Tesis sobre el tema "Histoire de la connaissance"
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Gallen, Christian. "Les apports de Maimonide à la connaissance de l'asthme et de l'allergie". Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11016.
Texto completoCastelbajac, Matthieu de. "Enquête sur des enquêtes : les enquêtes de victimation et la connaissance du crime". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS018S.
Texto completoThis thesis retraces the invention and evolution of victimization surveys. These surveys represent the most important scientific endeavor in the study of crime of the last half-century, but also the most daring effort ever to see crime from the perspective of citizens rather than the State, with data which, contrary to police statistics, are not byproducts of the activities of State institutions. I describe, first, the difficulties which slowed up the emergence of victimization surveys in the United States, and prevented altother early similar developments in Europe ; second, how the surveys’ promoters attempted to rally to their cause rather skeptical criminologists ; third, the diversification of victimization survey designs ; and finally, their dynamic relationship with their main rival, police statistics. In recounting the struggle of victimization surveys and their promoters, I will show how they have changed the traditional ways in which the crime problem is perceived
Taylan, Ferhat. "La rationalité mésologique : connaissance et gouvernement des milieux de vie (1750-1900)". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30062.
Texto completoIn the recent years, environmental history has become a blooming field of study. It examines the historical formation of the categories through which the Relationship between Man and his environment is apprehended. Canguilhem and Foucault’s crucial contribution to this domain of knowledge has been totally neglected until now. Drawing on the conceptual and genealogical history these two authors have developed, this thesis attempts to bring to light how a domain of knowledge and practices aiming at governing Man through the planning of their surroundings, has emerged in the Western World during the XVIIIth and XIXthcenturies. Intrinsic to the development of a range of biological, geographical and sociological knowledge about Man and his milieu, an environmental biopolitics emerged, and from which we are not yet emancipated. While intergovernmental conferences on the “protection of environment” multiply, the study of such an environmental biopolitics could help change our perspective in the field of environmental politics (ecology) in order to raise the question of how environmental knowledge (savoirs environnementaux) came to develop within a political rationality that entails the governing of Man through his milieu
BAICHE, MIREILLE. "La fievre typhoide : histoire de sa connaissance et de son epidemiologie en france metropolitaine". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU31009.
Texto completoFaidutti, Bruno. "Images et connaissance de la licorne (fin du moyen-âge-XIXème siècle)". Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120048.
Texto completoThe legends about the unicorn as a friend of young virgins come from medieval bestiaries, but the animal's current image - a white horse with a long spiralled horn - only appeared in the renaissance. The unicorn, whose horn was the object of an important trade, was said to live in the orient and was often mistaken for the rhinoceros. The first texts questioning its existence date from the sixteenth century, but the debate about it was not closed until the nineteenth century. Doctors - who used its horn as an antidote to poison -, travellers - who were looking for it or wrote that they had seen it -, geographers, theologians, hermetists and symbolists, and of course specialists in natural history, have all expressed a variety of points of view on this issue
Steil, Armin. "Krisensemantik : Wissenssoziologische Untersuchungen zu einem Topos moderner Zeiterfahrung /". Opladen : Leske + Budrich, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37524788r.
Texto completoRoche, Claude. "La connaissance et la loi dans la pensée économique libérale classique". Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100028.
Texto completoThis thesis sets out classical political economy as a political plan for institutionalizing the market, in opposition to the 'naturalist' interpretation which dominates modern economic thought (of scientist inspiration). The thesis is that the purpose of the classics has been to lay the institutional foundations of the British financial market in order to answer unavoidable requirements in terms of measuring capital (in fact: accounting). For that reason they have been lead to elaborate the concept of a coherent market, thought out as a reality structured by general laws of income. Emphasizing therefore that the classical concept of the market must be read as an object of knowledge in Kant’s sense of the word, founded in particular upon monetary and physical "a priori conditions of knowledge", it infers that the political monetary project of the classics has formed the foundations of what is understood by the term: "market". With this end in view, it underlines the decisive role played by Locke from a theoretical as well as a political point a view, since his "treatise of government" appears directly inspired by the founding principles of the bank of England. Lastly emphasizing the continuity between Locke and Ricardo, and relativizing smith’s contribution, it draws up an exhaustive equivalence table between the construction of the concept of the market and classical physics: the whole enabling a new interpretation to be made of the genesis of physics in the 17th century
Brun, Patrick. "Connaissance émancipatoire et histoire de vie en collectivité : les pratiques du mouvement Atd Quart monde". Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR2025.
Texto completoTThe underprivileged class suffer from everyday uncertainties, not only because they have most of handicaps, but also because their weakness brings to light the question of their own identity. The emancipation of this underprivileged class therefore requires motivation on part of the training staff to their task whilst taking into account the opinions of the assisted. The knowledge, the very drive of this emancipation, cannot remain an isolated and unilateral process but must be disseminated. The process of life stories into training offers us both the means and the place from where the development of such knowledge will come. It is the result of a co-construction between the actors or persons involved and the helpers, or trainers. This co-building process will evolve from relational and narrative dialogue which links both trainer and the person involved. Therefore it follows that this work takes place in the mids of the dialogue; the training of the participants depends upon a background of a "collective culture" which must be periodically monitored. In the analysis which we are putting forward, this "culture" is the work of the Atd Fourth World movement. Since it was founded, the movement has been utilising the participants' dynamic expression of their own lives as part of the group so as to gain both an understanding of their actions and the awareness to accept a social recognition of their struggle for life. We will study in particular the interactive autobiography "Kolette". Our work stands within the range of studies carried out in particular by Jurgen Habermas on communicational behaviour, Paul Ricoeur, on the narrative identity, and more generally speaking, the research work in adult training (G. Pineau, M. Finger, M. Fabre. . . ) who looked at life stories and experiential training as proof of a new example in the human sciences covering the junction of hermeneutic, narrativity, and the philosophy of vocal presentation
Gnammankou, Dieudonné. "Histoire des Africains dans la Russie impériale : présence noire, connaissance de l'Afrique et attitudes russes envers les noirs de 1670 à 1917". Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0024.
Texto completoAzmoudeh, Khashayar. "Recherches sur la connaissance illuminative dans la pensée de Sohravardî : Les sources de la doctrine de l'Ishrâq". Paris, EPHE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPHE5015.
Texto completoShihâb al-Dîn Yahyâ Sohravardî, the iranian philosopher of 6th/12th century, is one of the most pre-eminent figures in the history of Islamic philosophy. His philosophical doctrine, called Ishrâq (illumination), is considered as the origin of the renaissance of the platonic heritage in Islamic world. The aim of this study is to analyze the doctrine of the illuminative knowledge, which constitutes the main basis of Sohravardî’s thought, in order to reveal its profound mystical dimension. The philosophical system of Sohravardî is a synthesis of the Neoplatonism, the Gnosticism, the Mazdaism and the Islamic Peripatetism of Fârâbî (4th/10th century) and Avicenna (5th/11th century). The investigations led throughout this work concern some of major themes of the Philosophy of Illumination, such as celestial origin of the soul, the cosmology end the hierarchy of Lights – where the Iranian philosopher employs some important elements of Mazdaean theology -, the faculty of active imagination as instrument of a prophetical type of knowledge, the knowledge “by presence”, the basis of any mystical knowledge, in which the subject and the object become identified, as well as the theme of the illumination of the soul by his conjunction with the Agent Intellect, identified to Saint Spirit or Gabriel. In studying these themes, this work attempts to bring out the complexity of the sohravardian thought, which represents, according to its founder himself, the quintessence of the “Eternal Wisdom” of the Sages of the Ancient Iran and of the Greek philosophers before Aristotle, the Wisdom which would have been transmitted to Muslim Sûfîs and through them to Sohravradî himself
Grosdanis, Christos. "René Girard et Milan Kundera : connaissance du roman". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070031.
Texto completoThis study is about René Girard's and Milan Kundera's essays on the art of the novel. According to these two authors the novel is pre-eminently a source of knowledge. At the first, we attempted to grasp the way in which Kundera and Girard perceive the novel's gnoseological function, as being distinguished, opposed or supplementing to the knowledge within social sciences and philosophy. Secondly, we tried to clarify the prospects that such an idea offers to literary criticism. The dead ends of structuralism and the emergence of the cultural studies force criticism to redefine its own function as well as the function of literature itself. By studying the relations that Girard and Kundera maintain with the literary criticism of the second half of the 20th century, we tried to show that their work can contribute actively to the current debates
Prasad, Jwala. "History of Indian epistemology /". New Delhi : Munshiram Manoharlal publ, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb374688770.
Texto completoFraisse, Geneviève. "La difference des sexes recherches sur une forme de la connaissance". Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0110.
Texto completoThe notion of sexual difference does not belong to an already constituted field of research. In philosophy, it is not recognized as a philosophical object. In the last twenty years, my research's main objective has been the production of the epistemological conditions necessary for the constitution of such a field. Through the history of modern and contemporary feminist thought i have tried to answer questions of definition: the definitions of women's reason, of modern citizenship, of political emancipation. Dealing with the history of thought requires a genealogical reading of modernity: my purpose was to understand how women have been excluded from the res publica in the wake of the french revolution, and then how they have been at the same time included and discriminated against. My reading of modernity clearly shows how difficult it is to give a content to the notion of "equality" of the sexes. My analysis of modernity also allows and calls for an attentive reading of the major philosophers. Such a reading shows how the difference of the sexes intervenes in the very process of philosophical thought: the "women's question" raises interesting stakes for philosophers, while the difference of the sexes appears as an important operator in the dynamic process of the end of metaphysics. Thinking through the difference of the sexes thus becomes a philosophical objective. Western philosophical tradition both shows how eros and love have been used as a way to think about the sexes and, consequently, how philosophy has envisaged the place of sexual difference in its own history. In fact, the difference of the sexes intervenes in two ways in philosophical thought: first as a primal difference through which humanity thinks about itself, and second as a means of exchange within thought itself. For philosophers, sexual difference is thus not an object of thought but rather an origin and a means through which thought is produced
Gherib, Baccar. "Histoire raisonnée et théorie économique chez David Hume et Adam Smith". Paris 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA020075.
Texto completoWe are concerned with the relationship between conjectural history and economic theory in david hume and adam smith, particularly in the wealth of nations. We show, firstly, that hume's radical empiricism implies a conjectural historical approach of social phenomena and that smith's mitigated empiricism (because of the introduction of teleology) implies a natural law approach of social phenomena. We show, secondly, that when applied to the question of the origin and the regulation of society (which is here equivalent to that of justice), these two approaches lead up respectively to a conjectural history of commercial society and to a science of natural laws of economy. Then our problem becomes the following : how to grasp hume's economic analysis in a theoretical construction fundamentally based on conjectural history? and how to grasp smith's conjectural history in a theoretical construction fundamentally based on natural laws? we show, then, that hume's economic analysis is a part of his conjectural history of commercial society and that smith used conjectural history to construct his theory of value and also to introduce to his system of political economy. His history of civil society remains, nevertheless, juxtaposed to his political economy
Chabout-Combaz, Babette. "La théorie de la connaissance historique de G.W. Leibniz : érudition, praxis et matérialité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7065.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to show the epistemological principles of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's schorlarly practices, that he have implemented as a "professional" historian. The work contains three parts. The first one discusses several ways to define the concept of history in Leibniz' thoughts: in the first chapter I justify the use of a practical and scholarly approach to define the leibnizian theory of historical knowledge, then in a second I explore how the historical knowledge is ordered and constituted in historical books; finally in a third one I distinguish between natural history and civil history and try to show what this one is. As God is the only "historian" capable of knowing the true causes of the "factual truths (vérités de fait)", the only thing a historian in his time can do, according to Leibniz, is to find and gather the marks of the past, to order them and show them as if they belong to a theatral scene through which the spectators can perceive the past events and things. As God is the only "historian" capable of knowing the true causes of the "factual truths (vérités de fait)", the only thing a historian in his time can do, according to Leibniz, is to find and gather the marks of the past, to order them and show them as if they belong to a theatral scene through which the spectators can perceive the past events and things. The second part deals with the historical works themselves and what makes them being good enough to belong to the disciplinary field of history. In a first chapter, I discuss the methodological principles of publishing history, and, in a second one, I cover how the paratext (preface, footnotes) of his more ambitious collection of historical sources, namely the Scriptores Rerum Brunsvicensium (1707-1711), justifies its content by staging a form of "critical art". What we see is that the sources are treated differently when edited by on the one hand Leibniz or Eckhart, who are historians, and on the other, by scribes, who have philological training firstly. Historians focus on the history of manuscripts transmission, testimonies, and events, with an approach both educational and erudite; whilst philologists focus on the "materiality" of texts and the history of language. Historical knowledge therefore is a collective knowledge. Finally in the third part I look at the birth of the Leibnizian "ars critica" involved in discriminating in artefacts and texts what is and isn't historical sources. Artefacts in that perspective are matter of new kinds of inquiry, and the question of their status is discussed, that is if they are "auxiliaries" of history or historical themselves
Brouillet, Stéphanie. "Victor Collin de Plancy et la connaissance de la Corée en Occident". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H037.
Texto completo1886 marks the beginning of the diplomatic relationship between France and Korea. Victor Collin de Plancy, french diplomat who began his carrier in China,was appointed first diplomat of France in the long closed to foreign influences "Ermit Kingdom". in 1906, he was the las foreign diplomat to leave Korea after the country became a part of the Japan Empire following the success of the Japanese against Russia in the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905. These 20 years allowed Collin de Plancy to collect informations and korean objects for the French institutions. Most Korean collections held today in French museums (musée national des arts asiatiques Guimet, musée national de la céramique de Sèvres, Bibliothèque nationale de France), can be traced back to his traced. This work analyzes his central role for the knowledge of Korea in the West, presenting his professional, personal and intellectual evolution and the Korea he discovers in 1886, as well as the efforts he made to reveal the country in France from the collects for Parisian Museums to the Korean participation to the 1900 Paris Universal Exhibition. He was also at the centre of a group of friends of Korea from Charles Varat, traveler and collector, to Maurice Courant, first French Koreanologist who wrote a very famous Bibliographie coréenne
Couzinet, Marie-Dominique. "Connaissance des histoires et idéal méthodique dans la Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem de Jean Bodin". Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040052.
Texto completoIn the methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem (1566), bodin grants history the central position in his project of totalyzing knowledge by the means of method. This thesis tries to demonstrate that the application of the methodical tool to history relies on the spatial nature of both method and historic al object. Applying method to history in bodin, results from an evolution which we may characterize as a gradual identification of history and method anf as transfer of method from law to history. Within this process, the geographical reference plays an essential part. This thesis shows how bodin finds in polybius a model for a geographical unifying of history, on the scale if the inhabited world, a unifying which he extends from roman to universal history, according to a process similar to that already used in passing from roman to universal law. He also finds in alexandrine geography a model for an order of methodical reading. Thus, bodin contributes to studying the place of the spatial concept in the encyclopeadia of knoxledge and to determine the points on which it served as a model for a conception of historical knowledge and the representation of time
Mille, Marylène. "Connaissance et croissance économique : le rôle économique des universités". Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0086.
Texto completoThe objective is to study the contribution of universities to the process of growth and their implication in the development of their territory of reception. A model of general balance revitalized with endogenous growth by accumulation of knowledge in a public university system was built. It evokes the possibility of a positive effect on the growth, but on condition that it is not counterbalanced by a rate of too much raised financing. A confrontation of the results obtained with the facts observed in the French case revealed a globally positive correlation. We estimated the impact of universities on the local development. A method of modelling of the effects of the externalities of academic knowledge, within the framework of an endogenous growth model localized with public policy, was proposed. Then, we analyzed concretely the ways by which a university can join economically on its territory of reception
Keucheyan, Razmig. "Les limites de la construction sociale : les théories constructivistes en question". Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040139.
Texto completoConstructivism is one of the main paradigms in contemporary social science. It is also one of the most controversials. This thesis aims to understand the genesis of constructivism, to discuss some of its arguments, and to analyse the reasons of its success. Two empirical researches have been conducted. The first took place at the Centre de sociologie de l'innovation, a constructivist research unit directed by Bruno Latour and Michel Callon. The purpose of this research was to analyse the cognitive norms that underly constructivism. We show that these norms are different from those underlying other sociological paradigms, and that they explain part of constructivism's specificity. The second research concerned the Internet-based fan communities of a movie called The Matrix. The directors of this movie claim to have been influenced by the constructivist philosopher Jean Baudrillard. Based on the data obtained, we try to understand the reasons why constructivism has had success among non-sociologists
Dupuis-Mc, Donald Grégorie. "Entre logique et histoire : la place du contexte de découverte en philosophie des sciences". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33852.
Texto completoBraun, Guido. "La connaissance du droit public allemand en France de la paix de Westphalie au Renversement des alliances (1643-1756)". Paris 4, 2006. http://proxy.scd.univ-tours.fr/login?url=http://www.degruyter.com/view/product/232006?rskey=v7uzHI.
Texto completoThis book analyzes the way French statesmen, diplomats, jurists and historians thought about the Holy Roman Empire during the period that extends from the peace congress of Westphalia to the Renversement des alliances (1643–1756). The main subject of the study is their knowledge of German public law. It pays particular attention to translations as a source of historical knowledge, given that the French versions of German fundamental laws and of the international treaties signed in Latin by France and the Emperor can be used like a seismograph showing the translators’ interpretation of the German constitution. The study also analyzes French books and memorandums on German law and history, demonstrating that the French foreign policy towards Germany was an application of an already acquired constitutional knowledge as well as a source of new knowledge. Furthermore, it pays attention to the role of Alsace in the process of the transfer of knowledge and, from the point of view of an entangled history, to the way in which Germans themselves judged French knowledge of German public law. In the course of the study, it becomes clear that the French notion of the Empire, for all its heterogeneity and complexity (which historiography has neglected so far), appropriately referred to the Empire as a federal state combining monarchical and aristocratic elements. Thus the French authors developed a terminology which could properly describe the institutions and functions of the Empire’s constitution, thereby contributing to the rise of French as a diplomatic language. In this process the Alsatians and the Germans living in France played a leading role as cultural mediators
Quérini, Nicolas. "De la connaissance de soi au devenir soi : Platon-Nietzsche". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAC019.
Texto completoWhile criticizing the Western morality anchored, according to him, in the Delphic sentence “Know yourself”, Nietzsche develops for his part an imperative which is, in our opinion, the natural and necessary extension of the self-knowledge. It is, therefore, from the injunction to become oneself that he operates the criticism of morality itself resulting from the invitation to self-knowledge. It is not, however, a question of reducing the Nietzsche an ethics of becoming-self to the way in which one can understand this syntagm in Plato. The use that Nietzsche proposes of it is indeed, in our opinion, quite singular. It cannot be denied, however, that it also did not come out of nothing and that Nietzsche first draws lessons from Pindar, who reinterprets himself the Delphic sentence, when he writes “Becomeas you have learned to know youself”. We therefore think that Nietzsche recovers Pindar’s formula beyond Plato, to criticize the latter and, through him, the whole philosophy which made self knowledge the departure of ethics. But we would therefore also try to do justice to Plato, since his philosophy actually frees the possibility of becoming ourself
Cortes, Frédéric. "Apport des études d'observation dans la connaissance de l'histoire naturelle de la maladie d'alzheimer et de ses facteurs d'évolutivité". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30002.
Texto completoA better understanding of the evolution of Alzheimer's disease is a major issue in current research. Prospective observational studies allow us to study the evolution of the disease and the factors associated with this evolution in more general populations than in clinical trials. Our work analysed data obtained in two French observational studies and results suggest a positive influence of specific medication and adapted management on the evolution of the disease and a real effectiveness of acetylcholine esterase inhibitors treatments. Results also show that the deterioration of the nutritional status or the occurrence of weight loss are risk factors for an accelerated decline whereas the existence of a family history of dementia does not influence the progression of the disease
Cesaro, Pascal. "Le documentaire comme mode de production d'une connaissance partagée : recherche et développement d'une stratégie de réalisation". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10019.
Texto completoHaguenauer, Christiane. "Comprendre par les cycles. . . Et les cycles pour apprendre ou le concept de cycle, indicateur de la connaissance, des sciences de la nature a l'écologie forestière". Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10402.
Texto completoFugier, Pascal. "Dits et écrits de sociologues et d'apprentis sociologues : histoire de vie et prise de positions sociologiques". Besançon, 2010. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01682100.
Texto completoFrom a body of sociological writings, interviews and life stories, we study the family resemblances, affinities of style but also the inconsistencies, contradictions or even unspoken passing between, one hand, experiences biographical of "apprentices sociologists’’ and their respective supervisors and, on the other hand, their research experiences and sociological stances. We put in evidence the fact that dispositions (ethnographic, scholastic. . . ) are interposed between these two forms of experience, structuring and mediating their reciprocal influences. Correspondingly, we argue that registers of identification (symbolic, imaginary and real) also circulate between the history of life of (apprentices) sociologists and their sociological stances. So, these registers of identification can be translated into various dispositions (critical, skeptical and paranoid), which structured also forms of subjugation (for which the sociologist can be a subject of "Other of culture" and "culture of narcissism "or its sociohistorical situation). However, these registers can also participate in the event of their subjectivity. Moreover, this research reveals that various epistemological tensions between teachers 'established' and 'outsiders' of the section studied, especially based on their dispositional differences. The process by which apprentice sociologists incorporate this configuration and meet his professorial figures (symbolic and imaginary) may take the form of gradual entry into an "order of discourse"
Parel, Véronique. "La richesse comme objet de connaissance scientifique : de la mesure de la valeur à l'analyse du travail dans la pensée économique de William Petty". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010015.
Texto completoIn the seventeenth century, in England, in a baconinian scientific background, wealth is becoming a subject of scientific knowledge. After having exposed the social economic and intellectuel background of this period, this thesis proposes a reading of William Petty's books. These one are based on the measure of national wealth and on natural laws which should be applied to increase it. The concept of intrinsick value, natural price, extrinsick value and political price, and also the thiking on the standard of measure of value (based upon the par land - labour) ought to be understood in relation with this question of measure of national wealth. So that petty is not willing to associate directly - as classicals and neo-classicals do - the analysis of prices and the determination of the rules of exchange. Lit has been showed also that the notion of surplus, and the thiking on labour as well are understood in a very specific way, which prevent to present petty as a precursor of classical thought
Sfaxi, Intissar. "Contribution à la connaissance de la langue libyque : l'apport de l'onomastique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3046.
Texto completoStarting from the observation that there are inventories and comprehensive onomastic tools for the other linguistic spheres represented in ancient North Africa (Punic, Latin), my goal has been to develop a comparable instrument for the Libyan sphere which would bring together materials and provide a linguistic and etymological study as systematic as possible. In the vast field of onomastics, my research has focused primarily on anthroponomy, ethnonymy, and to a lesser extent on theonymy. It has been postulated that the onomastic materials could shed some light on the libycal language as the largely studied names are indigenous terms whose authenticity is beyond question. The linguistic and etymological analysis of onomastic data from epigraphic and historical sources provides an immediate access to the Libycal language. The materials of our work cover all of Ancient North Africa, which enables us to offer a global vision. Assembled, annotated and analyzed documentation is the basis for an onomastic corpus (Onosmasticon libycum), which currently has 636 lexical bases, and authorizes a number of sociolinguistic considerations on the Libyco-Punic and Libyco-Roman worlds. Linguistically speaking, the study of the onomastic corpus allows for both a set of useful information for lexical and grammatical history of the language, and a precise set of data relating to the ancient linguistic situation. The examination of the Libycal onomastic data and its results constitute a first approach to the Libycal language and a starting point and working basis which could be developed in future research
Cavazzini, Andrea. "Lo statuto del racconto nella storiografia contemporanea". Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0129.
Texto completoThe present work is a science-theoretical study about a number of contemporary historians (Marc Bloch, Georges Duby, Ariette Farge, Carlo Ginzburg); it aims to delineate a symptomathological approach to techniques of archives' reading. The aforementioned approach consists in detecting within the "lapsus" of narrative sources, the traces of historical reality the archive can neither see nor think because of its relationship with social powers and institutions. This viewpoint enables the analysis of many historical works to deal with such themes as the relationship between past and présent, between historical knowledge and affects, between historians and power, between narration an reality, between cultures and singularities
Brassat, Emmanuel. "Education, apprentissage et connaissance : la formation des idées pédagogiques". Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100030/document.
Texto completoSince the beginning of human sciences at the end of the eighteenth century, scientific pedagogy and psychology were founded conjointly around questions of the development and learning activity in childhood. The ideas of activity, development and learning have allowed to establish the empiricist hypothesis of a psychogenesis of mental faculties that would be proven naturally by the successive phases of childhood. The movements of New Education, stemming from the philosophical and pedagogical theses expounded in Rousseau’s Emile in 1762 have provided the ideal of a negative education founded on the activity of the child as spontaneous expression of his vital and spiritual forces with its practical dimension. It is in the intertwinent of a metaphysics of activity, a liberal and humanist conception of education, an emancipatory rationality, and pedagogical psycho-physiological perpectives marked increasingly by evolutionism and utilitarianism, that the principal paradigms of contemporary pedagogies were born : sensualist, vitalist, pragmatic, functionalist, and finaly constructivist. In the vein of M. Foucault this thesis proposes an archeological and genealogical analysis of the philosophical and epistemological apparatus or ”dispositives” that, converging and diverging, made the formation of these pedagogies possible. It seems that Rousseau did not only write the program of their deployment, but also anticipated the contradictions that the latter would encounter during the subsequent institutional crisis of modernity
Marx, Elisabeth. "Implication et connaissance : discussion sur la contradiction entre deux logiques : pour une autre éducation et une autre histoire des rapports Nord-Sud". Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080866.
Texto completoOriental thought puts man in the centre of the learning process since about 26 century. Theorie of involvement is here looked upon like a bridge in beetween occident and "others" cultures. It is first puted into action in the wandering diary opening the thesis ; larges extracts will be found all along the work. The central part consider the verdict found by hegel against oriental philosophy. Under the form of a trial unstituted against hegel for interfering with people freedom, dialectic is confronted with oriental ternary wich inspired the philosoph quite a lote. The principle of partaken is then investigated in hopi culture, under the light of recent discovery in astrophysique. The last part puts the theorie of involvement in relation with self-knowledge process as practiced in orient. Beyond the dispute on the contradiction beetween two logics, this thesis suggests an epistemological openning of the learning for others cultures knowledge and wanders about content of what is teached in scools and university
Gros, Frédéric. "Théorie de la connaissance et histoire des savoirs dans les écrits de Michel Foucault : de l'Histoire de la folie à L'Archéologie du savoir". Paris 12, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA120053.
Texto completoIn this thesis, i tried do treat michel foucault like a philosopher, and to settle his work in a philosophical tradition. The first part emphazies the marxism weight in the young foucault's philosophical education and builds e reading of the second thesis about kant's anthropology. A precise examen leads me to recognize the importance of the <> in the archeological analysis. From these first results i tried to show how the three big archeologies (histoire de la folie, naissance de la clinique, les mots et les choses) ela borate a transcendantal dimension in a problematic relationschip with history. These archeologies are always followed by texts about litterature where foucault finds the experience of origin which stake the phenomenological synthesis wich were his starting points. Reflecting, from a fundamental point of view, the notion of a history of truth, thel last part studies four points : meaning, shape, object, subject. Finally, it's about the very notion of origin that foucault's nietzscheism is going to burst, imposing a definitive incompatibility with every phenomenological approach
Riopel, Marc. "L'historien et le milieu : réflexions sur l'application de l'histoire : la publication d'une synthèse historique sur le Témiscamingue". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28575.
Texto completoPichevin, Bernard. "L'apport des généalogies à la connaissance de l'histoire de Tahiti et des îles de la société : exemple de la descendance d'ancêtres prestigieux". Paris, INALCO, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INAL0007.
Texto completoBased on a set of Society island genealogies, this study aims at improving our knowledge of the past of that islands by putting together these genealogies with other available historical materials. It deals first with a far-off ancestor of Leeward Islands, Hiro, and with the different lines of his descent, replacing the principal known individuals of each of them in the historical framework available elsewhere. One can see a general great coherence of genealogies presented; they allow a better understanding of events which occurred shortly before and during the era of contacts with the early european navigators. A final chapter is devoted to some great families of Windward Islands. Unfortunately, their genealogies are not traced back to a common ancestor, as it is the case for those of Windward Islands. Nevertheless, matrimonial unions among these families, and with Windward Islands ones, enlighten on events related by early european navigators
Moderno, João Ricardo Carneiro. "Art et contradiction : histoire critique de la philosophie de l'art : les conceptions de l'oeuvre dans ses rapports à la réalité, à la connaissance, aux valeurs, etc". Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010528.
Texto completoThe main object of this work was to build, from Plato to Theodor W. Adorno, the whole historical group of the aesthetic contradiction. We selected significative moments in the philosophical history of art or aesthetic, to constitute a coherent group. The interest of this critical work is centered at the theoretical action, to isolate the aesthetical contradiction, and to know its way through the centuries, its particularities, and its political implications. In many cases, one can only understand the aesthetical contradiction depending on the categories of taste, creative imagination, genius, reason, etc. Since the aesthetical contradiction concept was not only absolute contradiction work, we include differences, non-contradictions, conciliations, etc. This research starts from the assumption that there is an interior history, aiming at conceptual unity: Plato, Diderot, Goethe, Schiller, Schelling, Hegel, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Adorno, among others
Marikandia, Louis. "Contribution à la connaissance des Vezo du Sud-Ouest de Madagascar histoire et société de l'espace littoral du Fiherena au XVIIIe et au XIXe siècles /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615736q.
Texto completoCasonato, Osvaldo. "Les obstacles dans la recherche et dans l'enseignement à la connaissance du support moléculaire de l'"information" génétique : propositions d'une nouvelle méthode d'enseignement des sciences de la vie". Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070102.
Texto completoThe thesis examines obstacles to the creation and the acquisition of knowledge in both the teaching and the actual practice of genetic molecular research. To overcome pedagogical obstacles in french biology textbooks, we put forward several proposals to renovate the teaching of the sciences. Based on our conclusions, we propose a new style of teaching and a new type of manual for the life sciences
Eychenne, Bertrand. "Le Colegio Militar de Bogota (1848-1884). La mise en place d'un enseignement supérieur scientifique et technique après l'indépendance de la Colombie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS176.
Texto completoAs Colombia becomes emancipated from the Spanish Crown in 1819, it has to strengthen its independence and is thus faced with a number of obstacles which come in the way of a stable scientific and technical education. By taking into account this postcolonial context and by focusing on the Colegio Militar of Bogota, a school of civil and military engineering between 1848 and 1884, this study describes the process which led to the foundation of such teachings and follows its evolution during the second half of the 19th century. The influence of power proves to be constant at the time and brings out such specificities as its mixed education curriculum, military and civil, its quest for utility or the absence of a selection process. Furthermore, the study of its curriculum reveals how its institutional vision influenced by party ideology shows through the teachings. It also demonstrates the ability of the various players to alter, at their level, this curriculum and manages to establish the continuity of its history despite the heterogeneity of their actions. Similarly, the analysis of the scientific and technical notions conveyed by this curriculum illustrates how, by adapting to the context, the diffusion of knowledge comes with scientific production. The decentralization entailed by our study leads us to consider the issue of transfer of knowledge, by showing how the study of an educational institution allows to tackle these mechanisms in their complexity. These circulations will be considered on different levels, locally with the regulating function of the school in the educational field, within the South American continent and toward the main hubs of scientific production in Europe and North America. Finally, this study sheds some light on the constitution and emergence of a professional group in Colombia namely, civil engineers, which is tightly linked to that of science teachers. By following the trail of former students of the Colegio Militar, we become acquainted with the strategies they adopt to ensure that both their profession and the right to practise it is acknowledged
Roger, Julia. "Descartes et ses livres : l'édition comme geste philosophique". Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN1027.
Texto completoThe present work finds its origins in the lack of interest of Descartes for the books. This lack of interest stems from the vanity of likely knownledges they convey and their materiality which prevent the reader to grab the truth they could hold. This lack of personal interest of Descartes for the book as an object is an epistemological condemnation which takes place at the heart of a critique of authority: What makes authority for knowing the truth? Can a media such as the book be used to teach true philosophy? What is an author and what is a book? The present work aims at questionning these subjects through the prism of publishing. The study of Descartes books editorial properties is at the core of this thesis and allows to understand how Descartes, a disappointed reader, was so much involved in the publishing of his works: Discours de la méthode, Meditationes de prima philosophia, Principia philosophiae, Specimina philosophiae and Passions de l’âme
Barraband, Mathilde. "Pierre Bergounioux, François Bon : la connaissance à l'oeuvre : essai d'histoire littéraire et de poétique historique". Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030045.
Texto completoThis thesis compares the literary projects of two French writers, who began to publish in the 1980s : Pierre Bergounioux, born in 1949, and François Bon, born in 1953. The project encompasses the entirety of their already substantial works without any temporal or genre limitations. These brothers in literature share the same conception of literary writing as a tool for the exploration and even organization of a world which is still awaiting a language and a representation of its own. Based on similar projects, each of the two works grew in a unique manner, finding solutions sometimes similar sometimes divergent, but always questioning literature’s relationship to knowledge. Our purpose is to capture from the perspective of literary history and historical poetics the dynamics of the two works, to compare them, but also to situate them in the literary and cultural landscape of the late twentieth and early twenty first centuries. Our survey covers three steps : the intellectual, political and literary initiation (end of the 60s-beginning of the 80s), the first published novels (the 1980s), the diversification of genres (90s to the present day)
Noël, Patrick Michel. "Épistémologie, histoire et historiens : considérations conceptuelles, méthodologiques et empiriques autour du discours que les historiens tiennent sur leur savoir". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25426.
Texto completoIn conjunction with the recent – and not so recent – reflections on the relation between epistemology – understood here in its restricted meaning of philosophy of sciences – and history that focus on the history of epistemology, the epistemology of history, and the place of history in epistemology or historical epistemology, this thesis proposes to examine the place of epistemology in history or historian epistemology, namely the discourse (logos) that historians hold on their knowledge (episteme). Both ignored by proponents of historical epistemology and by philosophers interested in the epistemology of history, historian epistemology is the blind spot of the reflection on the relation between epistemology and history. Two interrelated objectives structure this thesis: enrich the dialectical understanding between epistemology and history – the general objective – by highlighting the discursive relation that historians have with their knowledge, historian epistemology – the particular objective. We do not attempt ourselves to elucidate the nature of history as disciplinary knowledge, but to examine, under the rubric of a meta-epistemology of history, the elucidation of it made alternately by philosophers, but also and mainly by historians through the discourse they hold on their knowledge – their epistemology. Our argument is divided into three parts in order to better define the general and particular objectives above-mentioned. They offer conceptual, methodological and empirical sketches through which, on the one hand, we examine the dialectic between epistemology and history and what we see as its blind spot, the historian epistemology (I) and, on the other hand, we define a methodology (II) to identify, through a documented study anchored in the Quebec disciplinary field of history, the reflexive resources of historians (III). The study of these resources calls into question the traditional caricatured representation of the historian as a hopeless empiricist and, therefore, the highly prevalent conviction that the historian is formed and asserts himself only by the execution of his know-how. We conclude this thesis by highlighting the importance of historian epistemology in disciplinary socialization and the key place its study should have in the historian training that should not be reduced to a learning-on-the-job process.
Boukra, Liess. "De la crise de la sociologie au problème de son objet". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212881.
Texto completoMarikandia, Louis. "Contribution à la connaissance des Vezo du Sud-Ouest de Madagascar : histoire et société de l'espace littoral du Fiherena au dix-huitième et au dix-neuvième siècles". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010545.
Texto completoCavoura, Théodora. "Modalités de l'appropriation de la connaissance historique : représentations de la causalité, du possible et du nécessaire, du hasard, de la cause, et de l'interaction chez les élèves de l'enseignement secondaire". Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070035.
Texto completoThe purpose of this research lies over the study of the comprehension and appropriation of historical knowledge. Four focuses were respectively followed : about the causal attribution, the representation of the possible and the necessary, the natural categorisations of the notions cause and contingent, and the representations of interaction. The different modalities of causality : statical causality, accident causality, interventionnist causality elaborated by a groupe of students of the 3rd, 2nd and last term about the beginning of the French revolution, were highlighted on how these were represented in a world of a texte concerning this event and the cognitive processes used for the comprehension of this texte. The study of the organisation of these students reasonings about the inevitability of the French revolution has elucidated the modalities of the destructuration of the necessary at the first. The hypothesis launched about the representations of the probable and unforceable action introduce the construction of the possible and the detachement of the retrospective fatality. Observing the natural definitions produced by these students to give sense to the notions of cause and contingent, we highlighted various cognitive-discursive strategies : metaphors, analogies, metonymies, constructions by prototypes, by temporal and fonctional proprieties, by operating attributes, and a variety of representations of these notions
Lémonon, Isabelle. "La Savante des Lumières françaises, histoire d’une persona : pratiques, représentations, espaces et réseaux". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0086.
Texto completoThis research brings together women’s history and the history of science on the roles of women in science during the French Enlightenment (1715-1815). The aim is not only to identify women’s modes of action in the eighteenth century and to ascertain the knowledge these women mastered and produced, but also to analyze the dynamics of the circulation networks of this knowledge. In order to avoid confining these women to presumptively defined roles, which are often present-day categories, it is the scientific practices that guide this study, rather than a disciplinary or “professional” approach. Due to the fact that few archival traces of these women exist in scholarly institutions, the reconstruction of their itineraries is based on a biographical approach. This history “from below” of the persona of the Enlightenment Savante sheds light on some of these women’s participation in scientific production, considered as an enterprise with its different actors, its division of labor, its hierarchies, its economy, etc. For example, the career path of Marie-Louise Dupiéry (1746-1830) reveals the daily organization of scholarly work in the astronomy workshop of Jérôme Lalande (1732-1807), and thus contributes to the writing of the history of these invisible technicians. This research also challenges the common periodization of the Age of Enlightenment, which presents the Revolution as the tipping or breaking point between eighteenth and nineteenth century practices and epistemology
Delluc, Claire. "Les pays arctiques du continent américain : histoire d'un savoir géographique jusqu'à l'aube du XXe siècle". Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010631.
Texto completoThe investigation of the history of the geographical knowledge of the American artic lasted for 4 years. It was surely too short, considering how complex the topics to be discovered were. Which steps the western thought had to go by to integrate the nordic immensity which seemed so strange to it. I thus went back to the first echoes we heard of : "the heroic times" - throughout fifteen hundred years, few names of those times paved the way to exploration. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the west had a certain knowledge of the accross- the-seas lands. The people and their leaders were seized by a strong curiosity : the way to cathay's land brought the european leadership to its discoverer. Through the 17th and 18th centuries, the map of the artic world was set up, as expeditions succeeded one another, the english and the french fight but the perception of another world is born. The map technics improve, sailing and the ships improve. Important names of discoverers are found throughout the 19th century. Thanks to the technical means of the 20th century, the big north is no longer unknown, including Alaska and Labrador
Rey, Christine. "État des connaissances médicales au XVIIIème siècle". Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON11147.
Texto completoKontouma, Vassa. "La "Source de connaissance" de S. Jean Damascène : traduction annotée des livres I (Dialectica) et III (Expositio de fide orthodoxa)". Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040222.
Texto completoMy doctoral dissertation deals with the most important work of John of Damascus (ca. 650-ca. 750), which is best known under the title of "the fount of knowledge". The main lines of my research are as follows : I. Translation into French of the entire text of the Dialectica and the Expositio de fide orthodoxa, based on the critical edition of the Greek text by B. Kotter, Die Schriften des Johannes von Damaskos, I & II (patristische texte und studien 7 & 12), Berlin-New York, 1969-1973. Ii. Critical study of John of Damascus' philosophical and theological sources: (i) comparison of the dialectica with syro-palestinian philosophical texts of the 6th and 7th centuries; (2) philological and historical study of the relations between the Expositio and ps. -cyrils' de ss. Trinitate, this author being identified with Joseph the Philosopher (d. 1330); (3) examination of the place taken by the dogmatical florilegium doctrina patrum de incarnatione verbi in John of Damascus' work. Iii. Historical and doctrinal commentary of the dialectica and the Expositio. The dissertation ends with an analytical Greek-French index and a complete bibliography
Sierra, David. "Les sociologies de la connaissance de Norbert Elias & Günter Dux comme outils (re) constructifs du concept de psychogenèse : pour une critique socio-historique de la notion de « nature créatrice »". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH012/document.
Texto completoThis work proposes a set of socio and psychogenetic analyzes, based on the sociologies of knowledge of Norbert Elias and Günter Dux, on the consequences that arise from the use of primary causes in the explanation of the phenomena of the world. Our challenge, in general terms, has been to make visible that the structure of logic, as a product of psychogenetic processes, has led in the past of our societies to invest primary causes of subjective characteristics, when it has not been reorganized into systemic terms by modernity’s sociogenetic transformations. The concept of "nature", forged and used by philosophy and naturalism in eighteenth-century Germany, is a clear example. We illustrate through our analyzes that, due to the structure of logic, "nature" was "creative" in the world view of the members of the German society of the time, that is to say, an entity with intentionality and ability to act.At the crossroads of historico-genetical epistemology and the sociology of knowledge, the inquiry begins with the place of the concept of "nature" in the philosophical systems of Emmanuel Kant and Johann Herder, in order to find its subjectivist foundation and the limitations it imposed, at the time, to the construction of a secular explanation of the mind. Then, in a second step, we illustrate some important transformations in the structure of logic, as much in the nineteenth-century biological and psychological theory as in the psychology and sociology of the twentieth century, leading to the systemic exploration of cognition through the concept of "psychogenesis". These clarifications establish the possibility, in our opinion, of considering the construction of scientific models whose aim, among other things, is to overcome the opposition "nature / culture" which affects today the theory of knowledge
Neves, José Alberto Pinho. "História do Brasil de Murilo Mendes: travessia para o conhecimento". Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2016. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/7002.
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HISTÓRIA DO BRASIL DE MURILO MENDES: travessia para o conhecimento diligencia análise à concisa história pátria muriliana, autêntica criação do Modernismo brasileiro, resumida em poesias satíricas e humorísticas, escritas por Murilo Mendes, em 1932, instante de inquietações políticas e culturais no Brasil, pormenorizando estudo sobre a presença do Modernismo e intelectualidade carioca no movimento de formação da identidade nacional e da Nação, nas décadas de 1920 e 1930, observando, em máxime, o caráter de coadjuvante do poeta juiz-forano e do livro História do Brasil, empreendendo responder: que compreensões de história e educação podem ser depreendidas do livro História do Brasil, de Murilo Mendes? De caráter bibliográfico e documental, esta investigação resulta da inquirição dos sentidos possíveis da retórica da história muriliana do Brasil:a interpretação da história atravessada pela dimensão da ironia, compreendendo ironia como potente elemento de insurreição à históriografia oficial, a averiguação das múltiplas temporalidades como vetor de crítica ao presente e, a verificação da história observada de baixo por outros protagonistas, às vezes marginalizados pela história canônica; que conferem à História inovada vitalidade, instituindo-lhe outra perspectiva de exteriorização do tempo que lhe é contemporâneo.
HISTOIRE DU BRÉSIL DE MURILO MENDES: traversée vers la connaissance fait une analyse concise de l'histoire de la patrie murilienne, authentique création du Modernisme brésilien, résumée en poésies satyriques et humoristiques, écrites par Murilo Mendes, en 1932, moment de plusieurs inquiétations politiques et culturelles au Brésil en détaillant l'étude de la présence du modernisme et de l'intellectualité "carioca", c'est-à-dire, de la ville de Rio de Janeiro, dans le mouvement de formation de I'identité nationale et de la Nation, dans les décennies 1920 et 1930. Nous observons surtout le caractère de collaborateur du poète de Juiz de Fora et de son livre Histoire du Brésil, dans le but de répondre à la question qui suit: Quelles compréhensions d'histoire et d'éducation peuvent être extraites du livre Histoire du Brésil, de Murilo Mendes? De caractère bibliographique et documental, cette investigation découle de la vérification des sens possibles de la rhétorique de l'histoire du Brésil de Murilo Mendes: l'interprétation de l'histoire traversée par la dimension de l'ironie, ironie vue comme un puissant élément d'insurrection à l'historiographie officielle, la vérification des multiples temporalités comme vecteur de critique du temps présent et la vérification de 1' histoire repérée du dessous par d'autres protagonistes quelquefois marginalisés par l'histoire canonique confèrent à l'Histoire une vitalité renovée en lui procurant une autre perspective d'extériorisation du temps qui lui est contemporain.