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1
Nasri, Imed. "Développement d'une méthodologie d'ordonnancement/optimisation adaptée aux systèmes industriels de type HVLV (High-Variety, Low-Volume)". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831002.
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Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse portent sur la conception d'une méthodologie d'ordonnancement/optimisation pour les systèmes de production à grande variété de produits et faible densité de flux appelés systèmes HVLV (High-Variety, LowVolume). Les caractéristiques de ces systèmes nous permettent d'appréhender la représentation des flux y circulant par un modèle discret. Le comportement discontinu des systèmes HVLV peut être caractérisé par la connaissance des dates de début et de fin des activités de production. L'algèbre (max, +) est utilisée pour représenter ce type de systèmes où les relations entre les dates de début des activités nécessitent l'utilisation des opérateurs maximum et addition. Afin d'utiliser l'algèbre (max, +) pour l'ordonnancement des systèmes HVLV, il est indispensable de résoudre un problème de conflit et d'optimisation sous contraintes dans cette algèbre. D'abord, nous avons développé dans ces travaux de recherche un modèle d'ordonnancement (max, +) pour les systèmes HVLV dans lequel des variables de décision ont été introduites afin de résoudre le problème de conflit entre les opérations exécutées sur les machines. Ensuite, nous avons amélioré le modèle proposé pour tenir compte de la maintenance préventive. Deux types de maintenance ont été considérés : Maintenance Périodique Répétitive (MPR) et Maintenance Flexible Périodique (MFP). Dans les deux cas, un problème d'ordonnancement non-linéaire sous contraintes a été résolu afin de minimiser certains critères de performance. Enfin, la méthodologie proposée a été validée par simulation, sur des systèmes HVLV complexes de type job-shop.
2
Lindley, Richard Jason. "Just-In-Time in high variety/low volume manufacturing environments". Thesis, De Montfort University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4245.
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Narayanan, Mukund. "HYBRID FLOW STRATEGIES FOR HIGH VARIETY LOW VOLUME MANUFACTURING FACILITIES TO IMPLEMENT FLOW AND PULL". UKnowledge, 2002. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/366.
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Lean Manufacturing has proven to be a very successful strategy for achieving production efficiencies. The basic elements of lean manufacturing are flow and pull. The traditional methods for establishing flow and pull do not fit well in the realm of high variety low volume manufacturing systems. This thesis provides a general framework for establishing flow and pull in high variety low volume manufacturing systems, through the concept of hybrid flow layouts. The existing analytical procedure for forming hybrid flow layouts is described and a new heuristic procedure, that overcomes some of the limitations of the existing procedure, is proposed. The performance of the new procedure in comparison to the existing procedure is illustrated using a real world case study. Finally, certain practical implementation issues that affect the formation of hybrid flow layouts are provided.
4
Moyo, Yamkelani. "A FUNCTION-BASED APPROACH TO ESTABLISHING STANDARDIZATION AND FLEXIBLE WORK CELLS FOR HIGH-VARIETY, LOW-VOLUME MANUFACTURING". UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/370.
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Certain types of high-variety, low-volume manufacturing operations employ clusters of machines to execute general classes of operations in the manufacture of their product mix, but those operations differ significantly from job to job. Consequently operations are not standardized and batch and queue operational strategies are employed with all attendant shortcomings. However, closer examination reveals that these operations largely consist of a small number of elemental machine functions that are exercised in various combinations. The functions provide a basis to for defining richly descriptive standardized work at the individual process level using parameters to distinguish the unique settings and characteristics for processing a given job. Moreover, it appears the pareto principle applies to functional sequences, and high frequency sequences can be used to establish system level production engineering issues, including facility layout, process interfacing, and cellular standard work routines that achieve flow and labor balance in a flexible manner for the majority of products. This approach is demonstrated using and industrial case study.
5
Wanyan, Yaqi. "Expert system design guide for lower classification roads over high PI clays". To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Parry, David (David Michael). "Supply chain management for low-volume, high-variation manufacturing". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112067.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 64).
This thesis introduces a low-volume, high variation manufacturing company that is experiencing issues managing its supply chain. Issues include lack of process ownership, poor requirements flow down to vendors, and an ineffective supplier selection process. This example uses a systematic approach for addressing re-occurring problems related to supply chain management. The premise underlying the approach exemplifies that modem process improvement techniques such a Lean Manufacturing boast large efficiency gains in operations, but fail to address pre-operation process issues such as supplier selection based on capability alignment. By breaking down the current condition, issues within the current process and their associated root causes were identified. These included: inadequate internal processes, lack of access to information on supplier capabilities, and responsibility ambiguity. Corrective actions and countermeasures to these root causes such as: defined roles for the supplier selection process; a Supplier Capability Matrix; and internal requirements for supplier selection serve as a basis for a redesigned process. This results in a target condition that differs from the current in organizational structure, internal process requirements for supplier selection, and fewer non-conformance identified at incoming inspection. This thesis also provides a proposal for transitioning towards the target condition via an incremental implementation. This process utilizes the scientific method as a methodology for incorporating new processes, and to validate their effectiveness on the overall system in a step by step fashion. Verification of improvement can serve as a business case for additional change and implementation. This case study of a small electronics manufacturing company demonstrates the method in practical application. Results suggest that application is best suited for organizations that are looking to optimize their supply chain by reducing the risk of receiving non-conforming, or unusable material from their suppliers. The approach for identifying process issues, determining root causes, and implementing countermeasures provides a robust example for process improvement efforts.
by David Parry.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Schwenke, Richard Clemens. "A flexible assembly system for low volume and high diversity production". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50556.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, June 2009."August 2008." Page 120 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 119).
This thesis project seeks to optimize floor layouts for semiconductor equipment assembly operations. The assembly of semiconductor equipment is characterized by low volume and high product diversity and complexity. Demand for semiconductor equipment is highly periodic and often shifts rapidly from one type of semiconductor equipment to the other. Thus, the goal is to develop an assembly system that easily handles high part counts per assembly and facilitates material management, but at the same time allows reacting to changes in demand quickly and efficiently. Lead time and floor space usage are further metrics that are considered. Capturing the current state of the floor layout in a 3D drawing software and documenting important aspects of current operations is the first step towards achieving those goals. Current assembly operations consist of the build of subassemblies in dedicated cells and the final assembly of machines in dedicated build lines. That is, each type of product is assembled in a specific area and the required inventory is stored within these areas. In order to increase production flexibility, reduce inventory levels, and to lower floor space usage, a new assembly system is developed. This system features consolidated inventory for both the build of subassemblies and final assembly. It is proposed that technicians pull parts for subassemblies by driving with a cart and attached foam cut-outs as part trays through an inventory aisle. This aisle accommodates inventory for all subassemblies, which is currently stored within approximately 20 cells spread over the production floor.
(cont.) Subsequently, technicians drive these carts to generic workbenches and start assembly. Using generic, standardized workbenches rather than dedicated workbenches boosts flexibility and efficiency. Parts for the final assembly would be kitted for each machine by material handlers on movable racks. This allows building any type of machine in any area of the production floor. A block system is proposed to decouple assembly of different machines and to enable easy management of assembly operations. A floor layout based on these ideas is developed. Finally, a pilot proposal is developed to serve as a stepping stone towards full scale implementation and this proposal is in part physically implemented.
by Richard Clemens Schwenke.
M.Eng.
8
Gates, Matthew David 1973. "Lean manufacturing system design and value stream management in a high-mix, low-volume environment". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34746.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 156).
Value Stream Mapping is a powerful tool for identifying sources of waste and for creating the vision for the future state of a production system. As a management tool, however, it lacks in specific focus of roles, responsibilities, and actions required to achieve the future state vision. The limitations become more evident and the problems of execution become exacerbated when multiple value stream projects are launched with limited human resources available. This thesis describes a set of management tools to complement Value Stream Mapping. The tools are expected to improve management visibility and accountability. The design of a lean production system is also proposed in this thesis. The lean production system includes a newly designed layout for the manufacturing cell as well as the "operating system" for the cell. The layout is based on the principles of cellular manufacturing in order to promote flow and improve quality. The operating system includes such things as production batch sizes, product routings, and strategic inventory locations. Based on the future state value stream map and supported by a discrete-event simulation, the new operating system is designed to align the lean strategy with the technical capabilities of the manufacturing line. As confirmed by the simulation, implementation of the new production system is expected to reduce lead time for the cell by 2/3, realize a corresponding one-time reduction in inventory of $350,000, and increase on-time delivery of the cell to over 97%. In total, the project has a three-year net present value exceeding a quarter of a million dollars.
by Matthew David Gates.
S.M.
M.B.A.
9
Gupta, Avaneesh. "Characterization and measurement of manufacturing flexibility for production planning in high mix low volume manufacturing system /". View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IEEM%202004%20GUPTA.
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Papadopoulou, Theopisti C. "Application of lean scheduling and production control in non-repetitive manufacturing systems using intelligent agent decision support". Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7377.
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Lean Manufacturing (LM) is widely accepted as a world-class manufacturing paradigm, its currency and superiority are manifested in numerous recent success stories. Most lean tools including Just-in-Time (JIT) were designed for repetitive serial production systems. This resulted in a substantial stream of research which dismissed a priori the suitability of LM for non-repetitive non-serial job-shops. The extension of LM into non-repetitive production systems is opposed on the basis of the sheer complexity of applying JIT pull production control in non-repetitive systems fabricating a high variety of products. However, the application of LM in job-shops is not unexplored. Studies proposing the extension of leanness into non-repetitive production systems have promoted the modification of pull control mechanisms or reconfiguration of job-shops into cellular manufacturing systems. This thesis sought to address the shortcomings of the aforementioned approaches. The contribution of this thesis to knowledge in the field of production and operations management is threefold: Firstly, a Multi-Agent System (MAS) is designed to directly apply pull production control to a good approximation of a real-life job-shop. The scale and complexity of the developed MAS prove that the application of pull production control in non-repetitive manufacturing systems is challenging, perplex and laborious. Secondly, the thesis examines three pull production control mechanisms namely, Kanban, Base Stock and Constant Work-in-Process (CONWIP) which it enhances so as to prevent system deadlocks, an issue largely unaddressed in the relevant literature. Having successfully tested the transferability of pull production control to non-repetitive manufacturing, the third contribution of this thesis is that it uses experimental and empirical data to examine the impact of pull production control on job-shop performance. The thesis identifies issues resulting from the application of pull control in job-shops which have implications for industry practice and concludes by outlining further research that can be undertaken in this direction.
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Basic, Selma. "Developing process quality measurement in shipbuilding industry". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18887.
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This thesis investigates the possibility to adapt Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), tothe development process in the shipbuilding industry.More specifically the development process wasdelimited to the phases; design, work preparation, production and verification.Ordinarily, OEE is a performance measurement for mass production. Itincludes aquality parameter which has been the focus of this thesis. Both literature review and case study investigation show that process quality is of critical importance in the shipbuilding industry because of the needs for dimensional accuracy and high-quality assemblage.The three main factors affecting process quality are;the flow of information between engineering phaseand productionphase, and the amount of rework and delays. The factors wereevaluated along an optimization method with a specific attention to process quality. Acase studywas conductedto confirm the relevance of the literature review on factors affecting process qualityand allowedto gather factors in process quality that are relevant to the industry.In light of those results, I re-developed a model providingnew measurement of what I call OPQE (Overall Process Quality Efficiency).This study contributes to a betterunderstanding of process quality in ETO(Engineering-To-Order)industries. Notably it shows how deviations that require rework and causesdelays are impacting process quality. It also shows that detecting errors early in the process of production is essential for insuring quality control. An error detected late affects negatively process quality and increases cost.
12
Mohammadpour, Violet y Sebastian Häll. "Supporting the development of a HMLV production cell". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54532.
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Production system development is challenging for manufacturing companies, and development of HMLV production cells entails additional challenges. Thus, the aim of this study is to support the development of a HMLV production cell, and the following research questions were asked: RQ1: What are the challenges of developing a HMLV production cell? RQ2: What are the critical factors to consider when developing a HMLV production cell? RQ3: How can the development of a HMLV production cell be supported? A literature review in combination with a case study were performed to fulfill the aim and answer the research questions. The literature review was conducted to gain knowledge from previous studies, whilst the case study was performed to complement the theoretical findings. The selected case is the development of a HMLV production cell in the department of engine machining at Scania, which is planned to perform production activities for various departments of Scania. The primary data was collected through observations and interviews. The identified challenges of developing a HMLV production cell were production planning, utilization of equipment, product quality and material flow. The identified critical factors to consider when developing a HMLV production cell were production flexibility, production competence, production technology, pilot production, manufacturing strategy, order management system and standardization. The identified challenges of developing a HMLV production cell and the critical factors to consider when developing a HMLV production cell can support manufacturing companies by informing what challenges to expect prior to developing a HMLV production cell, and what critical factors can mitigate these challenges. Two ways of supporting the development of a HMLV production cell are recommended to Scania: creating a structured order management system and performing a pilot production for the milling operation of the core box reparation process. During this study, it was discovered that different HMLV production cells have different capabilities, challenges, and therefore also different critical factors. As such, recommendation for further research is to investigate how the development of different types of HMLV production cells can be supported by using a multiple case study research design, and to compare the challenges and critical factors for the development for the different types of HMLV production cells.
13
Zeng, Zhipeng. "Deformation Behaviour, Microstructure and Texture Evolution of CP Ti Deformed at Elevated Temperatures". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för industriell teknik och management, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10404.
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PILLAI, Vinoshene. "Intravital two photon clcium imaging of glioblastoma mouse models". Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/109211.
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POLI, FRANCESCO. "Toward a lean manufacturing simulation framework for the HVLV environment". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1140036.
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This thesis is the result of the author’s work as a PhD student and as a worker in a high-fashion industry.
The research objective is to provide evidences as to whether the adoption of a lean manufacturing system in a high-variety/low-volume (HVLV) industry is possible and if it can lead to better overall performances.
16
Wu, Tsun-Ming y 吳尊明. "Fuzzy Decisions in High-Variety, Low-Volume Production Planning". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33094009673634345505.
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碩士中華大學
工業工程與管理研究所
88
Because of the global competition and rapid change of technology, how to do production planning is an important program. The purpose of this paper is to insure the production requirement be finished on time, base on different float time situation of the orders. We developed a fuzzy multi-criteria decision model utilize both time and economic constants. In this model the customer importance and production situation are considered as the inputs. In the example a MTO(Make to Order) production system is shown to explored expert system modules and production planning module. In the system, fuzzy logic is focus on uncertain production information to decide the fuzzy float times. The production start time of every order is compute by the system. The output of the system gives managers an effective advice in production scheduling. The object-oriented of Excel VBA is used to develop fuzzy decision production planning system under Windows98.
17
Chi, Jui-Fu y 紀瑞傅. "A Study Sales Forecasting for High-variety Low-volume Production". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95015706264660120595.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
工業管理系
93
Artificial Neural Network is provided with the capability for highly-emorizing, calculating, learning and alternative, to fit the non-linear problem. This study uses the advantages of Artificial Neural Network to establish a sales forecasting model for high-variety low-volume production. For some submersible pump factory, the author uses back-progation network with 3 layers, namely input, hidden, and output layer. Eight factors affecting the demand are identified, and they are rain quantity, promotion, per monthly sales in last year and so on. Nine hidden neurons are used to form the hidden layer of the proposed model. Artificial Neural Network model can provide better demand forecast than it is used to be. The error rate decreases from 33.344% to 11.568%. In comparing to the exponential smoothing model, the proposed method shows that it results smaller error rate. It is able to provide a better forecast for high-variety low-volume production
18
Kusuma, Wilson-Jonathan y 蘇煒尊. "Development of Lean Production System for High-Variety & High-Volume Manufacturing System". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wkuxwc.
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碩士中原大學
工業與系統工程研究所
98
The goal of this study is to build roadmap in develop lean production system (LPS) for high-variety high-volume (HVHV) manufacturing system together with appropriate improvement tools which will give the significant improvement impact. The difference of nature characteristic between HVHV and original lean production system that has a characteristic of an automobile company must be understood. Here value stream mapping (VSM) which adjusted to HVHV manufacturing system condition act as main tool. In many papers VSM has proved effective to develop a future-state with less waste along with a plan to implement it. The roadmap presented in this study will show combination of VSM and option of appropriate improvement tools to help develop LPS for HVHV manufacturing system. The roadmap also useful to prevent valuable resources wasted in using the wrong technique or even using right technique in incorrect sequence and it offers list of tools that can be chosen by the implementer to help the implementer reach the level of leanness that desired. From the verification step it seems that the roadmap is applicable in practical use, the lean concept can be developed in HVHV manufacturing system. The VSM which has adjusted to HVHV manufacturing system successfully act as blue print to guide the improvement process, and also the improvement impact is significant.
19
Hsiao, Chi-Yu y 蕭啟裕. "Implementing Set Parts Supply Model for High-Variety-Low-Volume Automobile Manufacturing". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33688474051966183717.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院碩士在職專班工業工程與管理組
97
Domestic auto industry is facing a bottleneck of market saturation. In order to maintain market share, automobile companies have to continually introduce new models to enhance consumers’ purchasing willingness. In Taiwan, most auto manufacturers adopt a high-variety-low-volume mixed line mode of production. The number of types of parts often doubles as result of a newly introduced car model. When the production area is limited, the production efficiency is highly affected by the increasing number of parts. Set Parts Supply (SPS) Model, derived from the Just-in-time manufacturing of Toyota production methods, is an effective way in reducing the line-side storage space which often also leads to an improvement of production efficiency. SPS moves all components away from the production line and assigns specific operators to deliver parts with completed set based upon the car producing sequence to supply production line instead. There is very little literature that studied the implementation of SPS model. This research constructs a process for auto makers to implement the SPS model in practice. A real case drawn from a Taiwanese auto manufacturer is used to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed process.
20
Lin, Min-Shin y 林明新. "A Study of JIT Delivery Model for High Variety and Low Volume Production in Auto Industry". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nd67gs.
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碩士中原大學
工業工程研究所
92
ABSTRACT This research studies a JIT delivery model for high variety and low volumn production in auto industry. This model can improve the logistics efficiency and effectiveness by reducing stocks and simplifying delivery operation based on information sharing, JIT philosophy, and vendor-managed inventory. Due to the information invisibility and lack of mutual understanding, the delivery information provided by automakers generally exceeds the real material requirement. Furthermore, in order to ensure the accuracy of material supply, automakers set up several checking gates in various delivery processes. This leads to high inventory and inefficient control in delivery processes. In the proposed approach, automakers provide suppliers the real-time production information that drives suppliers’ sequential delivery process on a JIT basis. Moreover, suppliers manage the automakers’ warehouse to ensure the sufficient supply of parts. This saves the automakers’ management effort on the inventory and delivery control. Case study shows the approach significantly reduces the inventory level and increase the efficiency of logistics.
21
Tsai, Wen-Hua y 蔡文化. "Using AHP to Evaluate Business Model of the High-Variety and Low-Volume Sheet Metal Industry". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g2s49h.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所
100
Due to the increasing competition in the external environment and low entry level in the industry, more and more plate manufacturing companies are facing survival problem. In order to maintain competitive advantage in the market, these companies need to have outstanding performance. The performance of a company depends on its operation strategy. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the performance difference between two plate manufacturing companies in the central region of Taiwan. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to compare these two companies’ performance emphasis. The result shows that the one with better performance puts emphasis on financial performance, and the other puts more emphasis on customer dimension.
22
Lan, Ting-Chien y 藍庭艦. "A Study of Productivity Improvement for P.C.B. Assembly Factory in High-Variety, Low-Volume and Order-based Production". Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55475587632293342256.
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碩士元智大學
工業工程研究所
87
The computer industry is the most changeable industry. The competition and phase-out of computer products is extremely stiff. The printed circuit board (PCB) assembly is the heart of computer products. The research and development of a product may take over half a year, but the life cycle of the product, from manufacturing to marketing, may not retain more than a year. The company faces severe pressure from external environment such as low-price competition, high-variety and low-volume product orders, short delivery, and high quality, and internal environment such as smooth interaction between production and marketing, low inventory level, low production cost, and high production efficiency. Therefore, how to employ limited resources to achieve an effective high-variety and low-volume (small batch) production, so as to enhance its productivity, has been a critical and unavoidable problem for the company in PCB assembly. In this study, the major purpose is for the company in PCB assembly to improve the productivity (high production efficiency, low production cost and reduction inventory) a high-variety and small-batch production management. Several approaches have been applied in this study, We first coordinate production and marketing departments, so that the production will be smooth and effective. In material and warehouse management, a coding and classification system is applied to reduce the duplication of material coding. A high frequency, small lot order policy is used to lower inventory level, yet still fulfill the requirements. Especially, a modified ABC rule is used to identify those high consumption, low commonality items. These items will be ordered more frequently. In production control, monthly master schedule is used as a reference, weekly schedule is used to control production progress, and daily schedule is recorded on a white board to trace daily production status. Subcontracting is an alternative for increasing the production capacity and reducing production cost. In production efficiency management, the daily production efficiency is calculated and recorded, so that the low production efficiency problem will be prevented, or promptly solved. At last, it is noteworthy that the Group Technology (GT) is used to classify different PC boards into families based on their similarities. A common board is then designed for the boards with specific similarities. Therefore, some small batches can be merged into a larger batch. This approach simplifies the process design and improves the production efficiency and productivity on the shop floor. In this study, Several examples have been applied to improve the productivity, and it has employing quantitative and qualitative methodology to evaluate the effectiveness, this study proves very high performance in PCB assembly factory of the computer industry. It has significant contribution to the practical usage.
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"Algorithm and Hardware Design for High Volume Rate 3-D Medical Ultrasound Imaging". Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.55684.
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abstract: Ultrasound B-mode imaging is an increasingly significant medical imaging modality for clinical applications. Compared to other imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound imaging has the advantage of being safe, inexpensive, and portable. While two dimensional (2-D) ultrasound imaging is very popular, three dimensional (3-D) ultrasound imaging provides distinct advantages over its 2-D counterpart by providing volumetric imaging, which leads to more accurate analysis of tumor and cysts. However, the amount of received data at the front-end of 3-D system is extremely large, making it impractical for power-constrained portable systems.
In this thesis, algorithm and hardware design techniques to support a hand-held 3-D ultrasound imaging system are proposed. Synthetic aperture sequential beamforming (SASB) is chosen since its computations can be split into two stages, where the output generated of Stage 1 is significantly smaller in size compared to the input. This characteristic enables Stage 1 to be done in the front end while Stage 2 can be sent out to be processed elsewhere.
The contributions of this thesis are as follows. First, 2-D SASB is extended to 3-D. Techniques to increase the volume rate of 3-D SASB through a new multi-line firing scheme and use of linear chirp as the excitation waveform, are presented. A new sparse array design that not only reduces the number of active transducers but also avoids the imaging degradation caused by grating lobes, is proposed. A combination of these techniques increases the volume rate of 3-D SASB by 4\texttimes{} without introducing extra computations at the front end.
Next, algorithmic techniques to further reduce the Stage 1 computations in the front end are presented. These include reducing the number of distinct apodization coefficients and operating with narrow-bit-width fixed-point data. A 3-D die stacked architecture is designed for the front end. This highly parallel architecture enables the signals received by 961 active transducers to be digitalized, routed by a network-on-chip, and processed in parallel. The processed data are accumulated through a bus-based structure. This architecture is synthesized using TSMC 28 nm technology node and the estimated power consumption of the front end is less than 2 W.
Finally, the Stage 2 computations are mapped onto a reconfigurable multi-core architecture, TRANSFORMER, which supports different types of on-chip memory banks and run-time reconfigurable connections between general processing elements and memory banks. The matched filtering step and the beamforming step in Stage 2 are mapped onto TRANSFORMER with different memory configurations. Gem5 simulations show that the private cache mode generates shorter execution time and higher computation efficiency compared to other cache modes. The overall execution time for Stage 2 is 14.73 ms. The average power consumption and the average Giga-operations-per-second/Watt in 14 nm technology node are 0.14 W and 103.84, respectively.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Engineering 2019