in the district design, inspired to the geographic studies on “cultural basin.” Research limitations/implications – The analytical framework which the authors provide on the basis of a new operative definition of partnership strategy building, has proved to be a useful tool to assess PBO’s activity but, despite this, it represents only a partial result because the theoretical model of the relationships between PBOs, local and supra-local actors requires further developments to describe the effective type and nature of this links. Practical implications – The research finding about place branding of UNESCO’s mining heritage sites, outline the demand for a new and more integrated approach in the district design, inspired to the geographic studies on “cultural basin.” To achieve a real sustainable development and a shared enhancement of identity and landscape, the authors propose as a possible solution the abandonment of administrative boundaries in cultural planning through a correspondence between cultural district and historic region, this latter defined according to the methods and tools developed by the geographical sciences for the “cultural basin.” At this scope the authors propose a new methodological framework which takes the participation-based place branding into the “cultural heritage chain” for the district design, setting a future research agenda. Originality/value – The authors propose an operative definition of “partnership building strategy” for the participation-based approach outlined by Hankinson (2010) and, on this base, the authors test a new analytic framework to evaluate PBOs’ activity which combines the traditional activities of promotion and marketing with PBOs’ partnership strategies. Finally, the authors propose a methodological frame which brings the participation-based place branding into the “cultural heritage chain” setting a future research agenda in cultural heritage district’s design.
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Coniglio, Paolo Cesare. "The Legal Status of the Church of England in Italy". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 17, n.º 1 (11 de diciembre de 2014): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x1400091x.
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In a historic move, the Church of England has achieved legal recognition in Italy. Legal status was declared by a presidential decree signed by the President of the Italian Republic, Giorgio Napolitano, in July 2014. This recognises the Church of England as a denomination and a ‘properly organised and authorised’ religion in Italy. The decree gives legal status to the association Chiesa d'Inghilterra (Church of England), which represents the Church of England in Italy, and accepts its statutes. The registered address of the Chiesa d'Inghilterra is in the centre of Rome.
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Tertulliani, Andrea, Laura Graziani y Alessandro Esposito. "How Historical Seismology Can Benefit from Bureaucracy: The Case of the “Lettere Patenti” in the City of Rome in 1703". Seismological Research Letters 91, n.º 5 (13 de mayo de 2020): 2511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200046.
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Abstract The 1703 Mw 6.9 seismic sequence (I0 11 Mercalli–Cancani–Sieberg scale) was one of the most important crises ever occurred in Italy and has left a deep mark on the seismic history of cities and towns of central Italy. Abundant documents testify the damage suffered by the city of Rome during this sequence; however, the descriptions are mainly referred to monumental buildings. For the recent macroseismic practice, such edifices are not statistically representative when used for assessing macroseismic intensity; instead, the information about residential housing provides reliable data especially when using the European Macroseismic Scale 1998. In this work, we show that useful information regarding the ordinary residential stock can be retrieved in the bureaucratic documentation, apparently distant from the repertoires traditionally used for historical seismology studies. In particular, we used administrative acts granted by the government of Rome to authorize maintenance works on the external parts of the buildings, namely the “Lettere Patenti.” The scrutiny of these sources allowed us to enrich the available dataset introducing 93 new damage points found on civil building stock spread in the historic center of Rome. The new dataset contributes to better define the picture of the effects of the 1703 seismic sequence in Rome, which allowed us to assess macroseismic intensity with more confidence.
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Athanasiadou. "Historic Gardens and Parks Worldwide and in Greece: Principles of Acknowledgement, Conservation, Restoration and Management". Heritage 2, n.º 4 (20 de septiembre de 2019): 2678–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage2040165.
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The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Florence Charter 1981 on Historic Gardens sets the first guidelines for the definition of a historic garden, in which sites such as large parks, whether formal or landscape, are included. Since then, there is a continuous effort worldwide on issues of historic garden acknowledgement, conservation, restoration and management. Countries with garden and park tradition, such as the U.K., USA, France and others, have several sites registered and protected. Furthermore, historic garden and park associations exist in Italy, Spain and Portugal, among other nations. In Greece, there is no specific official policy or association regarding historic parks, gardens or landscapes. Greek law includes historic gardens and parks within the spectrum of works of art, places of outstanding natural beauty and historic places/lands for partial or absolute protection, and, thus, attempts in identifying historic landscapes fall generally in other categories, but law specified for historic gardens. However, in both the Greek ratification of the European Landscape Convention and the European Biodiversity directives, there are aspects one could interpret as very useful for the acknowledgement and policy-making on historic gardens and parks. In this paper, an overview on historic gardens and parks abroad and in Greece is attempted, along with aspects of acknowledgement, protection, conservation, restoration and management. Finally, a first attempt on methodological outlines for the acknowledgement and conservation of historic gardens and parks in Greece is presented.
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Salvati, Luca, Ilaria Zambon, Giuseppe Pignatti, Andrea Colantoni, Sirio Cividino, Luigi Perini, Giorgio Pontuale y Massimo Cecchini. "A Time-Series Analysis of Climate Variability in Urban and Agricultural Sites (Rome, Italy)". Agriculture 9, n.º 5 (8 de mayo de 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9050103.
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Identifying early signals of climate change and latent patterns of meteorological variability requires tools analyzing time series data and multidimensional measures. By focusing on air temperature and precipitation, the present study compares local-scale climate regimes at two sites in Central Italy (urban Rome and a peri-urban cropland 10 km west of Rome), using descriptive and inferential statistics on both variables and a drought index (the Standardized Precipitation Index, hereafter SPI) recorded over the last 60 years (1958–2017). The present work assumes the importance of urban-rural gradients shaping local-scale climate regimes and spatial variability, with differential impacts on individual variables depending on territorial background and intrinsic biophysical characteristics. Considering together precipitations and minimum/maximum air temperature at month and year scale, the analysis developed here illustrates two coexisting climatic trends at distinctive spatial scales: A general trend toward warming—specifically influencing temperature regimes—and a more specific pattern evidencing changes in local-scale climate regime along the urban gradient, with a more subtle impact on both precipitations and temperatures. Empirical results indicate that climate variability increased over the study period, outlining the low predictability of dry spells typical of Mediterranean climate especially in the drier season (spring/summer). On average, absolute annual differences between the two sites amounted to 70 mm (more rainfall in the peri-urban site) and 0.9 °C (higher temperature in the urban site). A similar trend toward warming was observed for air temperature in both sites. No significant trends were observed for annual and seasonal rainfalls. SPI long-term trends indicate high variability in dry spells, with more frequent (and severe) drought episodes in urban Rome. Considering together trends in temperature and precipitation, the ‘urban heat’ effect was more evident, indicating a clearer trend toward climate aridity in urban Rome. These findings support the adoption of integrated strategies for climate change adaptation and mitigation in both agricultural systems and relict natural ecosystems surrounding urban areas.
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Daniela, Guglietta, Serena Carloni, Mario Voltaggio y Giuseppe Antonino Di Lisa. "PRE-ANTHROPIC AND PRESENT OUTDOOR GAMMA EQUIVALENT DOSE RATE OF THE HISTORIC CENTER OF ROME (ITALY)". Radiation Protection Dosimetry 187, n.º 4 (7 de noviembre de 2019): 518–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz247.
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Abstract The outdoor gamma background of the historic center of Rome was studied by in situ measurements and average values of the outcropping geological formations. The survey resulted in two maps of dose equivalent rate, related to pre-anthropic and present conditions. Presently, the average of the dose equivalent rate from outdoor gamma-ray field is equal to 0.31 μSv h−1, corresponding to an outdoor annual effective dose equivalent of 0.548 mSv a−1 and to an outdoor excess lifetime cancer risk [International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Recommendations of the ICRP, 21, 1/3, Publication 60, 1990] of 2.56 × 10−3. The originary radioactivity was enhanced by anthropic action up to a level of health risk comparable to that one deriving by fine particulate matter. The assessment of the evolution and dispersion of the outdoor gamma background offers a new perspective to study the urban architectural evolution. Such a mapping allows us to individuate mitigation actions and neighborhoods in which the monitoring of illicit trafficking of radioactive material can be efficiently tested.
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Bassani, Cristiana, Francesca Vichi, Giulio Esposito, Mauro Montagnoli, Marco Giusto y Antonietta Ianniello. "Nitrogen dioxide reductions from satellite and surface observations during COVID-19 mitigation in Rome (Italy)". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, n.º 18 (12 de enero de 2021): 22981–3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12141-9.
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AbstractLockdown restrictions were implemented in Italy from 10 March 2020 to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aims to evaluate air pollution changes, with focus on nitrogen dioxide (NO2), before and during the lockdown in Rome and in the surroundings. Significant NO2 declines were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic with reductions of − 50%, − 34%, and − 20% at urban traffic, urban background, and rural background stations, respectively. Tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (VCD) from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) was used to evaluate the spatial-temporal variations of the NO2 before and during the lockdown for the entire area where the surface stations are located. The evaluation is concerned with the pixels including one or more air quality stations to explore the capability of the unprecedented high spatial resolution to monitor urban and rural sites from space with relation to the surface measurements. Good agreement between surface concentration and TROPOMI VCD was obtained in Rome (R = 0.64 in 2019, R = 0.77 in 2020) and in rural sites (R = 0.71 in 2019). Inversely, a slight correlation (R = 0.20) was observed in rural areas during the lockdown due to very low levels of NO2. Finally, the TROPOMI VCD showed a sharp decline in NO2, larger in urban (− 43%) than in rural sites (− 17%) as retrieved with the concurrent surface measurements averaging all the traffic and urban background (− 44%) and all the rural background stations (− 20%). These results suggest air pollution improvement in Rome gained from implementing lockdown restrictions.
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MacGalloway, Niall. "The French fleet and the Italian occupation of France, 1940–1942". International Journal of Maritime History 30, n.º 1 (febrero de 2018): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871417746892.
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The scuttling of the French fleet in November 1942 brought an abrupt end to a political tug of war which had been ongoing since the Italian occupation of France began in 1940. The seizure of the French fleet had been explicitly forbidden by the Italo–French armistice, which represented the cornerstone of all Italo–French diplomatic transactions. This research note seeks to demonstrate the role played by the French fleet and its use as a political pawn by both sides to change the existing political structures. For France, the overhaul of the Italo–French armistice would offer greater political power and status, whilst for Italy a more encompassing agreement would allow greater exploitation of France both in a political and an economic sense. This research note argues that the status of the French fleet represented a crucial and often overlooked aspect of this struggle.
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VAN MARREWIJK, DRÉ. "Stedelijk werelderfgoed en de Historic Urban Landscape-benadering in Nederland". Tijdschrift voor Historische Geografie 4, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 2019): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/thg2019.3.002.marr.
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Urban World Heritage and the Historic Urban Landscape approach in the Netherlands Within the category of cultural landscapes on the UNESCO World Heritage List the ‘continuing urban landscapes’ are a small but interesting group of sites. This group consists of urban and suburban areas (‘urban landscapes’) with outstanding historical and heritage values, while at the same time they are characterized by a high degree of spatial dynamics. Many developments take place that lead to change of the environment. Rio de Janeiro, the mining landscape of Nord-Pas de Calais and the Italian Amalfi coast near Naples are examples of these urban cultural landscapes on the World Heritage List. Next to these sites, there are urban World Heritage sites that formally are no cultural landscapes, but have similar characteristics. Historical city centers of Rome or Bruges, the Amsterdam canal ring or Speicherstadt in Hamburg are comparably stretched out and have comparable values. These sites are confronted with similar challenges with respect to conservation and management of change. The obligation to preserve the outstanding universal value of the site could become under pressure. This surely is the case in some urban and suburban World Heritage sites in the Kingdom of the Netherlands: Amsterdam Canal Ring, Defence Line of Amsterdam and Willemstad, Curaçao. The World Heritage status requires a strict management of the site. UNESCO’S Historic Urban Landscape approach can be helpful to make preservation and development compatible. In this article the opportunities and dilemmas of the HUL and ICOMOS’S role in it are discussed. A stronger emphasize on HUL when reviewing developments in urban World Heritage sites is advocated.
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Barone, Pier Matteo, Carlotta Ferrara y Elena Pettinelli. "How could Archeo-Geophysics help garbage disposal? A fortuitous discovery in Central Italy". Antiqua 2, n.º 1 (8 de agosto de 2012): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/antiqua.2012.e3.
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We present a non-destructive geophysical technique (Ground Penetrating Radar) as a suitable method for both the detection of buried archeological structures, as is already known, and as an aid to local administrators in the planning of potential waste management sites (e.g., landfills or incinerators). This can prevent the potential destruction of important archeological sites. The discovery of a subsurface archeological target a few dozen kilometers northeast of Rome, near the proposed site for the construction of a waste-to-energy incinerator, should cause local administrations to reconsider their plans for construction at this site.
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Miriello, Domenico, Fabrizio Antonelli, Andrea Bloise, Monica Ceci, Stefano Columbu, Raffaella De Luca, Marco Lezzerini, Alessandra Pecci, Bina Sara Mollo y Paolo Brocato. "Archaeometric Approach for Studying Architectural Earthenwares from the Archaeological Site of S. Omobono (Rome-Italy)". Minerals 9, n.º 5 (30 de abril de 2019): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9050266.
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This paper reports the findings of an archaeometric study performed on 14 architectural earthenwares from the archaeological site of S. Omobono, located in the historic center of Rome (Italy). The archaeological site, accidentally discovered in 1937, includes the remains of a sacred area previously occupied by two temples, one of which was converted into the church of S. Omobono, in 1575. The samples, dated between the 7th and the 6th century BC, belong to different sectors of the site. Their petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical characterization was performed by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The compositional data obtained were also subjected to the principal component analysis (PCA) in order to highlight similarities and differences among the samples. By combining geochemical and petrographic data, we were able to identify several different fabrics. Furthermore, the study provided valuable information on the firing temperatures of some samples and the provenance of the raw materials, by analyzing the chemical composition of clinopyroxenes present as non-plastic inclusions.
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Njølstad, Olav. "The Carter Administration and Italy: Keeping the Communists Out of Power Without Interfering". Journal of Cold War Studies 4, n.º 3 (julio de 2002): 56–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152039702320201076.
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From the late 1940s on, the United States did its best to prevent the Italian Communist Party (PCI)from gaining a role in the Italian government. When Jimmy Carter took office in Washington in 1977, the PCI once again was maneuvering for a share of power in Rome. Some observers in Italy speculated that the new U.S. administration would be less averse than its predecessors had been to the prospect of Communist participation in the Italian government. The Carter administration's initial statements and actions created further ambiguity and may have emboldened some senior PCI officials to step up their efforts to gain at least a share of power. Faced with the prospect that Communists would be invited into a coalition government in Italy, the Carter administration dropped its earlier caution and spoke out unequivocally against a “historic compromise” involving the PCI. Although it is difficult to say whether the more forceful U.S. stance made a decisive difference, the ruling Christian Democrats in Italy were able to keep the Communist Party out of the government.
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Cantatore, E., M. Lasorella y F. Fatiguso. "VIRTUAL REALITY TO SUPPORT TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE. THE CASE STUDY OF CRYPTOPORTICUS IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE OF EGNATIA (ITALY)". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (24 de julio de 2020): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-465-2020.
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Abstract. Digitalization and interactivity of reality in Augmented and Virtual Environments represent the synergic union between current technology potentialities and smartness of users in going beyond the traditional perception of real environment. As it is well-known, touristic bodies already taken advantages of Virtual Environments as cultural and touristic promotion of historic and archaeological sites. However, the analysis of potentialities in supporting technical community and professionals are still underway. Starting from the survey of instruments and protocols in previous experiences, the work presents a methodological flow aimed to create a virtual environment using 360° images – Virtual Tour – where the first phase of technical knowledge in historic sites can be resumed. In detail, a double level of knowledge can be reached: firstly, a virtual environment containing information about the actual state of conservation, then an upgraded one with historic and technical information (e.g. reports, images, surveys, etc.) added in an interactive as well intuitive way. The protocol has been applied to the undergrounded Cryptoporticus of Egnatia, an archaeological site in Apulia Region (Italy).
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Burdett, Charles. "Journeys to the other spaces of Fascist Italy". Modern Italy 5, n.º 1 (mayo de 2000): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940050003014.
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SummaryIn the essay, ‘Of Other Spaces’, Michel Foucault contends that every society constructs sites which can be defined as effectively enacted utopias (heterotopias), sites where social policies are articulated and where ideals of social ordering are physically performed. The article examines how a number of places in Fascist Italy, which conformed entirely to the principles of the heterotopia that Foucault sets out, were perceived by a selection of prominent writers and journalists. It examines the recorded journeys to the cemeteries of the First World War, to various renovated prisons within Italy and finally to the new towns south of Rome. It explores the kind of mental and physical sensations which the different writers evoked as well as examining the ways in which their written accounts of their imaginative experiences interacted with the myths of identity and social control which were central to Fascist ideology.
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Giuliani, Francesca, Anna De Falco, Valerio Cutini y Michele Di Sivo. "A simplified methodology for risk analysis of historic centers: the world heritage site of San Gimignano, Italy". International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 12, n.º 3 (11 de febrero de 2021): 336–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-04-2020-0029.
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Purpose Worldwide, natural hazards are affecting urban cultural heritage and World Heritage Sites, exacerbating other environmental and human-induced threats deriving from deterioration, uncontrolled urbanization and unsustainable tourism. This paper aims to develop a disaster risk analysis in Italian historic centers because they are complex large-scale systems that are cultural and economic resources for the country, as well as fragile areas. Design/methodology/approach A heritage-oriented qualitative methodology for risk assessment is proposed based upon the formalization of risk as a function of hazard, vulnerability and exposure, taking into account the values of cultural heritage assets. Findings This work provides a contribution to the body of knowledge in the Italian context of disaster risk mitigation on World Heritage Sites, opening for further research on the monitoring and maintenance of the tangible heritage assets. The application to the site of San Gimignano proves the effectiveness of the methodology for proposing preventive measures and actions that ensure the preservation of cultural values and a safer built environment. Originality/value The application of a value-based simplified approach to risk analysis is a novelty for historic centers that are listed as World Heritage Sites.
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Mangano, Stefania y Gian Marco Ugolini. "New Opportunities for Cruise Tourism: The Case of Italian Historic Towns". Sustainability 12, n.º 11 (5 de junio de 2020): 4616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114616.
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The cruise industry has grown worldwide in the last decades and, today, it is often associated with high levels of pollution and overtourism. This is especially true of areas where tourism cruises are a long-established sector, such as the Mediterranean and Italy in particular, where there is growing concern of the consequences of excessive pressure on popular tourist destinations. To reduce such side effects, it is necessary to develop new and sustainable tourism management policies. Our study explores the potential of the diversification of shore excursions offered by cruise lines to relieve pressure on popular destinations. As a case study, we focus on a subset of Italian villages that have received quality certifications (Bandiere arancioni and/or Borghi più belli d’Italia) because of their artistic, historical, cultural, and aesthetic values. Thanks to their proximity to major Italian ports, these villages offer opportunities for shore excursions alternative to some classic and very popular destinations such as Rome, Venice, Pisa, and Florence. The benefits of shore excursions to peripheral destinations are particularly relevant when visits include overnights.
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Ceschin, S., F. Bartoli, G. Salerno, V. Zuccarello y G. Caneva. "Natural habitats of typical plants growing on ruins of Roman archaeological sites (Rome, Italy)". Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 150, n.º 5 (16 de diciembre de 2014): 866–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2014.990536.
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Boboc, Răzvan, Mihai Duguleană, Gheorghe-Daniel Voinea, Cristian-Cezar Postelnicu, Dorin-Mircea Popovici y Marcello Carrozzino. "Mobile Augmented Reality for Cultural Heritage: Following the Footsteps of Ovid among Different Locations in Europe". Sustainability 11, n.º 4 (22 de febrero de 2019): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041167.
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There are many examples of cultural events that distinguish people nationally. Celebrating this can bring people closer, as inhabitants of different countries share similar cultural values. This study investigates a sustainable way to enhance these types of events. On the occasion of the 2000-year anniversary of the death of the Roman poet Ovid, we propose a mobile augmented reality (MAR) application that contains historical information related to his life. As Ovid often stated in his last poems, he feared his work would be forgotten after his exile from Rome. This paper focuses on assessing whether this is the case, while also disseminating factual, historic data to people who tested the application. Experiments were conducted in Italy and Romania, in three different cities: Sulmona, Rome, and Constanta. Based on the results collected, four constructs were investigated: comprehensibility, manipulability, enjoyment, and usefulness. The results revealed that the usability of the MAR application, and the interaction metaphor, are appropriate for the general public. The MAR application provided a positive experience, and thus, increased the extent of the occasion.
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Dionisi, D., A. M. Iannarelli, A. Scoccione, G. L. Liberti, M. Cacciani, S. Argentini, L. Baldini et al. "Water vapor and aerosol lidar measurements within an atmospheric instrumental super site to study the aerosols and the tropospheric trace gases in rome". EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 05050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817605050.
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A joint instrumental Super Site, combining observation in urban (“Sapienza” University) and semi-rural (ESA-ESRIN and CNR-ISAC) environment, for atmospheric studies and satellites Cal/Val activities, has been set-up in the Rome area (Italy). Ground based active and passive remote sensing instruments located in both sites are operating in synergy, offering information for a wide range of atmospheric parameters. In this work, a comparison of aerosol and water vapor measurements derived by the Rayleigh-Mie-Raman (RMR) lidars, operating simultaneously in both experimental sites, is presented.
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Podestà, S., F. Romis y L. Scandolo. "CONSOLIDATION AND RESTORATION OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE: THE FLAVIAN AMPHITHEATER IN ROME". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (24 de julio de 2020): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-543-2020.
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Abstract. The recovery and retrofitting techniques adopted for historical structures and archaeological sites face an apparent dichotomy between conservation of constructions and the safety of users. Literatures show several examples where the current day structural safety of historical constructions, gets defined by the nature of past interventions, the compatibility of materials and elements used in retrofitting. The adopted interventions were, in their time, considered innovative, but over the years their compatibility and reversibility leave the historic constructions structurally vulnerable. For these reasons, a careful understanding of the structural systems is fundamental for the implementation of appropriate retrofitting solutions. Especially for monuments and Archaeological sites the objective to be achieved has to be clear, avoiding destructive investigation tests. In this work the instabilities caused by a consolidation intervention on some travertine columns in a sector of the Flavian Amphitheatre, better known as “Colosseum” in Rome, are critically analysed. The current consolidation operations are compared to the previous one. The restoration activity involves in-depth diagnosis process: the historical analysis of the failures and restorations of that area of the Colosseum, a survey of the crack pattern and an indirect investigation on the travertine of the columns. Subsequently the various data coming from the knowledge phase are elaborated, in order to have a correct interpretation of the causes triggering the failure and guide the choice of the most correct retrofitting techniques.
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Struckmeier, Caroline, Frank Drewnick, Friederike Fachinger, Gian Paolo Gobbi y Stephan Borrmann. "Atmospheric aerosols in Rome, Italy: sources, dynamics and spatial variations during two seasons". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, n.º 23 (9 de diciembre de 2016): 15277–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15277-2016.
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Abstract. Investigations on atmospheric aerosols and their sources were carried out in October/November 2013 and May/June 2014 consecutively in a suburban area of Rome (Tor Vergata) and in central Rome (near St Peter's Basilica). During both years a Saharan dust advection event temporarily increased PM10 concentrations at ground level by about 12–17 µg m−3. Generally, in October/November the ambient aerosol was more strongly influenced by primary emissions, whereas higher relative contributions of secondary particles (sulfate, aged organic aerosol) were found in May/June. Absolute concentrations of anthropogenic emission tracers (e.g. NOx, CO2, particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, traffic-related organic aerosol) were generally higher at the urban location. Positive matrix factorization was applied to the PM1 organic aerosol (OA) fraction of aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) data to identify different sources of primary OA (POA): traffic, cooking, biomass burning and (local) cigarette smoking. While biomass burning OA was only found at the suburban site, where it accounted for the major fraction of POA (18–24 % of total OA), traffic and cooking were more dominant sources at the urban site. A particle type associated with cigarette smoke emissions, which is associated with a potential characteristic marker peak (m∕z 84, C5H10N+, a nicotine fragment) in the mass spectrum, was only found in central Rome, where it was emitted in close vicinity to the measurement location. Regarding secondary OA, in October/November, only a very aged, regionally advected oxygenated OA was found, which contributed 42–53 % to the total OA. In May/June total oxygenated OA accounted for 56–76 % of the OA. Here a fraction (18–26 % of total OA) of a fresher, less oxygenated OA of more local origin was also observed. New particle formation events were identified from measured particle number concentrations and size distributions in May/June 2014 at both sites. While they were observed every day at the urban location, at the suburban location they were only found under favourable meteorological conditions, but were independent of advection of the Rome emission plume. Particles from sources in the metropolitan area of Rome and particles advected from outside Rome contributed 42–70 and 30–58 % to the total measured PM1, respectively. Apart from the general aerosol characteristics, in this study the properties (e.g. emission strength) and dynamics (e.g. temporal behaviour) of each identified aerosol type is investigated in detail to provide a better understanding of the observed seasonal and spatial differences.
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Marrocchino, Elena, Chiara Telloli y Carmela Vaccaro. "Geochemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Construction Materials from Historical Buildings of Ferrara (Italy)". Geosciences 11, n.º 1 (7 de enero de 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010031.
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This paper presents a chemical-mineralogical characterization of construction materials from medieval Renaissance buildings of Ferrara (NE Italy) to provide an insight into the nature and provenance of the raw materials used. Biagio Rossetti was an Italian architect and urbanist from the city of Ferrara. From 1483, he was the architect of the Duke of Ferrara Ercole I d’Este who in 1492 assigned him the project of enlarging the city of Ferrara. Biagio Rossetti is still famous because he designed and built many notable palaces and churches in Ferrara, e.g., the Palazzo Roverella, the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie and the renovation of the church of San Andrea. To date, only the first two historic buildings are still in use and consequently restored, while the church of San Andrea has been abandoned over the years and the remains have been subject to decay. Different kinds of samples (bricks, cotto, plaster and mortars) were collected from the three sampling sites and analyzed in X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffractometer to investigate the construction materials through the evaluation of their chemical composition, historic building activity and degradation degree. These investigations should provide knowledge useful for restoration and conservation processes.
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Marrocchino, Elena, Chiara Telloli y Carmela Vaccaro. "Geochemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Construction Materials from Historical Buildings of Ferrara (Italy)". Geosciences 11, n.º 1 (7 de enero de 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010031.
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This paper presents a chemical-mineralogical characterization of construction materials from medieval Renaissance buildings of Ferrara (NE Italy) to provide an insight into the nature and provenance of the raw materials used. Biagio Rossetti was an Italian architect and urbanist from the city of Ferrara. From 1483, he was the architect of the Duke of Ferrara Ercole I d’Este who in 1492 assigned him the project of enlarging the city of Ferrara. Biagio Rossetti is still famous because he designed and built many notable palaces and churches in Ferrara, e.g., the Palazzo Roverella, the monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie and the renovation of the church of San Andrea. To date, only the first two historic buildings are still in use and consequently restored, while the church of San Andrea has been abandoned over the years and the remains have been subject to decay. Different kinds of samples (bricks, cotto, plaster and mortars) were collected from the three sampling sites and analyzed in X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffractometer to investigate the construction materials through the evaluation of their chemical composition, historic building activity and degradation degree. These investigations should provide knowledge useful for restoration and conservation processes.
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Barazzetti, Luigi y Fabio Roncoroni. "Generation of a Multi-Scale Historic BIM-GIS with Digital Recording Tools and Geospatial Information". Heritage 4, n.º 4 (12 de octubre de 2021): 3331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040185.
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This paper discusses the creation of an integrated historic BIM-GIS for the complex of San Pietro al Monte, an important Romanesque monument in Civate (Italy) inscribed in the UNESCO tentative list with other seven medieval Benedictine settlements. The reason behind the choice of an integrated H-BIM-GIS solution is motivated by the large extension of the considered area (about 30 km2) and the need for multi-scale digital information integrated into a 3D parametric environment. The model includes geospatial information at a territorial scale and in situ digital data capturing the complex at a higher level of detail. The work aims at exploring the pros and cons of a novel parametric 3D environment able to integrate both BIM and GIS data, methods, and processing tools in the case of historic buildings and sites.
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Guarini, Maria Rosaria, Pierluigi Morano y Francesco Sica. "Historical School Buildings. A Multi-Criteria Approach for Urban Sustainable Projects". Sustainability 12, n.º 3 (3 de febrero de 2020): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031076.
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It is recognized, in Europe and elsewhere, that there is a need to implement sustainable urban intervention policies based also on the recovery of existing public real estate assets. In Italy, the schools are a significant part of public property. At this time (2019), many buildings destined for teaching need to be redeveloped, both from a structural and plant engineering point of view, and with regard to the management of the spaces available for teaching and social activities. Although, there have been many attempts by the legislator to regulate the modus operandi in the school construction field, it is clear that there is a lack of a unique regulatory system in which the technical and functional-managerial aspects relating to the same school are considered together. On this basis, with this study a multi-criteria evaluation protocol to support intervention planning for the redevelopment of existing school buildings is proposed. The study defines an evaluation framework with which we can establish the design priorities to be carried out in accordance with the building features and community needs. The evaluation framework is tested on a renewal project regarding a school building located in the historic center of Rome (Italy).
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Gracceva, Giulia, Marco Bologna, Luca Luiselli y Pierluigi Bombi. "Do demographic aspects of neighbouring lizard populations differ? A case study with the common wall lizard, Podarcis muralis". Amphibia-Reptilia 29, n.º 3 (2008): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853808785111959.
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Abstract Demographic and morphological aspects of two nearby subpopulations of the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) were studied, by a capture-mark-recapture procedure, at an archaeological site in the surroundings of Rome, central Italy. In both sites, the births peak was observed in September. Adult sex-ratio was skewed towards males in one subpopulation, but was close to equality in the other. Morphological characteristics were consistent in the two sites, with males always exhibiting larger snout-vent-length and head size. Population size and density, computed by a Jolly-Seber index applied by using POPAN model revealed differences between subpopulations, with lizard density being much higher in the site with higher habitat heterogeneity and shelter availability. Tail condition was similar between sites. The general implications of these data are discussed.
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Guglielmino, S. L., I. Ermolli, P. Romano, F. Zuccarello, F. Giorgi, M. Falco, R. Piazzesi et al. "Long-term optical monitoring of the solar atmosphere in Italy". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 13, S340 (febrero de 2018): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318001138.
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AbstractProbably, the long-term monitoring of the solar atmosphere started in Italy with the first telescopic observations of the Sun made by Galileo Galilei in the early 17th century. His recorded observations and science results, as well as the work carried out by other following outstanding Italian astronomers inspired the start of institutional programs of regular solar observations at the Arcetri, Catania, and Rome Observatories.These programs have accumulated daily images of the solar photosphere and chromosphere taken at various spectral bands over a time span larger than 80 years. In the last two decades, regular solar observations were continued with digital cameras only at the Catania and Rome Observatories, which are now part of the INAF National Institute for Astrophysics. At the two sites, daily solar images are taken at the photospheric G-band, Blue (λ = 409.4 nm), and Red (λ = 606.9 nm) continua spectral ranges and at the chromospheric Ca II K and Hα lines, with a 2″ spatial resolution.Solar observation in Italy, which benefits from over 2500 hours of yearly sunshine, currently aims at the operational monitoring of solar activity and long-term variability and at the continuation of the historical series as well. Existing instruments will be soon enriched by the SAMM double channel telescope equipped with magneto-optical filters that will enable the tomography of the solar atmosphere with simultaneous observations at the K I 769.9 nm and Na I D 589.0 nm lines. In this contribution, we present the available observations and outline their scientific relevance.
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Roche, Helen. "Mussolini’s ‘Third Rome’, Hitler’s Third Reich and the Allure of Antiquity: Classicizing Chronopolitics as a Remedy for Unstable National Identity?" Fascism 8, n.º 2 (17 de diciembre de 2019): 127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-00802004.
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Abstract While it is generally acknowledged that fascist movements tend to glorify the national past of the country in which they arise, sometimes, fascist regimes seek to resurrect a past even more ancient, and more glorious still; the turn towards ancient Greece and Rome. This phenomenon is particularly marked in the case of the two most powerful and indisputably ‘fascist’ regimes of all: Benito Mussolini’s Italy and Adolf Hitler’s Germany. The author suggests that this twin turn towards antiquity was no mere accident, but was rather motivated by certain commonalities in national experience. By placing these two fascist regimes alongside each other and considering their seduction by antique myths in tandem, it is argued that – without putting forward some kind of classicizing Sonderweg – we can better appreciate the historic rootedness of this particular form of ‘chronopolitics’ in a complex nexus of political and social causes, many of which lie far deeper than the traumatic events of the Great War and its aftermath.
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Gatto, Elisa, Riccardo Buccolieri, Leonardo Perronace y Jose Luis Santiago. "The Challenge in the Management of Historic Trees in Urban Environments during Climate Change: The Case of Corso Trieste (Rome, Italy)". Atmosphere 12, n.º 4 (15 de abril de 2021): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040500.
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This study carries out a quantitative analysis of the impact on microclimate (air temperature and thermal comfort) of a row of 165 historical Pinus pinea L. located in a central neighbourhood of Rome (Italy). The analysis starts from a qualitative general analysis on the stressful conditions leading to tree decline in the urban environment especially during extreme climate change phenomena. Subsequently, the effects of planting new types of trees are assessed using ENVI-met, a 3D prognostic non-hydrostatic model for the simulation of surface-plant-air interactions. Results, obtained by simulating three different scenarios in which the trees are first removed and then modified, show that a gradual renewal of the existing trees, based on priority criteria of maturity or senescence, vegetative and phytosanitary conditions, efficiency of ecosystem services and safety for citizens, has positive effects on thermal comfort. By integrating current results and scientific literature, the final aim of this work is to provide stakeholders with a strategic and systemic planning methodology, which, based on the innovative integrated use of tree management and modelling tools, may (i) enhance the benefits of greening in a scenario of climate change and (ii) lead to intervention strategies based on complementarity between conservation of existing trees and tree renewal.
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Cigna, Francesca, Rosa Lasaponara, Nicola Masini, Pietro Milillo y Deodato Tapete. "Persistent Scatterer Interferometry Processing of COSMO-SkyMed StripMap HIMAGE Time Series to Depict Deformation of the Historic Centre of Rome, Italy". Remote Sensing 6, n.º 12 (15 de diciembre de 2014): 12593–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs61212593.
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SAITO, Tetsuya, Akiko MIYAZAKI, Miki KORENAGA y Koji YAGI. "SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH LIGHTING DIRECTION AT THE TOURIST PLAZAS IN ROME : Study on effective utilization of the historic constructions in Italy". Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 72, n.º 613 (2007): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.72.39_1.
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Pace, Enzo. "The Catholic Charismatic Movement in Global Pentecostalism". Religions 11, n.º 7 (13 de julio de 2020): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11070351.
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This article deals with Catholic Charismatics in Italy. The brief description of the case study gives a chance to make some more general comments on what is happening under the sacred canopy of Global Catholicism where the Spirit blows, and furthermore in relation with so-called Global Pentecostalism. In other words, my working hypothesis includes the following statements: (a) Catholic Pentecostalism constitutes a variant of a more global phenomenon, which seems to challenge the organizational model of historic Christian churches. (b) The study of the Italian case is interesting because its story shows the extent to which Pentecostalism questions the Roman form of Catholicism. Elsewhere in the world, the development of the phenomenon has not encountered the same difficulties as it did in Italy. Indeed, in some cases (Brazil and the Philippines), it has been supported and accepted as a sign of new religious vitality. From this point of view, Rome is relatively far away. The Roman–Tridentine model governed by the clergy resists in Italy, while it appears weaker where the Spirit blows wherever it wants. The Charismatic movement was gradually brought back to the bed of ecclesial orthodoxy after a long persuasive work carried out by bishops and theologians towards the leaders of the movement itself. However, despite this ecclesification/clericalization process, the charismatic tension remains, and the expectation for a pneumatic church constitutes an implicit form of criticism of the Roman form of Catholicism.
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Ilkhanizadeh, Shiva, Mahmoud Golabi, Siamand Hesami y Husam Rjoub. "The Potential Use of Drones for Tourism in Crises: A Facility Location Analysis Perspective". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, n.º 10 (19 de octubre de 2020): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13100246.
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Considering the recent lockdowns and travel bans due to COVID-19, novel tourism strategies are necessary to face the increasing need for innovative products and services and to ensure long-term sustainable growth. This study looks into the potential use of drones in providing online virtual tours of open-space tourist attractions. To do so, a novel mixed-integer linear mathematical model is developed to optimally determine the number and location of required facilities and the number of drones assigned to each center. The model is applied to a case study of Rome by selecting six historic sites as the tourist attractions and considering several candidate locations for establishing the facilities. The results of different potential scenarios imply that the project is profitable, even if the demand for virtual tours is low.
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Tommasi, Paolo, Luca Verrucci y Tatiana Rotonda. "Mechanical properties of a weak pyroclastic rock and their relationship with microstructure". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, n.º 2 (febrero de 2015): 211–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0149.
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The geotechnical behaviour of very weak pyroclastic rocks controls both the failure mechanisms at the margins of rock mesas, where historic hill towns are often sited, as well as the stability of old underground cavities in urban areas of Central Italy. The study focuses on the mechanical behaviour of one of the pyroclastic materials forming the Orvieto mesa (pozzolana), not unlike other pozzolanas in Central and Southern Italy and other pyroclastites from volcanic districts worldwide. The mechanical properties under static conditions of this weakly cemented rock are reported. A petrographic and physical characterization of the material was preliminary conducted, followed by a wide range of mechanical tests: oedometer, uniaxial, and isotropic compression tests and indirect tensile tests. The stress–strain and strength behaviours of the pozzolana are highlighted and compared with those of the rock materials of the pyroclastic formation (tuff). The mechanical behaviour of the pozzolana is related to its physical and textural characters, with special reference to continuity of the groundmass and porosity. Finally, the role of the material behaviour at the field scale is discussed.
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Fountoulakis, Ilias, Henri Diémoz, Anna Maria Siani, Alcide di Sarra, Daniela Meloni y Damiano M. Sferlazzo. "Variability and trends in surface solar spectral ultraviolet irradiance in Italy: on the influence of geopotential height and lower-stratospheric ozone". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, n.º 24 (23 de diciembre de 2021): 18689–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18689-2021.
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Abstract. The short- and long-term variability of the surface spectral solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance is investigated across Italy using high-quality ground-based measurements from three locations: Aosta (45.7∘ N, 7.4∘ E, 570 m a.s.l.), Rome (41.9∘ N, 12.5∘ E, 15 75 m a.s.l.), and Lampedusa (35.5∘ N, 12.6∘ E, 50 m a.s.l.). The three sites are characterized by different environmental conditions and represent almost the full latitudinal extent of the Italian territory. Data of two periods were analysed: 2006–2020 (all sites) and 1996–2020 (Rome only). The main objective of this study is to quantify the effect of the geopotential height (GPH) at 250 hPa on total ozone, and spectral irradiance at 307.5 and 324 nm. We first show that monthly anomalies in GPH, total ozone, and spectral irradiances are correlated amongst the three sites, suggesting that Italy is often affected by the same synoptical weather systems. We further find statistically significant anticorrelations between GPH and monthly anomalies in total ozone for all stations and months. Conversely, we identify positive correlations between GPH and monthly anomalies in spectral irradiance at 307.5 nm for most months. The influence of GPH on short-term variability also hold for long-term trends. For example, long-term changes in total ozone over the period 2006–2020 were associated with changes in GPH for all stations. This suggests that observed negative trends in total ozone were mainly driven by changes in lower-stratospheric ozone as upper-stratospheric ozone was increasing over this period. For several months of the year, positive trends in UV irradiance were observed, and we found that these trends were predominantly caused by changes in clouds and/or aerosols instead of total ozone. For the longer period of 1996–2020, a statistically significant annualized decrease in total ozone of ∼ 0.1 % per year was identified for Rome and could subsequently be attributed to decreasing lower-stratospheric ozone. While positive trends in spectral irradiance at 307.5 nm were observed for several months of this extended period, the negative trend in total ozone did not lead to a positive trend in the spectral irradiance at 307.5 nm in the deseasonalized data. Our study provides evidence that dynamical processes taking place in the troposphere lead to significant variability in total ozone and surface solar UV irradiance.
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Zangari, Giulio, Flavia Bartoli, Fernando Lucchese y Giulia Caneva. "Plant Diversity in Archaeological Sites and Its Bioindication Values for Nature Conservation: Assessments in the UNESCO Site Etruscan Necropolis of Tarquinia (Italy)". Sustainability 15, n.º 23 (30 de noviembre de 2023): 16469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152316469.
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In archaeological sites, plants can be a risk for monument conservation. However, in these sites, a refugium for plant biodiversity is often detected, such as in the UNESCO site Etruscan necropolis of “Monterozzi” in Tarquinia, which still holds a Special Protection Area for bats. In this site, we previously evaluated the positive and negative effects of vascular plants on the conservation of the hypogeal tombs. To contribute in assessing the role of archaeological sites in supporting plant diversity and interpreting its bioindication values for nature conservation, we analyse in this relevant place the floristic interest and richness and the plant communities growing on tumuli, trampled, and less disturbed areas. The results revealed the presence of several plants with high naturalistic interest, such as the community’s representative of synanthropic and natural Mediterranean grasslands, which arise both from the present and the past uses of the area. The high naturalistic values of the site are also assessed, considering its remarkable richness of species/area compared with the well-known archaeological sites of Rome. These findings further indicate that plant diversity needs to be considered in planning management activities in archaeological sites to also protect their natural values.
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Iannarelli, Anna Maria, Annalisa Di Bernardino, Stefano Casadio, Cristiana Bassani, Marco Cacciani, Monica Campanelli, Giampietro Casasanta et al. "The Boundary Layer Air Quality-Analysis Using Network of Instruments (BAQUNIN) Supersite for Atmospheric Research and Satellite Validation over Rome Area". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 103, n.º 2 (febrero de 2022): E599—E618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-21-0099.1.
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Abstract The Boundary layer Air Quality-analysis Using Network of Instruments (BAQUNIN) supersite is presented. The site has been collecting pollutant concentrations and meteorological parameters since 2017. Currently, BAQUNIN consists of three observation sites located in the city center of Rome (Italy), and in the neighboring semirural and rural areas. To the best of our knowledge, BAQUNIN is one of the first observatories in the world to involve several passive and active ground-based instruments installed in multiple locations, managed by different research institutions, in a highly polluted megacity affected by coastal weather regimes. BAQUNIN has been promoted by the European Space Agency to establish an experimental research infrastructure for the validation of present and future satellite atmospheric products and the in-depth investigation of the planetary and urban boundary layers. Here, the main characteristics of the three sites are described, providing information about the complex instrumental suite and the produced data. The supersite adopts a policy of free sharing of its validated dataset with the community. Finally, the BAQUNIN potential is demonstrated with a case study involving a major fire that occurred in a waste treatment plant near the urban center of Rome, and the consequent investigation of the plume properties revealed by different instruments.
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Iamonico, Duilio. "Biodiversity in Urban Areas: The Extraordinary Case of Appia Antica Regional Park (Rome, Italy)". Plants 11, n.º 16 (15 de agosto de 2022): 2122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11162122.
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The first inventory of the flora of Appia Antica Regional Park (Italy), one of the largest protected urban areas in Europe (4580 ha), its biological, ecological and biogeographical composition, and notes of the vegetation physiognomies and landscape are presented; physical characteristics of the territory (geomorphology, lithotypes, and phytoclimate) are also given. The landscape is defined by an agricultural matrix with natural and seminatural areas as patches, and riparian vegetation communities as corridors. The vegetation physiognomies are represented by types linked to the Mediterranean climate (mixed, Mediterranean, and riparian forests; scrubby, rocky, aquatic, and helophytic vegetation; anthropogenic communities). The floristic list includes 714 taxa (104 families and 403 genera). Therophytes prevail over hemicryptophytes; woody flora comprises about 30% of alien species. As regards chorotypes, together with a considerable number of Mediterranean species, there are many exotic species with wide distribution areas testifying to a long-lasting anthropic impact. Floristic novelties (european, national, and regional levels) for 21 taxa are reported. The extraordinary species diversity discovered (43% of flora of Rome and 20% of regional flora) is linked to the landscape heterogeneity, the characteristics of which are: (1) persistence of residual natural patches, (2) occurrence of quite well-preserved aquatic habitats and humid meadows, (3) a rich anthropogenic flora, (4) an interesting flora of archeological sites, (5) occurrence of species not common in Latium, (6) occurrence of populations of aliens in crops (which cause economic impact), (7) presence of aliens on archeological ruins (which cause economic-social impacts). The extensive set of data provided represents a general base framework for guiding future research efforts and landscape action plans consistent with environmental sustainability.