Tesis sobre el tema "Histoire des théories"
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Rosier, Laurence. "Le discours rapporté: histoire, théories, pratiques". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212758.
Boyer, des Roches Jérôme de. "Théories de la monnaie et politique monétaire". Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010027.
Baratin, Marc. "Histoire des théories linguistiques : l'analyse syntaxique dans l'Antiquité latine". Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040470.
Quentrec, Jacky. "Théories du cinéma : une histoire du savoir cinématographique. 1907 - 1962". Paris 8, 1987. https://octaviana.fr/document/184659876#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Fichet, Laurent. "Les théories scientifiques de la musique aux XIXe et XXe siècles". Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040354.
This dissertation presents the main theories on the music of the XIXth and XXth centuries, based on mathematics, physics or physiology. This study wishes to present ill-known theories, or sum up and clarify others better known but complex. In addition, the limit of this study to the scientific theories of music allows us, after a critical analysis, to see what certitudes science can bring in the field of arts. We can assume that most of theoreticians have not been able to carry out their arguments to the end with a fair scientific exactness. It even seems that some of them have been attracted by the good reputation of science more that by the possibility of working out a scientific theory of music. The possibility that new scientific theories might promote the comprehension of music is not for all that discarded, but we emphasize the fact that, if music could be explained by these sciences, that would mean that there might be fixed and everlasting music
Seignan, Gérard. "La fatigue : une histoire de ses théories du XVIIIe au XXe siècles". Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21416.
This history of the theories of fatigue ranges from the early years of the 18th century to the middle of the 20th century. In the 18th century, exhaustion came from the consumption of « animal spirits », from the wearing out of the «solid matters », or from the « tiredness » originating in « fluids » stagnation. Exhaustion is a consequence of violent activities, of sustained mental activity, or of the « sedentary » work ; but it also comes from sexual perversions. In the early 19th century, vigour therapies launched a debate over the origin of strength. Considering the energy of the body comes from the air we breathe in, does loss of breath play part in the growth of the fatigue ? When in the mid-19th century new knowledges came up concerning the physiological aspects of the muscle activity, tiredness was attribued to a lack of oxygen in the body and an excess of carbon dioxyde. Further explanations were proposed trougth the new physiology of the brain, in the ligth of advances in psychology. Then came the principales of training, later developped during the 20th century to justify the techniques founded on experience and aimed at making men toughs
Sanchez, Pascal. "Les théories explicatives de la magie : les sciences sociales à l'épreuve d'une croyance collective". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040174.
Magic makes up an interesting range of observation in order to study the explanatory mechanisms of the theories in a field that is as fundamental as the understanding of collective beliefs. At first reading, the disputes which have stirred anthropology and sociology circles reveal a myriad of miscellaneous, even contradictory opinions. Actually, this complexity is apparent in so far as magic has roused three major questions. The first one is concerned with the definition of magic worked out in relation with religion and science. Then the second bears on the different psychological, social and cognitive functions which magic exerts on people. The third one aims at identifying in what conditions of time and space magical beliefs change. Thus these debates provide a leading thread and offer the possibility to compare the explanatory power of theories with an apparently irrational belief. Among the various formulations taken up by anthropology and sociology, only one seems to be able to meet the criteria of a good theory. Explaining magic is to restore the reasons which lead believers to adhere to subjectively founded representations, is then to restore a point of view which leads a believer to convince himself of the consistency and the empirical validity of his representations. This approach to magical belief can be especially detected in the writings of Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and E. E. Evans-Prichard; these writings associating an extensive description of the context in which magic is inserted to a sharp and complex analysis to the cognitive factors contributing to bringing people to this belief
Monnier-Benoit, Gaëlle. "Cosmétique et hygiène du corps : théories, pratiques et représentations (XIIe-XVe siècle)". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11949.
Allain, Bonilla Marie-Laure. "Visualiser la théorie : usages des théories postcoloniales dans les pratiques curatoriales de l’art contemporain depuis les années 1980". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20028.
This thesis is a reflection on the relationship between postcolonial theory and curatorial practices in contemporary art, with an emphasis on the permeabilities and dialogic relationship that has developed between them. It does not seek to explain postcolonial theory as applied to curatorial practices or to provide a so-Called user manual, but rather to visualize them. By “visualize” we do not mean to illustrate or present a transliteration of the theory, butinstead to note various developments and embodiments thereof. The United Kingdom and America during the 1980s and early 1990s are the subject of the first part of the thesis to the extent that they are both places of emergence of postcolonial theory and also key societies in the context of colonial history. The second part focuses on the second half of the 1990s and early 2000s, a time when postcolonial theory as a tool become inseparable from the analysis of globalization. Finally, the third part proposes to consider a post-Western world in the 21stcentury, post-Western in the sense that the dissolution of the concept of center/periphery requires certain shifts and epistemological adjustments for which contemporary art exhibitions are active vectors, particularly those seeking to articulate a postcolonial discourse
Keucheyan, Razmig. "Les limites de la construction sociale : les théories constructivistes en question". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040139.
Constructivism is one of the main paradigms in contemporary social science. It is also one of the most controversials. This thesis aims to understand the genesis of constructivism, to discuss some of its arguments, and to analyse the reasons of its success. Two empirical researches have been conducted. The first took place at the Centre de sociologie de l'innovation, a constructivist research unit directed by Bruno Latour and Michel Callon. The purpose of this research was to analyse the cognitive norms that underly constructivism. We show that these norms are different from those underlying other sociological paradigms, and that they explain part of constructivism's specificity. The second research concerned the Internet-based fan communities of a movie called The Matrix. The directors of this movie claim to have been influenced by the constructivist philosopher Jean Baudrillard. Based on the data obtained, we try to understand the reasons why constructivism has had success among non-sociologists
Ghali, Noureddine. "L'"avant-garde" cinématographique en France durant les années vingt : idées, conceptions, théories". Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010579.
The films produced by the french "avant-garde" movement during the twenties are important in number but avery few of them have survived to our time. So it is practically impossible to make a large survey about them today. But it is somehow easier to study the ideas and the theories expressed by the "avant-garde" filmmakers and film critics. The first wave of the movement (1919-1924) is represented by the famous figures of ricciotto canudo, louis delluc and emile vuillermoz. Those three have put the accent about the moving pictures as an art, the seventh and the last of the arts system in canudo's opinion. Therefore all the artistic elements of the art of the movies were taken into consideration, for example the nature, the decoration, the editing, the relationship with the other arts and especially music, etc. The second wave of the movement (1924-1930) has as a leading figure the female director germaine dulac who has got a lot of young disciples during that period. The major theory of that second wave is turning around the idea that the movies are an independent art which must find its whole elements in itself. That is what was called "cinema pur" (using abstract elements in the film and finding its material only in the movement and the rhythm). This second period is also dominated by the expression of the dream in the films; that last theory is especially due to the surrealistic movement
Moreau, Elisabeth. "Eléments, atomes & physiologie :le contexte médical des théories de la matière (1567-1634)". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/264291.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Schweitzer, Claudia. "Parole et Chant. Histoire des théories du son du français à l’âge classique (XVIIe – XVIIIe siècles)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA104/document.
All evidence shows that the sounds produced by the human voice, either spoken or sung, exhibit numerous relationships; nevertheless, their descriptions and analyses are not necessarily presented in the same light in texts dealing with grammar on the one hand, or music on the other, of which the scope (for both categories) can be either more or less theoretical or practical.For our study of the phonetics of French in word and song, we have chosen the 17th and 18th centuries, an era when music and language by definition present fundamental structural connections. This characteristic allows us to confront the two disciplines with each other in a logical way, and to re-connect two traditions, the close theoretical ties between which have weakened in the course of history.This system of connected histories also allows us to analyze the theories of sound as expounded by the grammarians, and then to anchor them in the cultural and epistemological framework of their epoch via three different approaches: acoustics, articulation and prosody. In addition, it allows the investigation of a factor which the authorities only touch upon with difficulty (and preferably between the lines), that of the variability of speech according to the speaker’s emotional state. The study thus confirms the efficacy of methods of connected history, through an interdisciplinary corpus which embraces questions of linguistics and, more precisely, phonetics
Es ist offensichtlich, dass die von der gesprochenen und der gesungenen Stimme produzierten Klänge zahlreiche Gemeinsamkeiten aufweisen. Die Beschreibung dieser Laute und ihre Analyse präsentieren sich jedoch in den grammatikalischen und musikalischen Texten, deren Ausrichtung zudem jeweils eher theoretisch oder eher praktisch sein kann, oft auf sehr unterschiedliche Art.Für unsere Studie über die französischen gesprochenen und gesungenen Sprachlaute haben wir als Zeitraum das 17. und 18. Jahrhundert ausgewählt, eine Zeit, in der Musik und Sprache per Definition grundlegende strukturelle Verbindungen aufweisen. Diese Charakteristik ermöglicht es uns, die beiden Disziplinen zu konfrontieren und zwei Traditionen, deren enge theoretische Verbindung sich im Laufe der Geschichte stark abgeschwächt hat, erneut zu verbinden.Der theoretische Rahmen der „connected history“ ermöglicht es uns, die von den Grammatikern ausgearbeiteten Ideen und Theorien zu den Sprachlauten unter drei verschiedenen Ansätzen (Akustik, Artikulation und Prosodie) zu analysieren und sie im kulturellen und epistemologischen Kontext ihrer Zeit zu verankern. Er erlaubt darüber hinaus Fragestellungen nachzugehen, die von den Grammatikern nur mit Schwierigkeiten (und oft zwischen den Zeilen) angesprochen werden können: die Veränderlichkeit der Sprache und ihrer Laute aufgrund der Emotivität des Sprechers. Die Studie bestätigt damit die Effizienz der Methoden der „connected history“ für einen interdisziplinären Korpus zu linguistischen (und, genauer gesagt, phonetischen) Problemen
Clarke, Alupa. "Théories constitutionnelles de la judiciarisation du politique au Canada". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26623.
Zinélabidine, Mohamed. "Contribution à l'étude des théories et conceptions esthétiques musicales arabo-musulmanes au Moyen Age (du VIIe s. Au XIIIe s. )". Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040047.
The question we can ask now is: what we call Arabic music is in fact Arabic or is it an Islamic music ? Having started from an Arabic music which was developed before and after Islam, we are interested in its origins, repertories, and forms. The first part of our work concerns the study of the classical Arabic musical system, its specific elements, its characteristics, and its singing technics until the IXth century. In the second part, we followed the evolution of the Arabic musical scale before Islam until the school of "systematists" (XIIIth century) to appreciate the consequences of these transformations on the Arabic melodical modal systems in the near middle east and the Muslim west. We also specified that the classical music school represented by al-Kindi and al-Mawcili (IXth century) was transmitted by Zyriab (IXth century). With such men the ideas of the east were transmitted to the Muslim west. We then examined the Arabic cultural influence in the middle-aged occident. We looked at how the Arabic culture development in general and the musical one in particular permitted to the middle-aged occident a real will to the knowledge when the need is felt. Finally, in the third part we introduce the arab-muslim musical thinking through the study of the al-Kindi's four-element theory, the al-Farabi's aesthetic feelings, and the al-Ghazali's spiritual music
Masquelier, Juliette. "Traditions, adaptations, contestations. Théories et pratiques de l'émancipation des femmes dans quelques organisations catholiques (Belgique francophone, 1960-1990)". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/284523.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Vorms, Marion Clara. "Théories, modes d'emploi : une perspective cognitive sur l'activité théorique dans les sciences empiriques". Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462403.
Arena, Francesca. "Folles de maternité. Théories et pratiques autour du diagnostic de la folie puerpérale. (XVIIème – XXème siècles, France – Italie)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3045.
From the modern age we will retrace the key representations of women madness in puerperium, to emphasize the organic dimension. Even during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, doctors insist on the morbid layers and make the woman a weak and sick being, exposed to all kinds of diseases including insanity. It is during the eighteenth century that the behaviors, emotions and feelings of the mother become subject to the scientific outlook, which shakes part of the organic dimension of insanity to include a gradual mental dimension. But it is only in the nineteenth century with the birth of new medical disciplines that the speech is clear and focuses around a diagnosis: that of puerperal insanity. The interpretation remains essentially linked to the biological dimension of motherhood (the puerperium madness: from pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding), even if we start to incorporate a reflection on the implications of the mother madness on the development of children and on infanticide . These disorders were originally conceived only as disorders of women during the puerperal state, then conceived as disorders of pregnancy and it is only very recently that one could imagine the problems related to parenthood. It is only during the twentieth century and with an ambiguous interpretation (organic and mental) that can be traced back distinctions between maternal depression and postpartum psychoses. A long period was required to separate parenthood from the biological fact of birth: a necessary step to integrate also all the people in charge of the first links with the child, that is to say fathers, adoptive parents, relatives and so on
Toncelli, Raffaella. "Le rôle des principes dans la construction des théories relativistes de Poincaré et Einstein". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209999.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Olczyk, Jacek. "Les théories poétiques de Boleslaw Leśmian et Tadeusz Peiper". Cracovie (Pologne), Uniwersytet Jagielloński, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0018.
The thesis is devoted to the 20th-century poetic consciousness as manifested in two modernist poetics, those of Bolesław Leśmian (1877-1937) and Tadeusz Peiper (1891-1969). These two poets represent two complementary tendencies, both anti-symbolist and anti-mimetic, but radically different, which gave rise to two visions of modernity resulting from the crisis of classical poetry. The notions of rhythm (1910-1915) proposed by French, Russian and Polish theories, have provided Leśmian with the means to refute the dominant tendency of symbolist poetry that consisted in the belief that one could only know the world through abstract concepts, symbols and correspondences. According to Leśmian, rhythm should furnish words with a tangible, immediate and sensual meaning. Rhythm is meaningful in itself, as opposed to an abstract metrical scheme. In contrast, in his poetic programme elaborated in the years 1922-1930, Tadeusz Peiper foregrounds the rejection of: chance, the theories of free verse and the direct poetic expression. Supporting his argumentation with references to the rationalization of all social and cultural processes, the adoption of new technologies and the appearance of mass consumption, Peiper proposes a theory of equivalence that consists in the replacement of immediate feelings with an abstract poetic structure. At the heart of his theory Peiper placed his metaphor of the “blooming composition. ” The present study analyses the two above-mentioned poetic programmes in the context of other poetics developed in Europe at the same time. Therefore, it can serve as a starting point for a research on the later changes in poetic conscience and on issues regarding epistemology
Bucchioni, Guillaume. "Histoire et postérité de l'atomisme logique : l'ontologie des simples, la typologie des complexes, théories de la constitution et méréologie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3133.
This work deals with the metaphysical problem of composition. This problem can be understood as a set of questions relating to the existence and nature of simple and complex entities. Are there complex entities? What kind are they? How are they made? What are they made of (simples or not)? We will initially analyze the Russellian paradigm for the problem of composition, namely logical atomism. This analysis will lead us to understand how the tool logic (logic Russell here) can help us determine an ontology (ontology of facts) in which these questions are answered. Then we discuss the contemporary treatment of this question wich is based on the special composition question (SCQ) developed by Peter van Inwagen in Material Beings, and the mereological analysis. We then discuss the different theories of composition and we will try to justify one of them: the universalism of composition. This explanation leads us to develop and justify a conception of simples (the gunk theory), time (quadridimensionalism), and a stuff ontology. We will complete our work by trying to show that the universalism of composition makes sense within particular theories : priority monism and supersubstantivalism
Alcolea-Bureth, Anne-Marie. "Pratiques et théories de l'économie solidaire : un essai de conceptualisation". Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0084.
In the past few years solidarity economy has had the lion's share of attention. We have become acquainted with this new term due to the social sciences and to national and local authorities. Actually the idea of solidarity economy, as it is still vague to many, has remained a mere notion, which justifies its status of scientific enigma. The objective of this doctoral thesis is to expand the theorical knowledge by suggesting a conceptualization which stems from the experience of various solidarity economy establishements, the economic and socio-political analysis of the third sector as well as the territorial economy. The association of this empirical data has led us to elaborate a concept of synthesis : "territorial solidarity economy". On the basis of socio-economic analysis and after pointing to the flaws of the markets and the state, this elected approach identifies the characteristics of solidarity economy establishements. The particularity of these characteristics is due to the way they function and in the territorially embedded nature of their practice. On a theoretical level, this thesis signals : firstly, the end of the dichotomy of the economic and the socio-political approaches to the third sector ; secondly, it suggests the implementation of a foundation to designate social economy as a scientific subject ; thirdly, because of the multiple means of coordination between the various parties of economic life discussed in this thesis, this research becomes perfectly integrated in today's necessity to set up the concepts of a multiple economy
Pluquet, Céline. "Le cinéma muet, un art musico-visuel : pratiques, théories et esthétiques de la musique de cinéma à Paris entre 1907 et 1929". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080053.
This thesis intends to articulate the historical, theoretical, cultural and aesthetic aspects of film music during the silent era through the case of Parisian theaters. It questions the role of music and how it defined cinema at that specific time. This study shows the establishment of practices, theories, filmic and musical forms conditioned by film music. A first definition of film music between 1906 and 1907 describes the cinematic show as being a cinematic pantomime from the moment it appears as an artistic representation, as both a musical and visual experience. Shortly after the Great War, film music is gradually marked by the recognition of the orchestra as a model of musical accompaniment practice in Parisian theaters. Finally, film music becomes fully embedded when theorists establish the idea of the musical accompaniment of a cinematic art throughout the 1920s.This investigation thus leads us to rethink the role of the cinematic show in the definition of cinema. In short, film music represents the cornerstone which brings together a perception of cinema as being both an art and a performance
Bonniol, Vincent. "Implantation du PMSI en secteur hospitalier privé : histoire et perspectives". Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32066.
Sotgiu, Antonio. "Le Décaméron de Boccace au prisme des « théories du roman »". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA140.
This work is composed of two parts. In the first one, I critically analyze how Boccaccio was read by the main theorists of the novel (Schlegel, Hegel, Lukács, Bakhtine, Auerbach); once described individually, these authors are later confronted with each other. A third chapter deals with new perspectives in the theory of the novel, which provide the foundation for a new interpretation of Boccaccio’s Decameron.The second part is devoted to Boccaccio’s works in themselves. First, I analyze Boccaccio’s rewriting of the dantean episode of Paolo and Francesca (Inf. V). In the same chapter I also discuss Boccaccio’s theory of the fabula as it is developed in his Genealogie deorum gentilium, by focusing on crucial issues such as allegory, knowledge and consolation. I conclude the chapter with an inquiry on the Filocolo’s narrative framework; particular attention is devoted to the episode of the «Questioni d’amore» and to its functions in the economy of the whole work. The second chapter puts forward a new reading of the Decameron, based on the notion of ‘compassion’; I analyze the Decameron’s narrative framework on the ground of philosophical and ethical categories. I also explore how the beliefs’ device is shaped by Boccaccio; the chapter ends with an enquiry around the concept of fortune, its theorization and representation in the Decameron. The third and final chapter is devoted to the individual interpretation of five novellas (IV, 4; V, 1; II, 7; II, 9; X, 10)
Nourry, Carine. "Coordination des anticipations dans les modèles macrodynamiques". Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32017.
To study expectations coordination issues in macrodynamic models, we consider deterministic nonlinear growth models. When we assume agents to have rational expectations, equilibria can be indeterminate. In this case, there exist multiple convergent equilibrium paths for initial conditions in the neighborhood of a steady state equilibrium. Without additional assumption, agents don't know how to coordinate their expectations. Our aim is to extend the class of macrodynamic models where the determinacy conditions are known. We show that standard assumptions and/or simple conditions rule out local indeterminacy in overlapping generations models with production: in models with homogeneous agents and endogenous labor supply. We show that equilibria can be indeterminate in the diamond model. But we also give conditions for determinacy of equilibria, and for existence of local bifurcations. In the diamond model with both altruistic and non altruistic agents, where the proportion of each type of consumers is exogenously given, we show that when stationary bequests are operative, some standard assumptions rule out local indeterminacy. But local indeterminacy can't always be ruled out. We then consider equilibrium paths under the assumption of adaptive learning. We show that this behavior allows agents to select one of the convergent paths when the steady state is indeterminate with rational expectations
Coulomb, Fanny. "Les théories économiques de la guerre, de la paix et de la défense : des origines à nos jours". Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21049.
Chalozin-Dovrat, Lin. "Les rapports entre le temps et l'espace dans les théories linguistiques". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040013.
Over the past few decades, a considerable number of studies in linguistics and the cognitive sciences have put forward the claim that the expression of time in language relies on the cognition of space. This study aims to show that the scientific discourse on time–space relations in language and cognition is an epistemological object, shaped by its history and disciplinary motivations. Thus, the predominant research framework of time–space relations is the product of an intricate network of interests which do not necessarily facilitate the research of the scientific object. In the first part of the study we show that relations between time and space changed through the history of both language and the theory of language. In the second part, we explore the theoretical trend of the spatialization of time in the writings of key philosophers and grammarians of the Enlightenment, and in the oeuvre of the French linguist Gustave Guillaume (1883-1960). In the third part we examine the paradigm of spatial priority in cognitive linguistics from the 1970s until today. The conclusions of the study lead us to put forth some proposals for the future research of time, space and the time–space interface in language
Breuil, Eddie. "Histoire et théories de l'édition critique des textes modernes en France, du XIXe siècle à nos jours, du papier au numérique". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20100.
The history and theory of the critical edition of ancient, medieval and Judeo-Christian texts have been extensively studied, whereas the origins, developments, principles, debates, practices and achievements of the modern critical editions have been little examined, especially in France. Unlike in Germany and in England, it has only been studied in the form of ad hoc interventions, through articles whose main intent is to justify a personal initiative. Today, the advent of digital technologies retrospectively draws attention to the historicity of the whole sector, and to the critical importance of the form it has taken, of the materiality and of its economy. It leads to observe and to think about the effects of the information and communication technologies’ revolution: is it a purely material progress, in terms of quantity and speed, or is it the beginning of cultural and intellectual changes akin to those which resulted from book printing? It is time for literary research to deal with this blind spot though experiments in digital publishing and computing research and insights into the history of books and reading as well as communication sciences. Experiments with digital publishing made in foreign countries will be taken into account too
Vorms, Marion. "Théories, modes d'emploi : une perspective cognitive sur l'activité théorique dans les sciences empiriques". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462403.
Mimeault, Martin. "Punir, contenir et amender : les théories carcérales et leurs applications à la prison des Plaines de Québec, 1863-1877". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0010/MQ41964.pdf.
Lenay, Charles. "Enquête sur le hasard dans les grandes théories biologiques de la deuxième moitié du 19e siècle". Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010568.
The concept of chance fulfils an explanatory function in certain scientific theories, notably in biology. It was used with particular success in the theorie of evolution and heredity which were developed during the second half of the nineteenth century. The aim of this thesis is to understand the significance of this concept and to study the conditions necessary for its employment. We have therefore examined the theories of Ch. Darwin and G. Mendel, A. R. Wallace and F. Galton, A. Weismann and Hugo De Vries, and finally W. Bateson and K. Pearson in 1900. It has proved possible to trace the ancestry of this concept of chance from the theory of natural selection up to the discovery of the mendelian laws in 1900. This study has proved interesting from two points of view. Firstly from a historical viewpoint, the concept of chance turns out to be particularly relevant for discerning the general constraints - both ideological and experimental = which presided over the origin of these theories. On this basis we propose a general scheme for the construction of these theories, which we have termed "epistemic projection": the category "chance" internal to the theory results from the projection of a (subjective) epistemic chance that the author of the theory met with. Secondly from an epistemological point of view, this historical approach has enabled us to define a typology. .
Dhoiffir, Loutfi. "Une histoire comptable et financière de la ligne ferroviaire dite de la « petite ceinture » Paris (1853-2014) : Approche par les théories de la décision". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA131003/document.
The Line Little Belt is a former Paris railway line double track 32 kilometers in length (excluding connections) who went around Paris within the boulevards of the Marshals. Opened by sections 1852 to 1869, it is first devoted exclusively to freight traffic before being opened for passenger traffic, with the exception of the Auteuil line, unlike directly open to travelers in 1854 and only in 1867 for goods. Deserted by Parisians because of growing competition from the Metropolitan in 1900, the line is, for most of his career, closed to passenger traffic Sunday, July 22, 1934, except the Auteuil line remained open until in 1985. Freight traffic has disappeared since the early 1990s, and the line is now largely abandoned and missing a portion of its length. A portion of the Auteuil line, however, was built in 1988 to the RER C line. Many stations were destroyed including Montsouris. Passy Station has been preserved by being converted into a restaurant. Stations were converted as station Charonne. Remained abandoned since 1993, the Little Belt has been the subject of a first phase of consultation in 2013 in order to sketch the future. Our research is at the heart of the debate about the future of the Little Belt Paris. It aims to demonstrate the importance of the railway line since its inception in 1852 until it closed in 1934 for passenger service. We provide a comparative analysis of the situation of the accounting and financial management from 1854 to 1934 to determine the different results of operations conducted to evaluate the financial performance of the line. Our approach is to understand why intelligent men, in possession of all their resources, they have taken the decision to voluntarily stop the activity of theLittle Belt line. What are the consequences of setting aside of the very long term of this railway platform? What are theshortfalls of this Sleep? Little research has been based on this approach, and our research was to study the differentapproaches to the decision based on the theories of rational decision of Simon of Cyert and March and the absurd theories of decision Christian More l . After comparison of these different approaches, we have learned as a result to escape the non-decision, applying the theory of meta-rule of the reliability
Yacob, Annie. "L'impact des théories optiques de Lorenzo Ghiberti sur Paolo Uccello et Léonard de Vinci". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010617.
Magne, Patrice. "La théorie marxienne et la thermodynamique". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010046.
The « marxist » theory appears unable to show the richness of Marx and Engels works. We call their works as the « marxian » theory. This theorical corpus is feed explicitly and implicitly by natural sciences. For instance, thermodynamics propose a vue of the world compatible with the one proposed by marx and engels. First time, we showed the connexions between the thermodynamics and the marxian theory. This one has been elaborated inside a thermodynamical paradigm which conquered all the social thought and reality during the 19th century. The works of marx and engels was impregnated with this paradigm. We can see it in their large correspondance on natural sciences. Thermodynamics show through several indications in the marx's economic works. The principles of conservation and degradation of energy are widely srudied by engels in his dialectic of the nature and his anti-duhring. Thermodynamics have a concrete translation in the marx's economic works. In our second part, we analyse the working strengh concept in the light of energy conservation principle. This analysis pushed us to study the works of the ukrainian sergei podolinsky who tried to convince marx of the utility of a rapprochement with the energy science. This attempt of mesuring work by energy has not been carried out. An ecoenergetical tradition slowly grew up. E. Sacher made ecoenergetical works which restarted the ideas of podolinsky. W. Ostwald created the energetical monism which attracted some marxists (bogdanov and bukharin). That tradition had two last defensors, smit and klepikov, who tried, in the reign of lenin, to elaborate a theory of the fixing of wages by the energetical content of human labour. Our third part aims to show the correspondance between the marxian vision of the evolution of societies, and the entropy principle extracted from the energy degradation principle. Our analysis permited us to show that the marxian direction of history is inspired by the hegelian philosophy, the entropy principle and the darwinian evolutionarism. So, the historical materialism generate a thermo-hegelian-darwinian evolution principle
Methamem, Narjess. "Applications et insertions des théories linguistiques dans les manuels pédagogiques tunisiens de langue française pour l'enseignement primaire secondaire et supérieur". Paris 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030084.
The revue of the french language teaching policies in tunisia became urgent. In fact, the actual bilingualism is the master point from with some complex problems emerge; on the first hand, the teaching and the practice of the french language, on the other hand, the policy of arabisation thus, this is the situation of several implications, that we suggest to develop. For this reason, we approached the problem from two points of view : an empirical approach (a study in scholastic environment) which results represent the empirical foundation of the actual study. A theoretical approach that gives both a qualitative definition of the french teaching, and a model for a better understanding of the apprenticeship of french as a language. These approaches allows us to offer answers to some important questions regarding the development and the organisation of the french teaching in a tunisian scholastic and academic environment. These problems basically refer : to the objectives of the teaching of the language, its role and its importance in the tunisian economic and social life, to the method and to the relationship that exist between the quality and the quantity of the program contents, to the pedagogic and the academic qualifacations of the teachers. Finally, our ambition is to restructure the tunisian educational system
Julliard, Catherine. "La réception des théories esthétiques françaises par le théâtre allemand de la Frühaufklarung". Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040127.
The period to be studied, a domain that has been until now little explored, extends over the first decades of the eighteenth century and is characterized by different ruptures with the previous century, particularly with the formal and conceptual heritage of the second Silesian school. The psychological situation of the epoch is defined by the German consciousness of deficiencies in the dramatic and cultural sphere, increased by the reactions of foreigners who mock German literature. The specific German situation is the origin of the reception of French dramatic theories. The reception, or the passage from one cultural sphere to another, meets German expectations, and the borrowings play a cardinal part in the elaboration of a new dramatic theoretical edifice. The model advocated by Gottsched, who is the focus of the study, is France, a successful example of a national culture, an ideal of dramatic theory which is based on norms. The method employed consists in a reading of texts in French and German theory with the consideration of major themes. The study shows that Gottsched is inspired by the French classical and neoclassical tradition. It attempts to reveal the coherence of the French contributions that the German writer integrates into the edification of his national program
Gavidia, Isolda. "Les théories ruskiniennes de l'authenticité : et leurs représentations dans les paysages nord-américains". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26260/26260.pdf.
Valette, Marie-Laure. "Mythes et théories de l'hérédité à la fin du XIXe siècle à partir de l'oeuvre de Paul Bourget". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO1M326.
Hauchecorne, Mathieu. "La fabrication transnationale des idées politiques : Sociologie de la réception de John Rawls et des "théories de la justice" en France (1971-2011)". Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL20013.
Spanning the sociology of elites, intellectual history, and reception studies, this research explores how theories and political ideas are circulated across countries and disciplines, as well as between the academic and political worlds. Starting in 1971, it studies the French intellectual and political reception of John Rawls’s theory of social justice, and more broadly of the debates it sparked in the English-speaking world. Contributing to a historical sociology of political ideas, this dissertation combines ethnography in think-tanks and academic conferences, as well as in online discussions, with a statistical survey, and the study of archives of publishers, academics and administrations. Through the exploration of references to Rawls, Sen or Walzer in academia, the press, political platforms or curricula, we show how this reception is an analyzer of broader changes, such as the growing dominance of English in transnational cultural exchanges, the declining recourse to Marxist and Keynesian paradigms in the French Left, and the questioning of centrality of structuralism in social sciences and the humanities in France. It shows that the very diverse ways in which “theories of justice” have been appropriated and circulated in France depend on the social location of their mediators, and on how their networks are structured. Whereas the sociology of reception has often overlooked the internal analysis of appropriations, this research shows how analyzing them sociologically helps explain why these mediators felt elective affinities with Rawls’s thought, despite national, disciplinary and sectoral boundaries
Parmentier, Marie. "L'évolution de la perception et des théories relatives aux couleurs dans le Japon de l'époque d'Edo (1603-1868) et de l'ère Meiji (1868-1912)". Paris, INALCO, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INAL0019.
The perception of color, as it appears nowadays in Japan, has been formed from various foreign influences, essentially from China first, then from the West. The western ones which take place during the Edo period and the Meiji era have played an evident role in its formation. Until the contacts with the West, the Japanese perception of color is characterized by a specific sensibility to coloring materials and by a theoretical, speculative and global frame inherited from China, which represents an almighty reference for any answer about color. No rational or scientific researches about the nature of color had been conducted so far, as they weren’t justified. Yet, these kinds of questions rise as western influences, which introduce modern science, reach Japan. From that point in time, the scientific definition of color inherited from the West gets more and more impact on Japanese thought. Confidential during the Edo period, its influence intensifies as the years go by. The process of its adoption brutally increases when Japan decides to adopt a modernization and westernization policy during the Meiji era. This definition is now integrated and undisputed. It constitutes one of the facets of the way Japanese see and define color. Two subjects are particularly representative of the western influence, as they are commons in contemporary Japanese perception of color : the three primary colors theory first, and then the characterization of color in physics. They reach Japan during the Edo period but it is during the Meiji era that they are systematically studied, adopted, and diffused to the population. Nowadays, neither of these two points is questioned any more
Larrère, Catherine. "L'invention de l'économie au dix-huitième siècle : entre les doux principes du commerce et les théories de la représentation". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010546.
Behr, Héloïse. "Impact de la littérature indigène au Brésil : une redéfinition des théories euro-occidentales". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA009/document.
As Karl Marx summarized, the colonized "cannot represent themselves; they must berepresented.” The Natives of Brazil have always held a special place in Brazilianliterature. Since the 80s, they have become the subject of their works.From Metade Cara, Metade Máscara Eliane Potiguara (2004); Falling from the sky.Words of a Yanomami shaman co-written by the shaman Davi Kopenawa andanthropologist Bruce Albert (2010) and Geografia indígena jointly by teachers intraining from Parque Indígena do Xingu (1995), we address the issue of indigenous and Brazilian identity, questioning the legitimacy and the validity of the description "indigenous literature". From these diverse publications emerge enlightening reflections on the notion of identity, notably when crossed with the challenge of authorship. The adoption of alphabetic writing by the Natives of Brazil allows the appropriation of a portrait subject to scrutiny from others, thus a return to Western and Brazilian writings.Moreover, indigenous literature brings a different view of history dealt with from a perspective of "Western super subjects" (Saïd, 2000). Drawing upon post-colonialtheories, we show that Native literature is revolutionary because it offers an eccentric viewing angle (Bhabha, 1994) extending the European concept of historiography (Mignolo, 2003) based on the multiplicity of the voices of the various (Glissant, 1981) in particular based on orality
Dufossé, Colette. "Théories et vocabulaire de la vision dans les mondes grec et latin du IVe au XIIe siècle". Paris, EPHE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPHE4024.
During the late Antiquity, the theories of Plato and Aristotle about the solar or ocular light's movements are the basis of the theory of vision. The neoplatonic approach of the greek commentators to Aristotle, influenced by geometry and physiology, has been passed on to the Latin Occident, which was actually closer to Platon's Timaeus – available in traduction, unlike Aristotle's workIn order to explain the formation of the image in the observer's soul, the Greeks combine elements of Aristotle and Galen. The Occident focuses on the subject's interiority: the Augustinian theory enlarge the visual theory to create a thought's one. Then it's redefined during the twelth century under the influence of Boece's classification of the soul's forces. The propagation of light is a crucial element of vision. From the God-light's metapher, the Greek fathers developp a metaphysical speech influenced by Aristotle's physic. John Scotus Eriugena passes it on to the Latin world, where it comforts the Augustinian theory of vision. During the twelth century, this metaphysics changes to physics (optics) by means of the Timaeus' studies. Whereas in greek there is a continuity with the antique vocabulary, a specialised lexicon tends to appear in latin, through the greek and an autonomous thought, respectively. This lexicon, testimonial of the powerfull reflexion on optic during the early Middle Ages, is used in the twelth century's translations, which renew the knowing of this discipline in Occident
Brouste, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du profit chez Marx". Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010008.
Marx's thought is complex, unachieved (his main economic work « The Capital » performs less than 1 6 of his entire project) and often different from marxist theory. This thesis analyses some undevelopped aspects of Marx's theory and its links with the theory of profit and the rate of profit. It's the case of unproductive capital and the middle class, the agrar question and foreign trade. The second part of the thesis studies the process valorisation devalorisation andits relations with the falling rate of profit
Martel, Jean-Philippe. "Les mauvais genres de la droite pessimisme historique, hybridité générique et surenchère négative chez Paul Morand et Louis-Ferdinand Céline". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2811.
Madarasz, Norman. "Le motif du tissu : études à partir de la philosophie française contemporaine d'une figure philosophique descriptive aux confins des théories du nom, de la proposition et du texte". Paris 8, 1999. https://octaviana.fr/document/181462281#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Salmon, Élodie. "L'Académie des Sciences coloniales. Une histoire de la « République lointaine » au XXème siècle". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL056.
This thesis proposes to study a “ certain vision“ of France through the History of the Académie des Sciences coloniales (ASC) now called the Académie des Sciences d’Outre-mer, since its formation in 1922 until the 1970’s. Contributing to the analysis of the “colonial sciences” and its connections with the centre of power, the research about this society of experts is a gateway towards several fields regarding the colonial thought and its developments.Generalist, multidisciplinary and created by some of very important personalities from the ancient “parti colonial”, the ASC is representative of the French colonial circles of the interwar period. The study of its composition allows us to outline a real “colonial class”, part of the French ruling class, fiercely sovereignist and promoting the “empire notion”. The thought which embodies these “coloniaux” combines closely the universalism of the French Republic messianism and the particularist relativism proper to the domination of “the Other”. Those two postulates are theoretically opposite. For a long time, the historiography has presented the fact that the colonisation by the French republic is contradictory to its original premise. The expression “République lointaine” (“Distant Republic”) which is both a geographic reality and a conceptual approach is forged to refute this false paradox. This work leads to an analysis of this thought evolution.The resilience and the adaptation of this Academy, which outlasts its fundamental purpose, becoming its “memorial repository”, deserve at least a specific attention. Through this research subject, we observe terminological, thematic and reticular conversions of the entire “colonial class”. Decolonization of words, introduction of the integrating themes of cooperation and francophonie, dilution of the former “colonial class” and its opening to the international networks, are indeed crucial to understand this transition
Watier, Louis. "La traduction fictive : motifs d’un topos romanesque (1496-1617)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040165.
A fictitious translation (or pseudo-translation) is a text written in a peculiar language but introduced as a real or imaginary translation in a foreign language. While such fictitious translations did not go through frequent studies until the end of the twentieth century, they are quite common and regularly illustrated by many famous works, among which Don Quijote, Le Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse and The Castle of Otranto to name a few. For long translation as fiction has only been considered as literary device to entertain. Hence, this attitude towards the fictitious translation may partially explain why such literary phenomenon was never perceived within its historical context, notwithstanding it was explicitly used as a literary convention by many authors. Therefore, we should devote ourselves to discern the motivations that drove the emergence of pseudo-translation in the novel ’genre. Besides, it is also important to highlight the course it took to finally become known as topos. From this perspective, this research, which is a genealogical one as defined by Nietzsche, explores the role of translation from the first medieval novels to their last echo in Cervantes’s work; in an attempt to reinject a historical dynamic in a common place long unchanged
Catz, Frédéric. "Réflexions critiques sur les théories de la valeur : la loi des coûts comparatifs : étalon et "transformation" : taux d'intérêt, épargne et investissement". Grenoble 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE21007.
Four questions are discussed. The first concerns the law of comparative costs : this law is generalised to cover several countries and several goods. We refute the claim that in ricardo's work, international prices are determined ; this claim being backed up by the theory of production prices extended to the international case. The notions of avantageous and optimal specialisation within a neo-ricadian framework are introduced. The second question concerns the standard commodity according to p. Sraffa : some remarks are intended to show that this notion is absurd. The third question concerns the problem of transformation (of labor values into production prices) : the solution of a. Lipietz is shown to be tautological. The last question examins the consistency of neoclassical theory in it's attempt to integrate saving, investment and the interest rate : this theory is either uninterpretable, and therefore economically meaningless (debreu) or inconsistent (walras). In the foreword the notion of exchange value is defined as being measurable